BQ GIAO DYC VA DAO TAO KY THI CHOQN HQC SINH GIOI QUOC GIA a TRUNG HQC PHO THONG NAM HQC 2021-2022 DE THI CHINH THUC Mén: SINH HOC ‘Thdi gian: 180 phiit (khéng ké thoi gian giao dé) Nea thi: 04/3/2022 ‘Dé thi gdm 06 trang, 12 cau Cau 1 (2,0 diém) Khi bi nhigm virut, té bao ngudi thudng tong hop mét loai glic6prétéin 1a interféron. Interféron duge gidi phéng tir t8 bao nhiém virut sé kich thich cdc té bao xung quanh sinh ting hop prdtéin khang virut (Hinh 1). Hy tra Toi cdc céu hai sau: a) Cac ki tu (1), (2), (3) trong Hinh | tuong img véi cde bude eda qua trinh no? M6 t4 qua trinh 46. b) Trong mét thir nghiém in vitro, mot dong té bao ngudi duge tron véi mdt trong hai loai interféron: interféron chiét xuat tir déng vat va interféron ct xuat tir ngudi khi cing bj nhi&m mét loai virut. Ké qua cho thay: té bao ngudi tron véi interféron chiét xudt tir ngudsi e6 kha nang khéng virut; trong khi 46, té bao ngudi trdn vi interferon chiét xudt tir dong ‘vat kh6ng cé kha nang khdng virut. Giai thich. c) Vi sao interféron duge téng hgp trong té bao nhiém virut nhung khéng kinh thich chinh cdc té bao nay sinh téng hyp prétéin khang virut? d) Mot k it gay bénh trén ngudi cé hai bién chin in chiing c6 ddc lye manh va bién ching cé Ge lye yeu, ‘Trong chu trinh nhan lén ciia virut, bién ching nao thudng kich thich té bao chu sinh téng hop nhiéu interféron hon? Giai thich. Cau 2 (1,5 diém) Nguoi ta tién hanh nghién ctu kha ning Sca5T Bang? SHS EN khuéch tan ciia mét s6 chat/ion qua mét loai ia Toc d6 khuéch tin | Toc 46 khuech tan mang té bio va m6t logi lop kép lipit trong | Chatvion | qua mang té bao qua lop kép lipit cing diéu kign thi nghiém. Két qua nghién = (om/gidy) (cm/gidy) citu duge thé hign trong Bang 2. cr 0,0001 0 Hay tra lai cdc cau héi sau: Nat 0,001 0 y tra Idi cdc cfu hdi sau: i a a a) Tai sao Oz, CO2 va glixérol 6 thé | Gixgor 0.01 Dor khuéch tin qua ed mang té bio va lp Fg ion 0 kép lipit? = sae a ‘COz 100. 100 ») Tai sao tét ca cdc chét/ion thir nghigm [o> 75000 75000 déu c6 thé khuéch tén qua mang té bio? ¢) Téc d6 khuéch tén ciia Oz, CO2 va glixérol qua lop kép lipit phy thudc vao nhimng yéu t6 nao? Cau 3 (3,0 diém) Ching vi khudn Lactobacillus vietnamese VN1 duge sit dung 4é san xuat axit lactic (C3H6Os) trong thiét ‘bj lén men cé thé tich 5 m3, Két qua theo d6i mat d6 té bao, ham lugng axit lactic va ham lugng lactézo (CiaH22011) trong qué trinh lén men durge th Hiiy tra loi cde cu hoi sau: 6a) Vé d6 thj dung cong sinh truéng ciia quan thé vi kuin vietnamese VNI (Quy dinh true Hg] NETS | He agng | Ham one hoanh bigu thi thoi gian nudi cdy). Néucdch tinh | gin | tébao | axitlactie | lact6zo m a h On in thé h cita quan thé vi Khun | (gia) | (6 bao/mL) | (pf) (wl) Pha luy” 0 49x10 ) Mét lugng khi da hinh thanh 6 pha luf thira trong [2 | _5,0x10 Or 29,1 qué trinh nu6i vi khudn L. vietnamese VNI.Khi [4 [1,010 21 26.8 6 la khi gi va duge hinh thanh theo co ché nio? 6 2,610" 5,5 21,6 ©) Trong qué trinh nudi edy, mudn tang higu qua [|_8 | 5,010" 79 17,7 san xudt axit lactic/lactat thi nén 4p dung |_10_|_ 1,210" 10,2 14,9 nhiing bién phap nao sau day: (1) khong khudy |_12 3, 110" 13,9 11,9 dao, (2) khudy dao, (3) khéng suc khi Oz, (4) 14 {6.0107 16,3 10.1 suc khi Oz, (5) bd sung Ca(OH)z, (6) khéng bi 16_| 61x10 18,3 94 sung Ca(OH):? Giai thich. 1g_[5,4x10% 18,9 Ex 4) Nén thu mau 6 thai diém nao dé nang sudt axit 2 so Be es lactic (g/L/gid) thu duge cao nhat? ho i a) = 1 2) = 08 a) = d) Gia sit san pham sinh ting hop chi cé axit lactic. ere “ by ‘Néu céch tinh va tinh higu sudt chuyén hod lact6zo thanh axit lactic (% theo khdi lugng) tai thoi diém 18 gid nudi cdy. Cau 4 (1,5 diém) ‘Dé danh gid anh hudng cua céc nguyén td dinh dudng khodng N, P, K tron; Jia, ngudi ta tién hanh 3 thi nghiém khéc nhau vé ché 49 bon phan, céc qua thi nghiém dugc thé hign 6 Bang 4. shan bon d4i voi mét gi u kign khde nhur nhau. Két Bing 4 Phan bon (Kg/1000 m") Chit lvong hat ga0 Thi nghigm Ure ‘Supe lan | Kali clorua Ree Tinh b6t | Protéin (CORNH:) | (CaHPO.) | (KCI | % Thinghiem1 | 20,0 35.0 12 63 70,0| 82 Thinghiém2 | 25,0 35.0 12 75: 72.0 | 83 Thinghi¢m 3 | 30,0 35,0 11,2 6.0 685 | 83 (Gai tide vé ning sudt va ham hegng tink bt co ghia thang Ke) Hay tra Idi cde cu hoi sau: ) Vi sao bon nhigu phan uré lam gidm ning sudt va ham lugng tinh bot? b) Cé thé thay phan bén uré (CO(NH2)2) bling phén nitrat amén (NHsNOs) ma kh6ng lam thay déi nding sudt ‘va chit long hat gao. Néu céch tinh va tinh long nitrat amén cn bén & méi thi nghiém 1, 2 va 3. Biét ring, ham lugng N cé trong phén uré va phan nitrat amén chiém ti Ié ln lugt tuong img 1a 46% va 33%. ¢) Trong thye té san xuat, bon phan can d6i hgp ly cho cay lia cn dya vao nhiing nguyén tic nao? Clu 5 (1,0 diém) ‘Trong mét nghién ciru vé qué trinh quang hgp ctia m6t sé gidng tao. a) Néu méi trutng nudi cdy khdng duge chiéu sng trong 1 gid, sau dé tiép tuc khéng chiéu sang va suc CO» danh dau phéng xa ('4C) trong 25 phut thi glucézo thu durge tai thoi diém két thiic suc khi cé chira “C khéng? Giai thich. b) Néu méi trudng nudi cdy duge chiéu sang lién tuc va bd sung chét Paraquat logen) a8 irc ché cchudi van chuyén électron & h¢ quang hod I cia Iye lap, sau dé suc COz danh dau phéng xa (!C) trong 25 phit thi glucézo thu durgc tai thoi diém két thiic suc khi c6 chita ¥C khong? Giai thich. c) Trong lyc lap ciia céc logi tao nau va tao dé sng 6 ting nude sdu, ngoai cdc sic t6 lye va carotenc dn c6 chita sic té ndo khac khéng? Giai thich. 216Cau 6 (1,5 diém) 6.1, Bang 6 thé hign két qua nghién ciru vé anh hudng cla théi gian chiéu sang dén su hinh thanh hoa cia hai loai cdy Fuchsia sp. vi Xanthium sp. Hay tré Wi cdc edu hai saw: ) Fuchsia sp., Xanthium sp. la thy vat ngay Bang 6 5 dai hay ngay ngn? Giai thich. Loai | pel gian | The wee b) Déi vii cay Xanshium sp., trong thoi gian sang (gib) |_t6i(gid)_| thanh hoa eee fea 15 9 C6 #6: 10 gig 06 thye hign chiéu anh sing 46 |, ie a ra 18i tiép tue chiéu Anh sing dé xa. Trong | /¥chsia sp. a 5 aa digu kign nay, Xanthium sp. cd ra hoa — khong? Giai thich. Kanth i * ne 6.2. Vi sao cdy lia nude 6 thé ra hoa trong ea | *2”hium sp. on es ane ayaa 10 10 C6 digukign chigu sing ngay dai vangay ngan? 6.3. Arabidopsis thaliana ra hoa khéng phy thude vio chu k¥ quang ma phy thudc vio nhiét dé thé Jién quan dén hoat dong cia gen FLC, FLC ma héa protéin hogt hod hoat dng ciia céc gen tre ché ra hoa, Khi khOng xtr ly lanh ey 4. thaliana khOng ra hoa; nhung khi xit Iy lanh 40 ngay, ey A. thaliana ra hoa, M6t thé dot bién gen FLC lam céy ra hoa ngay ca khi khong xtt If lanh. Tai sao cay A. thaliana ra hoa khi xir ly lanh va khong ra hoa khi khong xir ly Ianh? Caw 7 (1,5 diém) Hai giéng ngé chuyén gen P va Q, mét gidng chju ngdp ding (chju ngép) va mét ging kh6ng chju ngap duge tréng riéng ré trong cdc chu c6 diéu kién nhur nhau, mdi chau 30 cay. Khi cdy duge 10 ngay tudi, ngudi ta tién hanh thi nghigm gdm 2 16: 16 thi nghigm (TN) duge gy ngép ling cach tich nuéc trong chgu tring cay, myc nude ngang bing véi mat dat; 16 déi chtmg (DC) khong gay ngap. Sau 5 ngay thi nghiém, ngudi ta thu thép mu ré cay trong mdi chau dé nghién cttu edu tao va phan tich ham lugng étilen, Ca®* trong ré. Mét phan két qua thi nghiém duge thé Hinh 7. Bang7 Gidng ngé Trude | Btifen (10M) Khingap [Ca (107M) Saukhi | Btilen (10M) ngap ‘Ca¥ (107M) Hay tr Idi cdc cdu hoi sau: a) Giéng ngé P hay Q cé kha ning chiu ngép? Giai thich, b) Hinh 7 mé ta mét phan cdu tgo ré trudng thanh cila giéng ng6 chju ngap. Méi Hinh (A), (B) tuong {img véi két qua cila 16 TN hay 16 DC? Gidi thich. ©) Néu vai trd chinh ca cdc té bao/md 6 vi tri c6 ki higu (1), (2), (3), (4) trong Hinh 7. Tai sao té bao & vi tri o6 ki higu (3) it bj thay d4i trong digu kign ngdp? 3/6Cu 8 (2,0 diém) Hinh 8.1 mé phéng mét phan cdu tric gidi phu tim va mach 6 ngudi véi cdc vj tri mé ta duge dénh 36 tr (1) dén (9), Hinh 8.2 bidu thj gid tri dp Iye tm thét tréi ghi duge 6 trang théi nghi ngoi cila 3 neudi: i binh thug khde manh (ngudi binh thudng), ngudi I va ngudi IT. Hinh 8.3 biéu thi gia tri Ap lye t6i da va tdi thiéu ghi dugc tai mt 6 vi tri tim, mach. BTéide BTSithifu 30 QTéids OTSithiee Bos io gis 30 2" ° Newbibinh Newt Newbill HK QT thuing Hinh 8.2 Hinh 8.3 Hay tra, a) So véi ngudi binh thu’mg, ngudi cé 18 théng gita (1) va (4) (Hinh 8.1) 06 phan dp éxi méu & vi ti h. (3) ting, gidm hay khéng 46i? Gi b) So véi ngudi binh thudmg, ngudi cé Sng thong gitra (3) va (6) (Hinh 8.1) cé nhip tim ting, giim hay khéng 46i? Giai thich. c) So voi ng. inh thudng, ngudi cé 1d thong gitta (2) va (5) (Hinh 8.1) c6 Iugng nude tiéu ting, giam hay khéng d6i? Giai thich. . 7 . d) Trong céc pha: tim nhi dan, tim nhi co, tim that dan dang tich, tim that co tong mau, pha nao cé ap lye & (8) (Hinh 8.1) cao nhat? Giai thich. 4) Ngudi I hay ngudi II (Hinh 8.2) bj di tat ho van tim gitta (4) va (5) (Hinh 8.1)? Giai thich. e) O ngudi binh thudng, gid tri 4p lye tai mdi vi tri (1), (2), (3) (Hinh 8.1) pha hop tuong tg voi mot trong céc trudmg hop nao sau day: H, K, Q, T (Hinh 8.3)? Gidi thich. ‘Cfiu 9 (2,0 diém) Hinh 9.1 thé hién hogt dng h6 hip hit vio, thé ra. Duong m, n, p,q (Hinh 9.2) thé hign chénh léch gid tr] dp sudt gitta dp suat khoang mang phéi/ap suat phdi so vdi dp sudt khi quyén (sau day goi tit la chénh Uéch dp sudt) trong m6t nhip hé hap cia ngudi Y. it (mmHg) eS) lech ip suat Ge Hinh 9.1 416Hay tra Idi cdc cu hoi sau: a) Trong diéu kign binh thudng, tai thoi diém két thic hoat dng, hoat déng nao (1 hay II) c6 phan ap ‘6xi trong phé nang th4p hon? Giai thich. b) Dudng dé thj nao (m, m, p, q) thé hign cho gid trj bién dng 4p sudt khoang mang phdi trong hoat dng hé hip 11? Gidi thich. . ©) So véi binh thudng, néu ting lye co co hoanh thi gid tr] 4p sudt cia dudng p tai thoi diém két thiic hoat dong ting, gidm hay khéng d6i? Gidi thich. . 4) So véi binh thug, néu ting lye co co lién stron trong (co tham gia thé ra ging sitc) thi gid tri ap sudt cla dudng ndo (m, n, p, q) tai thi diém két thie hoat dng thay ddi? Giai thich. 4) So véi binh thudng, néu tng lrgng dich ké gitra phé nang va mao mach thi téc d9 trao ddi khi COr ting, gidm hay khdng 46i? Gidi thich, ) Dya vo Hinh 9.2, néu céch tinh va tinh thé tich khi Iuu théng (mL) cia ngudi Y. Biét ring, tng thé tich kh luru thong qua phéi trong 1 phat ciia ngudi Y 18 6,8 L. ‘Cfu 10 (1,5 diém) (Qué trinh hinh thanh nude tiéu dign ra 6 nephron than, Sau khi duge tao thanh 6 nang cau tha ban dau (nuée tiéu du) sé di qua dng than. Ong than 14 noi thyc hign qua trinh tai hdp thu va bai céc chat dé tao nude tiéu chinh thitc. Hinh 10.1 mé phéng cdu tgo va vi tri phan cat tuong di cée phan ofa dng than ngudi (4énh sé tir (1) dén (5)). Hinh 10.2. m6 phdng hoat dng cua mét s6 bom van chuyén trong 2 loai té bao Sng than (loai I, ogi II). Hinh 10.3 thé hign sy thay di vé ti lé % ham long ciia méi chav/ion (M, N, P, Q) do dugc tai cdc vi tri éng thin so véi ham Iugng cia chat/ion d6 trong dich Igc ban dau (sau day goi tit la 116 ham long). oo? +f o ® © © © ‘Vj tri dng than ‘Hib 10.1 7 Dict dane dag op = " a ~ ma 1“ ao TE bdo to 1 AY = 4 rs F a} a | e al ie =o oe o » oe oo © 6 Vi tring thin Vi tet éng then Tian 102 Hah 1033 Hay tra ldi cdc cu hdi sau: a) Té bao loai I (Hinh 10.2) nim trong khodng vi tri ndo 6 Sng than (Hinh 10.1)? Giai thich. b) O diéu kign binh thudng, M, N, P, Q 1a tong tng véi chdt/ion nao sau day: uré, Na‘, axit amin, nude? Giai thich. ¢) So véi diéu kign binh thudng, gidm dp sudt thm thdu dich ké sé lam thay déi gia tri 1i 1é ham long tai vj tri (5) cba dng thin cia nhimg chit/ion nao sau day: M,N, P, Q? Gidi thich. d) So véi ngudi binh thudmg, ngudi bj giam nhay cdm thy thé 4p Iyc mdu & b§ méy cn quan cau c6 mite hoat dong cilia bom ion & té bao logi Il tang, giam hay khéng d6i? Gidi thich. 5/6‘Cau 11 (1,0 diém) Nguoi ta tién hanh nghign ciru dénh gid mite anh hudng theo lita tudi cua 3 hoocmén X, Y, Z dén sinh trudng cia tré nam. Két qua nghin ctu cho thy, m8i hooomén e6 mite énh hug dén sinh trutmg khée hau va phy thude vao d6 tudi cia tré. Sé ligu trong Bang 11 18 ti I % mic anh hudng dén sinh truémg ca mdi loai hoocmon & d6 tudi nhat dinh so véi mire anh hudng eye dai (100%) ctia chinh hoocmén 46 46i v6i tré nam trong khoang d6 tudi tir 1 dén 20. Bing 11 Tudiqnim) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12] 14 | 16) 18 | 20 Hoocmén X | 30% | 88% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 75% | 50% | 10% Hoocmén¥ [1% | 1% [1% [10% | 40% | 80% | 100% | 100% | 80% | 30% | 10% HooemdnZ | 100% | 100% [94% | 78% [67% | 56% [44% [33% |[22%|11%|3% Hay tr 10% cde cw hoi sau a) X, Y, Z IA tuong img voi hooemdn nao sau day: GH, Tirdxin, Testostérdn? Gidi thich. ; ») So véi ngudi binh thudng khée manh, tr8 nam 15 tudi bi nhuge nang tuyén yén (giém kha nang tiét cic hoocmén tuyén yén) cé ham lugng méi hoocmén X, Y, Z ting, giam hay khéng 46i? Giai thich. Cau 12 (1,5 diém) Sy thay di tinh thdm cia mang véi ion dan dén sy thay 44i dign thé mang va sy hinh thanh dién thé hoat dng. Hinh 12.1 thé hign cdc trang thdi hoat dng cia céc kénh ion trén mang noron (trang thai I, II, 11). Hinh 12.2 thé hign gid trj dao cyc t6i da cha mang noon 6 cdc diéu kign: diéu kign binh thudmg (Binh thuing); digu kign P (P); diéu kign Q (Q). ‘Trang thsi Tryng thi Trong tht Ngoaibao u Ss ne ete tee Noi bio L PO Bs Zt sm Kesh Nat se era : I > Diag ion & Binh thuvng P inh 12.1 Hinh 12.2 Hay tra bi cde cu hoi sau: a) Tang cuéng hoat déng kénh ion & trang thai I (Hinh 12.1) sé anh hudng dén giai doan (pha) ndo cia ign thé hoat dng binh thug cia noron? Gidi thich. _. | ) Chat X cé te dong lam gidm sy gidi phéng GABA vao khe xindp. Biét ring, su gin GABA lén thu thé mang sau xingp lam ting phan cy mang. Gia sir ming sau xinap dang chiu téc dng ciia GABA (C6 thy thé tiép nhfn GABA chua dugc bilo héa), bé sung X sé lam giam mirc hogt dng kénh ion & trang thai ndo sau day: I, 1, Ill (Hinh 12.1)? Giai thich. c) Biét ring, gid trj dao eye tdi da ti 1¢ thugin véi mite hogt héa kénh Ca®* & mang trude xindp. = Didu kign P (Hinh 12.2) anh huéng dén hoat dng cia sgi sau hach thuge day déi giao cam. So véi iu kign binh thudng, sy tiét H* & té bao vien thanh da day trong diéu kign P tang, giam hay khéng 6i? Gidi thich. = Digu kign Q (Hinh 12.2) Anh hung dén hoat déng cita sqi sau hach thude day giao cém. So véi binh ‘thuong, lung mau t6i rugt non trong diéu kign Q tang, gidm hay khdng 46i? Gidi thich. HET- © Thi sinh KHONG dugc sit dung tai ligu; © Giém thi KHONG duoc gidi thich gi thém. 6/6BQ GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO. KY THI CHON HQC SINH GIOI QUOC GIA TRUNG HOC PHO THONG NAM HQC 2021-2022 HUONG DAN CHAM THI ‘pe thi chinh thre Mén: SINH HOC ‘gay thi: 04/3/2022 Hung dan cham thi gdm 6 trang J, Huong din chung 1. Gidm Khao et dang nhu dap 4n, biéu diém cita BO Gido dyc va Dao tao. 2. Néu thi sinh 6 céch tra loi khdc dap 4n nhung ding thi giém khao van cham diém theo biéu diém 1a Hung dan cham thi 3. Gidm khao khéng quy trén diém thanh phan ciia timg céu, diém cia bai thi. IL DAP AN, BIEU DIEM Cau 1 (2,0 diém) a “Tuong ng véi cdc bude cia qua trinh truyén tin 18 bao (giao tigp 16 baoltruyén tin higu bao/tuong tac té bao); (1) Interféron (phdi tur/ phan tit gu) bam/lién két/tuong tac voi thy the la | trén mang té bio. (2) din truyén tin higu dén gen dich/ma protéin khang virut; (3) dap img tin higu/biéu hign (phién ma, dich ma) protéin khang virut. = Tuong td gia interféron va thy thé e6 tinh dge higu loai/ edu tric Khong gian cla interferon 6 1p | ngUoi va dong vat la khde nhau, Ala - Interféron tir té bao ngudi twong tée die higu voi thy thé trén bé mat té bao ngudi, interferon tir té bao dong vat khong twong téc dic higu voi thy thé trén bé mat té bao ngudi. = Khong cé thy thé tong thich véi interferon bén trong té bao nhiém virut/ interferon Ta protein ti Je | Virut lam bién d6i té bao cha — gidn doan qué trinh truyén tin ciia té bao nhigm virut/ khéng ¢6 thy thé interféron trén bé mat té bao chi, | ~ Interféron duge hinh thanh nhigu hon 6 té bao nhiém/mang, bién chiing ¢6 dée lye yéu 1d | - So v6i bién ching ¢6 adc Iye yéu, bién ching ¢6 dc Iye manh thudng lam gidm théi gian séng/gay suy yéu té bao chi din dén giam sin sinh interferon, | Cau 2 (1,5 diém) is 7 Ly | Noi dung Do ei ming t& bao vi lop kép Tipit déu c6 edu tao lop Kép lipit phan eve. 2a | -Do CO2 , O2 va glixérol la cdc chat khng phan cyre hoe phan cuc yéu + 6 kha nang khuéch tan qua ldp kép lipit. = Mang té bao gdm cd Iép kép photpholipit va céc protéin kham (xuyén mang). ap | ~ Cae chat khong phan eye (O2, CO2) hose chit phan cyc yéu (glixérol) khuéch tan qua cdu tric phétpholipit cdn nhiing chat cé tinh phan eye manh nhu HO hod mang tich dién nhu K*, Na’, |__| Cl khuéch tan qua prétéin xuyén mang. Z ~ Tinh phan cuc cla chat tan/ khdi Iugng phan ti/kich thude chat tan. 2c | + Tuong tée gitta chat tan va dung méi/ nhigt d@/tinh chat cba va lép kép lipit. (Thi sinh chi céin néu diing 02 trong céc phueong dn trén van dat diém da) HDC 1/6Cau 3 (3,0 diém) ¥ _ NGi dung = VE durge hé toa 46 vi tryc tung Ta le(mat d6 t€ bio) hoe mat dO tS bao vA truc hodnh la thoi gian (gid). -Vé duéng cong sinh truéng pha hgp voi sé ligu da cho. - Néu ding c6ng thite tinh trong pha luf thira (2 - 14 gid). Vi dy 56 thé hé = [Ig(No)-lg(No)/1g2 Tinh duge thoi gian thé hé theo céng thitc t/ sé thé hé = 1,7 dén 2,1 gid. 3a wong lactéz0 (C12) duge chuyén hod thinh durdng galactozo va glucézo sau dé hinh 3b | thanh axit lactic theo con dudng lén men di hinh c6 sinh khi CO>. (Thi sinh dé cép dén con duedng pentézo phot phat hodie con dudng khéc c6 hinh thanh CO2 cing dhsoe diém § ndy) - | = Chon ding 15 hop (2)-(G)-3) hod phurong php Khudy dao, khong suc Khi Oz, c6 bd sung Ca(OH) - Khudy dao dé phan bé déu té bao vi Khudn, trénh nhiing anh huréng cue bé lam gi&m tbe 46 sinh trudng va sinh tong hgp axit lactic. 3c | - Vikhuan Lactobacillus vietnamese VN1 la vi khuan thuéc nhom lén men lact Khong cdn Op. Su e6 mat ctia O2 06 the tte ché sinh truzsng cia nhém vi khudn naj sinh tong hop axit lati tt hom.” 3d_[ Chon ding thai diém (14 gid/12 dén 14 gid/ 14 dn 16 gio), | = Viét duro phuong trinh phan Ging Cr2H2011 + H2O — 4CsHeOs va tinh duge long axit lactic 4q_| hinh thanh theo ly thuyévphuong trinh tir 20,9g lactézo (30-9,1 = 20,9) la (4*90%20,9)/342 = 228 | ~ Higu suat chuyén hoa lact6zo thanh axit lactic Ide 18 gid I 18,9/22% 100% = 85,9% | | (Thi sinh tinh theo céch khée van dat diém) Cau 4 (1,5 diém) Y N@i dung ] (Gud durthita) phan uré Khign cdy lia c6 xu hudng sinh trong kéo dai than, dé bj a6 ja | j su bénh, hinh thanh bong cham, hat dé bi lép. | ~ Cay tich luy nhigu hop chat chita N e6 xu hudng gidm tich luy cde hop cht cacbhidrat > nang _suat va ham lugng tinh b6t gidm. ~ Lugng N c6 trong phan uré 6 thi nghigm 1: (20 x 46)/100 = 9,2 kg — Ingng phan nitrat amon cn bon: (9,2 x 100)/33 = 27,8 kg. ~ Lugng N cé trong phan uré & thi nghi¢m 2: (25 x 46)/10 4b | can bon: (11,5 x100)/33 = 34,7 kg. ~ Luong N cé trong phan uré & thi nghigm 3: (30 x 46)/100 = 13,8 kg — Iugng phan nitrat amén cdn bon: (13,8 x100)/33 = 41,8 kg. (Néu thi sinh tinh theo cdch khéc ma ra két qua ding cing duge diém y nay) |- ig liu luong (theo nhu cau dinh duéng; timg giai doan sinh trudng; timg loai dat); - Bon ding dang/logi phan; 4c | - Bon ding thai di - Bén diing phurong phép (Thi sinh chi cain néu toi thiéu 3/4 phuwcong én trén duc diém tdi da cia y nay) 11,5 kg + Itong phan nitrat amon HDC 26Cau 5 (1,0 diém) ¥ ‘NOi dunj Sa ~ Khong ¢6 “C trong glucozo ~ Trong moi trung khdng due chiéu sing + ATP, NADPH khéng duge hinh thanh — khéng | khir duge CO2, duing glucézo king durge ting hop — khdng ¢6 ¥C trong glucdz0 Se | glucézo khéng duge ting hop — khéng c6 '*C trong glucézo - Khong cé ¥C trong glucoze ji . - Chudi van chuyén electron & quang hé I bj tre ché — c con dudmg truyén dign tir ving va khong vong déu bi te ché > ATP, NADPH khong duge hinh thanh — khéng khir duge COp, duong ~ C6 loi sic 18 khde, 46 14 phycobilin - Tang nude séu cé nhiéu tia sang buéc séng ngiin, tao nau va tao do c6 thém phycobilin hap thy tia sng luc, vang (IA nhiing tia séng it bj hap thu bai sinh vat tang trén). Phycobilin chuyén nang | Iugng cho sc t6 luc lim tang higu qué céc phan ting quang hod (phan ly nude, tao ATP, NADH) Cau 6 (1,5 diém) ¥ ‘Noi dung 6.la ~ Fuchsia Ti ey ngay dai (Em nein) ra hoa khi thoi gian (61 ngn hon TGT t6i han 9 gic = Cay Xanthium lacy ngay ngin (dém dai) ra hoa khi thai gian ti dai hon TGT t6i han 10 gid 6.1b = Xanthium 06 ra hoa a - Anh sing d6 xa kich thich ra hoa 6 thuc vat ngay ngfn. Anh séng 46 xa duge chiéu cudi cing quyét dinh su ra hoa ciia cay _ 62 Lita nurée Ta cay ngiy trung tinh, ra hoa khong (i) phy thude vao thoi gian chiu sng hoe thoi agian t6i (it phu thudc vao thi gian 61 161 han). 63 Cau 7 (1,5 ‘Cay khdng xir ly lanh: gen FEC hoat ding — ma hod protein tre ché cdc gen khée quy dinh sy ra hoa — cay khéng ra hoa Cay xir ly lanh: gen FLC bi irc ché hoat ding — cdc gen ra hoa hoat déng — cay ra hoa Thé dét bién gen FLC c6 gen FLC bj tre ché hoat dong —> cdc gen ra hoa hoat déng — cy ra hoa khdng can xit ly tanh, NGi dung Ta Kha nang I Cay P chiw ngdp Gng. Giai thich: Cay P ting tich Tay @tilen, Ca — gay chét tf bao theo chuong trinh, tao ra céc khoang rong chita khi giup cdy vugt diéu kign thiéu 6xi Khé nang 2: Cay P khong chiu ngap ting. Gidi thich: Do diéu kign thiéu oxi — cay hé hdp ki khi, to ra nhieu étanol, ailen, Ca”, gay ngo dc cho efy. (Thi sinh chi cdn néu mét trong edc khé ning va co’ so lap ludn phit hop la dat diém ¥ nay) 7b Hinh (A) twong ing v6i 16 BC, Hinh (B) twong ii voi 10 TN ~ Céu trie r& & inh B 6 nhimg té bao vé r& chét theo churong trinh — tgo thinh cdc khoang chita khi (ki higu 5) —> cay song trong diéu kign ng§p (thi nghigm). - Clu tric r& 6 Hinh A céc té bio sinh truéng binh throng — cay s6ng trong digu kign dui 6xi > cay khéng bj ngép (déi chimg), Te (1) Bao vé cdc mo bén trong, hap thu nude va cae chat Khoang (2) Dur trit nude, khong khi (3) Kiém soat dong chat dinh dudng vao hoac ra khdi hé théng din (4) Van chuyén nuée va cdc chat dinh duOng khodng hoa tan trong nuéc tir ré len cac mé co quan trong cay (Thi sinh chi cdn néu 16i thiéu 3/4 phucong an trén duege diém t6i da ctia y nay) ‘Cu trie (3) 1a cde té bao ndi bi, vach te bao tham suberin va c6 thé tham thém lignin (g6) — t€ bao ¢é cdu tao vimg chic —> khng bj pha huy trong diéu kién ré cay bi ngép HDC 3/6Caiu 8 (2,0 diém) a = ¥ NOi dung ~ Phin ap Oxi mau 6 (3) tiny gq | _¥#: Ap lue td nht trai > ap Iyc tim ni phai, 6 ngudi 16 thing gitta (1) va (4) (thong lién nhi), khi tim nhi co, m6t lugng mau gidu Oxi tir tim nbi trai chay sang tam nhi phai. Mau 6 tam nhi phai 6 phan ap Oxi_tng — [An lugt am ting phan ap 6xi_6 tam that phai va dng mach phdi (3). = Nhip tim tang, +Ap luc dong mach chii > p lye déng mach phdi, khi c6 dng thong gitta dong mach phdi (3) va dng mach chit (6) > mdt lugng mau tir déng mach chit chay qua déng mach phdi (3) > giém lugng mau & dng mgch chi — gidm kich thich thy thé 4p luc & cung dOng mach chi vi xoang 8b | déng mach canh > giam kich thich 46i giao cam, ting kich thich giao cém — tang nhip tim. + Mat khée, ting ép lye mau & dong mach phdi kim gidm higu qua trao di khi & phdi/giém chénh léch Ap Ive riéng phan cia khi/ting van te mau mao mach + gidm lugng Oo, tang CO2 trong mau vé tim — ting kich thich thy thé hoa hoc 6 cung déng mach chu va xoang dong mach canh —> ting kich thich giao cdm —» tang nhip tim. (Thi sinh chi sidi thich bang 1 trong 2 co ché nhw trén la dug diém ti da ciia y nay) { = Lugng nude tiéu giam. | - Vi khi c6 16 thong gitta hai tam tt phai > Iuong mau tir tam 8c | than 4p Iye loc & cau than giém —> long nude tiéu diu gidm — lung nude tiéu gidm. | - Mat khdc, 4p lye mau giam — kich 'b9 may cn quan cdu tiét renin — kich thich RAS —> aldosteron ting —> tai hap thu Na“, nude ting + long nuéc tiéu gidm. (Thi sinh chi can gidi thich bang I trong 2 ca ché nh trén la duge diém tdi da ctia y nay) ~ Kp lune & (8) cao nhat & pha tim nhi co. -Vi: + Khi tm nhi co ap lye tm ni ting va dat gid tri cao nhdét > chénh léch ap lye gitta tinh mech | 8d | chi trén (tinh mach cénh) va tém nhT gidm —> méu khOng chay tir (8) vé tam nhi— é dong mau 6 | (8) ap lye & (8) tang. + Cac pha con lai la khi tam ni gin — dp lye tam nhT giém — chénh léch dp lye mau giam > mau tir tinh mach vé tam nhi gidm —> Iugng mau 6 (8) gidm —> ap Ive 6 (8) gidm. = Ngudi IL. 8d | - Hé van (4) git (5) (ho van 2 1) > khi thét co, mt lvgng mau tir tam that trai chay nguge Ién tam | nt trai —> dp Ie tam that t6i da (pha that co tng mau) gidm — tuong img ngudi I. Be | - (1) tong ting voi Q; (2) tuong img K; (3) tong ting voi T - Vi + Ap luc t6i da 6 tam nhi phai (1) [a thp nhat (khoang 8-10 mmHg) — (1) tuong img voi Q + Ap luc iéu 6 tm that phai (2) thap hon dp Iye t6i da eta (1) — (2) tuong tng voi K + Ap lye téi da 6 déng mach phdi (3) bing 4 Wwe 16i da & (2) — (3) tuong ung voi T (Hoge ap tye t5i da & tm nh phai (1) la thép nha (khoding 8-10 mmHg) — (1) tong tng véi Q: & (2) 6 bién dong ap luc Jon nhat > (2) tuomg ting voi K; &p luc ti da 6 (3) bing dp luc ti da & (2) > (3) tong img voi T) ‘Cfu 9 (2,0 diém) BZ NGi dung, 9a | - Thdi di&m két thite hoat dng T ¢6 phan ap Oxi thdp hon HDC 4/6= Vi; hoat dOng ho hap I 1a hoat dng thé ra (do ¢6 eo hoanh nang len va thé tich phdi nhd hon) ma khi thé ra c6 phan dp Oxi thdp hon khi hit vao do da thuc hign trao di khi. 9b | + Binh thudng, ép sudt khoang mang phéi thép hon dp suét khi quyén (duong, p hote q) + Hoat déng II ld hoat dong hit vao. Khi hit vao, co hoanh ha xuéng, thé tich long nguc ting > 4p it khoang mang phdi gidm —twong ting duéng p. - Gia (am hon). 9c | - Vi ting luc co co hoanh — ting thé tich ling nguc hon — Ap suat khoang mang phdi cudi giai doan hit vao cing gidm (4m hon). ~ Dudng 4. oq | Viz Bing q thé hign gid ti dp sudt khoang mang phi khi thé ra, Ting lye co co lién sudn trong —> tng hoat déng thé ra ging site -> thé tich ling nguc giam manh — gid tri ap suadt khoang mang _phdi cudi giai doan thé ra ting, tite gid tri q thay 46i (q tang) 9d | - Giam. ~ Vi lugng dich ké gitta phé nang va mao mach ting — khoang cach khuéch tan ting — tdc d6 trao |__| déi ki giam. 9e | - Nhip tha = 60 thoi gian 1 nhip ho hap (hit vo va thé ra) = 60 * (3x2) = 10 (ahip/phit) = Thé tich khi luu thng = (tng thé tich khi luu thng qua phéi trong 1 phiit) = nhip hé hép = 6800 + 10 = 680 (ml). _ Cau 10 (1,5 diém) Y Noi dung _ = TE bio loai I nlm trong khodng vi tri tir (1) dén (2). 10a | - Vi t8 bao logi I c6 bom tai hp thu glucose — té bio nay nim 6 éng lugn gan (tuong img vi tri tir (1) dén (2). — -M la axit amin; N 1a uré; P la Na‘; Q la nude. ~ Vi & didu kign binh thuong: + Axit amin duge tai hap thu hoan toan éng Ign gin —> Ivong axit amin cén lai trong éng than tir vj tri quai Henle dén Ong gép la 0 (tuong tg véi M). + Khodng 99% nude, Na* trong nude tiéu dau dugc tai hap thu nén ti Ig ham lugng nurée, Na* trong nudc tiéu chinh thie (vj tri (5)) 1a khoang 1% (tuong img, P hode Q), | + Qué trinh tdi hap thu nude dign ra 6 tit c cde vi tri ca ‘éng than > lugng nude trong éng thén top | sidm dan tir dng lugn gan dén éng gop (twong img Q). | + Nhanh xuéng quai Henle khong tai hap thu Na* 6 nén ti 1é ham hrong Nat tang Jén; tir nhanh [én | quai Henle dén éng g6p tiép tuc dign ra sy tai hap thu Na‘ — ti 1g ham lugng Na* giam nhanh tir khoang gitta dén cudi quai Henle —> gidm dan (tuong tg P). + Chat con lai (N) la ure. Uré duge tai hap thu 6 éng Iugn gan. Tir gan cudi éng lyon jén gan quai Henle, uré tir dich ké tuy thn khuéch tén vo nén long uré ting. Tir ing luon xa dén éng e6p, ure Khuéch tan tir dich loc vio dich ké nén Iwong uré gidm dan. Két qua l& Khodng 50% uré durge tai hap thu — ti Ig ham lugng uré & vi tri s6 (5) con khoang 50%. = = Chat N (uré) va cht Q (nude). 10c | - Vi: Ap sudt thim théu giam (— tte ché ving dudi hap thu nude 6 éng gop gidm — ap sudt tham thdu ving tuy than ting — tai hp thu uré & éng gép gidm — ti I@ ham long, uuré (N) va nude (Q) tan; Tod [= Mite hoat déng cia bom (Na/K*) gidm._ HDC 5/6- Vi: Gidm nhay cam cia thy thé 4p Ive mau 6 b6 may cn quan cdu — gidm tiét renin > gidm | hoat dong RAAS —> giim Iugng aldosteron > giam hoat déng ciia bom Na*/K* 6 té bao éng lun } xa — gidm tai hap thu Na’, giam tiét K*. Cau 11 (1,0 diém) v __NOi dung ~X la GH, Y la Testostérén, Z la IX ~ Vi é ngudi binh thudng khée manh: + Mite anh hung cia hoocmén testostérén dén sinh truéng ciia co thé tang tir thoi ki tién day thi va dat dinh & giai dogn day thi (12-16 tuéi) (twong img Y). 11a | + Hoocmén tiréxin c6 thy thé tiép nhan & hau hét moi logi té bao ca co thé. Giai doan dau doi, hé than kinh phat trién manh va mirc anh hudng ca hoocmén nay d6i vi co thé duge thé hign manh ngay & nhitng nam dau di (1-4 tudi) (trong img Z). | + Hoocmén GH anh huéng én sy sinh trudéng cla co xuong, xuong, cae ndi quan nén mite anh __| hudng dén sinh trung manh tir 4 tudi dén tudi day thi (twong ting X), [_ Ham long X gidm; Y Zgiam [= Vi nhuge nang tuyén yén nén: 11b | + gidm tiét GH (hoocmén X); + giam TSH — giam kich thich tuyén gidp ti + giam LH — gidm kich thich té bao Leydig ti Ley tirdxin (hoocmén Z); testostérén (hoocmén Y). ¥ Cau 12 (1,5 diém) Noi dung 12a i doan mat phan cye (Khir eye) va dao cue. = Vi62 giai doan nay, dign thé mang thay di do ting dong Na* di vao té bao. 12b 12 = Trang thai (II). - Vi GABA lam ting phan cuc chimg té lam tng ding K* di ra. Chat X tre ché giai phong GABA. én lam gidm dong K* di ra. - Bigu kién P: Tang tiét A. - Vi P lam tang gid tri déo cue tdi da 6 sgi sau hach déi giao cim —> tang hogt hod kénh Ca* 6 chuy xinap — tang giai phéng Axétincdlin (ACh) tir day déi giao cam tae dong dén té bao vién thanh da day — tang kich thich té bao vien tiét H*. ~ Digu kign & Luong mau dén rugt non tang. | - ViQ lam gidm gid trj dao cy ti da soi sau hach day giao cam —> gidm hoat hod kénh Ca®* & chuy xindp — gidm giai phéng chi truyén than kinh giao cam (Noradrenalin) — gidm co déng mach/tiéu dong mach rudt non > (gidm stie cdn dong mau) —> tng ligng mau t6i rudt non. HDC 6/6BQ GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO KY THI CHON HQC SINH GIOI QUOC GIA ae TRUNG HQC PHO THONG NAM HQC 2021-2022 DE THI CHINH THUC Mén: SINH HQC ‘Thai gian: 180 phuit (khong ké théi gian giao dé) Neay thi: 05/3/2022 Dé thi gdm 05 trang, 12 cau CAu 1 (1,0 diém) Hinh | 1a anh cdc bang dign di cia mét sé phan tt ADN mach thing trén ban gel agardzo. Vi tri cde baing duge danh sé tir (1) d&n (6), Hay tr ldi cdc cu hoi sau: a) Xéc dinh kich thuée tuome 46i (cp nuclé6tt-bp) cua bang din di s6 (2). 3900 bp Biét ring khoang cdch tir giéng (1) dén cdc bang (1), (2) va (3) lan lugt tuong img 1a 2,0 em, 4,2 om va 5,5 cm. ) Tai sao két qua dign di cd nhdng bing nhat nhu bang (5) va bing dim nhu bang (6)? 500 bp. ) Téc d6 di chuyén cia cdc phan tir ADN trong ban gel agarézo (Hinh 1) phy thude vao nhimg yéu t6 nao? CAu 2 (1,25 diém) Gen tyrS ma héa enzim tirdzin-tARN synthetaza ca vi khudn Bacillus subtilis ¢6 ving duge phién ma thinh doan din T & dau 5° cia mARN, Doan dan T c6 chita ba nucléétit bat cp bé sung voi bd ba déi m4 cia tARN, bén nucléétit 5'-UGGU-3" bit cap bé sung véi trinh ty bao thi d déu 3” cia tARN 1a 5’-AXXA-3? va mot sé doan trinh ty bit cp bé sung tao cu tric xoan kép cuc bd. Khi tARN khéng gan. axit amin, doan din T gin déng thdi vi b6 ba déi ma va dau 3° clla tARN, tao nén cdu tric khong két thic phién ma (Hinh 2.1). Khi tARN gin véi axit amin, doan din T gin véi bé ba déi ma nhung khéng gin duge véi dau 3 cla tARN va tao nén cu tric két thic phién ma (Hinh 2.2). Hinh 1 cutricthtng bite ghién ms raat abo tirdein ARN dg ‘ordain feactn he pién ms fox |6xU ,, [6ou Hinh 2.1 Hinh 2.2 Bang2 Hay tra 18i cde céu hoi sau: . a) Phan Ién céc gen ma héa aa-tARN synthetaza & vi khudn B. subtilis duge dieu hoa biéu hign bai dogn din T. Trinh bay co ché hoat d6ng cia doan din T trong diéu hda phién ma. b) Doan dan T kiém soat toan bd phién ma cia gen fyrS. Néu b§ ba S’-UAX-3” trong doan din T cia gen tyrS bj bién ddi thanh 5°-XUA-3" thi diéu hda biéu hign cua gen éyrS sé bj thay Adi nhur thé nao? i c) Gen fyrS duge biéu hién nhu thé nao néu ARN bi dot bién khéng gan duge véi tirézin ké ca khi c6 sin tirézin trong 18 bio? Gidi thich. usCau 3 (1,75 diém) * -Bé danh ddu cde té bao thin kinh bing nhiéu mau hujnh quang khdc nhau, cdc nha khoa hoe thiét ké cu tric “cdu véng” (Hinh 3), tiém cdu tric “ ng” vao phéi chugt (nhiéu ban sao cua “cau vong” cé tl duge chen vao hé gen chu6t) dé tao chudt chuyén gen. Céu tric “edu ving” gdm cé promoter Thy! diéu khién phién ma 6 té bao than kinh; cdc trinh ty ma héa prétéin huynh quang mau xanh ld cy (GFP), mau ving (YFP), mau d (RFP) vi mau xanh lam (CFP); trinh ty tin higu gin duéi polyA (p4) va eée trinh tut loxM, loxN, loxP (goi chung 1a /ox) la céc doan trinh tyr gdm 34 c&p nuclé6tit duge nhin biét dic higu b6i enzim recombinaza Cre (Cre). Enzim Cre gay téi tb hop twong dong gita hai vj ti Jox eiing logi va khong thay d6i trinh ty nuclétit ca /ox sau tai té hgp. Enzim Cre duge biéu hign 6 trang thai khong hoat dong trong t8 bao than kinh va chi hogt héa khi tamoxifen duge tiém vao chudt chuyén gen. “1 toon toa wfronoer mm pBopp_ar a tox loxP (4 “vi thts db pin mi Hinh3 Hay tra Idi cde cau héi sau: a) Cae nha khoa hgc chon duge chudt cai A chuyén gen mang mét ban sao cdu tric “cdu ving” trén nhiém sic thé thudng. Sau khi tiém tamoxifen vao chu6t A, enzim Cre dugc hoat héa. Té bao biéu hién prétéin huynh quang nao sé dugc dénh ddu bing mau huynh quang dé. Nhimg loai té bao dénh. ddu huynh quang nao cé thé quan sat dugc 6 nao chudt A? Giai thich. b) Ngoai chuét A, cdc nha khoa hgc cdn thu duge chuét B chuyén gen cé hang chuc loai té bao than kinh v6i mau huynh quang khéc nhau. Tai sao nao chuét B c6 nhiéu mau huynh quang nhu vay? ¢) Céc nha khoa hoc lai chugt cai A voi chudt kiéu dai (khéng mang cu tric “edu véng”) va thu duge chuét con C mang cau trite “cau ving”. Nao chudt C cé duge danh dau hujynh quang gidng nao chugt A khong? Giai thich. Biét ring cdu tric “cdu véng” khéng bj in vét. Cfu 4 (1,5 diém) ‘MOt nha khoa hoc thu thap duge m6t sé con vet thuin ching mau d6, vang, xanh da tri, xanh 1A cay, tim va tring. Khi lai vet mau thuan ching véi vet tring thudin ching thi luén thu duge vet mau ging bé hoge me. Két qua mét sé phép lai khéc duge trinh bay 6 Bang 4. Bang 4 [Phép lai BS mi Con 1 Dé x Ving 100% Vang (vF1) 2 ‘Vang (vF) x Trang thuan ching 1Dé6: 1 Vang 3 DO x Xanh da tro 100% Tim (tF1) | 4 ‘Tim (Fi) x Tring thudn ching 1 Tim: 1 D6 : 1 Xanh da troi: 1 Tring 5 ‘Vang x Xanh da troi 100% Xanh 14 cdy (IF) 6 | Xanh ld cy (IFi) x Tring thuan ching [ 1 Xanh ld céy :2 Xanh da troi: 1 Tim: 1 Ving :2 Tring: 1S Cac sic t6 c6 thé két hop véi nhau dé tao thinh mau mdi: sic t6 mau xanh da tréi va sic t6 mau 46 tao ra mau tim, sdc t6 mau xanh da trai va sic t6 mau vang tao ra mau xanh Id cy. Néu khéng c6 cdc sic t ké trén thi vet c6 léng trang. Hay tra l6i cde edu hdi sau: | , a) Xéc dinh va vé so dé con during sinh ting hop sic td tao mau léng vet. b) Viét so dé lai cia phép lai 6. Cafu 5 (1,5 diém) Mot dot, bién gen lam gidm hoat tinh enzim G khién hing cdu dé vd, dic bigt khi gap diéu kién bat loi nnhu nhiém ki sinh tring st rét, lam tang kha nang chong chju sot rét cia nguéi mang dt gen nay lam mat vj tri ct ciia enzim gidi han nén cé thé ding enzim giéi han 8 phan biét alen binh thudng G (bj cit thanh hai bing 300 va 200 c&p nucléétit-bp) va alen dot bién G’ (bang 500 bp khong bi |. ADN cila timg ngudi trong gia dinh (Hinh 5.1) dugc diing lim khuén dé nhan ban dogn gen G ing PCR, sin phim PCR duge edt bing enzim gidi han ri dign di (Hinh 5.2). Prétéin G duge tach tir hong cdu cia nhiing ngudi nay, dién di trong diéu kién protéin khéng bién tinh va phat hién bing khang the gc higu (Hinh 5.3). 215ign di ADN Bien ai protein S fa THe We ee STATA 2 ee 4444684444483 1 oo One muon CEinombich tnwbag 500 bp) I Bvontiven 3200p) | 1 5 b —_— = > # og 200 bp| mn soma aes Hinh 5.1 Hinh 5.2 Hinh 5.3 Hay tra ldi cdc cu hoi sau: a) Gen G 6 trén nhiém sac thé thudng hay nhiém sic thé giéi tinh? Giai thich. b) Protéin G duge tgo tir hai chudi pélipeptit, Tai sao ngudi I-1 va II-1 chi c6 hai biing protéin G? ¢) Alen G’ cé tan s6 tuong d6i cao 6 mét sé khu vuc ma bénh sét rét phd bién, tai sao tan sé alen G’ duge duy tri én dinh qua cdc thé he? Cau 6 (1,0 diém) Téc dé & ngudi do mét d6t bién trén gen M. Mac di t6c dé 1a kiéu hinh hiém trén toan thé giéi, nhung quan thé nghién ciru c6 dén 49% ngudi toc 46, Biét ring quan thé 6 trang thai cdn bing. ' @ Na t60 den T12 ClNam t6e éen One toc a6 © Cinam tée 68 ao @ ¢ » onde $agd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}10 11 #12 13 Vv 4 2 Hinh6 Hay tra ldi cdc cau héi sau: a) Kiéu hinh téc dé & pha hé (Hinh 6) 1a tri hay lin va gen M nim trén nhiém sic thé thudng hay nhiém sfc thé gidi tinh? Giai thich. b) Phan tich va tinh xdc suat cd thé IV-1 va IV-2 c6 téc dé. Cau 7 (2,0 diém) Con dudng sinh téng hop axit amin glutamin (Gin) va prolin (Pro) ¢6 chung mot vai sin phdm trung gian. CAc ching ndm d6t bién khuyét dung tir 1 dén 7 can glutamin hode prélin hoc ca hai axit amin cho sinh truéng. Cac ching khuyét duéng duge kiém tra trén méi trudng cé bé sung mét trong cdc chat ‘rung gian H, K, L, M, N hoie axit amin. Két qua duge trinh bay 6 Bang 7 v6i diu “+” chi thi sinh truémg, dau “” chi thj khong sinh truéng, Phan tich két qua va vé so dé con duéng sinh tong hop glutamin, prélin va xdc dinh cdc d6t bién ngin can méi bude chuyén héa. Bang7 ri ‘Chat bd sung Dotbien TK [LM | N [Gin] Pro [GinsPro rf+P-t-t-l+l-[+L + 2 [-[-|-|-/|-[-|+]| + 3_[-[-l+|-|-[-|-|[ + 4 [-.-|-|-[-[*|-|[ + ¢_|-[-l+l+[-|-|-[.+ 6 +]-[-]-]-|-]+ + 7 -~j+]-]-[-]+]- + aSCau 8 (2,5 diém) _. Dé nghién cifu qué trinh phat t4n ciia loai thye vat A, cdc nha [ khoa hoc thu mau tir chin quan thé (QT), méi QT 30 cay, doc theo khu vyc phan bé dai 1000 km va phan tfeh ede trinh ty nucléétit khong chju téc déng cia chon loc ty nhién 6 ADN nhan va ADN ti thé. Két qua cho thdy ADN nhin cia chin QT tuong ty nhau. Tuy nhién, gitta ede QT, khée bigt ADN ti thé én gp khodng 10 lan khac bigt ADN nhdn. Ba QT (QT1, QT2 va QT3) e6 ba hoge bén loai ADN ti thé (loai I, loai Il, logi LIT hod loai IV), séu QT (QT4, QTS, QT6, QT7, QT8 va QT9) chi 6 ADN ti thé loai I (Hinh 8). Hay tra loi cdc cu hoi sau: : a) Khu phan bé cia loai A duge mé rong theo chiéu tir QT1 dén. QT9 hay tir QT9 dén QT1? Gidi thich. b) Trao ddi gen gitta cdc QT duge thuc hién cha yéu nh hat hay hat phan? Giai thich. ) Tai sao cdc QT tir QT4 dén QT9 chi cé mét loai ADN ti thé logi I? d) Tai sao ADN ti thé dugc ding nhiéu trong phan tich tién hoa cia sinh vat? . 8 4) Vige chuyén gen khang thuéc diét e6 vio ADN nan hay vao ADN bio quan (ti thé, Iuc lap) cia cay tréng cé nguy co truyén gen khang thuéc vao thyc vat ty nhién cao hon? Giai thich. C&u 9 (1,5 diém) . Sa gidng cé chit dc than kinh tetrodotoxin trong da, ¢6 bung mau cam va mat mau vang. Khi chim gié cai tin céng sa gidng va tiéu thu lwgng nhé adc t6 tetrodotoxin, ching thuong séng sét va hoe cach tranh nhtmg con mdi nhu sa giéng. Trong cling khu phan bd véi sa giéng, ki giéng X khéng cé chat déc nhung cé bung cam va mit vang rat giéng sa gidng, hai dic diém nay khéng cé @ cc loai ki giéng khéc. Thi nghiém cho thay chim gié ci it tin cong ki giéng X hon ki gidng O (ki giéng O gidng voi X nhung cé bung xém va mit den). Hay tra loi céc cau hdi sau: a) Tai sao ki gidng X cé ti lé sng s6t cao hon ki giéng O? ) Bung mau cam va mit mau vang cia ki gidng X cé phai la dc diém thich nghi khong? Giai thich. c) Trong cing khu phan bé véi sa giéng, 6 lugng ki giéng X sé bién déng nhu thé nao theo thdi gian? Giai thich. d) Vigc ki giéng X gidng v6i sa gidng anh hudng nhu thé nao dén sa giéng? Mau bung va mau mit ca sa ging 06 bj thay ddi khéng? Gidi thich. Néu ki giéng X cing cé dc thi mau bung va mau mat cia sa gidng c6 bj thay déi khong? Giai thich. Cau 10 (2,0 diém) ‘Dong bing xay ra vio mua dong trén céc dong suéi nhé thutng gay ra Idi lut vao mia xudn va khé han trong mia khd, Bang 10 thé hién két qua nghién ctru sé Iuong loai dng vat ciia 3 quan xa (A, B, C) & nhiéu dong sudi co bién dong khdc nhau vé mye nude trong nim. Buibeowe, eae Lowitoon Log 900m (SY 25 @ toni cise ‘ eat 0g 2: Bang 10 Déi tugng nghién ctu Quan x4 A Quan xi B Quan xi C ‘Mire d6 bién dong vé myc: use trong nam (om) 10,11 | 12,59 | 15,85 | 25,19 } 31,62 | 39,81 | 50,12 | 63,10 | 79,43 SO iugng Todi 9 | 13 [2 | ss | 34 [45 | 27 [is | i Tir bing s6 ligu trén, hay trd Toi cde edu hdi sau: a) Tai sao c6 su khdc biét vé sé Iugng loai trong céc quan xa A, B, C? b) Do hoat dng ciia dong bién 4m, nhiéu con bao 46 vao khu vye nghién citu, myc nude trong khu vue nghién ctr bién dng thuémg xuyén o mirc 48 cm. Quan x nao c6 kha nding phuc héi cao nhat? Giai thich. ©) Chon loc ty nhign sé ung h6 nhiéu hon véi nhtmg loai c6 chién luge chon Igc r (chon loc khong phy thudc mat 46) & quan x4 nao? Giai thich. 45Cau 11 (2,0 diém) Oz 1a mot trong nhing thanh phn chinh cia khi nha kinh. Trong gan 170 nam qua, ham lugng CO2 khi quyén da ting khoang 50%. Sy gia tang ham lugng céc khi gay higu img nha kinh nhwr CO> Ii nguyén nhan chinh lam nhiét 46 trdi dat ting Ién. Bang 11 cung cdp s6 ligu vé ham Iugng CO? khi quyén trung binh theo théi gian. Bang 11 Nam 1850 | 1958 | 1969 | 1978 | 1989 | 1998 | 2009 | 2018 Ham Iugng CO: trung binh (ppm) | 274,2 | 315,3 | 324,6 | 335,4 | 353,1 | 366,7 | 387,4 | 408,5 Hay tra ldi cdc cfu hoi sau: . a) Giai thich co ché ting nhiét cua trai dat khi ham lung COz khi quyén tang. b) Do tic déng cia higu tng nha kinh, néu mitc tang nhiét d6 cia tri dat & vi do cao (ving rimg 14 kim phuong bic) va vi do thap (ving rimg mua nhigt d6#) bing nhau, quan xd sinh vat song & vi d6 cao hay thap sé bj tac dong nhiéu hon? Giai thich. . ¢) Trong mt nghién ciru, ngudi ta nhéin thdy Iugng khé CO>2 phat thai tir dat rimg Id kim phuong bic hign nay ting gap 3 lan so véi théi diém nam 1850. Qué trinh nao cia kiéu rimg nay bj tac déng manh mé nhat lam ting phat thai CO2? Gidi thich. Chu 12 (2,0 diém) Phuong an thi nghigm Hinh 12 m6 td mt phan chu trinh nito trong ty nhién. ‘Thye vat VikhuanI Vi khuan IT Min hitu co |—_—$_—>| B |---| Hinh 12 Hay tra Idi cdc edu hdi sau: a) O Hinh 12: A, B, C la nhiing ion khoding nto? Céc ki higu (1), Q), (3), (4) la ede qua trinh nto? Giai thich, b) Hay tt thi nghiém dé chimg t6 su phat trién ca vi khuan II phu thudc vao sur phat trién ciia vi ‘khudn I, Xéc dinh loai vi khudn I, ©) Hay xac dink méi quan hé sinh thdi gitta hai loai vi khudn I va II. Giai thich. ) Hai logi vi khudn I, IT du thuéc nhém vi khudn hiéu khi va c6 déng gép tich cye véi sinh trudng cla thyc vat. Dé hai loai vi khuan nay hoat dng higu qua, nguéi dan nén thyc hién bién phdp canh tac nao d6i vi dat trong? Giai thich. HET- © Thi sinh KHONG dugc sit dung tai ligu; * Gidm thi KHONG duoc gidi thich gi them. 5/5¥ 4 BOQ GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO KY THI CHON HQC SINH GIOI QUOC GIA TRUNG HQC PHO THONG NAM HQC 2021-2022 HUONG DAN CHAM THI Mon: SINH HQC Dé thi chinh thite Negay thi: 05/3/2022 Hudng dan chm thi gdm 07 trang 1, Hwéng din chung 1 Gidm khao cham ding nhu dap an, biéu diém etia BO Gido duc va Dao tao. 2. Néu thi sinh cé cach tra 16i khde dap dn nhung ding thi gidm khao vin chdm diém theo biéu diém cha Huéng dan cham thi. 3. Gidm khao khéng quy tron diém thanh phan cia timg céu, diém ctia bai thi. 1. DAP AN, BIEU DIEM Cau 1 (1,0 diém) _ ¥ [Noi dung a | Cach 7. Gid sir t5c 49 di chuySn ede bing dign di ti tuyén tinh (don bin) vei Kich thude phan doan ADN, thi méi quan hé gitta khong céch di chuyén véi kich thuée phan tir ADN theo ham yeaxtb, Tir dé suy ra: y = -714,29x + 4428,6. Thay gid tri x = 4,2 vo phuong trinh thi duge kich thusse ADN 6 bang (2) = 1428,57 (1428-1429 bp). Ciich 2. Dya vao ty s6 khoang céch va kich thude tinh theo cng thite: x = [(3,5*3000)- (2,2#2500)V/3,5 ~ 1428,57 (1428-1429 bp) (Ngodi ra, thi sinh cé thé lap ludn va tinh theo mét s6 cdch khdc phi hop voi ban chdt héa sinh va dién di ADN cing duge diém t6i da cia ¥ nay) | Tb | Bang dign di dam hay nhat phy thuge him lugng cia tig loai phan doan ADN cé trong mau |_| chay dign di +> ham lugng cao thi bing dm, ham lugng thip thi bang hat | Te | Téc d6 di chuyén cia phan tt ADN (Hinh 1) phu thude vio ede yu 1 | | +Kich thude phan tir ADN + Nong a6 agarézo + Cudng a6 dong dign + Loai dung dich dém, luc dém, ndng 46 ion. (Thi sinh tré Idi dhing méi yéu t6 duoc 50% diém nhung khong qua tng diém ciia § nay) Cau 2 (7,25 dim) a ¥ = Noi dung | 2a | - ARN polimeraza phién m doan dan T cia gen tyrS ~ Khi khéng cé axit amin hoa néng 46 axit amin thip, tARN kh6ng gin véi axit amin 6 thé bit cp véi doan din T 6 vj tri bd ba déi ma va dau 3°, doan dan T tao thanh cdu triic khong két thiic phién ma — phién ma cua gen tiép dign dé tao ra enzym tRNA synthetase - Khi néng dé axit amin dai cao, dau 3’ ciia ARN gin véi axit amin sé khong bat c&p duge voi doan dan T, doan din T tao thanh cdu tric két thie phién ma gay két thiic phién ma > enzym aa-tARN synthetase khong duge tao thanh (Thi sinh tra loi ching méi phuwong dn dugc 50% diém nhung khéng qua téng diém cia y) HDC 1/72b Néu bd ba 5'-UAX-3" trong doan din T cia gen #yrS bj bién d0i thanh S-XUA-3' thi doan din T cita gen tyrS khéng dap ting véi tirézin-tARN™ hay tARN"”' khéng gin tirdzin ma lai dap ing voi loxin-tARN“ hay tARN“ khéng gin loxin, Nong d6 tirézin-tARN™ hay tARN™ khong gan tirdzin khong anh huéng biéu hign gen pS Gen tyrS s€ duge phién ma khi ndng d6 loxin-tARN™ thap va gen fpr sé khong duge phién ma khi ndng d6 loxin-tARN" cao 2e Khi tARN™ bj dt bign khong gin duge v6i tirdzin thi tARN™ lun 6 trang thai khong ean tir6zin va c6 thé tuong tac dng thoi véi doan din T 6 b6 ba déi ma va dau 3’, doan dan T tao thanh cu tric khong két thiic phién ma, gen tyrS duoc phién ma lién tuc Cau 3 (1,75 diém) ‘NOi dung. 3a Khi “cau vong” duge phién ma, mARN sé bi cit va gin du6i polyA sau trinh ty pA dau tién, cde gen ma héa protein khdc c6 thé duoc phién ma nhung ARN thudng bj phan hy. Khi mARN duge dich ma, rib6x6m tim bd ba AUG dau tién va dich ma khung doc mé dau tién > chi gen dau tién ngay sau promoter duge phién ma va dich ma (C6 bin logi t& bao biéu hign mot trong bon mau huynh quang: xanh 1d cdy (GFP), 46 (REP), ving (YFP) va xanh lam (CFP) Néu khong xay ra tai t6 hop gitta cde vi tri /ox thi té bao sé biéu hién protein GFP va c6 huynh quang mau xanh 14 cay Tai t6 hop gitta hai JoxM lam mAt gen GFP, dua gen RFP dén sat promoter nén té bao sé c6 huynh quang mau d6 Tai t6 hop gitta JoxN lam mat gen GFP va RFP, dua gen YFP dn sat promoter nén 1 bao s€ ob huynh quang mau vang Tai 18 hop gitta JoxP lam mat gen GFP, RFP va YFP, dua gen CFP dén sat promoter, té bao sé 6 huynh quang mau xanh lam. (Thi sinh cé thé bién ludn khéng theo trat tu trén, nhung diing, van duoc diém t6i da cita ¥ 3a) 3b ‘Chudt B eé nhiéu ban sao gen chuyén “cu vong”, ti to hop cho phép moi té bao bigu hign dang thdi 2-4 protein huynh quang MGi té bao c6 mite a6 bigu hién protein huynh quang khéc nhau (do s6 bin sao hode vi tri chen) nén phéi hop tao ra nhiéu mau huynh quang khac nhau Nao chudt C duge danh du huynh quang khde nao chugt A Khi Cre duge biéu hign trong té bao than kinh thi cdu tric gen chuyén “cdu ving” kh6ng bi thay 44i trong té bao mam sinh duc cia me Gchudt con C, néu Cre khéng duge hoat héa thi tt c& cdc t€ bao thin kinh déu cé huynh quang ‘mau xanh lé cy, khée voi chugt me A ‘Néu Cre duge hoat héa thi tai té hop 6 céc té bao thin kinh la nhting su kién ngdu nhién, xée sudt 48 m6t-té bao biéu hién mét protein huynh quang nao dé 14 1/4, véi 14n kinh trung wong cé rat nhiéu té bao nén xae suat dé cdc té bao than kinh cla con C giéng me A gan nhu bing 0 (4°%°"), (1,5 diém) ‘Noi dung Lai vet mau thuln chiing véi vet tring thuan ching thi ludn thu duge vet mau ging 66 me > tring 1a déng hop lin Phép lai 6: vet mau xanh Id cay 1a di hop tir vé ba cp gen > cé it nhat ba gen quy dinh mau Jong vet HDC 2/7Phép lai 4: vet mau tim a dj hop tir vé hai c&p gen > cn cé alen tri ctia hai gen dé tao long mau tim, Két hop véi phép lai 3: ~ mau xanh da tri két hgp vi mau dé tgo ra mau tim = edn mét alen trdi dé tao mau lng xanh da trdi va mét alen trdi dé tao mau lng dd | | Phép lai 5 va 6: - 7 : mau vang két hop voi mau xanh da trdi dé tao mau xanh ld cy - vi cin mét alen tri dé tao mau xanh da trdi, xanh 14 cdy dj hop tir ba gen nén can alen tréi cia hai gen dé tgo mau vang | [= Vican alen ti ai gen d& tao sie t8 mau vang, m6t alen tid tao sdo 16 mau dd nén she 1 mau d6 14 tién chét cia sic t6 mau vang, con dudng tng hop: tién chat khong mau > sfc 16 mau 46 > sic t6 mau vang Mau xanh da troi xudt hién déng thoi v6i mau dé hoe mau vang nén mau xanh da trdi duoc tao thanh ‘tir mot chudi chuyén héa Kchéc, tién chat khong mau > séc t6 mau xanh da tro tin chat kndng mau 8+ sbe rd a3 2+ she t6vang mautim —_-mauxanh icéy tibn chit khéng mau —2-esée t3 mau xanh da trot (Thi sinh c6 thé lap ludn céich khéc, nhung diing van dat aiém t6i da cita Y) uy ude: gen A ma héa enzim (Ong hop she t6 mau 46, gen B ma héa enzim chuyén hoa she | tS mau do than sic t5 mau ving, gen D ma héa enzim téng hop sée t6 mau xanh da trd | - Gen D tuong téc cng g6p voi gen A hode B dé tgo long mau tim hoe mau xanh lé cdy | - Alen a at ché gen B trong tgo sic t6 mau vang | - Phép lai 6: AaBbDa (xanh 14 cy) x aabbdd (tring) > AaBbDe (xanh ld cay) : AaBbdd (vang) AabbDd (tim) : Aabbdd (48) : aaBbDd (xanh da troi) : aaBbdd (tring): aabbDd (xanh da trdi) : aabbdd (trang) 5 (1,5 diém) Noi dung : Kidu gen déng hop GG do cé 2 bing. Con trai II-2 chi nh4n alen d6t bién G' ctia me, khéng nhén alen G ctia bé > gen G nim trén gidi tinh X. 5b | Do bat hoat nhiém sac thé X Trong mét nhém té bao, chi alen G trén nhiém sic thé X duge biéu (homodimer) GG, trong mét nhém té bao khéc, chi alen G’ duoc biéu hign tao thanh ddng nhi thé G’G’. Do dé chi c6 hai bang protein G. Se | Trong diéu kign ki sinh tring s6t rét pho bign (vi du: 6 chau Phi), thé dj hgp ti GG" it bi tan mau, | | Khang ki sinh tring sot rét, c6 wu thé hon thé déng hop tit (hay ban hgp tit) nén chon loc ty nhién | duy tri trang thai edn bing da hinh di truyén, Cau 6 (71,0 diém) Y ~ Noi dung 1 6a 51-6 binh thueng o6 con t6e 45 > t6e do i tao déng nhj thé[| Cihi sinh 6 thé lap ludn dica theo Ty thuyét: tinh trang hiém nhung xudt hién ty Ié cao trong quan thé 1 két qua cua ndi phéi véi gen lin nim trén NST thuong, cfing duge diém tdi da ctia y nay). dc sudt con TV-1 nhén alen d6t bign tir bd II-2 1a 1,0 Quan thé & trang thai cn bing thi ti 1é dj hop ti 14 2*p*g, xdc sudt III-1 1a dj hop tir la 2*ptql(2+p*q+p?) = (2*0,3*0,7V/(2*0,3*0,740,3"0,3) = 1,4/1,7 = 0,82 ‘Xac suat dj hp tir truyén alen d6t bién cho con la % Xéc sudt IV-1 téc 6 18 1,040,82*(1/2) = 0,41 ‘Xée sudt HI-9 18 di hop tira 1,0 Xée sudt I-10 1a di hop ti 18 2/3 Xa hop tir truyén alen d6t bién cho con la 1/2 Xéc sudt IV-2 tée dd 18 1,0*(2/3)*(1/2)*(1/2) = 1/6 = 0,167 Cau 7 (2,0 diém) ~ ¥ - ‘NGi dung ‘Xé cde chiing dot bign sinh trudng chi khi duge cung cp glutamin: - Bot bién 4 chi sinh trudng khi cung ep glutamin > d6t bién 4 phé hiy gen ma héa enzim | chuyén héa tién cht thanh glutamin ~ Dét bin 7 c6 thé sinh truéng khi cung cap glutamin hogc K > K 1a tién cht cia glutamin va | dot bién 7 phd huy gen ma héa enzim chuyén héa tién chat th: ‘Xét cdc chiing dét bign sinh trudng chi khi dugc cung cap prol - Dot bién 2 chi sinh truéng khi cung cép prolin > d6t bién 2 phd hiy gen chuyén ha tién chat thanh prolin - Dot bién 6 cé thé sinh trudng khi cung cp prolin hoc H > H 1a tién chat ca prolin va dot bién 6 pha huy gen ma héa enzim chuyén héa tién cht thanh H | - Dot bién 1 c6 thé sinh trudng khi cung cp prolin, H hofe N > N la tién cht cua H va dot | bién 1 phd huy gen ma héa enzim chuyén héa tién chat thanh N Xét cdc ching chi sinh trurang khi duge cung cdp dng thai glutamin va prolin: = D6t bién 3 chi sinh truéng khi cung c4p glutamintprolin hoac L > L a tién chat cho hai nhanh t6ng hop glutamin va prolin, nghia la L 1a tién chat cia N va K, d6t bién 3 pha huy gen ‘ma héa enzim chuyén héa tién chat thanh L - Dot bién 5 chi sinh truéng khi cung cp glutamin+prolin, L hodc M > M 1a tién cht cia L, dt bién 5 pha huy gen ma héa er chuyén héa tién chat thanh M x SE cutamin Cau 8 (2,5 diém) ¥] Noi dung Sa | - Khu phan 66 duge mé rong theo chiéu QTI> QT9; Trong qué tinh di cu, da dang di truyén gidm dan tir nguén do quan thé géc cé thdi gian phat trién dai hon nén tich ly nhiéu dét bién hon va cdc ca thé di cur thudng chi mang mét phan vén di truyén cia quan thé ban dau (higu ting ké sang lap) - ADN ti thé cdc quan thé 1-3 da dang hon ADN ti thé ciia cdc quan thé 4-9 "HDC 4/7_—_———— - ~~ b | - Trao déi gen gitta cdc quan thé duge thuc hién cha yéu nhé hat phan. Néu nhw hat chiza ca ADN nhén, ADN ti thé va ADN luc lap, thi hat phan chi chi chia ADN nhan, - ADN nhén gitta cdc quan thé tuong ty nhau trong khi ADN ti thé khac bigt lon chimg ts ADN. ti thé it duge trao déi gidta cde quan thé 8c = Do bign dong di truyén (higu ung ke s ca thé ving bién cé co ~ ADN ti thé loai I 6 t cdc logi ADN ti thé khée ig lap); Khi quan thé ma rng khu phan 6 thi nhing $i dong g6p di truyén cho quan thé méi cao hon ‘a0 & quan thé 3 nén oé co héi phat tin vao quan thé 4-9 cao hon 8d Cach T: Vi ADN ti thé c6 mot sO wu dim: di truyén theo ddng me; nhiéu ban sao hon ADN nhén, trung binh mdi té bao dng vat hay thu vat c6 hang tram, hang ngan ban sao ADN ti thé; mite d9 dét bién cao hon ADN nhan. | Caich 2: Vi ADN ti thé khéc ADN nhan vén phan l6n bién dj di trayén chi yéu do bién dj t8 hop thi ADN ti thé do dt bién, vi vay téc d6 tich Itty dgt bién ADN ti thé tuong déi én dinh qua thoi gian nén thudn Igi cho wéc tinh tc d6 tién héa cdp phan tir. (Thi sink chi cdn gidi thich theo mét trong hai cdch déu duge diém tdi da cia y) 8d ~ Chuyén gen khang thude digt e@ vio ADN nin e6 nguy co truyén gen bign d6i di truyén vio ty nhién cao hon - Vi: Gen chuyén vao ADN nhén cé thé phat tan théng qua hat hoc hat phan; trong khi gen chuyén vao ADN ti thé hay ADN luc lap khéng thé phat tan qua hat phan > Viée kiém soat phat tan hat phan khé hon nhiéu so véi kiém sodt phat tan hat, qua 913 diém) | Noi dung Chim gié cui hoc duge cach tranh sa giéng nhan biét duge bung cam va mit vang & ki ging ¥ nén n thit ki gidng X it hon trong khi ki gidng O khong ¢6 de diém bao higu bung cam va mat vang nén bj an thit nhiéu hon [9b Bung mau da cam va mit mau ving Ia de diém thich nghi cia ki gidng X vi hai dic diém nay chi 06 & ki gidng X (duage di truyén trong lodi) Khong ¢6 & cée lodi ki gidng khée va hai dae ém nay lam ting ti 16 s6ng s6t va sinh san (Jam ‘ding gid tr] thich nghi/dieac chon loc te nhién giit lai) 5 loai ki gidng X (Thi sinh ¢6 thé ding thudt ngit thay thé viét trong ngottc don dé gidi thich hode khéng) 9¢ - On dinh quanh mic can bing - Vi: Sé lugng ki giéng X duge kiém sodt gidn tiép thong qua ti 1é sé Iwgng ki gidng X so voi sé hong sa gidng (R). Néu R tang cao thi nhieu chim gié eit (non) an ki gidng ma khong bi dBc se tdn cong ki gidng nhiéu hon, kim giam gid tri thich nghi cia ki giéng, s6 luong ki gidng giém. NéuR thép thi ki gidng ft bi tn cong hon, lim ting gid tri thich nghi cia ki gidng, s6 Iugng ki gidng ting 9d) Chim gig cbi &n tht ki gidng X r0r sé &n thit nham sa giong nhiéu hon, lim gidm gid 7 thich | nghi cia sa gidng C6. Vi: chon loc ty nhién sé lam thay déi mau bung va mau mit cia sa giéng dé khée véi ki gidng X, Khong. Vi: Lac d6 chim gié obi s€ tranh &n thit of Ki gidng va sa gidng, dic diém bung cam va mit vang sé duge cing c6 & ca hai loai., HDC 5/7Cfu 10 (2,0 diém) [¥ NGi dung 10a Quin x& A sng trong moi trudng it bign dong vé myc nude (ir 10 dn 15,580m) > moi wuong dn dinh tao digu kign cho loai thich nghi phat trién thanh loai wu thé > da dang quan x giém Quin x B sng trong moi trang od mite bin dong trung binh (tir 25,19 dén 39,81) -nhigu loan trung binh > han ché kha nang phat trién cia loai thich nghi tré thanh loai wu thé, loai bo nhting loai nhay cam kém thich nghi > tang da dang quan xa (Quan xa C sng trong mdi trudng ¢6 bién dng manh (tir 50,12 d€n 79,43) > nhing loai 06 chu ki séng ngfn, kha nang phyc hdi kich thuéc qudn thé nhanh sé tn tai, phat trién, chiém wu thé > da dang quan xa giam 10b Quin xa C Mite bign dng tai 48 cm lon hon gioi bi tac déng nhiéu hon | Mice bién dong tai 48 em gan nat v6i gidi han cia cdc loai o quan xa C nén c6 kha nang phyc hdi nhanh nhét Tra lai ching 3 ¥ duoc 100% diém; ding 2 ¥ cuege 50% diém; ding 1 ¥ khong duoc diém an ca cdc Toai 6 quan xa A va B nén cde quan xa nay 10e Quin xa C sing & mi trutng ¢6 mite bién dong cao > chon Ige tyr nhién tng hd cde Todi c6 chién luge chon loc r. Cac loai ¢6 chién huge chon loc r c6 chu ki sng ngin > nhanh chong khép Kin vong d0i trong mét khoang thi gian ngan khi méi trudng thudn loi. Iugc chon Igc r co kha ning sinh sin cao > sau nhiéu loan quan thé nhanh chéng phuc hdi kich thu6c. (Cae loai c6 chi Cau 11 (2,0 diém) i Noi dung Tal CO: khi quyén ting > d6 day lép Khi nha Kinh ting > han ché su phan xa cla ede tia sinh nhigt (tia séng c6 bude séng dai) qua lép khi nha kinh. Cie tia sinh nhiét quay tro Tai be mt tai dat lam ting nhiét 6. (Thi sinh cé thé vé hinh dé mé ta qué trinh va cé lap ludn phi hop cing dugc diém) T1b Te Quin xa & vi dd thap bi the dOng nhigu hon Gving khong nhiéu > mai trudng ¢6 tinh én dinh cao hom so v6i 8 vi d9 cao che boa thich nghi véi | moi trudmg én dinh nén khi nbigt d6 moi trudng tang > anh huéng dén hoat dng séng cia cic loi 1 xa & vi dO thap c6 da dang sinh hoc (d6 da dang) cao nén kich thuée quan thé nho (do khéng cé loai wu thé, chi c6 nhém Joai wu thé) > khi ham lugng CO» khi quyén tang, tang hiéu img nha kinh, gay bién déi khi hau > nhiing ca thé thich nghi kém bi chét > kich thuéc quan thé c6 thé bi gidm dén/dusi thigu > giam hd tro gitta cdc cé thé trong quan thé, ting kha nang giao phéi gan > quan thé roi vao vong xoay tuyét chiing Hoat dong cia sinh vat phan giai o6 trong dat rimg ‘Lugng min hitu co/xée sinh vat trong dat rimg lé kim rat cao trong qué khif, hoat dong cia sinh vat phan gidi bj tre ché vi nhiét 46 thap > nguén nguyén liéu cung cap cacbon phong ph HDC 6/7Nhigt d6 mi truéng ting > ting tc d6 trao di chat ciia sinh vat phn giai boi vi sinh vat phan giai thudc nhém sinh vat bién nhigt nén nhiét 46 co thé phu thudc vao nhiét 46 mdi trueng > tang téc 46 chuyén hoa cacbon hitu co thanh cacbon vo co ca sinh vat phan gidi Cau 12 (2,0 diém) Phurong én thi nghigm ¥ 12a | Cae ion: A. NEG", B. NOr, C. NO | Céc qué trink: 1. khodng hod/amén hod; 2, 3. hép thu/déng hod; 4. chét + phan huj/phan gi | Tra Gi diing 4 § wo len cho di diém; ding tt hon 4 ¥ khong cho diém Vi khudn amén phan gidi min himu co thinh NH«* | Vi khudn I chuyén NHL" thanh NOs | Vi khudn Tl chuyén NO. thanh NOs NH" va NOs” la nguén nito dé tiéu, thy vat cé thé hdp thu va str dung. Céc phan da chét cia edy tré thinh mim hitu eo do ede yéu t6 v6 sinh hoc hitu sinh Tré lai diing 3 9 tré len cho di diém, it hon khéng cho diém Ni dung 12b | Sir dung chat A lam mai trudng nubi ody Thi nghigm 1: Nudi rigng 2 loai vi Khuan 1, 11 trén moi trudng o6 chia chat A/eo chat c6 NE > vi khudn I sinh truéng dén mét giai doan nhat dinh thi s6 lung gidm do xay ra tre ché nguge, i khuan II kh6ng sinh trudng, | | Thi nghiém 2: Nudi chung 2 logi vi khuan I, 1 ‘trén mdi trudng o6 chita chat A/co chat 06 chira NH" > cA hai loai déu sinh trudng. | Vi khudn I: vi Khuan nitrit hoa/Nitrosomonas ‘Vi khuan II: vi khuan nitrat hod/Nitrobacter 12c | - Cong sinh/cong sinh bat buoe ~ Loai vi khudn II duge Igi vi sit dung chat dinh duéng do vi khudn I tao ra ~ Loai vi Khun I duge Igi vi vi khudn II str dung sin phim cia I tgo ra > giam te dong nguoe sinh cdn tra Idi diing tie 2 ¥ tro én) [12d | Bén phan hitu co/vé co dé cung cap ngudn dinh dudng cho vi khudn I hoat dong. Xi dat dé bé sung oxi, tdi nude, git im cho at > tao méi trudng thudn Igi cho hai loai vi | Khuan hoat déng. peeeteeeney a eeteeeneetned HDC 7/7