Malgapo Street, Brgy.

San Vicente, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SY 2022-2023
Malgapo Street, Brgy. San Vicente, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SY 2022-2023
 Learning Objectives
1. Realize that all actions have consequences.
2. Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices;
3. Rationalize that: choices have consequences;
and some things are given up while others
are obtained in making choices.
4. Show situations that demonstrate freedom of
choice and the consequences of choices.
Popular Notions about Freedom
Notion 1:
“To be free means to do anything, regardless of their actions’
consequences.”
Notion 2:
“Freedom is the ability to exercise one’s will towards the good.”
Notion 3:
“There is no such thing as freedom, that we are governed by
natural law.”
What is Freedom?
People associate freedom with one’s ability
to do whatever he or she wants to do:
• The ability to be what we want and to decide and create
ourselves
• Going beyond situations such as physical or economic
• The ability to make choices and perform them
FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
ACTIONS HAVE CONSEQUENCES
The following are the different views about the
consequences of a person’s actions, according
to the different point of views of famous
personalities in this field of study.
 FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
He classified the laws related to
consequences of human actions
into four: natural, human,
Divine, and eternal laws.
 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’
FOURFOLD CLASSIFICATION OF LAW
(1) The natural law, in its ethical sense,
applies only to human beings:
(2) Natural and human laws are concerned
with ends determined simply by humanity’s
nature.
 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’
FOURFOLD CLASSIFICATION OF LAW
(3) Divine law or revelation is a law ordering
humans to transcend his nature.
(4) Eternal law is the decree of God that
governs all creation.
 FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
JEAN PAUL SARTRE
• The human person builds the road
to the destiny of his/her choosing.
• The person is provided with a
supreme opportunity to give
meaning to one’s life.
 FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
JEAN PAUL SARTRE
The human person who tries to
escape obligations (i.e., making
excuses such as “I was born this way”
or “I grew up in a bad environment”) is
acting on bad faith (mauvais foi).
 MAUVAIS FOI (BAD FAITH)
According to Sartre, it is a form of self-
deception in which people deny their own
freedom and try to pretend that they are
determined by external circumstances, rather
than recognizing and accepting their own
responsibility for their existence.
 FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
THOMAS HOBBES
Hobbes’ first law of nature is to
seek peace which immediately
suggests a second law which is
to divest oneself of certain
rights to achieve peace.
FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON
FREE WILL
• Our free will allows us to decide on things
we do depending on the situation.
• It is our ability to choose between two different
possible courses of action, independently.