Elasticity Theory Exam

Module/vakcode: MOD06 202000133 – Product Design: Elasticity

Lecturer: Stefan Luding
Time: 08:45 – 11:45
Date: 20-12-2021
Exam type: Open book
Permitted examination materials: Calculator + formula sheet
Total points: 100

1 True stress tensor [30 points]

The component
 matrixof the stress tensor is given as:
300 200 0
  
σij = 200 100 100 MPa


0 100 300
a) Sketch the given stress tensor on the surface of a cube.
b) Calculate the principal stresses (eigenvalues) of the stress tensor, given that one of them is 300MPa.
c) Give the value of the maximum shear stress.
d) Compute the principal directions of the stress tensor.
e) Determine the deviatoric stress tensor.
f) Calculate the 1st, 2nd and 3rd invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor.
g) Calculate the von-Mises and Tresca equivalent stress.
What are they based on? Which equivalent stress criterion is safer? And why?

2 Equilibrium [20 points]

Components of the displacement vector ~u =(ux , uy , uz ) are given as:

ux = c x2 + 10[m2 ] ,


(2.1)
uy = 2cyz, (2.2)
uz = c −xy + z 2 ,


(2.3)

where c is 10−4 [m−1 ] and [m] is the unit of length (meter).

a) Find the components of the linear strain tensor εij .
b) Evaluate the strain components at point P0 with the coordinates (x0 , y0 , z0 ) = (0, 2, 1).
c) Compute the stress tensor at point P0 for a material with Young’s modulus E = 2GPa and ν = 0.2.

1
3 Failure criteria [20 points]
A beam of 1m long rectangular cross section 60mm×100mm with material properties of E = 200MPa and
ν = 0.2 is subjected to an axial tensile load of 60kN.
a) Calculate its total stored elastic energy.
b) If the material of the beam fails in simple tension at a stress of 150[N/mm2 ], determine the maximum
shear force that can be applied to the beam section in a direction parallel to its longest side using the
Tresca and von-Mises theories of elastic failure.
c) If the material behaves as a viscous-like material with a viscous parameter of η = 10Pa.s, calculate its
total viscous energy when the load is applied fast within 0.1s, and slow within 10s.

4 Mohr’s circle [20 points]

An aluminum rod with a diameter of 0.5cm is pulled with a load of 2000N as shown in Fig.1.
(a) What are the applied stresses σxx , σyy , and σxy .
(b) Use Mohr’s circle to find the principal stresses, their direction, the maximum shear stress at point A
and its corresponding angle.
(c) Draw the original unrotated element (stress square 2d) and indicate stresses on the square. Draw the
rotated stress square in the eigen-system of this vector and indicate stresses on it.

Figure 1: An aluminium bar stretched along y-direction.

5 Material definitions [10 points]

1. Young’s modulus is defined as the ratio of:
(a) Volumetric stress and volumetric strain
(b) Stress perpendicular to the loading direction and strain perpendicular to the loading direction
(c) Stress along the loading direction and strain along the loading direction
(d) Shear stress to shear strain

2. Tensile strength of a material is obtained by dividing the maximum load during the test by the
(a) Area at the time of fracture
(b) Original cross-sectional area
(c) Average of (a) and (b)
(d) Minimum area after fracture
3. Elastic limit is the point:
(a) Up to which stress is proportional to strain
(b) At which elongation takes place without application of additional load
(c) Up to which if the load is removed, original volume and shapes are regained
(d) None of the mentioned

4. Strain is defined as the ratio of

(a) change in volume to original volume
(b) change in length to original length
(c) change in cross-sectional area to original cross-sectional area
(d) any one of the above

5. Hooke’s law holds good up to:

(a) yield point
(b) limit of proportionality
(c) breaking point
(d) elastic limit

6. The materials which have the same elastic properties in all directions are called:
(a) Isotropic
(b) Orthoropic
(c) Homogeneous
(d) Anisotropic

7. Materials having the same elastic properties in all directions are called
(a) ideal materials
(b) uniform materials
(c) isotropic materials
(d) elastic materials.

8. If the radius of a wire under tension (stretched by a load) is doubled, then its Young’s modulus will be
(a) doubled
(b) halved
(c) become four times
(d) remain unaffected.

9. A material which does not regain its original shape after removal of the load producing deformation is
said:
(a) Plastic
(b) Elastic
(c) Rigid
(d) None of the mentioned

10. What is the stress-strain curve?

(a) It is the percentage of stress and stain
(b) It is the relationship between stress and strain
(c) It is the difference between stress and strain
(d) None of the mentioned