A PLACE IN THE SHADE OF TREES

MTHUNZINI COMMUNITY HOSPICE FOR MAMELODI

“Inquiry is the creaƟon of knowledge or understanding; it is the reaching out of a

human being beyond himself to a percepƟon of what he may be or could be, or what the
world could or should be.” (CHURCHMAN. 1971: 3)

SUBMITTED AS PART REQUIREMENT FOR MArch(Prof)

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

THE UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA

SOUTH AFRICA

HAYLEY THEA ROBERTS - 29065357

STUDY LEADER: MARGA VILJOEN

© University of Pretoria
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

THIS THESIS IS DEDICATED TO MY FATHER

CHARLES WARREN ROBERTS

WHO PUSHED ME TO FINISH

I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK

MY LOVING FIANCÉE, PHILIP GEORGE ITTMANN, FOR BEING MY SUPPORT

MY MOM, INGRID ROBERTS, WHO WAS ALWAYS THERE WHEN I NEEDED HER

RODNEY HARBER FOR BEING MY MENTOR, GUIDE AND INSPIRATION THROUGHOUT THE LAST 6 YEARS

NICOLAS FROM LIFE HOSPITALS FOR ALL HIS INVALUABLE ASSISTANCE AND SACRIFICING HIS TIME TO SHOW
ME AROUND

AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST MARGA VILJOEN FOR HELPING ME STAY POSITIVE

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 ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Our society is one in which death has become a predominant influencing factor of our social context,
with the dramaƟc rise in AIDS related deaths. Yet the insƟtuƟons that accommodate the terminally ill or
the dying, have become stale, clinical and mechanical in both their architecture and their processes. This
thesis proposes to re-address the physical environment of hospital and clinical architecture that facilitate
the process of dying. The design of this Hospice and EducaƟonal Facility aims to reintroduce life within
the architecture through the embodiment of movement, visual interest, meaning, memory, choice and
integraƟon.

The project is located within the Mamelodi community along the Eastern edge of the Pienaar River,
bordering a green space. The Mamelodi community is vibrant and rich, filled with self-expression and
opportuniƟes, and despite its impoverished services and urban fabric it provides the perfect plaƞorm for
such a facility. Especially when combined with the indomitable spirit of the people who live there. The
Project integrates with and serves the immediate context of Mamelodi. Through the faciliƟes provision of
funcƟons - including hospice and outpaƟent funcƟons, educaƟon, interacƟon, architectural language, as
well as the community-accessible permaculture garden and redeveloped green space.

OPSOMMING

Met die drasƟese stygings in vigsverwante sterŌes het die dood ‘n wesenlike invloed op ons sosiale
verwysingsraamwerk geword. Ten spyte hiervan word die argitektuur en funksionering van instellings
waar die sterwingsproses begelei word, as klinies, onpersoonlik en meganisƟes beskou en ervaar.
Hierdie verhandeling beoog om die meganisƟese en kliniese ervaring van sterwensbegeleiding in ‘n
hospitaalomgewing te verander deur die ontwerp van ‘n hospice en opvoedkundige instelling. Die doel
hiervan is om ‘n argitektoniese taal te skep wat beweging, visuele verbeelding, doelgerigtheid, keuse en
integrasie verpersoonlik.

Die gekose terrein vir hierdie projek is geleë in die ‘ou’ Mamelodi-gemeenskap, langs ‘n sytak van die
Pienaarsrivier en aangrensend aan ‘n gesoneerde ‘groen’ sone. Die Mamelodi- gemeenskap is kleurryk
en opwindend, wat die ideale platvorm vir ontwikkeling bied: die huidige lae vlakke van dienslewering en
infrastruktuur, gekombineer met die ontembare gees van die inwoners bied ‘n gulde geleentheid hiervoor.
Aan die een kant sal die projek met die omliggende en wyer gemeenskap van Mamelodi integreer en aan die
ander kant sal dit die gemeenskap met nuwe fasiliteite voorsien, naamlik ‘n hospice, buite-pasiëntdienste,
geleenthede vir opleiding en interaksie, ‘n herontwikkelde ‘groen’-ruimte, asook ‘n toeganklike tuin (wat
ekologies selfonderhoudend is) vir die gemeenskap se gebruik.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LISTOFFIGURES ix


CHAPTER1ͲINTRODUCTION 1


CHAPTER2ͲPROJECTBRIEF 5
 

 2.1ProblemStatement 7
 2.2Hypothesis 7
 2.3Aims&objectives 7
 2.4Delimitations 7
 2.5Definitions 7
 2.6ClientProfile 8
 2.7UserProfile 8
 2.8TheSite 8
 2.9Accommodation 8
 2.10ArialPhotooftheSite 9
 2.11AccommodationSchedule 10


CHAPTER3ͲTHEORETICALDISCOURSE 13
 

 3.1Introduction 15
 3.2Memory 15
 3.3Recognition 16
 3.4TheHospiceMovement 16
 3.5TheAcquisitionofsignificance 17
 3.6Choice 18
 3.7SharingWithOthers 18
 3.8InSummary 19
 3.9BecomingArchitectural 19
 3.10TheoreticalPrecedentStudy 21
 3.11TheoreticalPrecedentSummary 29
 

CHAPTER4ͲCONTEXTUALANALYSIS 31
 

 4.1TheHistoryofMamelodi 33
 4.2TheBuildingofMamelodi 35
 4.3MamelodiToday 36
 

CHAPTER5ͲMAMELODIFRAMEWORK 39
 

CHAPTER6ͲSITEANALYSIS 45
 

 6.1TheSite 47
 6.2TheHeritageoftheSite 47
 6.3TheCommunity 49
 6.4SiteAnalysis 50
 6.5S.W.O.T.Analysis 51
 

CHAPTER7ͲPRECEDENTSTUDY 53
 

 7.1SowetoHospice 55
 7.2IngwavumaOrphanCare 56
 7.3WheatsheafHouse 58
 7.4AvenellHouse 58
 7.5CommercialBuilding3555 59
 7.6StateEmergencyHeadquarters 59
 7.7SheepStable 60
 7.8PrecedentStudySummary 61

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CHAPTER8ͲCONCEPTUALDEVELOPMENT 63
 

 8.1Methodology 65
 8.2DesignInformants 65
 8.3TheHeartoftheCommunity 65
 8.4TheProcessofDying 66
 8.5DesireLines&SocialSpaces 66
 8.6ConceptualthinkingderivedfromTheoreticalDiscourse 67
 8.7MthunziniͲTheContextandHeritageoftheSite 67
 8.8TechnicalandDesignConcept 67
 

CHAPTER9ͲDESIGNDEVELOPMENT 69
 

 9.1BridgingtheConcept 71
 9.2TheFunctionsandFlowofMovement 71
 9.3TheProcess 73
 9.4CreatingaJuxtaposition 78
 9.5TheDesign 82
 

CHAPTER10ͲTECHNICALINVESTIGATION 95
 

 10.1BridgingtheConceptͲTechnologicalAesthetic 97
 10.2Materiality 97
 10.3Sustainability 98
 10.4StructuralSystems 102
 10.5CreatingConnections 104
 10.6Services 108
 

CHAPTER11ͲCONCLUSION 113


REFRENCESͲBIBLIOGRAPHY 117

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 LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 2 - PROJECT BRIEF
Fig. 1 AerialPhotooftheSite(GOOGLEEARTH2010)

CHAPTER 3 - THEORETICAL DISCOURSE

Fig. 2 AsketchdepictingaprisonerofinaPanopticon(BNETNoDate)
Fig. 3 Stethoscope(LAST.FMNoDate)
Fig. 4 MamelodiStoriesͲOutreach(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 5 MamelodiStoriesͲPrayerforthesickandelderly(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 6 Hardmineralmatter,hardlines,hardcorners,repetitiveunambiguousform.(LINN0100.NoDate)
Fig. 7 MamelodiStoriesͲHope(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 8 MamelodiStoriesͲCryingOut(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 9 MamelodiStoriesͲMemory(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 10 MamelodiStoriesͲFamily(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 11 PalmachMuseumofHistoryͲdetailofconcreteandlimestonewalls(PHAIDON2008:61)
Fig. 12 PalmachMuseumofHistoryͲOpenAirAuditoriumDetail(PHAIDON2008:61)
Fig. 13 PalmachMuseumofHistoryͲOpenAirAuditorium(PHAIDON2008:61)
Fig. 14 PalmachMuseumofHistoryͲSouthernFacade(PHAIDON2008:61)
Fig. 15 PalmachMuseumofHistoryͲSouthernFacade(PHAIDON2008:61)
Fig. 16 TesquisquiapanRanchͲMainEntrancetoCantilevered(PHAIDON2008:694)
Fig. 17 TesquisquiapanRanchͲViewAcrossRoofDeck(PHAIDON2008:694)
Fig. 18 TesquisquiapanRanchͲSectionandSitePlan(PHAIDON2008:694)
Fig. 19 TesquisquiapanRanchͲViewofRanchfromSouthWest(PHAIDON2008:694)
Fig. 20 BOHVisitorsCentreͲMetalwork&TimberScreen(PHAIDON2008:212)
Fig. 21 BOHVisitorsCentreͲViewalongEastFacade(PHAIDON2008:212)
Fig. 22 UFSoftR&DCentreͲOfficeInterior(PHAIDON2008:101)
Fig. 23 UFSoftR&DCentreͲMainEntrance&SecondCourtyard(PHAIDON2008:101)
Fig. 24 ClarenceFamilyDayCareOfficesͲNorthFacade(PHAIDON2008:48)
Fig. 25 ClarenceFamilyDayCareOfficesͲDetailofFibreCementSheeting(PHAIDON2008:48)
Fig. 26 MusacMuseumͲViewTowardsLobbyfromCourtyard(PHAIDON2008:371)
Fig. 27 MusacMuseumͲRhythm&Pattern(PHAIDON2008:371)
Fig. 28 Prayer&MeditationPavilionͲViewfromNorth(PHAIDON2008:590)
Fig. 29 Prayer&MeditationPavilionͲPavilionSurroundedbySquareWaterPool(PHAIDON2008:590)
Fig. 30 Prayer&MeditationPavilionͲSection&Plan(PHAIDON2008:590)
Fig. 31 Prayer&MeditationPavilionͲInteriorViewShowingBambooCeiling(PHAIDON2008:590)
Fig. 32 Prayer&MeditationPavilionͲViewofInterior(PHAIDON2008:590)
Fig. 33 ChapelofLightͲEntranceCourtyard(PHAIDON2008:603)
Fig. 34 ChapelofLightͲMainTower(PHAIDON2008:603)
Fig. 35 ChapelofLightͲChapelInterior(PHAIDON2008:603)
Fig. 36 ChapelofLightͲEntranceCourtyard(PHAIDON2008:603)
Fig. 37 ChapelofLightͲViewfromSouthWest(PHAIDON2008:603)
Fig. 38 TamaArtUniversityLibraryͲInternalStaircase(PHAIDON2008:173)
Fig. 39 TamaArtUniversityLibraryͲLibraryInterior(PHAIDON2008:173)
Fig. 40 TamaArtUniversityLibraryͲEntranceFoyer(PHAIDON2008:173)
Fig. 41 NelsonMandelaInterpretationCentreͲElevations(DECKLER,GRAUPNER,RASMUSS2006:49)
Fig. 42 NelsonMandelaInterpretationCentreͲExternalView(DECKLER,GRAUPNER,RASMUSS2006:49)
Fig. 43 NelsonMandelaInterpretationCentreͲInternalView(DECKLER,GRAUPNER,RASMUSS2006:49)
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CHAPTER 4 - CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Fig. 44 MamelodiStoriesͲInformalsettlement(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 45 MamelodiStoriesͲInformalSettlementwiththeMagaliesbergFoothillsintheBackground(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 46 1870AreaMapofVlakfonteinFarm(WALKER,J.&VANDERWAAL,G.1991:3)
Fig. 47 MamelodiEastStreetScene(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 48 1961PlansforMamelodi(WALKER,J.&VANDERWAAL,G.1991:8)
Fig. 49 ModifiedArialPhotoofMamelodiShowingMainInfrustructure(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 50 MamelodiStoriesͲPortraitwithPatternedBrickworkinBackground(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 51 MamelodiWestStreetScene(CLENDENIN16/07/2010)
Fig. 52 MamelodiStoriesͲChildrenPlayingwithaShoppingTrolley(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 53 MamelodiStoriesͲChild’sPortrait(CLENDENIN2010)
Fig. 54 MamelodiWestInformalTrading(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 55 ModifiedMamelodiWardMapsHighlightingExistingServices(BYAUTHOR)

CHAPTER 5 - MAMELODI FRAMEWORK

Fig. 56 ModifiedWardMapDepictingNodesforPropossedLinearNodalDevelopmentFramework(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 57 FrameworkͲNode1(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 58 FrameworkͲNode1Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 59 FrameworkͲNode2(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 60 FrameworkͲNode2Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 61 FrameworkͲNode3(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 62 FrameworkͲNode3Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 63 FrameworkͲNode4(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 64 FrameworkͲNode4Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 65 FrameworkͲNode5Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 66 FrameworkͲNode5(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 67 FrameworkͲNode6Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 68 FrameworkͲNode6(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 69 FrameworkͲNode7Sketches(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 70 FrameworkͲNode7(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 71 LinearNodalDevelopmentFrameworkforMamelodiͲAbstractPlan(BYAUTHOR)

CHAPTER 6 - SITE ANALYSIS

Fig. 72 TheSiteͲTribalOfficesonNorthStreetEdge(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 73 TheSiteͲSeatingAreaonNorthStreetEdge(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 74 PhotoofParkontheWesternEdgeoftheSiteDowntoRiver(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 75 RelationalLocationMapsfromNationaltoNodalScale(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 76 MapofCommunityFunctions&Greenspacesin&AroundtheSite(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 77 StreetViewofSOSChildrensVillage(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 78 PhotoofParkingfortheuBuntuComplex(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 79 StreetPhotoofMamelodiIslamicCentre(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 80 StreetPhotoofBuildingYardAccrossfromSite(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 81 SeriesofPhotosfromSouthernEdgeofSite(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 82 Series of Photos of the Northern Edge of the Site Showing Tribal Ofices, Garage Shops & Existing ‘Shopping Centre’ & Tavern
(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 83 MapoftheSite(BYAUTHOR)
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 Fig. 84 MapDepictingExistingWallsandFences(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 85 MapDepictingExistingPermanentBuildings(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 86 MapDepictingExistingCommunityFunctions(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 87 MapDepictingExistingTemporaryBuildings(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 88 MapDepictingExistingDesireLinesorPedestrianRoutes(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 89 PanaoramatakenfromtheSouthoftheSiteLookingNorth(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 90 MapDepictingExistingGreenspace(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 91 PhotofromSouthofSitelookingNorth(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 92 MapDepictingExistingRiver&Trees(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 93 PhotofromSouthofSiteLookingNorth(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 94 MapDepictingExisting1mContours(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 95 PhotofromSouthofSiteLookingTowardsBorderingRoad(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 96 SeriesofPhotosfromSouthoftheSiteLookingNorthwards(BYAUTHOR)

CHAPTER 7 - PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Fig. 97 SowetoHospiceͲViewofHospicefromParking(F.C.B.S.2008:17)
Fig. 98 SowetoHospiceͲInteriorofAdultWard(F.C.B.S.2008:19)
Fig. 99 SowetoHospiceͲInteriorofPaediatricWard(F.C.B.S.2008:18)
Fig. 100 SowetoHospiceͲPlan(F.C.B.S.2008:17)
Fig. 101 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel.(F.C.B.S.2008:49)
Fig. 102 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:49)
Fig. 103 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:49)
Fig. 104 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:50)
Fig. 105 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:49)
Fig. 106 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:50)
Fig. 107 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:50)
Fig. 108 IngwavumaHospiceͲPlan(F.C.B.S.2008:46)
Fig. 109 IngwavumaHospiceͲDesignModel(F.C.B.S.2008:49)
Fig. 110 WheatsheafHouseShowingContext(PHAIDON2008:22)
Fig. 111 WheatsheafHouseInteriorView(PHAIDON2008:22)
Fig. 112 AvenellHouseͲSideElevation(PHAIDON2008:22)
Fig. 113 AvenellHouseͲScreenswithintheBuidlingContext(PHAIDON2008:22)
Fig. 114 CommercialBuilding3555ͲInteriorCeiling(PHAIDON2008:635)
Fig. 115 CommercialBuilding3555ͲGlassDetail(PHAIDON2008:635)
Fig. 116 StateEmergencyServicesHeadquartersͲFracturedFacade(PHAIDON2008:29)
Fig. 117 StateEmergencyServicesHeadquartersͲViewfromStreet(PHAIDON2008:29)
Fig. 118 StateEmergencyServicesHeadquartersͲFracturing,ColourUse(PHAIDON2008:29)
Fig. 119 SheepStableͲInternalLinearView(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)
Fig. 120 SheepStableͲLightingDetail(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)
Fig. 121 SheepStableͲExternalView(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)
Fig. 122 SheepStableͲInternalView&ClerestoryWindowDetail(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)
Fig. 123 SheepStableͲExternalCladdingDetail(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)

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CHAPTER 8 - CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Fig. 124 Figuredepictingtherelocationofex.Functions(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 125 Spiderdiagram/sketchoftheheartofthecommunity(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 126 Spiderdiagramandsketchesofdesigninformantsandtheirinfluenceonconcept(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 127 Sketchoftheprocessofdeathdesigninformant(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 128 MapdepictingDesirelines(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 129 MapdepictingSocialSpace(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 130 DesignConceptSketch(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 131 SketchofMthunzini‘intheshadeoftrees’(BYAUTHOR)

CHAPTER 9 - DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Fig. 132 DesignConceptSketch(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 133 Acaregiverbathesapatientrecievinghomebasedcare(NACHWEY,J.2010:96)
Fig. 134 FunctionalRelationshipDiagram(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 135 OriginalProposalͲJuneͲSacredSpacediagram(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 136 OriginalProposalͲJuneͲAxisdiagram(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 137 OriginalProposalͲJuneͲproposednewbuildingsdiagram(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 138 OriginalProposalͲJuneͲModelofFacilityinContext(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 139 DiagramofBuildingsbeingretained(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 140 Diagramofproposednewbuildings(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 141 Diagramofsacredspace(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 142 Diagramofcourtyardspaces(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 143 Diagramofaxes(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 144 Diagramofcommunityactivity(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 145 StructuralmodelthroughthehospicewingͲexternalofward(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 146 StructuralmodelthroughthehospicewingͲInternalofward(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 147 StructuralmodelthroughthehospicewingͲexternal(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 148 Studyofcourtyardsandsacredspaces1(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 149 Studyofcourtyardsandsacredspaces2(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 150 Sketchplanshowingzoningoffunctions(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 151 Structuralbaymodelphoto1(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 152 Roughsketchplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 153 Structuralbaymodelphoto2(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 154 Sketchplanwithexternalcirculation(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 155 Sketchplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 156 Structuralbaymodelphoto3(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 157 Sketchplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 158 Finalsketchplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 159 ConceptsketchͲclerestorylighting(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 160 ConceptsketchͲspacialflow(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 161 ConceptsketchͲform(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 162 ConceptsketchesͲdevelopmentofform(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 163 ConceptSketch(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 164 structuralmodelthroughthehospicewingͲsideon(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 165 ConceptSketchofdifferingconditionsthroughthebuilding(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 166 structuralmodelthroughthehospicewingͲcurvedIbeams(BYAUTHOR)
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Fig. 167 PrecedentͲWheatsheafHouse(PHAIDON2008:22)
Fig. 168 PrecedentͲAvenellHouse(PHAIDON2008:22)
Fig. 169 3DrenderingofHospiceWing(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 170 FunctionsplanͲgroundfloor(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 171 FunctionsplanͲfirstandsubfloorplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 172 3drenderofsiteͲSouthWest(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 173 3drenderofsiteͲSouthSouthWest(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 174 3drenderofsitewithouttreesͲNorthEast(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 175 3drenderofsiteͲNorthwest(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 176 3drenderͲhospicebuilding(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 177 GroundfloorplanͲhospice(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 178 3drenderͲpaediatriccourtyard(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 179 GroundfloorplanͲpaediatricbuilding(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 180 3drenderͲreceptionͲhalljunction(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 181 GroundfloorplanͲreceptionandoutpatients(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 182 3drenderͲcourtyardview(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 183 GroundfloorplanͲservicesandstaffcourtyard(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 184 3drenderͲofficeandreception(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 185 FirstfloorplanͲoffices(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 186 3drenderͲhospicecourtyard(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 187 FirstfloorplanͲofficesandstaffroom(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 188 3drenderͲeducationalcourtyard(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 189 GroundfloorplanͲHallsetupforsport(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 190 GroundfloorplanͲHallsetupforanexhibition(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 191 GroundfloorplanͲHallsetupforanevent(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 192 3dRenderͲHallentranceandthreshold(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 193 GroundfloorplanͲHallsetupforconventionalseating(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 194 3drenderͲOutdooreducationandseatingarea(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 195 GroundfloorplanͲClassrooms(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 196 3drenderͲeducationalcourtyard(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 197 GroundfloorplanͲconferencecentre&educationalcourtyard(BYAUTHOR)

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CHAPTER 10 - TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Fig. 198 Hydraformblocks(HYDRAFORM2010)
Fig. 199 FormDecking(SANTEFEFARMERSMARKETNoDate)
Fig. 200 Woodensiding(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)
Fig. 201 InternalWeaving(WORLDBUILDINGDIRECTORY2009)
Fig. 202 Winblockwindowframe(WINBLOCKNoDate)
Fig. 203 Curvedcorrugatedsheeting(HADLEYGROUPNoDate)
Fig. 204 Solarandventilationstudy(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 205 Groundfloorplanhospicebuildings(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 206 PermacultureGarden(CSUSTANnodate)
Fig. 207 Childrenlearningthejoysofagriculture(SASIXnodate)
Fig. 208 Planofthepermaculturegardensandeducationfacilities(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 209 StructuralmodelͲInternalview(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 210 Primarystructuraldrawing(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 211 StructuralmodelͲsideview(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 212 StructuralmodelͲexternalview(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 213 SectionAͲA(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 214 DetailA(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 215 DetailB(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 216 SectionBͲB(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 217 DetailC(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 218 SectionCͲC(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 219 SectionDͲD(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 220 DetailD(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 221 FirstfloorͲfireplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 222 GroundfloorͲfireplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 223 GroundfloorͲcateringplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 224 GroundfloorͲwasteplan(BYAUTHOR)
Fig. 225 GroundfloorͲdrainageplan(BYAUTHOR)

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