►Lesson Worksheets 2

 The box loses 6 J of energy.

Answers
Chapter 6 6.2 Mechanical energy
6.1 Work 1 mechanical

A Work: another way of energy transfer A Kinetic energy

1 force, displacement 1 Kinetic
3 joules 1 2
mv
2 2
4 parallel
Fs cos  3 doubles, 4
5 scalar 4 does not depend
6 Fs, 0
Quick check 3
Quick check 1
(a) Kinetic energy of car
(a) W=0
= 1 mv2 = 1 (1200)302 = 5.4  105 J
(b) W = Fs = 5  9.81  1.2 = 58.9 J 2 2
(c) W = Fs cos  = 24  2  cos 40 = 36.8 J (b) Change in Kinetic energy

= 1 mv2  1 mu2
B Positive and negative work
2 2
1 positive
= 1 (1200)152  1 (1200)302
by
2 2
gains
= 4.05  105 J
2 negative
 The car loses 4.05  105 J of kinetic energy.
against
loses
B Potential energy
3 parallel
3 Gravitational potential
Quick check 2 5 mgh
(a) Apply W = F// s = Fs cos . 7 scalar, negative
Energy change 8 height
= sum of work done 9 mgh
= 24(3) cos 60 + 10(3) cos 180 independent
=6J
Alternatively, net force acting on the box Quick check 4
= 24 cos 60  10 = 2 N (to the right) (a) Gravitational PE at A
Energy change = mgh = 0.5  9.81  2 = 9.81 J
= work done by net force = 2(3) = 6 J (b) Decrease in gravitational PE
 The box gains 6 J of energy. = mgh
(b) Energy change = work done by net force = 0.5  9.81  (3 sin 30)
= 10(0.6) cos 180 = 7.36 J
= 6 J  The ball loses 7.36 J of gravitational PE.

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 ►Lesson Worksheets 2

h = 0.0373 m

6.3 Energy conversion and conservation

of energy
A Law of conservation of energy
1 conserved

B Examples: total mechanical energy does not

change
Quick check 5
(a) Method 1:
Loss in PE = gain in KE

mgh = 1 mv2
2

9.81(0.05) = 1 v2
2
v = 0.99 m s1
Method 2:
Take the PE at B as zero.
KEA + PEA = KEB + PEB

0 + mgh = 1 mv2 + 0
2
1 2
9.81(0.05) = v
2
v = 0.99 m s1
(b) Method 1:
Consider the motion from A to C。
Loss in PE = gain in KE

mgh = 1 mv2
2

9.81(0.05  h) = 1 (0.52)
2
h = 0.0373 m

Method 2:
KEA + PEA = KEC + PEC

0 + mghA = 1 mv2 + mghC

2
1
9.81(0.05) = (0.52) + (9.81)h
2

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Quick check 6 (b) When the car moves down the slope before it
(a) Before the string stretches, Jason’s stops, besides the loss in KE, there is also a
gravitational PE changes to his KE. loss in gravitational PE. The work done against
When the string starts to stretch, Jason still friction is equal to the sum of these losses.
speeds up. Therefore, his gravitational PE Therefore, the car needs to travel a longer
changes to his KE and the elastic PE of the distance to stop.
string.
When the string is stretched to a certain length, Quick check 8
Jason slows down. Jason’s gravitational PE and Take the PE at B as zero.
KE change to the elastic PE of the string. KEA + PEA = KEB + PEB + W against friction
When Jason reaches O, he is momentarily at
1 mvA2 + mghA= 1 mvB2 + 0 + fd
rest. All the loss in gravitation PE changes to 2 2
the elastic PE of the string. 1
(400)(52) + (400)(9.81)(30)
(b) (i) Take the gravitational PE on the bridge 2
as zero. 1
= (400)vB2 + (20)(120)
When Jason drops from the bridge to 2
vB = 24.5 m s–1
where the string just starts stretching,
KE1 + EPE1 + GPE1
= KE2 + EPE2 + GPE2 2 increases

0 + 0 + 0 = 1 mv2 + 0 + mgh
2 6.4 Power
0 = 1 v2 + 9.81(–40) A Definition of power
2
work done
v = 28.0 m s–1 time taken
1
(ii) When Jason drops from the bridge to
point O,
Quick check 9
KE1 + EPE1 + GPE1
work done
Power = time taken = 100 × 2 = 40 W
= KE3 + EPE3 + GPE3
0 = 0 + E + mgh 5
0 = E + (65)(9.81)(–125)
E = 79 700 J
B Power and velocity
1 Fv
C Examples: total mechanical energy changes
2 (a) increase
Quick check 7
(b) constant
(a) Work done against friction = loss in KE

fd = 1 mu2 – 1 mv2 Quick check 10

2 2
(a) Forward force due to the motor
12 000d = 1 (2000)(152 – 0) = total resistive force = 8 N
2
Power = Fv = 8  1.2 = 9.6 W
d = 18.8 m

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 ►Lesson Worksheets 2

v−u 1. 2−0 v = 0 + 0.5  1.5 = 0.75 m s1

(b) Acceleration a = t = 5 = 0.24 m s2 Instantaneous power output
At t = 2 s, = Fv = 6686  0.75 = 5010 W
1
velocity v = u + at = 0 + 0.24  2 = 0.48 m s
Power = Fv = 8  0.48 = 3.84 W

Quick check 11
(a) E = E0 + Pt
(b)

E0 + 5P

E
0

0 t
5

The slope of the graph is P.

Quick check 12
(a) Taken the upwards direction as positive.
Given u = 0, a = 0.5 m s2, t = 2 s
v = u + at = 0 + 0.5  2 = 1 m s1
1 2 1
at ×0 .5×22
s = ut + 2 =0+ 2 =1m

Energy provided by motor

= gain in KE and PE + W against f
1
m(v 2 −u2 )
Pt = 2 + mgh + fs

P(2) =1 (600)(12 – 0) + 600(9.81)(1) + 500(1)

2
P = 3340 W
 The average power output of the motor is
3340 W.
(b) Let F be the upward force acting on the lift due
to the motor.
Net force acting on lift = F  mg – f = ma
 F = m(a + g) + f
= 600  (0.5 + 9.81) + 500
= 6686 N
At t = 1.5 s,

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