NAME:__________________________________________

11
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter III – Week 4
The Tangent Line to the Graph
of a Function at a Point

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter III - Week 4: The Tangent Line to the Graph of a Function at a Point
First Edition, 2020

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Illustrator: Gaudelene Joy N. Dacuan-Barroma

Layout Artist: John Heart B. Barroma

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 Lesson 1
The Equation of the Tangent Line

MELCs:
1.Illustrate the tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point.
(STEM _BC11D-iiie-1)
2. Apply the definition of the derivative of a function at a given number.
(STEM _BC11D-iiie-2)
3. Relate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line.
(STEM _BC11D-iiie-3)
Objectives:
1. Define tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point.
2. Distinguish tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point.
3. Determine the standard equation of the tangent line.
4. Compute the derivative of a function at a given point.
5. Evaluate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read each problem carefully.Choose the correct answer by writing only the
letter on the space provided before each number.

_____1. Which of the following graphs shows tangent line to a curve at a point
intersecting the graph at exactly one point?

1
_____2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Secant line to a circle centered at the origin is a line intersecting the circle
at exactly one point.
B. Tangent line to a circle centered at the origin is a line intersecting the circle
at exactly one point.
C. A secant line to a circle is a line intersecting the circle at more than two
points.
D. A tangent line to a circle is a line intersecting the circle at more than one
point.

1
_____3. In the equation y-3= 5
( x + 2), what is the slope of the line?
1
A. 2 B. 1 c. D. 0
5

For numbers 4 to 6, use f(x)= 1+2x + x2 at x = -2.

_____4. What is the value of f(xₒ) or yₒ ?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

_____5. What is the slope of the tangent line?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. -2

_____6 . Which of the following is the equation of the tangent line?

A. y= 2x + 3 B. y = -2x - 3 C. y = 3 D. y = 2

For numbers 7 to 9, use the given f(x)= √ 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 at x= -1 .

_____7. What is the valueof xₒ ?
A. -3 B. -2 C. -1 D. 0

_____8. Which of the following is the slope of the tangent line?

−1 −2 −3 −4
A. 2√8
B. 3√8
C. 2√5
D. 3√5

_____9. What is the equation of the tangent line?

−3𝑥 7 3𝑥 5 2𝑥 2𝑥
A. y= 2√5
+ 2√5
B. y = +
2√8 √8
C. y = − 3 D. y=
√8 3√8

2
_____10. Given f(x)= 6x2 -5x + 1, what is f ‘ ( 3
)?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

2
 Have you experienced riding a bike?
Mr. De Leon rides a bicycle to go to his friend.
The wheels are, of course, circle. The spokes are
radii, and the surface of the ground is a tangent
line.The point where each wheel touches the
ground is a point of tangency. And the most
important thing-what the theorem tells you- is
that the radius that goes to the point of
tangency is perpendicular to the tangent line.

(Illustrated by Gaudelene Joy N. Dacuan-Barroma)

The Tangent Line: Formal Definition

Unlocking of
Difficulties
Tangent Line is a
line that intersects a
circle at exactly one
point.Tangent lines
are perpendicular to
the radius of the
circle at the point of
tangency.

If the sequence of secant lines in the graph of y= f(x)

through P approaches one limiting position ( in consideration of
points Q to the left and from the right of P), then we define this
line to be the tangent line to y= f(x)at P.

3
Definition:

Let C be the graph of a continuous function y=f(x) and let P be a point on C.

1. A Secant Line to y=f(x) through P is any line connecting P and another point Q on
C.
2. The Tangent Line to y= f(x) at P is the limiting position of all secant lines 𝑃𝑄 as
Q→ 𝑃.

The precise definition of a tangent line relies on the notion of a secant line.

Recall:

SLOPE OF A LINE:
A line L passing through distinct points (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) and (𝑥, 𝑦) has slope:

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦
Slope = =
𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝒚−𝒚𝟎
ML =
𝒙−𝒙𝟎

POINT–SLOPE FORM:

The line passing through (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) with slope m has the equation:
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟎 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )

EQUATION OF THE TANGENT LINE

To find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at the point 𝑃(𝑥0, , 𝑦0 ), follows
this 2-step process:
1. Get the slope of the tangent line by computing:
𝑦−𝑦ₒ 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
m= lim or m= lim
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ 𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ

2. Substitute this value of m and the coordinates of the known point 𝑃(𝑥0, , 𝑦0 ) into the
point-slope form to get 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )

Note: Slope-intercept form: 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃

4
Examples: Find the equation of a line to the function f(x) at the given point.

FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS
1. f(x)= x2 at x=2 Step 1
Given:
If f(x)=x2, xₒ=2,
then y0 or f(xₒ)=f(2)=x2= 2(2)= 4

𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
m = lim 𝑥−𝑥ₒ
𝑥→2

x2 −4
m= lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

(𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
m = lim 𝑥−2
cancel x-2
𝑥→2

m = lim (𝑥 + 2)
𝑥→2

m=2+2=𝟒

Step 2:
Equation of the tangent line

𝑦 − 𝑦ₒ = 𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥ₒ )
𝑦 − 4 = 4(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 8 + 4
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 4

2. y= 2x2 -12x +19 at the point (3,1) Step 1:

Given: If y=2x2 -12x +19, (3,1) where
x0 = 3 and y0 = 1
𝑦−𝑦ₒ
m = lim 𝑥−𝑥ₒ
𝑥→3

(2x2 −12x+19)−1
m= lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−3

2𝑥 2 −12𝑥+18
m = lim
𝑥→3 𝑥−3

2(𝑥 2 −6𝑥+9)
m = lim
𝑥→3 𝑥−3

2(𝑥−3)(𝑥−3)
m = lim cancel x-3
𝑥→3 𝑥−3

m = lim 2 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑥→3

m = 2(3 − 3) = 𝟎

5
 Step 2:
Equation of the tangent line:

𝑦 − 𝑦ₒ = 𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥ₒ )
𝑦 − 1 = 0(𝑥 − 3)
𝒚=𝟏
𝟓
3. f(x)= √𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 at x=𝟑 Step 1:
𝟓
Given: If f(x)= √3𝑥 − 1 , x0 =𝟑
then y0 or f(x0)= √3𝑥 − 1
5 𝟓
f(3) =√3(𝟑 ) − 1
5
f(3) =√5 − 1
𝟓
f( ) =√4 = 2
𝟑

𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
m =lim5 𝑥−𝑥ₒ
𝑥→
3

(√3𝑥−1)−2
m = lim5 5
𝑥→ 𝑥−
3 3

√3𝑥−1−2 √3𝑥−1 +2
m=lim5 ( 5 ).( )rationalize the
𝑥→ 𝑥− √3𝑥−1+2
3 3

numerator

(3x−1)−4
m=lim5 5
𝑥→ (𝑥−3)(√3𝑥−1+2)
3

3x−5
m=lim5 5
𝑥→ (𝑥−3)(√3𝑥−1+2)
3
5
3(x− ) 5
m=lim5 5
3
cancel x-3
𝑥→ (𝑥−3)(√3𝑥−1+2)
3

3
m=lim5
𝑥→ (√3𝑥−1)+2
3

3 𝟑
m= =
5 𝟒
(√3( )−1)+2
3

Step 2:
Equation of the tangent line:
𝑦 − 𝑦ₒ = 𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥ₒ )
3 5
𝑦−2 = (𝑥− )
4 3
3 5
𝑦= 𝑥− + 2
4 4
𝟑 𝟑
𝒚= 𝒙 +
𝟒 𝟒

6
 Definition of the Derivative
Let f be a function defined on an open interval I ⊆ ℝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥ₒ ∈ 𝐼 . The
derivative of f at xₒ is defined to be
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
f '(x) = lim
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ

if this limit exists. That is , the derivative of f at x0 is the slope of the tangent line at
( x0, f(x0) ), if it exists.

Notations:
If y = f(x), the derivative of f is commonly denoted by
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
f'(x), Dx [𝑓(𝑥)] , [𝑓(𝑥)] , [𝑦] ,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Examples: Evaluate the derivatives for the following functions:

FUNCTIONS SOLUTIONS
1. f(x)= x2 + 1; f ' (2) Given:
If f(x)= x2 + 1, then
f(2)= (2)2 + 1
f(2)= 5 or f(xₒ)=5

𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
f’(x) = lim
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ

(𝑥 2 +1)−5
f’(2)=lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

𝑥 2 −4
f’(2) =lim Factor x2 -4
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

(𝑥−2)(𝑥+2)
f’(2)=lim 𝑥−2
cancel x-2
𝑥→2

f’(2)=lim(x+2)
𝑥→2

f’(2 = 2 + 2 = 4

The slope of the tangent line is 4.

𝒙 𝒙
2. f’(x)= 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
; f ‘ (2) Given: If f(x)= then
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝟐
f(2)= 𝟐(𝟐)+𝟏

2 2
f(2)= 5 or f(x0)= 5

7
 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
f’(x) = lim
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ

𝑥 2
( )−
f’(2) = lim 2𝑥+1 5
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

5𝑥−2(2𝑥+1)
( )
f’(2) = lim 5(2𝑥+1)
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

5𝑥−4𝑥−2
5(2𝑥+1)
f’(2) = lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

(𝑥−2)
( )
f’(2) = lim 5(2𝑥+1)
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

𝑥−2 1
f’(2) = lim( 5(2𝑥+1)) .(𝑥−2 ) cancel x-2
𝑥→2

1
f”(2) = lim 5(2𝑥+1)
𝑥→2

1 1
f’(2) = =
5[(2)(2)+1] 25

𝟏
The slope of the tangent line is 𝟐𝟓

(Source: Jose Maria P. Balmaceda,Ph.D et al., Basic Calculus, Teaching Guide for Senior
High School, First Edition Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education,
2016,91-115.)

Directions: Fill in the table by completing the needed values.

Function xₒ f(xₒ) or yₒ

1) f(x)= x2 -3x + 1 at x=1

2) f(x)= x3 +8 at x=-2
5𝑥 2
3) f(x)= -3 at x=-1
2

4) f(x)= 2x2-3x+4 at x=5

5) f(x)= √𝑥 + 2 at x=4

8
Directions: Determine the slope of the line tangent to the given function at point
x.
Functions Slope of the tangent line

1) f(x)= 2x2 +x -1; f ‘ (1)

2) f(x)= 2-x3 ; f ‘ (-1)

𝑥
3) f(x)= ; f ‘(-3)
2𝑥−1

4) f(x)= 3x2-2x+1 ; f ‘( -2)

5) f(x)= x2 + 3 ; f ‘ (-1)

Directions: Find the equation of the line tangent to the given function at point x and
determine its slope.

Equation of the
Slope of the tangent
Functions tangent line(slope-
line
intercept form)
1) f(x)= x2 -3x + 1 at x=1

2) f(x)= x3 +8 at x=-2

5𝑥 2
3) f(x)= - at x=-1
2 3

4) f(x)= 2x2-3x+4 at x=5

5) f(x)= √𝑥 + 2 at x=4

9
Directions:Compute the derivatives of the given functions.Show your solutions. Write
your answer on the space provided.

Functions Solutions
1. f(x)= x3 -1 ; f ‘(2) f ‘(x) = lim
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ f ‘(2)=__________________
f ‘(2)= __________________
f ‘(2)= _________________
f ‘(2)= __________________
f ‘(2)= _________________

2. f(x)= √𝑥 + 8 ; f ‘( 1)
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
f '(x) = lim
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ
f ‘(1) =__________________
f ‘(1) =_______________
f ‘(1) =__________________
f ‘(1) =_______________
f ‘(1) =__________________

f ‘(1) =__________________

How do you compute the derivatives of a function?

Directions: Match column A with column B. Select the correct answer and write the
corresponding letter on the box provided below.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
A. Given: f(x)= 2-3x + x2 at x=-1 L = -1
1. Find f(xo) or yo X=2
P:y = -5x + 1
2. Find xo. S=6
A =-3
3. What is the slope of the tangent line? O = -5
3
E=
2
4. What is the equation of the tangent line?
N:y = -2x + 3
C=4
B. Given: f(x)= √𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓 at x=2 B:y = 1x/5 + 2
5. Find f ‘(2).

DECODER

1 2 3 4 5

10
 Directions: Complete the statement below by choosing the correct equation at the
right. Write your answer inside the box provided.

I promise to keep in mind

everything what

CHOICES

𝑦−𝑦ₒ 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥ₒ)
m = lim or =𝑚 = lim
𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ 𝑥→𝑥ₒ 𝑥−𝑥ₒ

𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )

Directions: Read each problem carefully.Choose the correct answer by writing only the
letter on the space provided before each number.
_____1. Which of the following graphs shows tangent line to a curve at a point
intersecting the graph at exactly one point?

11
 References
Book

Balmaceda, Jose Maria P.Ph.D, Carlene Perpetua P. Arceo, Ph.D, Richard S.

Lemence, Ph.D, Oreste M. Ortega Jr.M.Sc., and Louie John D. Vallejo.
Basic Calculus Teacher’s Guide. Quezon City: Commission on Higher
Education, 2016.
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