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By: Peyton Holt. Basic Facts. Started on April 20, 2010 Ended on July 15, 2010 (officially sealed on
September 19, 2010) Cause: wellhead blowout. Ultimately, less than 10% of this oil was recovered,
the remainder dispersing into the air, water, and sediment of Prince William Sound and adjacent
sounds and fjords. Oil Spill Response 25 Years After the Exxon Valdez and in the Wake of
Deepwater Horizon University of New Hampshire Center for Spills in the Environment School of
Marine Science and Ocean Engineering. The truth is, news costs money to produce, and we are
proud that we have never put our stories behind an expensive paywall. Nevertheless, he was found
not guilty of charges that he operated a shipping vessel under the influence of alcohol. I can’t do it
all alone, and I need your help and support to keep it alive. Some sea otters tried to lick the oil off of
their fur, which would make them very sick.”An animal rehabilitation center has been set up at
Valdez, where experts have been washing birds with Dawn, a brand of detergent that biologists say
is particularly good at cleaning oily waterfowl.”(Brown, 1). Many volunteers came to Valdez to try
and help. Attempts to contain the massive spill were unsuccessful, and wind and currents spread the
oil more than 100 miles from its source, eventually polluting more than 700 miles of coastline. White
River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub, 2008. The fine was lessened because Exxon paid billions in
cleanup, and for their cooperation and behavior after the incident. That is why we are committed to
providing deeply reported, carefully fact-checked news that is freely accessible to everyone. The
planning of the federal government and the preparedness were considered under the responsibilities
of the National Response Team (NRT) that include 14 agencies of the federal department. Providing
them the proper training, equipment, and infrastructure for their communities will help them to play
a more meaningful role in planning for and safely responding to any future environmental disasters.
Only helicopters and boats could reach the location. At HuffPost, we believe that a free press is
critical to having well-informed voters. In addition to the disasters faced by the oil spills already,
much more damage was dome by the cleaning crew thereby there is a need that shipping companies
realize their responsibility as oil transporters through seas as the oil spills are not only the cause of
economic losses but also ecological losses. But the indispensable is not necessarily the desirable. The
tanker was carrying a large quantity of crude oil and as the historians have reported, approximately
53 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil was loaded on the ship, out of which approximately 11
million gallons were lost in the spill. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they
may be using cookies and other technologies. Years after the oil spill, Corexit was found to be toxic
to humans and wildlife, with cancer-causing ingredients, hazardous toxins, and endocrine-disrupting
chemicals. This Oil Spill was at the state of Louisiana at 48 miles out in the Gulf of Mexico from the
mouth of the Mississippi. An important point that was highlighted in this report was the difference
between surface oil and buried oil. Digital Sales Sell your publications commission-free as single
issues or ongoing subscriptions. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Resources Dive
into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William
Sound, Alaska, 1989. Double hull construction would have dramatically minimized the amount
spilled. At HuffPost, we believe that a free press is critical to creating well-informed voters. BP Gulf
Oil Spill: 'This is Literally a War We're In'. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
The assessments were designed to give information about geomorphological, biological,
archaeological and oiling on the shoreline. It has been reported that within 356 hours, the site of oil
spill was surrounded by respondents and team of oil cleaners. Oil would eventually reach shores
southwest of the spill up to 600 miles (965 kilometers) away. Some companies like BP use tankers
well over the legal requirements. (Struver, 2). In some areas water transport is the only viable means
available. It was in the Prince William Sound’s region and the fishing industry in the area was
significantly affected along with the food chain in the region, as well as birds and other sea species.
You can stop drilling into the earth and come up with another source like electricity. Larger
equipment would take much more time than usual thereby smaller vessels were used to clean up the
shores (Baura, 2006, p. 40). Stakeholders Effected. The Valdez accident had longer-term
consequences as well, most prominent of which is related to the ongoing debate over whether to
open up the coastal plain in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to further development. Exxon-
Valdez Oil Spill. 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Oil in these pits resembled the oil encountered in
1989 spill, just being liquid, in addition to being highly odiferous and lightly weathered. Prevention -
NOW Tanker Escort System SHIP ESCORT VESSEL RESPONSE SYSTEM (Established July,
1989) Best available technology, 11 tugs, 2 escorts for all laden tankers, modern double hull tanker
fleet, speed limits, alcohol screening, weather restrictions, pilotage to and from Bligh Reef, towing
packages, ice radar, vessel traffic center, enhanced radar coverage, radio check-ins, closed circuit
video surveillance, additional manning, and a Regional Citizens Advisory Committee. This
Borrowed Earth: Lessons from the Fifteen Worst Environmental Disasters Around the World. Keep
on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. Near shore Recovery
Systems Shoreline Protection Systems Prepositioned Response Equipment in Five Community
Response Centers Future Response Considerations Response capacity must include adequate trained
personnel, equipment and response resources to immediately contain and control the source of the
spill and the spill itself. Alaska symbolizes for many Americans the wilderness or frontier that has
long been part of American thought. An estimated 11 million gallons of oil eventually spilled into the
water. The Exxon Valdez released an estimated 10.8 million gallons of crude oil before the spill was
contained, fouling about 1,300 miles of coastline. Another serious consequence of this pollution is
the effect of this pollution on trade in the polluted areas. Thus after the occurrence of the incident,
the local coast Marine Safety Office (MSO) as well as the contingency plan for Prince William
Sound had been found to take the initiatives in the rescue and cleanup process with much
difficulties. The dead animals w ere estimated at 250,000 dead bird s, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor
seals, and today only 7 orcas left in a resident pod of 36. Communities, agencies, and other
responsible groups on both sides of the political border must also establish predetermined roles and
priorities. ReferencesHistory, exxon valdez, Thinkquest, 2006. The best way to stop oil spills from
happening is pretty simple. Log In Support Us NEWS POLITICS ENTERTAINMENT LIFE
PERSONAL VOICES SHOPPING. Oil Spill At Gulf of Mexico Occurs when some combination of
pressurized natural gas, oil, mud, and water escapes from a well, shoots up the drill pipe to the
surface, expands and ignites. The momentum of the large ship carried it onto Bligh Reef, which
gashed a 6 by 20 foot (1.8 by 6.1 meter) hole in the ship's hull. Initial responses by Exxon and the
Alyeska Pipeline Company were insufficient to contain much of the spill, and a storm blew in soon
after, spreading the oil widely. Give us your email address and we’ll send this sample there. The
wake of oil spread far from Bligh Reef, devastating life in Prince William Sound, killing over a
quarter of a million seabirds at the large colonies in neighbouring Cook Inlet, before moving along
the coast of Kodiak and to a point on the Alaska Peninsula 460 miles to the south.
More than 32 thousand fisherman and other alaskans filed a lawsuit against exxon mobil which
awarded them 5 billion in damages. (Shin, 1) Salmon had eggs laid in Prince William Sound when
the spill occured. Trans Alaska pipeline and Valdez port are on the left. Exxon paid 2 billion in
cleanup costs and 1.8 billion to restore habitats.( History, 1) People washed the oily beaches and
getting oil off of the waters surface. After a few months of using sorbent for oil recovery, it was seen
that they consumed much great amount of resources and were causing greater amount of solid
waste. For example, the dispersant Corexit 9580 was used to break down the oil. The volume of
water affected by the oil spill was estimated to be from 1.4 million to 4.2 million cubic feet (40,900
to 120,000 cubic meters). The Captain was charged with second degree criminal mischief, operating
a watercraft while intoxicated, endangerment, negligent discharge of oil. The thin layer of the Exxon
Valdez tanker body suffered too much damage from the hit to hold up and its crude oil cargo spilled
into the water. We discuss a variety of case studies that highlight the limitations to and shortcomings
of the research effort. Steve Eng, left, and Max Schwenne were photographed on East Amatuli
Island in the Barren Island group in the Lower Cook Inlet. Statistics Make data-driven decisions to
drive reader engagement, subscriptions, and campaigns. Oil spills, while tragic, represent
opportunities to gain insight into the dynamics of marine ecosystems and should not be wasted.
Communities, agencies, and other responsible groups on both sides of the political border must also
establish predetermined roles and priorities. View image in fullscreen Exxon Valdez oil spill workers
and maxi-barge hose beach after Corexit test on Quayle beach, Smith lsland in Prince William Sound,
Alaska, US, on 7 August 1989. All water pollution is dangerous to the health of living organisms,
but sea and river pollution can be especially detrimental to the health of humans and animals. Then
and Now—A Message of Hope: 15th Anniversary of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Chemicals were put
into the water in an effort to disperse the oil. The Exxon Corporation, ob- viously responsible for the
spill, focused on restoration, whereas the Trustees, a coalition of state and federal entities, focused
on damage and its assessment. Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and
engaging content for every channel. The ship was supposed to have 24 men on it, but Exxon reduced
the crew to 14 to save money. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989.
Furthermore, Arctic wildlife tends to aggregate in staggering numbers, rendering large portions of
entire species vulnerable to a spill, like the seabirds of Cook Inlet. While simply hoping for the best
may be the cheapest way forward given the resources required to establish functional networks of
community and government bodies willing and able to work together, accidents do and will continue
to happen. The tanker was carrying 1264155 barrels of crude oil from the port of Valdez, Alaska to
long beach, California and in its journey ran into Bligh Reef. Exxon-Valdez Oil Spill. 1989 Exxon
Valdez Oil Spill. Oil spill contingency plans must include local resources, local knowledge, local
personnel and local vessels of opportunity to provide able vessels and knowledgeable captains and
crew with local knowledge of state waters and resources Oil spill contingency plans should meet
rigorous response planning standards, include best available technology, be verified through rigorous
inspections, drills and exercises and accommodate changing oil conditions. Another important factor
that played important roles in spreading of the oil were increased spring tidal waves as high as 18
feet and these tidal fluctuations carried the oil onto the surrounding beach lands. Sea birds and sea
lions struggled to swim in the oily slick as the once clear Alaskan waters were engulfed in the thick
black substance. Many fisherman who lost work due to the spill were compensated by Exxon hiring
them for cleanup. The effect of this oil leakage was very harmful to coastal life, environment etc.
However, this skimming intervention had failed as the oil started to spread and mix with debris.
Exxon did not maintain a working radar system, which caused the third mate to not know about the
impending collision with the reef. Reporting in this current political climate is a responsibility we do
not take lightly, and we thank you for your support. The Spill: Personal Stories from the Exxon
Valdez Disaster. The remote location of the spill and a delayed and inadequate response from Exxon
and Trans-Alaska Pipeline operator Alyeska made matters even worse. The oil slick left 11,000 miles
of water and 1,300 miles of shoreline covered in crude oil, affecting alaskan commercial fishing
business and killing millions of animals.This was the largest spill in history until the BP oil spill in the
gulf of Mexico in 2010. The Captain was charged with second degree criminal mischief, operating a
watercraft while intoxicated, endangerment, negligent discharge of oil. The National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had taken charge of identifying the areas that were more
vulnerable to the. State Emergency Order, issued on April 7, 1989, defined a new minimum in region
response capability for Prince William Sound tankersthat resulted in the creation of the Ship Escort
Response Vessel System (SERVS). Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized
articles. By: Peyton Holt. Basic Facts. Started on April 20, 2010 Ended on July 15, 2010 (officially
sealed on September 19, 2010) Cause: wellhead blowout. Please include what you were doing when
this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. News Report. This
lesson you need to collect information on the Gulf of Mexico oil spill to help you write your own
news bulletin. QR Codes Generate QR Codes for your digital content. You can stop drilling into the
earth and come up with another source like electricity. Many predatory birds, such as bald eagles,
died as a result of ingesting contaminated fish and birds. Most of the birds died from hypothermia
due to the loss of insulation caused by oil-soaked feathers. We review post-spill research and set it in
its legal context. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Prevention - NOW Tanker Escort System SHIP ESCORT VESSEL RESPONSE SYSTEM
(Established July, 1989) Best available technology, 11 tugs, 2 escorts for all laden tankers, modern
double hull tanker fleet, speed limits, alcohol screening, weather restrictions, pilotage to and from
Bligh Reef, towing packages, ice radar, vessel traffic center, enhanced radar coverage, radio check-
ins, closed circuit video surveillance, additional manning, and a Regional Citizens Advisory
Committee. Series Disaster! (Captstone) Disaster! (Capstone High-Interest Books). Tests revealed his
blood alcohol content the night of the spill was above the Coast Guard's legal limit. Office of Exxon
Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Damage Assessment and Restoration. Over 250 thousand seabirds and 250
bald eagles died in the years following. As soon as the incident was noted, the MSO and other
immediate authorities took charge to put a stop to the traffic at the port of Valdez. The immediate
health problems from the spill caused the deaths of 100,000 to 250,000 seabirds, along with
numerous sea otters, river otters, harbor seals, bald eagles, and orcas. Exxon made about 90 times
that amount in profit in 2008. It has been reported that more than 11,000 response management
personnel, 1,400 vessels and approximately 85 aircrafts were involved in the response management
of oil spill. Charges of misconduct and intoxication against Hazelwood were ultimately dismissed,
but his captain’s license was suspended for nine months. Lessons Learned Prevention measures
including but not limited to tanker design (single hull), tanker tracking, tug escorts, navigation
systems, pilotage, manning, training and safety management systems were inadequate in preventing
the grounding.
The fact is that even under ideal conditions, relatively little oil is actually recovered from a large
spill. The official estimations of which 5,000 barrels (795,000 liters) would have spilled in the Gulf
every day since the platform of perforation of Deepwater Horizon exploded weeks ago Oil Spill
Response Louisiana has begun spending money on oil spill response, installing containment booms
around some areas. The third mate, who was at the controls, failed to properly maneuver the ship,
which was deemed to have occurred due to fatigue caused by an excessive workload. Even in these
days, scientists are carrying out studs’ on ways in which these oil spills can affect marine life and
ecosystems. This species of fish is very lucrative for fishermen and provided almost half of their
income. President George H. W. Bush initially refused to help clean up what he saw as Exxon's
mess. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub, 2008. But it is not easy nor inexpensive to do
so, especially when those who wish to prevent us from making the truth known, attack us without
mercy on all fronts on a daily basis. Cousins had offered to work past midnight that night as a favor
to a friend. The bird was taken to the bird cleanup center in Valdez by photographers. After the
completion of all offloading operations, the damaged tanker was towed for any repairs,
approximately 25 miles from Naked Island in Prince William Sound (Michalowski, and Kramer,
2006, p. 90). With your help, we'll bring you hard-hitting investigations, well-researched analysis and
timely takes you can't find elsewhere. There was a group of areas that was hard to reach to remove
oil thereby heated seawater was used to flush oil from seashores. Water has life-giving properties
which are crucial to the world's global ecosystem. It threatens the health and well being of humans,
plants, and animals. By the time oil containment and recovery equipment were in place, 11.1 million
gallons (42 million liters) of oil had already spread over a large area. The legislation increased
penalties for companies responsible for oil spills and required that all oil tankers operating in U.S.
waters have a double hull instead of a single hull, like the Exxon Valdez had, in order to reduce the
risk of marine pollution in the event of a collision. Oily rocks glisten in the sun on Green lsland
(Prince William Sound). The crew was also not properly trained and fatigued. Through this hole
poured 260,000 barrels (11 million gallons) to 750,000 barrels (31.5 million gallons) of crude oil out
of the ship's approximately 1.26 million barrel (53 million gallon) cargo, making it the largest oil spill
in the history of the United States to that date. The disaster would kill thousands of local species in
the following months after. At 12:04 am, the ship struck a reef, tearing open the hull and releasing 11
million gallons of oil into the environment. Official protocol was to slow down and navigate carefully
through the route, but not wanting to risk losing precious time to reach their destination, Hazelwood
steered the tanker out of the proper lanes. Instead of making small, incremental steps through the
usual RFP process, we are considering establishing a purse prize to reward a successful, innovative
solution to a problem in oil spill response. But both Cousins and Exxon denied that the crew member
had been overburdened with work. It has been estimated by the scientists and environmentalists that
more than 3000 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, and more than 300,000 seals were affected by the oil
spill. The oil spill from the tanker ship, the Exxon Valdez that occurred in Alaska's Prince William
Sound was one of the biggest oil spills in history that had a major impact on the safety of the people
that lived in the area, the wildlife, and the environment. Millions of animals were killed because of
this disaster and many of the species have still yet to recover from this tragedy. Hypothermia
affected sea otters as well, and many of the dead mammals suffered lung damage due to oil fumes.
It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace.
That's why our journalism is free for everyone, even though other newsrooms retreat behind
expensive paywalls. Sea birds in the area struggled to find food, and some dove into the water only
to become covered in oil and unable to fly. Alaska Oil Spill Commission is created by the Alaska
State Legislature and generates 58 recommendations dealing with prevention: industry, state and
federal regulation, response and oversight; response implementation and research and development.
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989. Adobe Express Go from Adobe Express
creation to Issuu publication. It has been reported that skimmers were deployed for the purpose of
open water oil recovery. GIS coverages used. GIS Coverages used to assess the impact. By the time
the BP-contracted Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded and leaked in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010,
not much had changed in the way of emergency response. Human History Alaska Photo Anthro
Alutiiq Weavers Arctic Archaeology Paleo-Eskimo Petroglyphs Tanana Valley Archaeology Upward
Sun River Ocean Arctic Winter Cruise Research Modeling Arctic Waters Sea Ice Technology
Alaska’s Unmanned Aircraft Research Computational Science Pilgrim Hot Springs Close Scientists
Animal Physiology Loren Buck Robert E. The oil, contained here in Snug Harbor off Knight Island,
was later sucked off the water by a U.S. Coast Guard skimmer. Local governments, local resources,
local knowledge and local resources must be included in spill planning and response.. Questions. In
the year 2010, the ship collided with another ship, and was later sold as scrap metal. Near shore
Recovery Systems Shoreline Protection Systems Prepositioned Response Equipment in Five
Community Response Centers Future Response Considerations Response capacity must include
adequate trained personnel, equipment and response resources to immediately contain and control
the source of the spill and the spill itself. Anchorage: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, 2006.
Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is
currently unavailable. This species of fish is very lucrative for fishermen and provided almost half of
their income. Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert. Only
helicopters and boats could reach the location. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and
Conditions. Twenty-five years on it remains one of the worst environmental disasters of all time.
Within the sound is Bligh Reef, sometimes also called Bligh Island Reef, where the Exxon Valdez
oil spill occurred. The truth is, news costs money to produce, and we are proud that we have never
put our stories behind an expensive paywall. The oil spill resulting from the Exxon Valdez accident
spread oil along 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) of formerly pristine shoreline on Prince William
Sound and the Kenai Peninsula. The board came to the conclusion that the captain was drunk and
had failed to properly navigate the ship. Thousands of animals died immediately; the best estimates
include 100,000 to as many as 250,000 seabirds, at least 2,800 sea otters, approximately 12 river
otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, as well as the destruction of billions of
salmon and herring eggs. GIS coverages used. GIS Coverages used to assess the impact. Exxon
Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1989. But the indispensable is not necessarily the
desirable. Adobe InDesign Design pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and more with Adobe
InDesign. It is, more so because of what it did to Exxon’s corporate reputation.