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Oxides Naming and Use
Oxides Naming and Use
to name oxides;
to correctly write molecular and structural formulas of selected metal and non‐metal
oxides basing on their names;
to name the oxide basing on its molecular formula;
to indicate those oxides that can be found in nature;
what the uses of oxides are;
to describe the physical properties of selected oxides (e.g. calcium oxide, aluminum
oxide, iron oxides, carbon oxides, silicon dioxide, sulfur oxides).
Naming of oxides
Oxides are binary compounds with oxygen where the oxidation state of oxygen is O-II.
Oxygen in chemical compounds is always divalent. Other elements may have different
valency number and form one or more oxides (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, fluoride
have only valence of 1). In the names of oxides, the word “oxide” must be preceded by the
name of the element that binds to oxygen.
The name is composed of the cation name and the word oxide.
Examples:
Na2O sodium oxide
CaO calcium oxide
SnO tin(II) oxide or stannous oxide
SnO2 tin(IV) oxid
Oxides of non‐metals are named by stating the name of the element first, followed by the
word oxide. Numeral prefixes are used where necessary:
Examples:
NO nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
Cl2O dichlorine oxide
Cl2O5 dichlorine pentoxide
Some elements form only one type of oxide. In these cases, the use of numerical prefixes is
not necessary:
Examples:
Al2O3 aluminum oxide
SiO2 silicon oxide
To derive a formula for an oxide, write the symbols of the elements together with indices
according to the numerical prefix that indicates the number of specified atoms in the
molecule. If a given element forms more than one oxide, then its valency number should also
be specified by Roman numeral in brackets.
In the case of metal oxides, where the numerical prefixes are not usually used, we have to
obey the rule of electroneutrality.
Examples:
boron oxide B2IIIO3II → B2O3
diarsenic pentaoxide As2VO5II → As2O5
Naming of oxides
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 1
Watch the presenta on. Note how the names of oxides are created.
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Examples of oxides
Valence
Elemental number Molecular formula
Oxide name
symbol in of oxide
compounds
C II CO carbon monoxide
monocarbon dioxide or
C IV CO2
carbon dioxide
N V N2 O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
Uses of oxides
Metal and non‐metal oxides are widely used. Some oxides are found in nature. They include:
Aplet
Iron(III) oxide
occurs in the form of a mineral - hematite. Due to its red color, it can be used as a pigment
in the production of paints and varnishes.
Aluminum oxide
occurs in the form of a mineral - corundum. Gemstones are used in jewelery, while
aluminum oxide, due to its high hardness, is used for polishing and as an abrasive.
Calcium oxide
is used for the production of cement and masonry mortars (quicklime) and in laboratories
for the drying of liquids and gases. It is also used in the production of artificial fertilizers.
Task 2
1 6
7 5
2
4
3
1. arsenic(III) oxide (arsenic), very strong poison, the ingredient of a rat trunk, enamel and paints,
used also for the preserva on of hides and skins and wood
2. sulfur dioxide a bleaching and disinfec on agent used in the produc on of paper and wine
3. magnesium oxide for use in the manufacture of cas ngs, cement and refractories
4. silicon dioxide for use in the manufacture of glass, mortar, cement and ceramics, and to
obtain silicon
5. nitrous oxide laughing gas used for local anesthe za on and as a chemical food addi ve
6. carbon dioxide for use in the manufacture of carbonated beverages and as a fire
ex nguishing agent
7. use of oxides
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
nitric oxide, calcium oxide, iron(III) oxide, manganese(IV) oxide, silicon monoxide, sulfur dioxide
SO2
CaO
SiO
Fe2O3
NO
MnO2
Exercise 3
P4O10 ..................................................
Li2O2 ................................
SO3 ..............................
CO2 ............................
N2O ......................................
Fe2O3 ..............................
Ag2O ..............................
Al2O3 ........................................
CuO ................................
Naming of peroxides
Metal peroxides
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Conclusion
Oxides are compounds of oxygen with other elements. Oxides are formed as a result of
synthesis reactions, oxidation reactions of decomposition reactions and reduction
reactions.
Names of all oxides in English are formed and read from left to right. First you mention
the name of the element that reacts with oxygen, and then you use the term “oxide”.
If a given element forms more than one oxide, then its valency number should also be
specified by Roman numeral in brackets.
Metal and non‐metal oxides are widely used.
Some oxides are found in nature.
Keywords
oxygen, oxides, use of oxides, synthesis reaction, combustion, naming of oxygens, metal
oxide, non‐metal oxide
Glossary
oxide
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
tlenek – związek, w którym tlen jest związany z innym pierwiastkiem chemicznym, np.:
K O, MgO, SiO , SO , Cl O
2 2 3 2 7
hydrogen peroxide
Adresat
Podstawa programowa:
2) opisuje właściwości fizyczne oraz zastosowania wybranych tlenków (np. tlenku wapnia,
tlenku glinu, tlenków żelaza, tlenków węgla, tlenku krzemu(IV), tlenków siarki).
Kompetencje kluczowe
Kryteria sukcesu
Uczeń nauczy się:
aktywizujące
dyskusja.
podające
pogadanka.
eksponujące
film.
programowane
z użyciem komputera;
z użyciem e‐podręcznika.
praktyczne
ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.
Formy pracy
praca indywidualna;
praca w parach;
praca w grupach;
praca całego zespołu klasowego.
Środki dydaktyczne
e‐podręcznik;
zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki;
tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery.
Przebieg lekcji
Faza wstępna
1. Nauczyciel rozdaje uczniom metodniki lub kartki w trzech kolorach: zielonym, żółtym
i czerwonym do zastosowania w pracy techniką świateł drogowych. Przedstawia cele
lekcji sformułowane w języku ucznia na prezentacji multimedialnej oraz omawia kryteria
sukcesu (może przesłać uczniom cele lekcji i kryteria sukcesu pocztą elektroniczną lub
zamieścić je np. na Facebooku, dzięki czemu uczniowie będą mogli prowadzić ich
portfolio).
2. Prowadzący wspólnie z uczniami ustala – na podstawie wcześniej zaprezentowanych
celów lekcji – co będzie jej tematem, po czym zapisuje go na tablicy
interaktywnej/tablicy kredowej. Uczniowie przepisują temat do zeszytu.
3. BHP – przed przystąpieniem do eksperymentów uczniowie zapoznają się z kartami
charakterystyk substancji, które będą używane na lekcji. Nauczyciel wskazuje na
konieczność zachowania ostrożności w pracy z nimi.
Faza realizacyjna
1. Prowadzący zajęcia wyświetla na tablicy multimedialnej tabelę „Tworzenie nazw
tlenków” i omawia ją, tłumacząc zasady konstruowania nazw tlenków. Zadaje uczniom
pytanie: „Co to są tlenki?”. Podczas rozmowy podaje przykładowe nazwy tlenków
naprzemiennie z wzorami sumarycznymi – chętni zapisują nazwy tlenków oraz wzory
sumaryczne i strukturalne na tablicy.
2. Nauczyciel w oparciu o tabelę „Przykłady tlenków” omawia przykładowe tlenki, ich
nazwy, modele i wzory strukturalne.
3. Nauczyciel dzieli uczniów na grupy. Poleca im opracowanie zagadnienia „Tlenki –
zastosowanie” z wykorzystaniem informacji z abstraktu oraz innych źródeł (internet,
podręcznik książkowy). Prosi o wypisanie na arkuszach papieru właściwości
i zastosowania wybranych tlenków, np. tlenku wapnia, tlenku glinu, tlenków żelaza,
tlenków węgla, tlenku krzemu(IV), tlenków siarki. Po zakończeniu pracy liderzy grup
referują efekty działań grupy z zastosowaniem techniki gadająca ściana.
4. Nauczyciel prosi uczniów o wykonanie indywidualnie zadań i ćwiczeń interaktywnych
z abstraktu.
Faza podsumowująca
Praca domowa
Pojęcia
oxide
tlenek – związek, w którym tlen jest związany z innym pierwiastkiem chemicznym, np.:
, , , ,
K2 O MgO SiO2 SO3 Cl2 O7
hydrogen peroxide
Teksty i nagrania
Oxides are binary compounds with oxygen where the oxidation state of oxygen is O-II.
Oxygen in chemical compounds is always divalent. Other elements may have different
valency number and form one or more oxides (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, fluoride
have only valence of 1). In the names of oxides, the word “oxide” must be preceded by the
name of the element that binds to oxygen.
The name is composed of the cation name and the word oxide.
Examples:
Na2O sodium oxide
CaO calcium oxide
SnO tin(II) oxide or stannous oxide
SnO2 tin(IV) oxid
Oxides of non‐metals are named by stating the name of the element first, followed by the
word oxide. Numeral prefixes are used where necessary:
Examples:
NO nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
Cl2O dichlorine oxide
Cl2O5 dichlorine pentoxide
Some elements form only one type of oxide. In these cases, the use of numerical prefixes is
not necessary:
Examples:
Al2O3 aluminum oxide
SiO2 silicon oxide
To derive a formula for an oxide, write the symbols of the elements together with indices
according to the numerical prefix that indicates the number of specified atoms in the
molecule. If a given element forms more than one oxide, then its valency number should also
be specified by Roman numeral in brackets.
In the case of metal oxides, where the numerical prefixes are not usually used, we have to
obey the rule of electroneutrality.
Examples:
boron oxide B2IIIO3II → B2O3
diarsenic pentaoxide As2VO5II → As2O5
Metal and non‐metal oxides are widely used. Some oxides are found in nature. They include:
Oxides are compounds of oxygen with other elements. Oxides are formed as a result of
synthesis reactions, oxidation reactions of decomposition reactions and reduction
reactions.
Names of all oxides in English are formed and read from left to right. First you mention
the name of the element that reacts with oxygen, and then you use the term “oxide”.
If a given element forms more than one oxide, then its valency number should also be
specified by Roman numeral in brackets.
Metal and non‐metal oxides are widely used.
Some oxides are found in nature.
Lesson plan (English)
Target group
Core curriculum:
2) describes the physical properties and applications of selected oxides (e.g., calcium oxide,
aluminum oxide, iron oxides, carbon oxides, silicon dioxide, sulfur oxides).
The student explains what is the reaction of combustion of elements in oxygen. Indicates
the use of oxides
Key competences
activating
discussion.
expository
talk.
exposing
film.
programmed
with computer;
with e‐textbook.
practical
exercices concerned.
Forms of work
individual activity;
activity in pairs;
activity in groups;
collective activity.
Teaching aids
e‐textbook;
notebook and crayons/felt‐tip pens;
interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers.
Introduction
1. The teacher hands out Methodology Guide or green, yellow and red sheets of paper to
the students to be used during the work based on a traffic light technique. He presents
the aims of the lesson in the student's language on a multimedia presentation and
discusses the criteria of success (aims of the lesson and success criteria can be send to
students via e‐mail or posted on Facebook, so that students will be able to manage their
portfolio).
2. The teacher together with the students determines the topic – based on the previously
presented lesson aims – and then writes it on the interactive whiteboard/blackboard.
Students write the topic in the notebook.
3. Health and safety – before starting the experiments, students familiarise themselves
with the safety data sheets of the substances that will be used during the lesson. The
teacher points out the need to be careful when working with them.
Realization
1. The lecturer displays on the multimedia table the table „Creating oxide names” and
discusses it, explaining the principles of constructing the names of oxides. He asks the
students the question: „What are oxides?”. During the conversation, he gives sample
names of oxides alternating with total patterns - willing write down the names of oxides
as well as summary and structural formulas on the board.
2. The teacher, based on the „Examples of oxides” table, discusses examples of oxides, their
names, models and structural formulas.
3. The teacher divides the students into groups. He tells them to elaborate on the „Oxides
- application” issue with the use of information from abstract and other sources
(internet, book manual). He asks to print on the paper sheets the properties and
applications of selected oxides, e.g. calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxides, carbon
oxides, silicon dioxide, and sulfur oxides. After finishing the work, the group leaders
report the effects of the group's activities using the talking wall technique.
4. The teacher asks students to perform individually interactive tasks and exercises from
the abstract.
Summary
The teacher can use the interactive whiteboard in the abstract or instruct students to
work with it
2. The student indicated by the teacher sums up the lesson, telling what he has learned
and what skills he/she has been practicing.
Homework
1. Listen to the abstract recording at home. Pay attention to pronunciation, accent and
intonation. Learn to pronounce the words learned during the lesson.
2. Make at home a note from the lesson using the sketchnoting method.
Terms
oxide
tlenek – związek, w którym tlen jest związany z innym pierwiastkiem chemicznym, np.:
, , , ,
K2 O MgO SiO2 SO3 Cl2 O7
hydrogen peroxide
Oxides are binary compounds with oxygen where the oxidation state of oxygen is O-II.
Oxygen in chemical compounds is always divalent. Other elements may have different
valency number and form one or more oxides (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, fluoride
have only valence of 1). In the names of oxides, the word “oxide” must be preceded by the
name of the element that binds to oxygen.
The name is composed of the cation name and the word oxide.
Examples:
Na2O sodium oxide
CaO calcium oxide
SnO tin(II) oxide or stannous oxide
SnO2 tin(IV) oxid
Oxides of non‐metals are named by stating the name of the element first, followed by the
word oxide. Numeral prefixes are used where necessary:
Examples:
NO nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
Cl2O dichlorine oxide
Cl2O5 dichlorine pentoxide
Some elements form only one type of oxide. In these cases, the use of numerical prefixes is
not necessary:
Examples:
Al2O3 aluminum oxide
SiO2 silicon oxide
To derive a formula for an oxide, write the symbols of the elements together with indices
according to the numerical prefix that indicates the number of specified atoms in the
molecule. If a given element forms more than one oxide, then its valency number should also
be specified by Roman numeral in brackets.
In the case of metal oxides, where the numerical prefixes are not usually used, we have to
obey the rule of electroneutrality.
Examples:
boron oxide B2IIIO3II → B2O3
diarsenic pentaoxide As2VO5II → As2O5
Metal and non‐metal oxides are widely used. Some oxides are found in nature. They include:
Oxides are compounds of oxygen with other elements. Oxides are formed as a result of
synthesis reactions, oxidation reactions of decomposition reactions and reduction
reactions.
Names of all oxides in English are formed and read from left to right. First you mention
the name of the element that reacts with oxygen, and then you use the term “oxide”.
If a given element forms more than one oxide, then its valency number should also be
specified by Roman numeral in brackets.
Metal and non‐metal oxides are widely used.
Some oxides are found in nature.