SIG151 EN Col23

Advanced decision modeling with Decision
Model and Notation (DMN)
SIG151
Collection: 23
Material number: 50160940
Advanced Decision Modeling with DMN 1.2
Training agenda
– conducted onsite (1 day) or remotely (2 sessions for 4 hours)
Advanced modeling of decisions
9 am – Data usage and modeling concepts

• Transfer decision logic from BPMN to DMN
• Dealing with complexity
• Use of data objects
9:30 am – List iterations

• Multi instance decisions
• Hands-on exercise (multi instance decision)
Advanced creation of decision logic
11 am – Advanced logic [part 1]

• Functions in decisions
• Numeric functions
• Text functions
• Hands-on exercise (checking text and numerical values)
12 pm to 1 pm – LUNCH BREAK
1 am – Advanced logic [part 2]

• Functions in decisions
• Functions for date/time
• Use of literal expressions
• Hands-on exercise (calculate insurance premium)
• Forecast and usage
4:30 pm – End of the training
Copyright/Trademark
Dictionary and data modeling concepts
© 2022 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. | INTERNAL – SAP and Customers only 3
Complex data types
Complex data types
ඵ Contains relationships to other data types
ඵ Allows to summarize input data which have the same context
• Street (as text)

• Zip code (as number)
• Country (as enumeration)
Complex data types
ඵ Can even contain other complex data
ඵ Keeps a diagram with a lot of input data comprehensible
• Street (as text)

• Zip code (as number)
• Country (as enumeration)
• Address (as complex data type)
• Active contract? (as boolean)
• Age (as number)
• Customer status (as enumeration)
• Name (as text)
Dictionary usage: Complex (composed) data types
Dictionary usage: Business knowledge sources
ඵ Allows traceability
ඵ Ensures naming consistency
ඵ Enable impact analysis
Advanced decision logic modeling
– Multi instance decisions
Use cases for list iterations
The (currently) Consider all The first 5 people An order is valid, if

highest bid on an persons in will be awarded all its items are
auction manager position valid
Multi instance decisions
ඵ Input Data (simple or complex) must be a list

ඵ e.g., list of customers, orders, employees, products
ඵ Purpose: iteration over list values

ඵ Iteration is automatic, from top to bottom
ඵ Output can be single or complex type

ඵ If output has one column = single type
ඵ if output has multiple columns = complex type (e.g., name + age)
Multi instance decisions

How to work with multi-instance decisions?
Use Case: Sum up all numbers on a list, which are greater than 10
What happens with all the

checked values?
What needs to be checked for

each single value?
Choose the Input list for the

Multi Instance Decision
What list Input is needed?
Multi-instance decisions
Other forms
ඵ Can contain any number of decisions
ඵ Can be nested (e.g., list of lists)
Practical Exercise
Exercise: Executives for a
business flight
For a lot of managers and consultants, business flights are part of their daily job.
To prevent the company risk in case of an air crash, only a certain number of
executives are allowed to be on the same plane at the same time. The actual
allowed number depends on the destination.
Destination:
Middle East max. 1 executive
Europe no further restrictions
For all other countries max. 2 executives
Use the complex data type List of Travellers from the dictionary in combination
with a multi-instance decision to count all the executives on the list. Use the
simulation to check your result.
1 6
Advanced decision logic modeling:

Functions
– Useful functions for numeric data
Statistical functions for numeric lists
ඵ Analysis of numeric values, e.g., measurements
Arithmetical functions for numeric data
ඵ Calculation of different input data (input as well as result)
Arithmetical functions for numeric data
ඵ Comparison of calculated values

Functions
– Useful functions for text data
Functions for text
Parsing
ඵ Analysis of strings such as model codes or lading numbers for specific characters
Functions for text

Concatenating
ඵ Can be used to create dynamic (error) messages/hints
Functions for text
Validation
ඵ Can be used to validate text Inputs for further processing
Functions for text

Converting
ඵ Text can be split up to parse for specific characters
ඵ Use Number (string) to convert a part of a string to a number
Practical Exercise
Exercise: Functions on numbers

and text
A valid model code for a product consists of 7 digits. The first part defines the
product type, the second part determines the model number. The product type
consists of the first 2-3 digits and the model number correspondingly consists of
the last 5 or 4 digits. Was verstehen
E.g.: SPX1234 or U154321
Sie unter einem
Use a proper function to split the model number from the product type and show
them, together with the status as the result of the decision. Prozess?
• If the model code starts with SPX or EXP, the last 4 numbers are needed -
status is code valid.
• If the model code starts with U1 or U2, the last 5 numbers are needed –
status is code valid.
• If none of the codes hit or the code has not exactly 7 digits,
return -99 and code invalid.
2 7
Functions
– Useful functions for dates
Use cases for Date functions
ඵ Payment within 30 days of approved invoices
ඵ Inspection by 3 business days
ඵ Latest delivery after 3 days of an incoming order
ඵ All Orders which are older than 2 weeks
ඵ All applications of the last month
Manufacturing Scenario:
When does the next order of material have to be triggered? (Delivery
time, daily consumption, etc.)
Functions for dates
Compare differences
ඵ Difference between today and an Input date is the most common use case
ඵ Use Today () for the current date and Now () for the current time (timestamp)
Functions for dates

Calculating
ඵ Often specific dates need to be calculated in advance
ඵ For instance: latest possible date for payment, future orders, estimated delivery dates etc.
Practical Exercise
Exercise: Calculate the annual

premium | 1
The total premium for a car insurance is calculated as the sum of two different
basic premiums. One of them is the car premium, which is based on the
following rules:
Model year:
Max. 1 year premium of $500
Between 1 and 5 years premium of $300
Between 5 and 10 years premium of $250
Older than 10 years no influence to the premium
Type:
Compact car premium of $300
Sedan premium of $300
Luxury car premium of $500
Airbag equipment:
No Airbag no discount
Drivers Airbag (only) lower the premium by 12%
Front Airbag (only) lower the premium by 15%
Front- and Side Airbags lower the premium by 20%
33
Exercise: Calculate the annual
premium | 2
The second part is the driver premium. The amount depends on the driver’s risk
score, which will be determined by following criterias:
Gender:
Female 5 Points
Male 10 Points
Age:
Younger than 21 30 Points
Between 21 and 27 20 Points
Between 28 and 60 10 Points
Older than 60 30 Points
Status of relationship:
Married -10 Points
Single 0 Points
If the score is greater than 30 premium of $500
If the score is between 20 and 30 premium of $300
If the score is less than 20 premium of $200
Bonus: Raise the premium by $150 per accident.
34
Advanced decision logic modeling

– Literal expressions
Literal expressions instead of decision tables
ඵ Can use all functions and complex expressions
ඵ Logic, which cannot be expressed in decision tables (e.g., function calls, temporary values, manipulating
lists)
Literal expressions
Manipulating lists
ඵ Use Append (list, string) to add values to a provided list
Literal expressions
Manipulating lists
ඵ Use AppendAll (list1, list2) to append all list values to a provided list
Literal expressions
Zip function
ඵ Use Zip (attributes, values, class)

to combine values of different lists for creating a new list
Literal expressions
Zip function
ඵ The new list can be provided to a multi instance decision
Decisions in business processes

– and their impact
Decision modeling questions
Responsibility
p • Who is responsible for the next task?
Next steps • What is the next step of the process?
Pathway
Pathw • Which path of the process needs to be taken?
Data and access • Is the information valid?
Event • Does any subprocesses need to be triggered?
© 2022 SAP SE or an SAP

P affiliate company. All rights reserved. | INTERNAL – SAP and Custom
Customers only 43
Impact of decisions on business processes
Participant
Partic
Decisio can decide who or what system

Decision
should do something or who is qualified
for it
Participant
Next steps
s
Decisio can dynamically decide what

Decisions
next steps of a process should be
the nex
Next steps
Process pathway
Proce
Decisio dictate the paths taken by a

Decisions
proces
process
Data and
a access
Decisio dictate the data requirements

Decisions
who has access to the data
and wh

Data and access
Events detector
Event
Decisio detect the internal

Decisions
and external
ex events

Events detector
Thank you.
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© 2022 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or

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affiliate company.
SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as
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Please see http://global12.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/
copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.
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contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.
National product specifications may vary.
These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for

informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any
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or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP
SE or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are set
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In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue

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Advanced decision modeling with Decision

Model and Notation (DMN)

Advanced modeling of decisions

9 am – Data usage and modeling concepts

9:30 am – List iterations

Advanced creation of decision logic

11 am – Advanced logic [part 1]

1 am – Advanced logic [part 2]

4:30 pm – End of the training

Complex data types

ඵ Contains relationships to other data types

ඵ Allows to summarize input data which have the same context

• Street (as text)

Complex data types

ඵ Can even contain other complex data

ඵ Keeps a diagram with a lot of input data comprehensible

• Street (as text)

Dictionary usage: Business knowledge sources

Use cases for list iterations

The (currently) Consider all The first 5 people An order is valid, if

ඵ Input Data (simple or complex) must be a list

ඵ Purpose: iteration over list values

ඵ Output can be single or complex type

Multi instance decisions

What happens with all the

What needs to be checked for

Choose the Input list for the

What list Input is needed?

ඵ Can contain any number of decisions

ඵ Can be nested (e.g., list of lists)

Advanced decision logic modeling:

ඵ Analysis of numeric values, e.g., measurements

Arithmetical functions for numeric data

ඵ Calculation of different input data (input as well as result)

ඵ Comparison of calculated values

Advanced decision logic modeling:

Functions for text

ඵ Can be used to create dynamic (error) messages/hints

ඵ Can be used to validate text Inputs for further processing

Functions for text

ඵ Text can be split up to parse for specific characters

ඵ Use Number (string) to convert a part of a string to a number

Exercise: Functions on numbers

Use cases for Date functions

ඵ Payment within 30 days of approved invoices

ඵ Inspection by 3 business days

ඵ Latest delivery after 3 days of an incoming order

ඵ All Orders which are older than 2 weeks

ඵ All applications of the last month

Functions for dates

ඵ Often specific dates need to be calculated in advance

Exercise: Calculate the annual

Advanced decision logic modeling

ඵ Can use all functions and complex expressions

ඵ Use Append (list, string) to add values to a provided list

ඵ Use Zip (attributes, values, class)

ඵ The new list can be provided to a multi instance decision

Decisions in business processes

Next steps • What is the next step of the process?

Data and access • Is the information valid?

Event • Does any subprocesses need to be triggered?

© 2022 SAP SE or an SAP

Impact of decisions on business processes