Group II

Members:
Bernil, Angel, Cardinas, Marco, Jimenez, Orlando,
Gutierrez, Chrishelle, Reyes, Elyza Shane, Saripa, Louwerlyn

Part 1: Play with the PhET before starting your experiment to see how it works, then
answer the following questions:

1- What is the maximum and minimum resistance can be obtained using this system?
𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 20𝑐𝑚
Rmax = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1𝛺 (.01𝑐𝑚2) = 2000𝛺
Rmax = 2000Ω

𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 .1𝑐𝑚
Rmin = 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.01𝛺 (15𝑐𝑚2) = 0.0001𝛺
Rmin = .0001Ω

2- Use equation (1) to calculate these values? Show your calculation

Rmax = (200 + 0.0001) = 200.0001
1 1 10,0001
Rmin = 200 + 0.0001 = 0.005 + 10,000.005 = 9.99 × 10−5

Part 2: Resistance versus Length

Table 1

Resistivity ρactual = 0.50Ωcm

Cross-sectional area A= 7.50cm²

Length L Resistance R
Sr. (cm) (Ω)
1. 2 .133
2. 4.08 .269
3. 5.98 .404
4. 8.02 .531
5. 10.02 .667
6. 12.04 .802

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 7. 14.06 .937
1. Draw (R vs. L) using Excel and attach the graph.

2. Does the best straight line pass through the origin? Explain.

Yes, the straight line passes through the origin. This is showing that the length of the
object and resistivity are proportional to each other.

3. From the slope of the line, find the resistivity

𝑅𝐴
ρexp = = 0.066 × 7.50 = 0.495𝑐𝑚
𝐿

4. Calculate the percentage error in ρ.

495
δ% =0.50 − 0. 0.50 × 100 = 1%

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Part 3: Resistance versus Area

Table 2

Resistivity ρactual = 0.50cm

Wire length L= 10cm

Area A Resistance R 1/Area
Sr. (cm2) (Ω) (cm-2)
1. 2 2.5 0.5
2. 4 1.25 0.25
3. 6 6 0.167
4. 8 8.0 0.125
5. 10 0.5 0.10
6. 12 0.417 0.0833
7. 14 0.347 0.0714

1. Draw (R vs. A) and (R vs. 1/A) using Excel and attach the graphs.

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2. What is the expected shape of (R vs. A) graph?

3. From the slope of (R vs. 1/A) line, find the resistivity (ρ)

2.5
ρexp = 2 × 10 = 0.5
1.25
4× = 0.5
10
6
6 × 10 = 3.6
8.0
8 × 10 = 6.4
0.5
10 × 10 = 0.5
0.417
12 × = 0.5
10
0.357
14 × = 0.5
10

4. Calculate the percentage error in ρ.

495
δ% = 0.50 − 0. 0.50 × 100 = 1%

Questions:
1. What four physical factors affect the resistance of a wire?

The resistance of a wire resistor is determined by several factors, including the material
it’s made of, its length, thickness, and temperature. The type of material affects the
resistance properties, while the length of the resistor directly impacts resistance,
increasing with longer lengths. Conversely, resistance decreases as the thickness of the
resistor increases, but it also varies with temperature, rising as the conductor’s
temperature increases.

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2. A wire of uniform cross-section has a resistance of R. What would be the resistance of
a similar wire, made of the same material, but twice as long and of twice the diameter?
𝑝21 𝑝1 𝑅
R1 = = 2𝑎 = 2
4𝑎

3. A block of carbon, 1.0 cm by 2.0 cm by 5.0 cm, has a resistance of 0.015 Ω between its
two smaller faces. What is the resistivity of carbon?

Ρ = 0.015 Ω × (2.0 cm^2 / 5.0 cm)

Ρ = 0.015 Ω × 0.4 cm

Ρ = 0.006 Ω cm

4. What length of German silver wire, diameter 0.050 cm, is needed to make a 28 Ω
resistor, if the resistivity of German silver is 2.2 x 10 -7 Ω.m?
𝐿
R=𝑃𝐴

𝑑 2
A = 𝜋 (2 )
0.050 2
A = 𝜋( 2 )
A = π × (0.025)²
A ≈ 0.001963495m²
𝑅×𝐴
L= 𝑝

28×0.001963495
L= 2.2×10−7

L ≈ 249854454m

5. What is the resistance of one kilometer of copper wire (copper resistivity is 1.68x10-8
Ω.m), with a diameter of 1.0 cm.

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6. Conclusions:

………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Answers:

1- Type of material, length of the wire, cross-sectional area and temperature.

2- 1/2 R

3- 6.0xl0-5 Ω.m or (6.0xl0-3 Ω.cm)

4- 25 m

5- 0.21 Ω