Chapter 28

Biomolecules

1. The two functional groups present in a typical 7. Which of the vitamins given below is water soluble?
carbohydrate are [AIEEE-2009] [JEE (Main)-2015]
(1) –CHO and –COOH (1) Vitamin C (2) Vitamin D
(2) >C = O and –OH (3) Vitamin E (4) Vitamin K
(3) –OH and –CHO 8. Thiol group is present in [JEE (Main)-2016]
(4) –OH and –COOH (1) Cystine (2) Cysteine
2. Biuret test is not given by [AIEEE-2010] (3) Methionine (4) Cytosine

(1) Proteins (2) Carbohydrates 9. Which of the following compounds will behave as
a reducing sugar in an aqueous KOH solution?
(3) Polypeptides (4) Urea [JEE (Main)-2017]
3. Which of the following statements is correct?
[AIEEE-2012] HOH2C O CH2OH
(1) All amino acids are optically active
(1) HO OCH
3
(2) All amino acids except glycine are optically
active OH
(3) All amino acids except glutamic acid are
optically active HOH2C
(4) All amino acids except lysine are optically O CH OCH
2 3
active
(2) OH
4. Which of the following compounds can be detected OH
by Molisch's test? [AIEEE-2012] OH
(1) Sugars
(2) Amines HOH2C O CH2OH
(3) Primary alcohols (3) HO OCOCH
3
(4) Nitro compounds
5. Synthesis of each molecule of glucose in OH
photosynthesis involves [JEE (Main)-2013]
(1) 18 molecules of ATP HOH2C O CH2OH
(2) 10 molecules of ATP (4)
HO
(3) 8 molecules of ATP
(4) 6 molecules of ATP OH

6. Which one of the following bases is not present in 10. Glucose on prolonged heating with HI gives
DNA? [JEE (Main)-2014] [JEE (Main)-2018]
(1) Quinoline (2) Adenine (1) n-Hexane (2) 1-Hexene
(3) Cytosine (4) Thymine (3) Hexanoic acid (4) 6-iodohexanal

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11. The predominant form of histamine present in 14. The correct match between item ‘I’ and item ‘II’ is
human blood is (pKa, Histidine = 6.0)
Item ‘I’ Item ‘II’
[JEE (Main)-2018]
(compound) (reagent)
H (A) Lysine (P) 1-naphthol
N
NH2 (B) Furfural (Q) ninhydrin
(1)
(C) Benzyl alcohol (R) KMnO4
N
(D) Styrene (S) Ceric ammonium
H
N nitrate
†
NH3 [JEE (Main)-2019]
(2) †
N (1) (A) o (R); (B) o (P); (C) o (Q); (D) o (S)
H
(2) (A) o (Q); (B) o (P); (C) o (S); (D) o (R)
H (3) (A) o (Q); (B) o (R); (C) o (S); (D) o (P)
N
(4) (A) o (Q); (B) o (P); (C) o (R); (D) o (S)
(3)
†
NH2 15. Which of the following tests cannot be used for
N
H identifying amino acids? [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Barfoed test (2) Biuret test
(3) Xanthoproteic test (4) Ninhydrin test
(4) 16. Among the following compounds, which one is found
in RNA? [JEE (Main)-2019]

12. The increasing order of pKa of the following amino NH2

O
acids in aqueous solution is [JEE (Main)-2019] CH3
Gly, Asp, Lys, Arg (1) NH (2) N
N O N O
(1) Gly < Asp < Arg < Lys
H H
(2) Arg < Lys < Gly < Asp
(3) Asp < Gly < Arg < Lys O O

(4) Asp < Gly < Lys < Arg (3) N Me (4) NH
13. The correct sequnce of amino acids present in the N O N O
tripeptide given below is H
Me
The given tripeptide contains.
17. Among the following compounds most basic amino
Me Me acid is [JEE (Main)-2019]
Me OH
H O (1) Serine
N OH
(2) Lysine
N C
H 2N
H (3) Histidine
O O
OH (4) Asparagine
18. The correct statement(s) among I to III with respect
[JEE (Main)-2019] to potassium ions that are abundant within the
(1) Leu - Ser - Thr cell fluids is/are
(2) Thr - Ser - Val I. They activate many enzymes
(3) Val - Ser - Thr II. They participate in the oxidation of glucose to
produce ATP
(4) Thr - Ser - Leu

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 III. Along with sodium ions, they are responsible 24. Amylopectin is composed of [JEE (Main)-2019]
for the transmission of nerve signals
(1) E-D-glucose, C1 — C4 and C2 — C6 linkages
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(2) D-D-glucose, C1 — C4 and C2 — C6 linkages
(1) I and III only (2) I, II and III
(3) E-D-glucose, C1 — C4 and C1 — C6 linkages
(3) III only (4) I and II only
(4) D-D-glucose, C1 — C4 and C1 — C6 linkages
19. The correct structure of histidine in a strongly
acidic solution (pH = 2) is [JEE (Main)-2019] 25. Number of stereo centers present in linear and
cyclic structures of glucose are respectively :
+ –
+ H3N – CH – COO [JEE (Main)-2019]
H3N – CH – COOH
+ NH (1) 5 & 5 (2) 4 & 4
NH2
(1) (2) (3) 5 & 4 (4) 4 & 5
N+
N H 26. Which of the following statements is not true about
RNA? [JEE (Main)-2019]
+ (1) It usually does not replicate
+ – H3N – CH – COOH
H3N – CH – COO
(2) It is present in the nucleus of the cell
+ NH
NH2
(3) (4) (3) It controls the synthesis of protein
N (4) It has always double stranded D-helix structure
N H
+

27. Glucose and Galactose are having identical

20. Maltose on treatment with dilute HCl gives configuration in all the positions except position.
[JEE (Main)-2019] [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) D-Galactose
(1) C – 2 (2) C – 5
(2) D-Glucose and D-Fructose
(3) C – 3 (4) C – 4
(3) D-Glucose
28. Which of the given statements is INCORRECT
(4) D-Fructose about glycogen? [JEE (Main)-2019]
21. Fructose and glucose can be distinguished by: (1) It is present in some yeast and fungi.
[JEE (Main)-2019] (2) It is a straight chain polymer similar to
(1) Fehling’s test (2) Seliwanoff’s test amylose.
(3) Barfoed’s test (4) Benedict’s test (3) It is present in animal cells.
22. Which of the following statements is not true about (4) Only D-linkages are present in the molecule.
sucrose? [JEE (Main)-2019]
29. Match the following
(1) The glycosidic linkage is present between C1
of D-glucose and C1 of E-fructose (i) Riboflavin (a) Beriberi

(2) On hydrolysis, it produces glucose and (ii) Thiamine (b) Scurvy

fructose (iii) Pyridoxine (c) Cheilosis
(3) It is a non-reducing sugar (iv) Ascorbic acid (d) Convulsions
(4) It is also named as invert sugar
[JEE (Main)-2020]
23. The peptide that gives positive ceric ammonium
(1) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d),(iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)
nitrate and carbylamine tests is
(2) (i)-(c), (ii)-(a),(iii)-(d), (iv)-(b)
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Ser - Lys (2) Lys - Asp (3) (i)-(d), (ii)-(b),(iii)-(a), (iv)-(c)

(3) Gln - Asp (4) Asp - Gln (4) (i)-(a), (ii)-(d),(iii)-(c), (iv)-(b)

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30. Which of the following statements is correct? 34. A, B and C are three biomolecules. The results of
the tests performed on them are given
[JEE (Main)-2020]
below
(1) Gluconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid Molisch’s Barfoed Biuret
Test Test Test
(2) Gluconic acid can form cyclic (acetal/
A Positive Negative Negative
hemiacetal) structure
B Positive Positive Negative
(3) Gluconic acid is a partial oxidation product of
C Negative Negative Positive
glucose
(4) Gluconic acid is obtained by oxidation of A, B and C are respectively [JEE (Main)-2020]
glucose with HNO3
(1) A = Lactose, B = Fructose, C = Alanine
31. Which of the following statement is not true for (2) A = Lactose, B = Glucose, C = Alanine
glucose? [JEE (Main)-2020]
(3) A = Glucose, B = Fructose, C = Albumin
(1) Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to form
oxime (4) A = Lactose, B = Glucose, C = Albumin

(2) The pentaacetate of glucose does not react 35. Consider the following rections:
with hydroxylamine to give oxime dry HCl
(i) Glucos e  ROH  o Acetal
(3) Glucose exists in two crystalline forms x eq. of
D and E o
(CH CO) O
acetyl derivative
3 2

(4) Glucose gives Schiff’s test for aldehyde (ii) Glucose

32. Two monomers in maltose are [JEE (Main)-2020] Ni/H
o
2 y eq. of
A o acetyl
(CH CO) O 3 2
(1) D-D-glucose and D-D-glucose
derivative
(2) D-D-glucose and E-D-glucose
z eq. of
(3) D-D-glucose and D-D-galactose (iii) Glucose o
(CH3 CO)2 O
acetyl

(4) D-D-glucose and D-D-Fructose derivative

33. A chemist has 4 samples of artificial sweetener A, ‘x’, ‘y’ and ‘z’ in these reactions are respectively.
B, C and D. To identify these samples, he performed
[JEE (Main)-2020]
certain experiments and noted the following
observations : (1) 4, 5 & 5 (2) 4, 6 & 5
(i) A and D both form blue-violet colour with (3) 5, 4 & 5 (4) 5, 6 & 5
ninhydrin. 36. The correct observation in the following reactions is
(ii) Lassaigne extract of C gives positive AgNO3 Glycosidic bond Seliwanoff’s
test and negative Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 test. Sucrose A+B ?
Cleavage reagent
(iii) Lassaigne extract of B and D gives positive (Hydrolysis)
sodium nitroprusside test. [JEE (Main)-2020]
Based on these observations which option is (1) Gives no colour
correct? [JEE (Main)-2020]
(2) Formation of red colour
(1) A : Aspartame; B : Alitame;
(3) Formation of violet colour
C : Saccharin; D : Sucralose
(4) Formation of blue colour
(2) A : Saccharin; B : Alitame;
37. Which of the following will react with CHCl3 + alc.
C : Sucralose; D : Aspartame KOH? [JEE (Main)-2020]
(3) A : Alitame; B : Saccharin; (1) Adenine and thymine
C : Aspartame; D : Sucralose (2) Thymine and proline
(4) A : Aspartame; B : Saccharin; (3) Adenine and lysine
C : Sucralose; D : Alitame (4) Adenine and proline
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38. What are the functional groups present in the structure 47. Which of the glycosidic linkage between galactose
of maltose? [JEE (Main)-2020] and glucose is present in lactose?
(1) One acetal and one ketal [JEE (Main)-2021]
(2) One ketal and one hemiketal (1) C-1 of galactose and C-4 of glucose
(3) Two acetals (2) C-1 of glucose and C-6 of galactose
(4) One acetal and one hemiacetal (3) C-1 of galactose and C-6 of glucose
39. Which of the following is not an essential amino (4) C-1 of glucose and C-4 of galactose
acid? [JEE (Main)-2020]
48. Which of the following is correct structure of
(1) Tyrosine (2) Valine D-anomer of maltose ? [JEE (Main)-2021]
(3) Lysine (4) Leucine
CH2 OH CH2 OH
40. Which one of the following statements is not true? H O H H O OH
H H
[JEE (Main)-2020] (1) OH H OH H
O H
HO
(1) Lactose contains D-glycosidic linkage between
H OH H OH
C1 of galactose and C4 of glucose
(2) Lactose is a reducing sugar and it gives
Fehling’s test CH2 OH CH2 OH
H O H H O H
(3) On acid hydrolysis, lactose gives one H H
(2) H H H H
molecule of D(+)-glucose and one molecule of O
HO OH
D(+)-galactose
HO OH HO OH
(4) Lactose (C11H22O11) is a disaccharide and it
contains 8 hydroxyl groups
CH2 OH CH2 OH
41. The mass percentage of nitrogen in histamine is H O H H O OH
_____. [JEE (Main)-2020] H H
(3) H H H H
O
HO H
42. The number of C O groups present in a OH OH HO OH

tripeptide Asp – Glu – Lys is _______.

[JEE (Main)-2020] CH2 OH CH2 OH
H O H H O H
43. The number of chiral centres present in threonine is H H
(4) OH H OH H
________. [JEE (Main)-2020] O
HO OH
44. The number of chiral carbon(s) present in peptide, H OH H OH
IAe-Arg-Pro, is _____. [JEE (Main)-2020]
45. The number of chiral carbons present in sucrose is 49. Which of the following vitamin is helpful in delaying
_____. [JEE (Main)-2020] the blood clotting? [JEE (Main)-2021]

46. Out of the following, which type of interaction is (1) Vitamin B (2) Vitamin E
responsible for the stabilisation of D -helix structure (3) Vitamin K (4) Vitamin C
of proteins? [JEE (Main)-2021]
50. Seliwanoff test and Xanthoproteic test are used for
(1) Covalent bonding the identification of _______and _____ respectively.
(2) Hydrogen bonding [JEE (Main)-2021]
(3) Ionic bonding
(1) Ketoses, aldoses (2) Proteins, ketoses
(4) Vander Waals forces
(3) Ketoses, proteins (4) Aldoses, ketoses
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51. Match List-I with List-II. 56. A non-reducing sugar “A” hydrolyses to give two
List-I List-II reducing mono saccharides. Sugar A is :

(a) Sucrose (i) E-D-Galactose and [JEE (Main)-2021]

E-D-Glucose (1) Galactose (2) Sucrose

(b) Lactose (ii) D-D-Glucose and (3) Fructose (4) Glucose

E-D-Fructose 57. The correct structure of Rhumann’s Purple, the

compound formed in the reaction of ninhydrin with
(c) Maltose (iii) D-D-Glucose and
proteins is: [JEE (Main)-2021]
D-D-Glucose
– –
O O
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below : [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) N
(1) (a) o(i), (b) o(iii), (c) o(ii)
O O
(2) (a) o(iii), (b) o(ii), (c) o(i)
(3) (a) o(ii), (b) o(i), (c) o(iii)
(4) (a) o(iii), (b) o(i), (c) o(ii)
(2)
52. Which among the following pairs of Vitamins is
stored in our body relatively for longer duration?
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) Ascorbic acid and Vitamin D
(2) Vitamin A and Vitamin D (3)
(3) Thiamine and Ascorbic acid
(4) Thiamine and Vitamin A
53. The secondary structure of protein is stabilised by:
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) Hydrogen bonding (2) van der Waals forces (4)

(3) Glycosidic bond (4) Peptide bond

54. Which of the following is correct structure of 58. Deficiency of vitamin K causes :
tyrosine? [JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
COOH COOH
(1) Cheilosis
(1) H2N H
OH
(2) H 2N H
OH (2) Increase in blood clotting time
(3) Increase in fragility of RBC’s
(4) Decrease in blood clotting time
COOH COOH
OH
(3) H2N H (4) H2N H 59. Which one of the following statements is not true
about enzymes ? [JEE (Main)-2021]
OH
(1) The action of enzymes is temperature and pH
specific
55. Fructose is an example of [JEE (Main)-2021]
(2) Enzymes are non-specific for a reaction and
(1) Pyranose
substrate
(2) Heptose
(3) Enzymes work as catalysts by lowering the
(3) Aldohexose activation energy of a biochemical reaction
(4) Ketohexose (4) Almost all enzymes are proteins

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60. Thiamine and pyridoxine are also known 65. Which one among the following chemical tests is
respectively as: [JEE (Main)-2021] used to distinguish monosaccharide from
(1) Vitamin E and Vitamin B2 disaccharide? [JEE (Main)-2021]

(2) Vitamin B2 and Vitamin E (1) Seliwanoff’s test (2) Iodine test

(3) Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B6 (3) Tollen’s test (4) Barfoed test

(4) Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B2 66. Compound A gives D-Galactose and D-Glucose on
hydrolysis. The compound A is [JEE (Main)-2021]
61. Identify the incorrect statement from the following
(1) Amylose
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(2) Lactose
(1) Amylose is a branched chain polymer of
glucose (3) Maltose

(2) E-Glycosidic linkage makes cellulose polymer (4) Sucrose

(3) Glycogen is called as animal starch 67. The total number of negative charge in the
tetrapeptide, Gly-Glu-Asp-Tyr, at pH 12.5 will be
(4) Starch is a polymer of D-D glucose
______. (Integer answer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
62. The water soluble protein is [JEE (Main)-2021]
68. Given below are two statements : one is labelled
(1) Albumin (2) Collagen as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
(3) Myosin (4) Fibrin Reason (R).

63. Which one of the following is correct structure for Assertion (A) : Sucrose is a disaccharide and a
non-reducing sugar.
cytosine ? [JEE (Main)-2021]
Reason (R) : Sucrose involves glycosidic linkage
NH2 between C1 of E-glucose and C2 of D-fructose.
N the most appropriate answer from the options
N
(1) (2) H3C N O given below : [JEE (Main)-2021]
N O
H (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the true
H
explanation of (A)
(2) (A) is true but (R) is false
O
H2N H 3C (3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the true
N N H explanation of (A).
(3) N O (4) (4) (A) is false but (R) is true
N O
H
H 69. Out of following isomeric forms of uracil, which one
is present in RNA? [JEE (Main)-2021]

64. O OH
H OH
H 3C N N
N
(1) (2)
O

H N
O N
HO N H
H
(A)

O
The compound ‘A’ is a complementary base of O
___in DNA strands. [JEE (Main)-2021] HN
HN
(1) Uracil (2) Guanine (3) (4)
O N
(3) Adenine (4) Cytosine HO N
H

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70. Which one of the following tests used for the 78. The number of oxygens present in a nucleotide
identification of functional groups in organic formed from a base, that is present only in RNA
compounds does not use copper reagent?
is ________. [JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
79. Which one of the following is a water soluble
(1) Seliwanoff’s test vitamin, that is not excreted easily?
(2) Barfoed’s test [JEE (Main)-2022]
(3) Benedict’s test (1) Vitamin B2 (2) Vitamin B1
(4) Biuret test for peptide bond
(3) Vitamin B6 (4) Vitamin B12
71. Hydrolysis of sucrose gives:
80. L-isomer of a compound ‘A’ (C 4H 8O 4) gives a
[JEE (Main)-2021] positive test with [Ag(NH3)2]+. Treatment of ‘A’ with
(1) D-D-(–)-Glucose and E-D-(–)-Fructose acetic anhydride yields triacetate derivative.
Compound ‘A’ produces an optically active
(2) D-D-(+)-Glucose and D-D-(–)-Fructose compound (B) and an optically inactive compound
(3) D-D-(–)-Glucose and D-D-(–)-Fructose (C) on treatment with bromine water and HNO3
(4) D-D-(+)-Glucose and E-D-(–)-Fructose respectively. Compound (A) is:

72. Which one of the following compounds contains [JEE (Main)-2022]

E–C1–C4 glycosidic linkage? [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) Maltose (2) Lactose
(3) Sucrose (4) Amylose
(1) (2)
73. Which of the following is NOT an example of
fibrous protein? [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) Albumin (2) Collagen
(3) Myosin (4) Keratin
74. A peptide synthesized by the reactions of one
molecule each of Glycine, Leucine, Aspartic acid
(3) (4)
and Histidine will have _____ peptide linkages.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
75. A polysaccharide ‘X’ on boiling with dil. H2SO4 at
81. Given below are two statements
393 K under 2-3 atm pressure yields ‘Y’. ‘Y’ on
treatment with bromine water gives gluconic acid. Statement I: Maltose has two D-D-glucose units
‘X’ contains E -glycosidic linkages only. Compound linked at C1 and C4 and is a reducing sugar.
‘X’ is:
Statement II: Maltose has two monosaccharides:
[JEE (Main)-2022]
D-D-glucose and E-D-glucose linked at C1 and C6 and
(1) starch (2) cellulose
it is a non-reducing sugar.
(3) amylose (4) amylopectin
In the light of the above statements, choose the
76. In alanylglycylleucylalanyvaline, the number of
correct answer from the options given below.
peptide linkages is __________.,
[JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
77. How many of the given compounds will give a
positive Biuret test_________? Glycine, (2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Glycylalanine, Tripeptide, Biuret. (3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false

[JEE (Main)-2022] (4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true

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82. Stability of D-Helix structure of proteins depends 88. Which one of the following is a reducing sugar?
upon
[JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) dipolar interaction
(2) H-bonding interaction
(3) van der Walls forces
(4) S-stacking interaction (1)
83. When sugar ‘X’ is boiled with dilute H 2SO 4 in
alcoholic solution, two isomers ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
formed. ‘A’ on oxidation with HNO 3 yields
saccharic acid whereas ‘B’ is laevorotatory. The
compound ‘X’ is :
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Maltose (2) Sucrose (2)
(3) Lactose (4) Starch
84. Sugar moiety in DNA and RNA molecules
respectively are
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(3)
(1) E-D-2-deoxyribose, E-D-deoxyribose
(2) E-D-2-deoxyribose, E-D-ribose
(3) E-D-ribose, E-D-2-deoxyribose
(4) E-D-deoxyribose, E-D-2-deoxyribose
85. The structure of protein that is unaffected by
heating is
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(4)
(1) Secondary Structure
(2) Tertiary Structure
(3) Primary Structure
(4) Quaternary Structure 89. Animal starch is the other name of
86. During the denaturation of proteins, which of these [JEE (Main)-2022]
structures will remain intact?
(1) amylose (2) maltose
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(3) glycogen (4) amylopectin
(1) Primary (2) Secondary
90. 250 g solution of D-glucose in water contains 10.8%
(3) Tertiary (4) Quaternary of carbon by weight. The molality of the solution is
87. Glycosidic linkage between C1 of D-glucose and nearest to (Given: Atomic Weights are, H, 1 u; C,
12 u; O, 16 u)
C2 of E-fructose is found in
[JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) maltose (2) sucrose (1) 1.03 (2) 2.06

(3) lactose (4) amylose (3) 3.09 (4) 5.40

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91. Match List-I with List-II 93. The formulas of A and B for the following reaction
[JEE (Main)-2022] sequence
List-I List-II
(A) Glucose + HI (I) Gluconic acid
(B) Glucose + Br2 water (II) Glucose
pentacetate
(C) Glucose + acetic (III) Saccharic acid
anhydride
are
(D) Glucose + HNO3 (IV) Hexane
[JEE (Main)-2022]
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below: (1) A = C7H14O8, B = C6H14
(1) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III) (2) A = C7H13O7, B = C7H14O
(2) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(3) A = C7H12O8, B = C6H14
(3) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(4) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) (4) A = C7H14O8, B = C6H14O6
92. For the below given cyclic hemiacetal (X), the 94. In a linear tetrapeptide (constituted with different
correct pyranose structure is: [JEE (Main)-2022] amino acids) – (number of peptide bonds) is
_____. [JEE (Main)-2022]

95. Given below are two statements. One is labelled

as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
Reason R.

Assertion A : Amylose is insoluble in water.

Reason R : Amylose is a long linear molecule with

more than 200 glucose units. In the light of the above
statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below. [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) (1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A
(2) (3) A is correct but R is not correct
(4) A is not correct but R is correct
96. A sugar ‘X’ dehydrates very slowly under acidic
condition to give furfural which on further reaction
(3) with resorcinol gives the coloured product after
sometime. Sugar ‘X’ is [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Aldopentose
(2) Aldotetrose

(4) (3) Oxalic acid

(4) Ketotetrose
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Chapter 28
Biomolecules

1. Answer (2) OH
A typical carbohydrate contains –OH and >C = O.
CH2 O CH2 – OH
2. Answer (2)
Biuret test is only given by amides. Carbohydrates HO
OH + CH3COOK
are not amides and hence it does not give biuret
test. OH
3. Answer (2) Free anomeric group

4. Answer (1) 10. Answer (1)

5. Answer (1) CHO

3 ATP molecules are needed per molecule of CO2. HI, '
Since one molecule of glucose has 6 C-atoms, the (CH–OH)4 CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3
n-Hexane
number of ATP molecules required is 18.
CH2–OH
6. Answer (1)
11. Answer (4)
DNA contains ATGC bases
H
A – Adenine N
T – Thymine Histamine
G – Guanine H NH2
C – Cytocine At pH (7.4) major form of histamine is protonated
So quinoline is not present. at primary amine.
7. Answer (1) H
N
Vitamin C is water soluble vitamin.
8. Answer (2)
N NH3
+

(– SH) Thiol group is present in cysteine.

12. Answer (4)
HS – CH2 – CH – COOH
Structures of the given D-amino acids are
NH2
+ – –
9. Answer (3) H3N – CH 2 – COO HOOC – CH 2 – CH – COO
Sugars in which there is free anomeric –OH group Glycine (Gly) +
NH3
are reducing sugars Aspartic acid (Asp)

OH H2N – (CH2 )4 – CH – COO –

+
NH 3
CH2 O CH2 – OH Lysine (Lys)
O KOH(aq.)
NH
HO O – C– CH
3
H2N – C – NH – (CH 2)3 – CH – COO –
+
OH NH3
Arginine (Arg)

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 Aspartic acid is acidic, glycine is neutral and lysine 19. Answer (4)
& arginine are basic D-amino acids with arginine Histidine (in strongly acidic solution)
being more basic due to stronger basic functional
group. Their pKa value is directly proportional to COOH
basic strength, i.e., Arg > Lys > Gly > Asp. +
H3N – CH
13. Answer (3)
Me Me O Me OH CH2
H2N
OH NH
H2N C – OH + + H2N C – OH
+
OH N
O O
VALINE SERINE THREONINE
H
(Val) (Ser) (Thr)

14. Answer (2) 20. Answer (3)

– Lysine (amino - acid) reacts with ninhydrin to give Hydrolysis of maltose give glucose as maltose is
composed of two D-D glucose units.
a coloured product (blue purple)
21. Answer (2)
– In furfural test (to distinguish between glucose
Seliwanoff’s test is used to distinguish aldose and
and fructose) dilute sugar solution is added to
ketose.
1-naphthol (in alcohol) and conc. HCl.
22. Answer (1)
– Benzyl alcohol is oxidised to aldedydes using Sucrose contains glycosidic link between C1 of
ceric ammonium nitrate D-D glucose and C2 of E-D-Fructose.
Styrene is converted to
C12H22O11  H2O o Glucos e  Fructose
CH CH 2 OH 23. Answer (1)
Ceric ammonium nitrate test is given by alcohol.
OH
Only serine(ser) contain –OH group.
using KMnO4
24. Answer (4)
15. Answer (1) Starch is a polymer of D-D-glucose. It has two
components, namely
Barfoed test is used for carbohydrate to check
(i) Amylose and
reducing nature of sugar.
(ii) Amylopectin
16. Answer (4)
Amylose has only D-1,4-glycosidic linkage and is
R.N.A contain Uracil a linear polymer
O Amylopectin has D-1, 6-glycosidic linkage in
addition to D-1,4-glycosidic linkage and is a cross-
C linked polymer.
HC NH 25. Answer (4)
U=
HC C CHO
N O
H H * OH
17. Answer (2)
HO * H
Lysine is the most basic among the given amino
acids. *
H OH
18. Answer (2)
H * OH
K + ions act as carriers for nerve signals, are
activators for many enzymes and participate in the CH2OH
oxidation of glucose to form ATP. 4 stereogenic centres

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 CH2OH
* CH2OH CH2OH CH 2OH
O O O O
H H H H Hydrolysis H H
H H OH H H H
OH H O OH H OH H
HO OH OH OH
* *
OH OH H H H OH H OH H OH
(Maltose) D-D-glucose
* * 2 moles)
(2
H OH

5 stereogenic centres 33. Answer (4)

26. Answer (4)
RNA has a single helix structure.
DNA has a double helix structure.
27. Answer (4)
Galactose and Glucose are C4 epimers.
28. Answer (2)
Structure of glycogen is similar to amylopectin
glycogen
– contains D-glycosidic linkages
– is stored in animal body
– is found in yeast and fungi
29. Answer (2)
Thiamine (vitamin B1) : Beriberi
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) : Cheilosis
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) : Convulsions
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) : Scurvy
30. Answer (3)
• Ninhydrin test is specific for amino acids.
• Both aspartame and alitame contains amino
acids.
• Alitame is sulphur containing compound thats
why gives sodium nitroprusside test
• Saccharin also contains sulphur
• Sucralose contains chloro group thats why its
Lassaigne extract gives white ppt with AgNO3.
? A = Aspartame, B = Saccharin
C = Sucralose, D = Alitame.
34. Answer (4)
- All carbohydrates give, Molisch’s test
- Barfoed test is specific for monosaccharide
- Biuret test is used for detecting the presence
of peptide bonds
35. Answer (4)
5 eq. of (CH3CO)2O is used in (i) reaction.
6 eq. of (CH3CO)2O is used in (ii) reaction
5 eq. of (CH3CO)2O is used in (iii) reaction

CHO CH 2OH
H OH H OH
H OH H 2/Ni H OH
HO H HO H
H OH H OH
OH CH 2OH
5 eq.. off (CH 3CO)2O 6 eq.. off (CH 3CO)2O
willl be
e usedd in
n this willl be
e usedd in
n this
Gluconic acid is partial oxidation product of glucose case case
and does not form hemiacetal or acetal.
31. Answer (4) 36. Answer (2)

Glucose exists is two anomeric forms D and E. It

Hydrolysis
forms oxime with NH 2OH and its pentaacetate Sucrose o Glucose  Fructose
does not react with NH2OH because its anomeric Seliwanoff’s
OH group is converted into acetate group. But reagent
glucose does not give Schiff test for aldehyde
Red
d colourr will
32. Answer (1) be
e observed

Hydrolysis Ketose with seliwanoff’s reagent gives red colour.

Maltose
e D-D-glucose
e + D -D-glucose
It is a specific test for ketose.

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37. Answer (3)
3 u 14
Primary amine react with CHCl3 + KOH to give ? % by mas of N = u 100
(5 u 12  1u 9  3 u 14)
isocyanide
Adenine and lysine can react with CHCl3 + KOH as 42 u 100
they contain –NH2 group. = = 37.84%
111
NH2
H 42. Answer (5)
N N
H 2N — (CH 2)4 — C — COOH The amino acids present in the given tripeptide Asp
N N – Glu – Lys are
NH2
Lysine H HOOC — CH2 — CH — COOH,,
Adenine
O NH2
COOH Aspartic acid (Asp)
NH H H—N CH3
CH2 O HOOC — CH2 — CH2 — CH — COOH and
N
Proline
H NH2
Thymine Glutamic acid (Gl u)
38. Answer (4)
H 2N — (CH 2)4 — CH — COOH
H
Maltose is a reducing sugar in which two D-D glucose
units are joined through C1 to C4 linkage NH 2
Lysine (Lys)
acetal
CH2OH CH2OH ? Number of carbonyl groups present in tripeptide
H O H H O H
H =2+2+1=5
OH H OH H
OH O OH hemiacetal
43. Answer (02.00)
H OH H OH The structure of threonine is
D––D –g lu co se D––D –glu co se
OH
Maltose contains one acetal and one hemiacetal.
*
HOOC — CH — CH — CH 3
39. Answer (1) *
NH2
Tyrosine is not an essential amino acid.
40. Answer (1) No. of chiral centres present in it = 2

Lactose contains E-glycosidic linkage between C1 44. Answer (4)

of galactose and C4 of glucose. The amino acids present in the given tripeptide IAe–
CH2OH CH2OH Arg–Pro are isoleucine, arginine and proline
O O * *
OH H OH CH3—CH2—CH—CH—COOH
H H
O CH3 NH2
OH H OH H
H H H
(IAe)
H OH H OH *
E-D-Galactose E-D-Glucose
HN—CH—COOH

41. Answer (37.84)

(Pro)
HN *
HN==C—NH—(CH2)3—CH—COOH
Histamine :
N NH2 NH2
NH2
(Arg)
Chemical formulae : C5H9N3 Number of chiral carbons present in the given
tripeptide is 4.

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45. Answer (09.00) Positive Seliwanoff’s test – Ketoses present
Positive Xanthoproteic test – Presence of aromatic
CH2OH amino acid
HOH2C
H * O H O OH
The Xanthoproteic reaction is a method that can be
* OH H * * H HO * used to detect presence of protein soluble in a
HO O CH2OH solution, using concentrated nitric acid.
* * * *
H OH OH H 51. Answer (3)
Disaccharides Monomer present
No. of chiral centres = 9
Sucrose D-D-glucose and
46. Answer (2)
E-D-fructose
“ D -Helix is one of the most common ways in
Lactose E-D-Galactose and
which a polypeptide chain forms all possible
hydrogen bonds by twisting into a right handed E-D-Glucose
screw (helix) with the –NH group of each amino Maltose D-D-Glucose and
acid residue hydrogen bonded to the C = O of D-D-Glucose
an adjacent turn of the helix” (a) o(ii), (b) o(i), (c) o(iii)
47. Answer (1) 52. Answer (2)
Vitamins which are soluble in fat and oils but
6 6 insoluble in water are fat soluble vitamins, which
CH2OH CH2OH are stored in our body relatively for longer time.
HO 5 O H
5
O OH
e.g. Vitamin A and Vitamin D
4
H 1 O 4
H 1
OH H OH H Thiamine (Vit B1) and Ascorbic acid (Vit C) are
H H H water soluble.
3 2 3 2

H OH H OH 53. Answer (1)

E-D-Galactose E-D-Glucose
The secondary structure of protein is stabilised by
Lactose hydrogen bonding.
54. Answer (2)
A glycosidic linkage is between C1 of
E-D- galactose and C4 of E-D-glucose. Tyrosine is p-hydroxyphenylalanine. Its structure is

So option-1 is the correct answer. COOH

H2N H
48. Answer (4)
OH
Maltose is composed of two units of D-D glucose
which are joined through C1 – C4 glycosidic linkage
55. Answer (4)
6 6
C H2 O H CH2 O H Fructose is a ketohexose.
5 5
O H H O
H H
4
H
1 4
H
1
CH2 OH
OH H O OH H
HO OH
3 2 3 2 C O
H OH H OH HO H
49. Answer (3) H OH
Vitamin K is helpful in delaying the blood clotting. H OH

50. Answer (3) CH2 OH

Seliwanoff test is used to distinguish ketoses from 56. Answer (2)

aldoses. On treatment with a concentrated acid,
ketones are dehydrated more rapidly to give furfural Sucrose 
Hydrolyses
o glucose + fructose
derivative and on condensation with resorcinol give
Glucose and fructose both are monosaccharides.
cherry red complex. Sucrose is non-reducing sugar.

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57. Answer (4) 66. Answer (2)
Ninhydrin test Lactose hydrolysis
 oE  D  galactose
– (Re ducing sugar )
O R O O
E  D  glucos e

—
OH
NH2 —CH—COOH
N 67. Answer (4)
OH
O O O Gly-Glu-Asp-Tyr
O

+ R H + CO2 + 4H 2O
58. Answer (2)
Deficiency of vitamin K causes increase in blood At pH = 12.5
clotting time.
—COOH, and phenol will lose its proton
59. Answer (2)
Enzymes are mostly proteins. They function as
catalysts in biochemical reactions by lowering the
energy of activation. They are highly specific w.r.t.
temperature and pH in their action.
60. Answer (3) 68. Answer (2)
Vitamin B1 — Thiamine Sucrose is a disaccharides and a non-reducing
Vitamin B6 — Pyridoxine sugar because it does not contain free hemiacetal
linkage.
61. Answer (1)
Sucrose involves glycosidic linkage between C1 of
Amylose is a unbranched chain with 200–1000 D–D–glucose and C2 of E–D– fructose.
D-D-(+)-glucose units held together by C1-C4
glycosidic linkage. 69. Answer (3)
62. Answer (1) The isomeric form of uracil present in RNA is
Globular proteins are usually soluble in water. O
Insulin and albumin are the common examples of
globular proteins. HN
63. Answer (1)
O
NH2 N
H
N 70. Answer (1)
Cytosine is
N O Seliwanoff’s test o Resorcinol dissolved in conc
HCl.
H
All other test use copper based reagent.
64. Answer (3)
71. Answer (4)
The given compound (A) is Thymine. It always bind
H O
with adenine in DNA. C12H22O11 
2
o C6H12 O6  C6H12 O6
Sucrose α-D- + -Glucose β-D- – Fructose
O NH2
72. Answer (2)
H3C C N C
C N Lactose is
NH C
HC
HC C CH CH2OH CH2OH
N C HO H
O N N O O OH
H H H
H O H
Thymine (T) Adenine (A) OH OH H
H H H
65. Answer (4)
H OH H OH
Barfoed’s is a chemical test used to detect
presence of monosaccharides from disaccharides. it has E–C1–C4 linkage

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73. Answer (1) 78. Answer (9)
When the polypeptide chains run parallel and are
held together by hydrogen and disulphide bonds, Nucleotide formed by Uracil, the base present in
then fibre-like structure is formed. Such proteins
RNA, is
are generally insoluble in water. Some common
examples are keratin (present in hair, wool, silk)
and myosin (present in muscles), etc.
This structure results when the chains of
polypeptides coil around to give a spherical shape.
These are usually soluble in water. Insulin and
albumins are the common examples of globular
proteins.
74. Answer (3)
The number of oxygen = 9
Combination of n amino acids gives a polypeptide
with (n – 1) peptide linkages. 79. Answer (4)
Similarly combination of four amino acids gives a Vitamin B 12 is water soluble and not excreted
tetrapeptide with three peptide linkages.
easily.
75. Answer (2)
80. Answer (1)
Cellulose contains E-glycosidic linkages only.
Structure of cellulose

W hen (A) is heated with acetic anhydride,

acetylation occurs and –OH group is replaced by

and hence, triacetate is formed.

On boiling with dil. H2SO4 at 393 K under 2-3 atm,

‘X’ forms glucose, which given gluconic acid on
treatment with bromine water.
76. Answer (4)
The given pentapeptide is
ALA – GLY – LEU – ALA – VAL
It has 4 peptide linkages.
81. Answer (3)
77. Answer (2)
Maltose is composed of two D-D-glucose units in
Since dipeptides and free amino acids do not give
biuret test. Hence glycine and glycylalanine do not which C1 of one glucose unit and C4 of second
give this test. glucose unit are linked.

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 Hence in sucrose glycosidic linkage between C1 of
6 6
CH2OH CH2OH D-glucose and C2 of E-D-fructose is found
5 Maltose Ÿ Glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4
5 O H
H H H
H H Lactose Ÿ Glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4
4 1 4 1
OH H O OH H
HO OH Amylose Ÿ Glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4
3 2 3 2 88. Answer (1)
H OH H OH

82. Answer (2)

Mostly H-bonding is responsible for the stability of
D-helix form.
83. Answer (2)

H
C12H22O11  H2O o C6H12O6  C6H12O6
Sucrose D-(  )-Glu cos e D-(  )-Fructose
(A) (B) The sugar gives +ve Tollen’s test hence it’s a
reducing sugar.
CHO COOH 89. Answer (3)
~ ~ Animal starch is the other name of glycogen
nitric acid
(CHOH)4  o (CHOH)4 because its structure is similar to amylopectin.
~ ~
CH2OH COOH 90. Answer (2)
saccharic acid Weight of D-glucose in water = 250 g
glucose

? Weight of carbon in D-glucose

D-(–)-Fructose is a laevorotatory compound.
250
84. Answer (2) = u 72 = 100 g
180
DNA consists of E-D-2-deoxyribose sugar whereas
% of carbon in the aqueous solution of glucose is
RNA consists of E-D-ribose.
= 10.8%
85. Answer (3)
? Weight of the solution is = 925.93
Primary structure is unaffected by heating ? Molality of D-glucose is
86. Answer (1)
250
During the denaturation of proteins hydrogen bonds = 180 u 1000
are disturbed. As a result, the secondary and (925.93  250)
tertiary structures are destroyed but the primary
250
structures remain intact. = u 1000
180 u 675.93
87. Answer (2) = 2.06
91. Answer (1)
The correct match is:
(A) Glucose+HI/Red Po (IV)Hexane
(B) Glucose+Br2/watero (I) Gluconic acid
(C) Glucose + acetic o (II) Glucose
Anhydride pentacetate
(D) Glucose + HNO3 o (III) Saccharic acid
Sucrose All the above reactions establish open chain structure
of glucose.
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92. Answer (4)
94. Answer (1)

In a linear tetrapeptide, four amino acids are linked

and three peptide bonds are present.

Hence, 4 – 3 = 1

95. Answer (4)

–OH on right side will point downwards
–OH on left side will point upwards
93. Answer (1)
Amylose is a linear polymer formed by combination
of D-D glucose through 1, 4- glycosidic linkage.
It is water soluble
So, assertion is incorrect

96. Answer (1)

This is based on Seliwamoff’s test which is used to

distinguish between aldoses and ketoses. Ketoses
give this test more rapidly than aldoses because
they are more rapidly dehydrated than aldoses.

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