Name: Mirwais Mashal

Department: Accounting and Finance

Group: A
Teacher: Dr. Saleem Gul

1. In what way has the role of management changes

in the past 20 years?
-Technology: In past 20 years we don’t had much technology, it
become the main part of managing a business or organization.
Manager have digital skills and they can analyze data better for
informed decisions for example remotes job or work from
home required manager to adapt some digital tools skill.
-International: Nowadays many business want to expand their
businesses to their neighbor’s country and other improved
countries for getting more profit and globalization so managers
are required to learn and improve their leadership and other
related skills.
-Continuous learning: From the past 20 years till today
managers and business are learning new thing for better result
for example wages of labors better management and
leadership.

2. Considering your reply to question 1, reflect on

changes you foresee in the manager's role in the next
20 years?
I will say technology again because the revolution of
technology is changing every day like the era of AI made
the business and management with some new changes.
We can greater emphasis on AI.
-Innovation and disruption: We can say changing of a
machine or something else to a better design and update,
removing something that are not useable anymore.
Managers are required to learn in the future because in
every single day the future is changing and making
easier.
-Reskilling: For example nowadays the majority of people
are buying online instead of going to store and market in
businesses workers and employees are happy doing
hybrid or remote jobs like 20 years ago there were less
even zero remote jobs but in the near future it is
changing.
-Crisis management: The world is facing different crisis
and it is going to increase in the future because some of
these crisis will be natural so it will control really hard like
decreasing of water, increasing of population and so on.

3. Reflect on some of the significant issues you have

witnessed
in the past few years. Among thoughts to consider
are global warming,
green energy, global health crisis, globalization,
nationalism, national
debt, or an issue of your choosing. What role do you
see business and
management playing in effectively dealing with that
specific issue?

Global health crisis COVID 19: As we all know about the

previous pandemic that changes the whole operation
system of the world managers were responsible to create
a new path and manage these crises.
War: Russia and Ukraine war effects many countries for
example during this war the price of gas has been
increased so it needs a proper management to take
some significant decisions.