Symmetrical component of a fault

You will now understand why symmetrical components in power are such a great tool.
Moreover, you will also understand how complex some power schemes can be. Keep
reading and pay attention to the pictures.
This facility has 12 feeders (also called collectors) and is lined up to feed AWS, Meta,
Google, and Microsoft data centers. I took a random screenshot of some feeders, but I
want you to focus solely on feeder 3.
During normal conditions, feeder 3 maximum production is 419A. See top left figure.
The adjacent feeders are also showing 334 and 291A. The first line of protection is their
respective relays/breakers.
A fault happened somewhere in the feeder. However, due to high complexity of this
facility, they have to rely on the relay to remove those faults. See the top right picture.
But HOLD ON! Are you noticing something??? The nominal current is 419A. The fault's
highest current is 320A. What the heck? No, the fault current is below the nominal
running current.
Suppose you tell the relay to remove current when I > 419A, then the relay will never
protect the equipment when there is a fault. The fault current is 320A, much below
419A.
Suppose you tell the relay to remove current when I > 320A; then, you will never be
able to run the feeder at maximum conditions. Hence you will lose money.
What a Freaking Dilemma! Welcome to Symmetrical Component!
Now, the bottom right picture shows you the same fault condition, but now on a X Y Z
coordinate analogy, what the other geniuses call symmetrical components 1 2 0. Now,
we have only one current called I with 3 coordinates. Let's explore the coordinates ( I
will ignore the angles)
Coordinate 1 of I: 193A
Coordinate 2 of I: 175A
Coordinate 3 of I: 0A
Remember, when the current is Normal, we only have coordinated 1. Coordinates 2 and
3 are near zero; we can ignore them. For this feeder, in normal conditions, I1 = 419A.
Solution: I can ask my relay to look at Coordinate 2. If Coordinate 2 is much greater
than 0, then we must have a fault, and I need to TRIP.
Woah, that was easy.
If I run total production at 419A, the relay is set to trip at I2, much greater than 0.
because there is only I1, I will never lose production.
If that fault occurred, my relay sees that I2 is appearing, and it will remove the fault.
Problem solved: I can now protect without limiting total production.