Code: 15403604 R15 B.Tech Ill Year II Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations April 2021 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) () (9) (h) (i) 0 (a) (b) 3 (a) ) 5 (a) (b) PART-A (Compulsory Question) ‘Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) State the stress strain relation for plane strain problem? State the principle of minimum potential energy. Enumerate the properties of stiffness matrix. Write down the stiffness matrix expression for truss element. What is meant by isoparametric element? Explain properties of shape functions. State stress-strain relationship for axisymmetric problem? Write the Gaussian quadrature formula for numerically evaluating a one dimensional integral with 1-point approximation. What is the stiffness matrix for 1D steady state heat transfer problem? What is the field variable and how do you formulate flow problems using FEM? PART-B (Answer all five units, § X 10 = 50 Marks) UNIT Expiain with the help of examples the solution of a boundary value problem by: Rayleigh — Ritz method. Weighted residual method. OR State and explain the equilibrium equations for solving the solid mechanics problems. Distinguish clearly the boundary conditions and initial conditions with examples. (uwer=1) A tapered bar of aluminum is having a length of 500 cm. The area of cross section at the fixed end is 80 cm’ and the free end is 20 cm’ with the variation of the sectional area as linear. The bar is subjected to an axial load of 10 kN at 240 mm from the fixed end. Calculate the maximum displacement and stress developed in the bar. OR Derive the stiffness matrix of beam element from a basic displacement function For the two-bar truss shown in figure below, determine the displacements of node 1 and the stress in elements. | —s00 mn 2 E = 200000 MPa, for both A= 300mm? members 20 kN 300 mm Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2Code: 15403604 R15 9 10 " (a) (b) UNIT — ti Explain in detail the applications of iso-parametric elements in two and three dimensional stress analysis. oR ‘The nodal displacements of a rectangular element having nodal coordinates (0, 0). (4, 0), (4, 2) and (0, 2) are: us = O mm, v; = 0 mm, U2 = 0.1, Ve = 0.05 mm, us = 0.05 mm, Vs = -0.50 mm, Us = 0.0 mm and v, = -0.0 mm respectively. Determine the stress matrix at using the isoparametric formulation. Take E = 210 GPa and Poisson's ratio = 0.25. Establish the traction force vector and estimate the nodal forces corresponding to a uniform radial pressure of 7 bar acting on an axisymmetric element as shown in figure below. Take E = 200 GPa and Poisson's ratio = 0.25. 3 (75,25) 2 (100,0) 1(75,0) OR Distinguish and explain isoparametric, subparametric and superparametric elements with examples. Evaluate the integral: for) = 1,0? -3r+ Dar Using Gaussian Quadrature show that the result is exact. UNIT-V Derive stiffness matrix for one dimensional fluid flow problems using finite element formulation. OR Calculate the conductance matrix [")] and load vector {F’) for the triangle element shown in figure below, The thermal conductivities are kx = ky = 4 W/om-°C and h = 0.3 Wiom**C. Thickness of the element is 1 cm. All coordinates are given in cms. Convection occurs on the side joining nodes i and j. », Page 2 of 2Code: 15403604 R15 B.Tech Ill Year |i Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations December/January 2018/19 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART-A (Compulsory Question) 1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) (a) Whats the difference between the plane stress and plane strain mode's? (b) State the stress equilibrium equations in elastic body subjected to body forces only. (©) Give the importance of penalty approach for incorporation of boundary conditions in FEM. (d) Suggest the type of interpolation function for the formulation of stiffness matrix of a beam element. (e) Define convergence in FEM. () Where do you use higher order isoparametric elements? (9) Why lumped load vector gives less accurate solution than the consistent load vector? (h) Sketch the Axi-symmetric triangular element. ()_Specity maximum number of degrees of freedom two dimensional fin element. (Name the approaches followed to derive finite element formulation of two dimensional fluid flows. PART-B (Answer all five units, 5 X 10= 50 Marks) 2 An axial bar of length L and uniform cross section A is fixed at one end and free at the other end. It is subjected to a uniformly ted load of intensity q over the entire length. Making use of Rayleigh Ritz method, soive for axial displacement and stress developed. Take young’s modulus as E OR 3 The displacement field in a 2D elastic plate is given by u=x’+xy+y’ and v=2x’y+xy. Take Young's modulus is 210 GPa and Poisson ratio is 0.25. Find stress field at a point (1,1) 4 Compute the stresses developed in the members of the truss shown below. kN OR 5 Determine the displacement at the free end of cantilever beam shown below: Use single beam element. A linearly varying vertical down load is acting on the beam. € = 200 GPa. 60 kN/m 200m 4m 30 om Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2Code: 15A03604 10 "1 R15 Consider a quadrilateral element in the XY coordinate system with four nodes located at the corners and sketch it in natural square coordinate system. Develop transformation relation between these coordinate systems. OR A tetrahedron element has coordinated 1(4, 8, 5), 2(2, 4, 5), 3(5, 4, 8) and 4(8, 4, 5). Compute strain displacement matrix (B]. The coordinates of triangular element are 1(4, 3), 2(8, 6) and 3(6, 9) cm. Its nodal displacement vector: [-0.002, 0.003, 0.001, -0.004, 0.005, 0.003)". Modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa and Poisson ratio is 0.25. Compute normal and shear stresses developed. OR Evaluate the following integral with Gauss quadrature with n = 2. i togx = logx dx UNF Compute the temperature distribution across the thickness of a slab of thickness 15cm and thermal conductivity 1.5 Watt/cm-*C. The temperature on left and right surfaces are 150°C. Assume the slab has cross section area as 10*cm*. The internal heat generation inside the slab is 1.5 Watl/om*. Discretize the slab into three linear elements. OR Evaluate convective matrix and thermal load vector for triangular thin piate element when it is exposed to a fluid of temperature Ty = 20°C. Take convective heat transfer coefficient: h = 10 Wattlcm®-°C. The coordinates of the triangle is (0, 0), (2, 0) and (0,3). Page 2 of 2Code: 15403604 R15 B.Tech Ill Year Il Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations January/February 2023 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART-A (Compulsory Question) al ‘Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) (a) State the principle of virtual work. (b) Define plane-stress. (c) Write down the stiffness matrix expression for truss element. (d) Draw the variation of shape functions for 2-noded bar element? (e) Draw 2D Pascal triangle to interpret polynomial form of interpolation function. (f) What do you mean by multiplex elements? (g) Draw four node quadrilateral element and show the displacement vectors. (h) What is meant by sub parametric and super parametric elements? (i) What is the stiffness matrix for 1D steady state heat transfer problem? () How analysis of Fins different from that of 1D heat transfer slab? PART-B (Answer all the questions: 05 X 10 = 50 Marks) 2 Consider the differential equation along with the initial condition H+ 3u=x,0 “am (b) Derive an expression for shape function of a 1D linear element in local co-ordinate system. OR Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2Code: 15403604 R15 5 10 " (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) Determine the nodal displacements for the truss member shown in figure below. Take E=200 GPa. Derive an expression for shape function of a 1D linear element in natural co-ordinate system. Explain the 2D Pascal's triangle. Derive an expression for shape function of a 2D quadratic triangular element in natural co-ordinate system. OR ‘Sketch & explain node numbering scheme. Derive an expression for shape function of a 2D quadrilateral bi-quadric rectangular element in natural co-ordinate system. Explain the iso parametric concept in finite element analysis. Write short notes on Jacobian matrix. OR State and explain the three basic laws on which isoparametric concept is developed. ‘Write short notes on Gaussian quadrature integration technique. Derive an differential equation for the 1D fluid flow through a porous medium. ‘An induction furnace wall is made up of three layers, inside, middle and outer layer with thermal conductivity Ky, Kz and Ks respectively as shown in figure below. Determine the nodal ‘temperatures. OR ‘Write a note on heat transfer boundary conditions. ‘A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in figure below. The outer temperature is To= 20°C. Convection heat transfer takes piace on the inner surface of the wall with T.= 800°C and h = 25Wim? °C. Determine the temperature distribution in the wall. ofl [To = 20° ky = 20 Wim’ ky = 30 Win C ks = 50. Win, C | on? = 25 wim Ta = 800°C Los my | 0.15 m[O.15 m Page 2 of 2Code: 15403604 R1 5 B.Tech Ill Year II Semester (R15) & (LC) Supplementary Examinations March 2022 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) (For ROS & R13 readmitted to R15) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART-A (Compulsory Question) 1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) (a) Whatis the basic difference of Rayleigh-Ritz method and Weighted residual method? (b) State the principle of virtual work. (c)_ Write the significance of shape functions. Mention two important properties of shape functions. (d)_ Write down the stiffness matrix expression for beam element. (e) Represent the quadrilateral element with degree of freedom. Write the displacement vector. (f) What are the convergence and compatibility requirements for iso-parametric elements ()_ What is meant by sub parametric and super parametric elements? (h) Write the Gaussian quadrature formula for numerically evaluating a one dimensional integral with ‘-point approximation. () Mention two natural boundary conditions as applied to fluid flow problems. () Write the finite element formulation for one dimensional heat conduction problem defining each term. PART-B (Answer all the questions: 05 X 10 = 50 Marks) 2 (a) State and explain the equilibrium equations in elasticity subjected to body force. (b) Brief out solution methods for solving simultaneous equations. OR 3. (a) Consider the differential equation along with the Bt3u=x0sxs 1, u(0) =4 Solve this using Galerkin's method assuming an initial approximation u = a + bx + cx’. (b) What are approximate methods for solving differential equations? Explain. condition 4 Determine the deflection and slope under the point load for the beam shown in figure below. Take E = 180GPa;1=2x 10-6 m*. 70 kN 12m 1.2m oR Contd. in page 2Code: 15A03604 R1 5 5 6 10 " (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) Derive the stiffness matrix for truss element. Explain about Penalty approach For the triangular element shown in figure below, obtain the strain-displacement relation matrix B and determine the strains €,, €,and Yxy a) = 0.002 g; = 0.003 @, = 0.0015 4, = 0.002 a @=0.001 4, = 0.004 as as Note:qand x have the same units Explain the procedure for selection of the order of the polynomial for various elements with suitable examples. oR Explain the Pascal tetrahedron for 2D model. Explain various properties of shape functions: Determine the stiffness matrix for the triangular elements with the (x, y) coordinates of the nodes are (0, -4), (8, 0) and (0, 4) at nodes i, j, k. Assume plane stress condition. Take E = 200 GPa. Poisson's ratio = 0.35. OR Explain isoparametric, sub-parametric and super parametric elements. Explain axi-symmettic triangular elements. Estimate the temperature profile in a pin fin of diameter 30 mm, whose length is 500 mm. The thermal conductivity of the fin material is 50 WimK and heat transfer coefficient over the surface of the fin is 40 W/m?K at 30°C. The tip is insulated and the base is exposed to heat flux of 800 KW/m?. OR A long bar of rectangular cross section, having thermal conductivity of 3 Wim°C, is subjected to the boundary conditions shown in below figure. Two opposite sides are maintained at a uniform temperature of 150°C: one side is insulated, and the remaining side is subjected to a convection process with T.. = 20°C and h= 25 Wim?°C. Determine the temperature distribution in the bar. Te150°C Insulated Edg kod Win °C 12m Kee 0am T=150°C Page 2 of 2Code: 15A03604 R1 5 B.Tech Ill Year i Semester (R15) Regular Examinations May/June 2018 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 (a) (b) {c) () (e) ) (9) (h) @ PART-A (Compulsory Question) ‘Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) What is the difference between the residual method and weighted residual method? State the principle of minimum potential energy. Give the properties of stiffness matrix in FEM. ‘Suggest one example involving multipoint constraints. Define cubic element in FEM. ‘Sketch tetrahedral element When do you adopt 2D formulation in FEM? Compare the axi-symmetric triangular element with 2D triangular element Specify various boundary conditions imposed on one dimensional fin element. List the approaches followed to derive finite element formulation of two dimensional fluid flow. PART-B (Answer all five units, 5 X 4 UNIT -1 ‘An axial bar of length L and uniform cross section A is fixed at one end and free at the other end. It is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of intensity q over the entire length. Making use of Galerkin's method, soive for axial displacement and stress developed. Take young’s modulus as E. OR With the help of principle of minimum potential energy, derive stiffness matrix and load vector for a tapered axial bar element subjected to a uniform distributed axial joad. Use appropriate symbols. UNIT ~ IL Compute the transformation matrix and stiffness matrix for truss element whose cross section is 1. cm? young’s modulus 210 GPa and coordinates are (1, 2) and (4, 4) cm. If the axial nodal loads are 1 kN and 1.5 KN, find the load vector and nodal displacement vector. OR Determine the displacement at the midpoint of a fixed beam of length 1 m with uniformly distributed load ‘of 6 KN/m through the span. Use two beam elements. Take E = 200 GPa and El = 2 X 10° N.m®, Consider a nine node quadtiiateral element in natural square coordinate system. Develop expressions for shape functions and transformation relation between CCS and NCS. OR Sketch an iso-parametric hexahedral element and derive its shape functions in natural coordinate system. 50 Marks) Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 210 " 15A03604 R 1 5 (UNIT = The coordinates of triangular element are 1(4.3), 2(8, 6) and 3(6, 9) cm. Its load vector is [-2, 3, 1, -4, 5, 3]' KN , modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa and Poisson's ratio is 0.25. Compute nodal displacement vector and stress vector. OR Develop strain displacement relations in case of axi-symmetrical elastic body in r ~ @ coordinate system. UNIT—V Compute the nodal temperatures across the thickness of a slab of thickness 15 om and thermal conductivity 1.5 Watt/om-*C. The temperature on left surtace is 150°C and right surface is exposed to air flow with h = 10 Wim*°C and temperature 45°C. Assume the siab has square cross section area as 10*cm?. Discretize the slab in to two linear elements. oR Write down the governing partial differential equation for a two dimensional potential flow and evaluate element matrices with the help of triangular element. Use usual notations. Page 2 of 2Code: 15403604 R15 B.Tech Ill Year li Semester (R15) Regular & Supplementary Examinations May/June 2019 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART-A (Compulsory Question) 1 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) (a) What is meant by boundary condition? (©) Specify the various elasticity equations in CST. (c) List the properties of shape function. (d) Differentiate between continuum methods and FEM. (e) List the shape functions for eight noded quadrilateral elements (f) List the advantages of axisymmetric element. (g)_ Explain plane stress and plane strain, condition. (h) What are nodes explain using an example? (i) Differentiate between subparametric and superparametric elements. () List the assumptions made to derive stiffness matrix. PART-B (Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks) 2 Explain the potential energy formulation for element equations in finite element method. OR 3 For the spring system shown in figute below. Find the reactions and displacements at nodes. Given ky = 150. N/mm, kz = 175 N/mm, ky = 100 N/mm, P = 500 N. (unr=1) 4 Define Beam. Obtain Hermite shape functions for beam element, OR 5 Derive the strain displacement relationship matrix for constant strain triangle element. UNIT =I 6 Determine the stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric element shown in figure below. Take E = 2.1 x 10° N/mm? and Poisson's ratio as 0.3. All the dimensions are in mm. 3 (0,75) 2 OL) (75,0) oR 7 Explain in detail the applications of iso-parametric elements in two and three dimensional stress analysis. Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2Code: 15403604 10 " R15 UNIT ~1V) Evaluate the integral by two and three point gauss quadrature rule. i=fxr Sy 2x? + Sx 7 dx. OR Derive the strain displacement matrix for two dimensional four node: For the composite wall as shown in figure below, determine the interface temperatures considering three elements, parametric elements. . oe wee ]@® "JO. LO Yess OR Derive stiffness matrix for 1-D heat conduction problem Page 2 of 2Code: 15A03604 R1 5 B.Tech Ill Year Il Semester (R15) Regular & Supplementary Examinations October/November 2020 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART-A (Compulsory Question) 1 ‘Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) (a) State the stress strain relation for axi-symmetric stress condition. (b) Write the significance of principle of virtual work, (c) Write general expression for stiffness matrix. (4) Draw the variation of shape functions for 2-noded beam element. (e) Draw 2D Pascal triangle to interpret polynomial form of interpolation function. (f) Discuss higher order one dimensional elements. (g) Distinguish Eigen values and Eigen vectors. (h) Draw four node quadrilateral element and show the displacement vectors. (i) Mention two natural boundary conditions as applied to Heat transfer problems, () How analysis of Fins different from that of 1D heat transfer slab? PART-B (Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks) UNIT 2 (a) Whatis meant by plane stress condition? Explain with examples also write the constitutive relation. (©) Write the constitutive relation mattix for plane strain condition. Explain with examples. OR 3 Consider the differential equation along with the initial condition + 3u=x,0 + |m > Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2Code: 15A03604 R15 10 " (a) (b) UNIT — ti For the plane strain elements shown in the figure given below, the nodal displacements are given as U; = 0.005 mm, v; = 0.002 mm, u; = 0.0, vz = 0.0, Us = 0.005 mm, vs = 0.30 mm. Determine the element stresses and the principle angle. Take E = 70 GPa and Poisson's ratio = 0.3 and use unit thickness for plane strain. All coordinates are in mm. per my (2,1). aN) y OR Derive strain displacement matrix element stiffness matrix, nodal load vectors for constant strain triangular element. UNIT = IV) Obtain the Eigen values and Eigen vectors for the cantilever beam of length 2 m using consistent mass for translation DOF with E = 200 GPa, p = 7500 kg/m*. OR Derive the load vector for the axi-symmetri¢ triangular element with the variable surface load on the surface, What is the importance of natural coordinate system in solving the axi-symmetric element? Derive the shape functions of the element. Estimate the temperature profile in a pin fin of diameter 30 mm, whose length is 500 mm. The thermal conductivity of the fin material is 50 WimK and heat transfer coefficient over the surface of the fin is 40 Wim? at 30°C. The tip is insulated and the base is exposed to heat flux of 800 kW/m’. OR Derive the finite element formulation for one dimensional heat conduction problem. Page 2 of 2Code: 15403604 R15 B.Tech III Year II Semester (R15) Regular & Supplementary Examinations September/October 2021 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART-A (Compulsory Question) 4 Answer the following: (10 X 02 = 20 Marks) (a) State the stress strain relation for plane stress problem? (b) State principle of minimum potential energy? (c) Draw the variation of shape functions for 2-noded bar element? (d) Draw the basic truss element? (e) Write shape functions for four noded quadrilateral element? (f) Write the shape functions for a 1D quadratic isoparametric element. (g)_ What is meant by isoperimetric element? (h) Draw four node quadrilateral element and show the displacement vectors, (i) Mention two natural boundary conditions as applied to Heat transfer problems? () Write the finite element formulation for one dimensional fluid flow problem defining each term. PART-B (Answer all five units, 5 X 10 = 50 Marks) 2 (a) Explain with the help of examples the solution of a boundary value problem by: (i) Rayleigh-Ritz method, (ii) Weighted residual method. (b) Explain plane strain problem case with examples. OR 3. (a) Derive the material constituent matrix for the plane stress and plane strain problems. (b) Explain different types of boundary conditions used in finite element method. 4 (a) Explain the stiffness matrix for beam element. (b) _Expiain elimination approach. OR 5 Determine the stiffness matrix, stresses and reactions in the truss structure shown in figure below. E-2000Pa A=1000tcen? SN Sten 750m Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2Code: 15803604 R15 ° (a) The nodal coordinates of a triangular element are 1(1, 3), 2(5, 3) and 3(4, 6). At a point p inside the element, the x-coordinates is 3.3 and the shape function N1 = 0.3. Determine the shape functions and y-coordinates of the point P. () Explain various coordinate systems and theit significance in analysis. OR 7 (a) Derive the shape functions for 2D quadratic triangular element in natural coordinates. (6) Explain Pascal triangle for 2-D model. 8 Derive stress-displacement relationship matrix for 3-Dimensional axi-symmetric element OR 9 Find the Jacobian transformation for four noded quadrilateral element with the (x, y) coordinates of the nodes are (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 1) and (0, 1) at nodes i, j,k, J. Also find the Jacobian at point whose natural coordinates are (0, 0). UNIT-V 10 ‘A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in figure below. The outer temperature is To = 20°C. Convection heat transfer takes place on the inner surface of the wall with T, = 800°C and 5 Wim’.°C. Determine the temperature distribution in the wall. hey ka | ka Ty = 20°C aft ky = 20 Wim? 2 = 30 Win © 3 = 50 Wine C 2 = 25 Wim T= BOC an a 0.13 mi] 0.15 m © ttt 2 * neTet T ®t @ t= 20°C @) OR 1 (a) Derive the stiffness matrix for one dimensional heat conduction with lateral surface heat convection. (b) Explain different types of fluids. Page 2 of 2