You are on page 1of 1

Research Original Investigation Causes of Child and Youth Homelessness

The Rise of the South—Human Progress in a Diverse 31. Veale A, Donà G. Street children and political street children and formerly abandoned street
World. New York, NY: United Nations; 2013. violence: a socio-demographic analysis of street children in La Paz, Bolivia. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89
14. Sorber R, Winston S, Koech J, et al. Social and children in Rwanda. Child Abuse Negl. 2003;27(3): (9):821-826.
economic characteristics of street youth by gender 253-269. 50. Lee JAB, Odie-Ali S. Carry me home:
and level of street involvement in Eldoret, Kenya. 32. Lockhart C. Kunyenga, “real sex,” and survival: a collaborative study of street children in
PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97587. assessing the risk of HIV infection among urban Georgetown, Guyana. J Soc Work Res Eval. 2000;1
15. DuRant RH. Checklist for the evaluation of street boys in Tanzania. Med Anthropol Q. 2002;16 (2):185-196.
research articles. J Adolesc Health. 1994;15(1):4-8. (3):294-311. 51. Raffaelli M, Koller SH, Reppold CT, et al. Gender
16. Rew L, Taylor-Seehafer M, Thomas NY, Yockey 33. Salem EM, Abd el-Latif F. Sociodemographic differences in Brazilian street youth’s family
RD. Correlates of resilience in homeless characteristics of street children in Alexandria. East circumstances and experiences on the street. Child
adolescents. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2001;33(1):33-40. Mediterr Heal J. 2002;8(1):64-73. Abuse Negl. 2000;24(11):1431-1441.

17. Rew L, Fouladi RT, Yockey RD. Sexual health 34. Tchombe TM, Nuwanyakpa M, Etmonia T. 52. Aneci Rosa CS, Borba ES, Ebrahim GJ.
practices of homeless youth. J Nurs Scholarsh. Street children in Cameroon: problems and The street children of Recife: a study of their
2002;34(2):139-145. perspectives. J Psychol Africa. 2001;11(2):101-125. background. J Trop Pediatr. 1992;38(1):34-40.

18. Mallett S, Rosenthal D, Keys D. Young people, 35. Abdella R, Hoot J, Tadesse S. Seldom heard 53. Murray LK, Singh NS, Surkan PJ, Semrau K,
drug use and family conflict: pathways into voices: child prostitutes in Ethiopia. Int J Early Child. Bass J, Bolton P. A qualitative study of Georgian
homelessness. J Adolesc. 2005;28(2):185-199. 2006;38(2):81-85. doi:10.1007/BF03168210. youth who are on the street or institutionalized. Int
36. Aderinto AA. Social correlates and coping J Pediatr. 2012;2012:921604.
19. Rosenthal D, Mallett S, Myers P. Why do
homeless young people leave home? Aust N Z J measures of street-children: a comparative study of 54. Mayfield Arnold E, Song EY, Legault C, Wolfson
Public Health. 2006;30(3):281-285. street and non-street children in south-western M. Risk behavior of runaways who return home.
Nigeria. Child Abuse Negl. 2000;24(9):1199-1213. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2012;7(3):283-297.
20. MacLean MG, Embry LE, Cauce AM. Homeless doi:10.1080/17450128.2012.687843.
adolescents’ paths to separation from family: 37. Lalor KJ. Street children: a comparative
comparison of family characteristics, psychological perspective. Child Abuse Negl. 1999;23(8):759-770. 55. Coates J, McKenzie-Mohr S. Out of the frying
adjustment, and victimization. J Community Psychol. 38. Lugalla JLP, Mbwambo JK. Street children and pan, into the fire: trauma in the lives of homeless
1999;27(2):179-187. street life in urban Tanzania: the culture of surviving youth prior to and during homelessness. J Sociol Soc
and its implications for children’s health. Int J Urban Welf. 2010;37(4):65-96. https://www.wmich.edu
21. Cauce AM, Paradise M, Ginzler JA, et al. /hhs/newsletters_journals/jssw_institutional
The characteristics and mental health of homeless Reg Res. 1999;23(2):329-344.
doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00198. /individual_subscribers/37.4.Coates.pdf. Accessed
adolescents: age and gender differences. J Emot February 16, 2016.
Behav Disord. 2000;8(4):230-239. 39. Matchinda B. The impact of home background
doi:10.1177/106342660000800403. on the decision of children to run away: the case of 56. Peressini T. Perceived reasons for
Yaounde City street children in Cameroon. Child homelessness in Canada: testing the heterogeneity
22. Cochran BN, Stewart AJ, Ginzler JA, Cauce AM. hypothesis. Can J Urban Res. 2007;16(1):112-126.
Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Abuse Negl. 1999;23(3):245-255.
comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and 40. Anarfi JK. Vulnerability to sexually transmitted 57. Hyde J. From home to street: understanding
transgender homeless adolescents with their disease: street children in Accra. Health Transit Rev. young people’s transitions into homelessness.
heterosexual counterparts. Am J Public Health. 1997;7 Suppl:281-306. J Adolesc. 2005;28(2):171-183.
2002;92(5):773-777. 41. Senaratna BCV, Wijewardana BVN. Street 58. Safyer AW, Thompson SJ, Maccio EM,
23. Baker R, Panter-Brick C, Todd A. Methods used children in Colombo: what brings them to and Zittel-Palamara KM, Forehand G. Adolescents’ and
in research with street children in Nepal. Child. sustains them on the streets? Sri Lanka J Child Health. parents’ perceptions of runaway behavior:
1996;3(2):171-193. doi:10.1177 2013;42(2):70-75. doi:10.4038/sljch.v42i2.5626. problems and solutions. Child Adolesc Social Work J.
/0907568296003002005. 2004;21(5):495-512. doi:10.1023/B:CASW
42. Bhat DP, Singh M, Meena GS. Screening for .0000043361.35679.73.
24. Baker R, Panter-Brick C, Todd A. Homeless abuse and mental health problems among illiterate
street boys in Nepal: their demography and runaway adolescents in an Indian metropolis. Arch 59. Moon MW, Binson D, Page-Shafer K, Díaz R.
lifestyle. J Comp Fam Stud. 1997;28(1):129-146. Dis Child. 2012;97(11):947-951. Correlates of HIV risk in a random sample of street
youths in San Francisco. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care.
25. Strobbe F, Olivetti C, Jacobson M. Breaking the 43. Gupta A. Social determinants of health—street 2001;12(6):18-27.
net: family structure and street-connected children children at crossroads. Health. 2012;4(9):634-643.
in Zambia. J Dev Stud. 2013;49(5):670-688. doi:10.4236/health.2012.49100. 60. Ennett ST, Federman EB, Bailey SL, Ringwalt
doi:10.1080/00220388.2012.709619. CL, Hubbard ML. HIV-risk behaviors associated with
44. Sherman SS, Plitt S. ul Hassan S, Cheng Y, Zafar homelessness characteristics in youth. J Adolesc
26. Ward CL, Seager JR. South African street ST. Drug use, street survival, and risk behaviors Health. 1999;25(5):344-353.
children: a survey and recommendations for among street children in Lahore, Pakistan. J Urban
services. Dev South Afr. 2010;27(1):85-100. Health. 2005;82(suppl 4):iv113-iv124. 61. Nadon SM, Koverola C, Schludermann EH.
doi:10.1080/03768350903519374. Antecedents to prostitution: childhood
45. Ali M, Shahab S, Ushijima H, de Muynck A. victimization. J Interpers Violence. 1998;13(2):
27. Tadele G. ‘Unrecognized victims’: sexual abuse Street children in Pakistan: a situational analysis of 206-221. doi:10.1177/088626098013002003.
against male street children in Merkato area, Addis social conditions and nutritional status. Soc Sci Med.
Ababa. Ethopian J Health Dev. 2009;23:174-182. 2004;59(8):1707-1717. 62. Ringwalt CL, Greene JM, Robertson MJ.
doi:10.4314/ejhd.v23i3.53238. Familial backgrounds and risk behaviors of youth
46. Tiwari PA, Gulati N, Sethi GR, Mehra M. Why do with thrownaway experiences. J Adolesc. 1998;21
28. Plummer ML, Kudrati M, Dafalla El Hag Yousif some boys run away from home? Indian J Pediatr. (3):241-252.
N. Beginning street life: factors contributing to 2002;69(5):397-399.
children working and living on the streets of 63. Boesky LM, Toro PA, Bukowski PA. Differences
47. Senanayake MP, Ranasinghe A, Balasuriya C. in psychosocial factors among older and younger
Khartoum, Sudan. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2007;29 Street children—a preliminary study. Ceylon Med J.
(12):1520-1536. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.06 homeless adolescents found in youth shelters.
1998;43(4):191-193. J Prev Intervent Community. 1997;15(2):19-36.
.008.
48. Patel S. Street children, hotel boys and children 64. Booth RE, Zhang Y. Severe aggression and
29. Young L. Journeys to the street: the complex of pavement dwellers and construction workers in
migration geographies of Ugandan street children. related conduct problems among runaway and
Bombay—how they meet their daily needs. Environ homeless adolescents. Psychiatr Serv. 1996;47(1):
Geoforum. 2004;35(4):471-488. doi:10.1016/j Urban. 1990;2(2):9-26. doi:10.1177
.geoforum.2003.09.005. 75-80.
/095624789000200203.
30. Motala S, Smith T. Exposed to risk: girls and 65. Janus MD, Archambault FX, Brown SW,
49. Huang CC, Barreda P, Mendoza V, Guzman L, Welsh LA. Physical abuse in Canadian runaway
boys living on the streets. Agenda. 2003;17(56): Gilbert P. A comparative analysis of abandoned
62-72. adolescents. Child Abuse Negl. 1995;19(4):433-447.

E10 JAMA Pediatrics Published online April 4, 2016 (Reprinted) jamapediatrics.com

Copyright 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a Universite Laval User on 04/05/2016

You might also like