PHILLIPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

STATISTICS for CRIMINAL JUSTICE & CRIMINOLOGY

ACTIVITY 3

Name _____________________ Date __________________

Course Code _______________
I. Given the data on the number of times a randomly selected juvenile offenders were
arrested/caught for theft:
12 8 13 7 14
Answer the following: (21 points)
a. Construct a sampling distribution considering 2 offenders for each sample. (5 points)

b. Compute the mean for each sample, estimated population mean and the population
mean. (8 points)

c. Compute the estimated population mean considering only 8 samples and compare with the
population mean. Discuss the difference. (You can choose any 8 samples from the total samples)
(8 points)
II. Construct the hypothesis, Null (Ho) and Alternative (Ha) and determine the direction of
the test, non-directional (two-tailed) or directional (one-tailed - indicate specifically if it is
right or left tailed) (15 points)
1. According to study, incidence of drugs is higher compared to theft and robbery in the urban
areas.

𝐻0 :

𝐻𝑎 :

Direction of the test:

2. According to survey, there is a decrease in rapes cases in the slum areas in the last 3 months.
Based on record, on the average, there are on the average 12 cases per month in these areas.

𝐻0 :

𝐻𝑎 :

Direction of the test:

3. Based on study, the number of apprehensions of violators in the bus lane is almost the same
before and after the implementation of stiffer penalties.

𝐻0 :

𝐻𝑎 :

Direction of the test:

III. Given the following study and statistical output, construct the problem and hypothesis and
provide the appropriate information in the table below based on the statistical output. (24 pts)
1. A study showing the improvement in the living conditions of PDLs in the National Bilibid Prison
before and after the change in the leadership in the facility . Use 1% level of significance.
Problem:

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𝐻𝑎 :

Statistical Output extracted from MS Analysis Tool-Pak:

Before After
Mean 1.928571429 4.285714286
Variance 0.532967033 0.373626374
Observations 14 14
Pearson Correlation 0.049251523
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 13
t Stat 9.495892508
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.63391E-07
t Critical one-tail 2.650308838
P(T<=t) two-tail 3.26783E-07
t Critical two-tail 3.012275839

From the table above, answer the following: (5 points)

a. Direction of the test: _______________
b. T-statistics : ______________
c. P-value: ____________
d. Critical Value : ___________
e. Decision: (Put an “X” mark)
Reject Ho: _______ Accept Ho: _______
f. Discuss the results using p-value approach: (3 points)
2. A study comparing the drug related cases in urban and rural areas. Based on reports, there is
a significant decline in drug related cases in the rural areas compared in the urban areas. Use
5% level of significance.
Problem:

𝐻0 :

𝐻𝑎 :

Statistical Output extracted from MS Analysis Tool-Pak:

Rural Urban
Mean 10.11111111 12.55555556
Variance 24.11111111 30.27777778
Observations 9 9
Pooled Variance 27.19444444
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 16
t Stat -0.994366152
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.167422931
t Critical one-tail 1.745883676
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.334845862
t Critical two-tail 2.119905299

From the table above, answer the following: (5 points)

a. Direction of the test: _______________
b. T-statistics : ______________
c. P-value: ____________
d. Critical Value : ___________
e. Decision: (Put an “X” mark)
Reject Ho: _______ Accept Ho: _______
f. Discuss the results using critical value approach: (3 points)