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    8 views16 pages

    Atomic Spectroscopy Assignment - 1

    Uploaded by

    Namitha Rajeev

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 16
    ONIT 1 | ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY _—— Atorsic Models 4.| Dattoris otoreic theovy > [Ai roatter is roadeup of fey, oaPVebIe Postel called coms, | Aitlatoms of a Specific elercect Ose Foleotical Tn mes, Size, ANd ches pooperties. Howenes, atoms oF atfresent Bement exbikit Afrerast Poopesties Q Vary To mass 4 Sze — | Atores con weSthes be coented, nor clestroyed . Fustvesnne, GONE cansct be Atided Toto ermaliey pavtfcles. —]} Axoms of diffesent elements cam combice witb Each ctnes fin xed wWhele-numbex taties fo cades to fosre campo- ands - —| Atoms cac be tecaracgedt, combined jos ceponatedt Fo cheesical reactions. LinitatTons Tk does Gcccust “fos subettunsic Pacticles Te does occeust os (cotopes: Tt doet accourPt for Gcbavs Elermct meecinot corobine th sirople, whdle- Nunes rates, bitd Lo foe Compounds — HTreosy doeast Accolet For allotopes - 2. | Thomson aterdic reodel + Considered ators 05 a hormegencous spree of rye Charge Witto suffidiest electrons Embatcled Yo fe So thar He atow os woole Ts elecofeally neutral | Te isthe pudding wit the plums cfetTbuted tncugheuy \ Ld |» c Lircitatfons Fofted 40 explaio the claserved facoyrercies Jo optical Spectag 4 he wits Of o€ Scattertng Sxparimest 6f Geteer ood Moesclen Foiled te evlate ctov's ctabitty . Dide meson Qaytetag about nucleus of Stern. Rutoerford’s Nuclear nedel_ Based oo twersults Of &-cartertog experiments, Ruther fesd cropeced that otors comict of A Airey Ut Yrossive | Pesiively charged sagfon, called wucleus certaising over Ga-q % SF we total mass of the atund SUPrUedced ly ecans at 4 Aistance- To make the ate G6 Awoole neutpal, toe anceuot Of +e de Ge must EOLA! the wegative drasge - TE decane wee Gt wt , hey Weld be Attwackedl to nuct eus Tesefore, Rutesford suggested Woat the elecrens ave Fo cPrculew calste, about'toe vucieus fuse We toe plaoets Oxvound the eur. “Whe cleckrestarfe fore between Hoe pcsitvte ¢ eegative changes provide Ue cacviperal force neckasaay to Matar Oe ke COL noctfolo - Lincitations Blectinons acrelerat® As They move To Curved ovlsits. Tots Qccolesating Cleuvic chavge ‘oad wodTore eoesgy: AS tre maciTated GexQy, comes Foro Alectio% energy, a As expected tp cooesge spirally foro tee mucleus 4 as Sudo te Foequenny FoR abit Wald Inoeace weoce 4. oe Fequency of Vig |Enmted Would ales Socfease wma Cootixrcus arsicn. Wonever Wwe experimect oe coy Vine SPECO - | | SPSteHOe® Rumerinds atom moedel Was Unstable as pe eS tay WOko We ucteus, Ut Gloms are clable 4 genera Boles roodel of Hycksogen atom | — [Tee electtors reveWe acound the cucleus Orly TO estan SRK- Bolbs's Quarnturs condition Bolas Frequeccy Bale WE Bacales cabs Wiitocut rodfarhe eoexgy he Posstble Omwits Ave called He Statfesarsy States of toe ator “Tre allowed states coe wose Br» welch the ctbikal aoguley Monestln 6f toe electton “MOVs” is equal to ap Wwregral moultfpe of +, Wiese Sy Is We Badius of he BY ombR- Raciatfoo oreoesegy hw fs endtttedl coly Ween the election §Jurps Fon O0e Stationany SKE of Comey Ex Xe acot- nes Skate Of lowed e0e7Qy Ey. When Suck A Jump CCCs, nergy cornsewaticd CNes, Ex-Ey = WO Raditus of CY cob + - Qo = Radiuc of usta z bo = RT aa Bie. kroe* oe @Bdet GodTus. Cee a eee ee - obaxwe aan wer 2 Velocity of electvon 3 - eo Elections To the Yoreormsst Seal Yrs the highest velocity Emerspy levels &- ' ] Seat |G,=+ ~Be&ev} n> 1 LC | | The lonest anergy level Go= 19 Fe called Q@z0und stot ot Weweal state 4 Anose corsespondiing to P= 23.42 “Ore | tee Sxcdited crores B= BEeV, Ga-B4eN Ey 274 Bev ~. En=0 The Hudsopes Spectrum Bolvwer -13-6 = Ey -Ee = bv CéGumnps teow Wighs te lov Sete? Ditrerent specksal fees of lbyarOgen Ctowm cao be Sb\a\oed by Suetitutting cuflable Values fos PT 4 HF. D | Lyrcann sevies v- Traceions wwisiclo nck ot DE “Pu zh 2 ejte-L ee > ase + | Wheee Woes fe to “Wy regio? : 1D] Balmes seatesi- “Trarditfons wicloeod oF De = 2 -[V ste ae » . Le + | Appear Fo vVicib\e vegtoo. «| Merdcest of Gates one after called He, YB Hits Wits cowstepornding wavaengtvs 656-30 ese.) 7M, AB Svves WD] Poscoen senfes + VS. = . | Seeo TO TA wcfoo OF = 4565 = wy] Brackett sevtes 2- T= f= 8 Lag] Meee - [Seen Tn IR zegioo - D | Prucd _seviest- T= 1 -R a 2 [Sees Jo LR vecioo Ae Zz >] pydrager ke otore woes THe Crtoms wits Single eecthen weree wet ue, Bet General ovectization vule {wilson 4 Soroncesfieldy S For ony phyckcal systems Wo Wich CooechTrextes one Pericalfe functions of me, thewe SOKcIBES A AQPODUID condifes for €Acls coorchioate. Geo by, §%. a doy = val | Qy > One CFAwe coe ndkinctes Pay 7 MOMEdLUMD AseoGared Wits That cocac\ Ioextes Roy > Ad Wundke4 Tat tokes Wregaal values &> FaleQrarvtar over one posted OF We coerctinate, _Postulates of Boba ator roodel \ | Toon ctom, elecrons sevave axvoucd me positvely cinanged raicleus To a. demwoike Cisculad pactlo catiecl cabits - 2. | Bachowkt / shel hac a frxecl eneagy 4 these chrculed Calaits ont Keown as csbital chells. 2B. |The anergy larksoce Vepreserred by Go Weged bas As Quiaotud NuNdbed: “Wis rwa0ge of Quantun wurobes Stosts from NUCeUS Side WA w=l Wavifog the lowest areey leel- MWheorbts m=1934,--. ove assig neck OS KL MUN,.-. chells wher ooelecttos Gttalns we loves* energy level, it ie Sotd v0 ke To Qroudd store - 4.| The Gectvors Wo ao ator move from O loves eve=gy Jewi to alighed energy level by Gatistng the sequtred enersy 400 SF mares from g bigetPenergy Ive! yo lowe, Grey level by \osting @nerQy, | Aoguice roamerdaira £32 Treclenvits = nb fof CG | Lipcttatfoos | >} Fotied-to explain Zeeman efeck Cerfect oF rdagnerte | FAA co opectea Gf orters) | | Fottedt 26 expiatin stock aeck Coffect of ede feted bi Ane. SpeCa Of Atos) | > Niolates W&eeoteng Uncertainty PHsoct ple | > Accesd8ng 40 clacchcal pry sical, Croculosly waving csaxye | Should radiate enegy 4 erbiral Gockfus Shoeulel be dec | aeased § The & must Falloo aton . But Tt docost happen . 5-| Bolas - Sormmes field oto noodel — | Elecrsans Fo hy ceogen atom Mares TO Go elipfical cob Grewrd Nocleus ag one focus. =e —7 | Pasitioo ce Scanke lecaked by 2 ~ Cecainat€S F4O- J To vols vecdes ewes, Geculon cabit 4 2. « was Hxed ovly © Noted 5 | Vere bo 04 © coould Le auasttzed Gone costo Ve, tere OF 2 Qpractine Coodtions + - D Radial momentuna +- Pa = MO @2/arr ¢ WD) Acguios momentum f- Py = yoo @ieyay) De 7 Radial wmastunn oumbes - K@ Atinouithal ownantumn nudkes - 1] k=0 Ble OU acitt Comsespands 6 moran of we Along aseaignt Vane toecagh te oaclens- a-weef 4 aus*e2 ee P™ > | “3 6 Cadled Ol Quo Humber OP PsacTpal arty, | Pander - Rare Musmates ne pescing electroo oobi TO the bya. VORP Atom Fr d=1,2,93. Be eb 6 Aeculas when c 22 | DEL KEP =0 The two orbits coms esposding to +2 Wave We Gave energy | werefme Wey ave Saich te be degererate © Gracy stote p=3 Is a % fold degenerate | «at | RD a peganesnte| Staus Relafvistic erect Soe Tisan eiiptaal obit, Kepleas law sheula be cot fsfied + Te, S cvould sweep AQual areas Ws eqvudl Anitewals of time -. speed of Becton Sn efipticat er Reduced moss £ Ce > Fre gaucture constant oe e* ia <1e,0% Fos O Given Peocipah opiate numkes 0k cas beve’n! | different Values leading too Aiffevent Stakes WN SVightty | | diffesest enescies . Consequesty | we vt have Avansbes | | ef marstfan Vines called “Gee eructuse Fosteod of O | | Siege Parsifos Wo drs theavy~ Selection Rule *%- Only hase ‘parnditions Te whide charge ley Usity coe cllowed, AK = £1 | G. | Vectors otore Medel > | Tewcaiuctseo of 2 Men coepre D) Spin of election, ¢ - conde Clockuilcefonbolock We DW Spardai quantization | space must Wamonkzed. — >} Poopasech by Tecienticti. —| Ais model lead F BLCotums numbess D| Privcipol omantuns numbers t- P= 1,03-7-> D| opRalowasturs vursbey t- 2 = 42-% 2) 5 Spir opportune Murobes 2- Se Ve Sa iyo > clockwise SPIO eS - An® clockwise spin 29 | Totel onguled roomectumi= j= 245. = Posmed due tate Weractton of pékadipal 4 cab rg) | | | Quactund cumbas 5) Moositdeot J = Vile sat 6 37 | = Total onguiad momestun —+| magsinde ef 2 tal = Juaao® = 2" = OAWRol Grgulos MmorcecttuM — Mogsitce of C= \y = Jee = s, = SRarculan moneotun- BD) Mogret couanturn murder t= me > - RAO +e =r -Totol of @24D values. eon} Qe 2 BS Me = -A-LSOLe @| Mognette sgio auontuve mumbes 7 Ms = +y orn Di Magnetic total anouled momentuns amcrstund numa | t- Mp = rod cextwelvog zee). | fe, total Grd Values Oey) Q-2&s-¥, B= axe = Bb. VAR =Q35) -mBay =6,. ¥@ “BB, Mo E> th Me = Leos©$ Me = Scoce & My = Jcose = JasxQ + Wis make added etthes poroltel oF OPX¥ -Porallel. Te, %=ReS 5 or J= 2-S | ince «Sth 4 = Qa 1 5 Ge ARM = BA Me Me Qe2 52 Beye = Sov ee = WR ' 2& & sow spattal quant zation. Hence we exPecr | 3 alee soon coastal ouonit zation, Tnreeral meagectic | Read causes vectors 2 st0 precess THOS Bene: | Notakoo bo deceive ai eperent Aotes = Obj + | Fes ground Stotect Ht, =), 2=0,5-2, 37% | Crate Je Gosctcd as = Sy, 2 |W IF oxchied ctote, p= 2, 2-0 $= 57 a> | Stave = 25y | O22, Woy Sze ad * %, ACS Fa aaa Vex cocond exclked state, n=3, Staite me , B54, B8an> 3%, » 20-2092 7 ae > Hares except sore deggnevate La 0-3. Note, a7. Gs) Gasp = A245 4 2bs cosa. cose = 2 soe Pe Jcja0 Ht pee acorn §F 2 Sest Db > cose = Jejrowe = RCD? —_Scor0 2 Yats0- Jecso %* = YeJ+D — RCRD - Ses*«O NCS Dias Cea ee 2a Iocew TF @ io he angle between T4 4 axic. Seo = Je 2 AB L OH | a 3 V5G+0 © ry a Fe FT cao neve alfign clove Z onic, Sfoce Maximo, Na\ue of my fc FT Which io always less swore JT Gp | | 4 | Poufi- Exclusion: patadiple | To acinde otore, Po 2 cle coong Will have An Fdeotical et of the came AQUantum Nunmbeie Ce &-Mj,md te, | Rey Single elector gala hove os be To Fe Own Yoique | State CSeqlet Stated Qadiese - DI] Cay 2B can ceaupy the sare crbttas » We 26% ane poesot fo ome orbital mrast lave oppe- Sike sptos [oud be ackpooallel. | Spectroscopy, Tr eve study of toe TWtevactics pemmecs electrenanognetic | esi | Potertoo 4 martes The raattes cante atoms wrelecules © Sons. 7 wines tadfations Wwesact WI mottes, the eresQy | levels Cesacioted with motte: noay os Moy Net deange- Bocadly clecefffed Tote a2 - TD) Aeonsic specescopy. T) Molecules apecrcccopy . : 7 ww) Resarance Spe Crscscopy - | Axorstc specksoscopy 2- Study oF ote, ecromagaakte maciokton Alsethed 4 enaitted by atoms Wave ehemerks hone Unique emisionspecteo, So that bey Con te Wed | fos delewtn ation of cemantal compesit tor | | | Moieculon spectiosc: 2- Study of FnrervackesH Le wieen | Aeckro magneto Waves § molecules OF i | Sryeos of molecules Specha | D Ree rora¥ora| spectsa, mrotter. TWre7e OFF W Viorotforal rotarifooal specea VW) Breckeote ba0d specka. <> Wis allows the aualitettve, detection OF cagasic SNP- ounds oF KE ICUnATOE, Fubcooal Geoupe Resonance spectoscepy s- Nucleot Mognetic. Resorance AMD allows ne Maeculad stwuctuse CFA marers&kal 40 easdyzed by ewe & macusing we nteractlor &K oucieoo sping Wheo Placed fo aponessul wagretfe rela . { Based an metred follaned, spectwcopy Cor be Chossitteg Sete at- D Acscrpifoo spectescopy WD) Emsicice spectoescapy AD fateving spechescepy Avsospiion Spechoscopy + Ar erectnencoQceSe Foctati H atsarbed oy aw ators ce mocle cule: WHA Crodesgees ancien fre lowes energy state to WiQaet exc ted SHONE Dy Abseebing enesgy- Tt occuss Oty Whee, we Re3Q9 CF Padliotios Mateses tre AMfereO@ Tro eragy etwe es AWo levels | Erotesion Spectroscopy + - ALOMS Os roclecules Toot o7€ Crdled kw wigs: enegy Go decay to lowes levels by om | geo OF wodtatios . The cuiccrarxe Kost Clocenles Creoy | theo erste Wis energy as Night’ Seecroabpy Wisklo stuctes NotOugys We Proce of Ericcian is called Crdisioo | Seeckescapy. Seorterting spectscecopyi— Meacunes certain poysical Properties by measuding the anccunt of fight Mat asubs- Aeyxe Scattess SO costatn wavelengths Ranson specticgcapy « Types oF Spectro. ; D Aosenpiico speetta, Cusw — > High ®D Erdesion cpecto Citigh > Low? Thee, 2600 be cubdviclecdk Trto 3+- D confnucus SO ne WWD Band Syeckoo epeckn Speco. Qs. > Continuous Speckto.* - Contdins A wide vange of te Fnuous wovelengith “itocut any Gap- pepeccs cooly Y Peco | XSmpemctucee: Mates senting leads to contin: @asiasica specta, Specra auete hel flansent, latk oy, clowacal ete. PecorP HOD COMEVUCLS SpE ca LONE all worelengins oloseTt CG) WE Vider pasces thaaigh sed choc 4 Raloccres OM AT ® | | Line cpecmay- Line axiscioo spectea comsTAs of senes CF colomed domp Woes sepasated by Aaoskepoces: TEE | get meneue matted to atomic cote & excited Cvence cael | omic epectsa ee): | Une cleesptiengectia: ane obtained ries WAR Beis ¥s POSS ed Ws0ud abserlding matestal Fo otowte state Wee Cos | Vopous» Cromackestette daw Vines mpuilel a preos a) rwe absoxpkoo ok “ee Places winese the celoused Wes Wicula eve bees Peésent wees the absaoert Seccted Poke otonFic state CAice called tonic emkesion cpockes). Ors except acd. Gas spechurn - Band spectra - weeneves Mattes MW Mdccirlos stare Te \AKEd, loand ernsesiO> SpE CHRONO % eee TH has Colcused Wands separated Way Aosk Aand of Waelengts TE eeparated by spaces 60 Verdes. gap Also called Woleculod spect ar Band abcooptfon speck ase dbratreal Wines white Revs feo Paseed tmeugh alcesling material fo wdeclas caate- At @vtoln Places, Gedtk lands aApreoy with colo- ovedi stiips O0 ether sides. Aamecus al? of KMoa, Gives 5 lands To Qoeen wegToo + | Otines exompies. Ve] Rafi how —

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