Antenna and wave propagation assignment

Electronics and communication Engineering

Submitted By : Devagya Rattan (21bec027)

Q Design a Helical Antenna Using CST.

Procedure:

 Open the CST studio and click on create project, select the antenna option
and input the values for the minimum and maximum frequencies. Anew
window will pop up.

 Now in the home window select marco and click on the construct helical
antenna Option and define the desired values.

 A helical patten tube will be created, now define the centre coordinates and
align the antenna in the centre of the coordinate graph, use the tool box to
create the helical antenna and its feed points for the radiation pattern .
 In the home menu use the discrete port to define the ports and the
direction is the flow of current.
  When the Antenna is created click on the start simulation option to see its
radiation pattern for the different values of the frequencies.

 After the simulation a folder for far fields will be created with different
values of frequencies.

Calculations:

Frequency E-Field = 1.

Frequency Electric energy density = 1.5.

End Results:
Q Design a Broadside Antenna Using CST.

Procedure:

 Open the CST studio and click on create project, select the antenna option
and input the values for the minimum and maximum frequencies an per the
entry number (27). A new window will pop up.

 Use the tool box to create a solid cylinder for the dipole antenna, also build
a cylinder at the centre of the previous one and the delete it to create a
space for the feed line and ports.

 As per the instructions copy the dipole antenna number of times as per the
entry number divided by two (13)

 Align the antenna array in the centre of the coordinate graph.

 Use the pick tools box and select the pick edge option and select centre
two edges of every dipole along with defining the direction.

 Now we have to enter the values for the frequencies, which will be our own
entry number (27). Click on the the simulation option to see the radiation
patterns.
Calculations:

No of elements used = N = entry number/2

27/2 = 13.5 =13 elements

Selected frequency = 27Ghz.

End Results:
Q Design a End fire Antenna Using CST.

Procedure:

 Open the CST studio and click on create project, select the antenna option
and input the values for the minimum and maximum frequencies an per the
entry number (27). A new window will pop up.

 Use the tool box to create a solid cylinder for the dipole antenna, also build
a cylinder at the centre of the previous one and the delete it to create a
space for the feed line and ports.

 As per the instructions copy the dipole antenna number of times as per the
entry number divided by two (13)

 Align the antenna array in the centre of the coordinate graph.

 Use the pick tools box and select the pick edge option and select centre
two edges of every dipole along with defining the direction.

 Now we have to enter the values for the frequencies, which will be our own
entry number (27). Click on the the simulation option to see the radiation
patterns.
Calculations:

No of elements used = N = entry number/2

27/2 = 13.5 =13 elements

Selected frequency = 27Ghz.

End Results:
Q Design a microstrip Antenna Using CST.

Procedure:

 Choose the settings which make the dimensions, frequencies and time steps for your
problem most comfortable.

 Now the actual antenna structure has to be built. For modelling the antenna structure, a
number of different geometrical design tools for typical geometries such as plates, cylinders,
spheres etc.

 The next setting for the simulation is the frequency range of interest. You can specify the
frequency by choosing Solve -> Frequency from the main menu.

 The simulation of this structure will only be performed within the bounding box of the
structure. You may, however, specify certain boundary conditions for each plane.

 In addition to the port impedance and S-parameters which are calculated automatically for
each port, field quantities such as electric or magnetic currents, power flow, equivalent
currents density or radiated far-field may be calculated.

 After defining all necessary parameters, you are ready to start your first simulation. Start the
simulation from the transient solver control dialogue box

Calculations:

Frequency E-Field = 27.

Frequency Electric energy density = 3.

End Results: