Daa: - 1973 Constitution: Adopted in April 1972, officially promulgated on August 14, 1973. - Written Document: Contains 280 articles, divided into 12 parts with 6 schedules and 26 amendments. - Official Name: Declares "Islamic Republic of Pakistan" as the country's official name. - State Religion: Proclaims Islam as the state religion - National Language: Adopts Urdu as the national language. - Federal Structure: Comprises four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, NWFP/KPK, Balochistan), with later merger of FATA into KPK. - Parliament: Consists of the National Assembly (lower house) and the Senate (upper house) with equal provincial representation. National Assembly: Provinces are represented on the bases of population. Members are elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. Senate: members are elected by provincial assembly members. All four provinces have equal representation. - Prime Minister: Elected by the National Assembly, head of government, real executive authority. - President: Head of state, makes decisions in consultation with the prime minister. - Constitutional Amendment: Requires a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly and the Senate. - Universal Adult Franchise: is used as a base for electing members of National Assembly and provincial assemblies, voting age was 21 but later changed to 18. - Fundamental Rights: Safeguarded for citizens without discrimination. - Provincial Assemblies: Elect chief ministers, while governors appointed by president represent the federal government in provinces. Governors act on Chief minister's advice.- Judiciary: Constitution establishes Supreme Court and four High Courts, Heads of these courts are Chief justices, independent from the executive. - Muslim Requirement: Only Muslims can contest elections for prime minister and president. - High Treason: Breaking or attempting to break the constitution is an act of high treason, punishable by law. DQ3:- General Zia-ul-Haq's Era (1977-1988): - General Zia-ul-Haq seized power in Pakistan in July 1977 following allegations of election rigging by the opposition. Under his rule until August 1988, Zia implemented a policy of Islamization, initially promising free and fair elections but later prioritizing the implementation of Sharia law (Nizam-e-Mustafa), which garnered significant popular support. His regime was marked by the overthrow of Prime Minister Bhutto and a focus on religious law. Given below is a summary of the steps taken by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in pursuance of his policy of Islamization: Judiciary and Legal System: - Implementation of Islamic penalties for crimes (e.g., theft, adultery) - Establishment of Federal Shari'a Court with equal status to High Courts - Ulama as judges in the Shari'a Court - Islamic University and Shari'a Faculty in Islamabad - Objectives Resolution made justiciable in the constitution Financial Matters: - Introduction of Nizam-e-Zakat (1980) and Nizam-e-Ushr (1983) - Steps to eliminate riba (interest) from banking - Interest-free accounts based on profit-loss-sharing Observance of Religious Sanctities: - Salah Committees for prayer in governmental institutions - Ehtram-e-Ramadan Ordinance- Penalties for sacrilegious remarks - Mandatory azan and hajj proceedings on radio and television - Federal Ombudsman to tackle corruption Education: - Islamic Studies as compulsory subject at intermediate and degree levels - Religious school degrees equivalent to B.A. and M.A, - Commissioned officer status for religious teachers in the Armed Forces - Introduction of Masjid Makt Scheme at the primary level - Figh (Islamic Jurisprudence) as a compulsory subject in law colleges - National dress code in courts of law - Encouragement of national dress in government institutions - Mandatory national dress at official gatherings - Use of Urdu for formal addresses by the president and prime minister - Pakistan Studies as a compulsory subject at intermediate and degree levels Medi ~ Ban on indecent and un-Islamic programs - Introduction of Arabic and Holy Quran classes - Increased religious programs on radio and television - Broadcast of Hajj proceedings and Islamic events on media