You are on page 1of 20

Kontrak Konstruksi

ISI MODUL 9:
Kontrak Konstruksi

 Pengertian Kontrak Konstruksi


 Fungsi Kontrak Konstruksi
 Jenis Kontrak Konstruksi
 Dokumen Kontrak
 Standard Dokumen Kontrak
 Administrati Kontrak
 Dokumen dan Submittals
 Kontrak dalam UUJK dan PP 29/2000
 Kontrak dalam Keppres 80/2003

Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D. SI-3051 Manajemen Konstruksi 2


Daur Hidup Proyek (review)
Kontrak Konstruksi

Project Engineering Use


Planning Construction Disposal
Need formulation and design process
management
process process
process process process

User Project Project Project Facility Facility


Requirements Feasibility Engineering Field engineering use and demolition
And scope And design And construction management Or conversion

Awareness Project Project Full Project Project Fulfillment


of need Concept Scope description Completion and Of need
formulation definition Acceptance
For use

3
Pengertian Kontrak Konstruksi
 Kontrak adalah bentuk perikatan antar dua
belah pihak yang secara sadar dilakukan
untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan
hak dan kewajibannya.
 Kontrak Konstruksi adalah keseluruhan
dokumen yang mengatur hubungan antara
pengguna jasa dan penyedia jasa dalam
penyelenggaraan konstruksi
 Kontraktor adalah istilah untuk pihak kedua
yang terikat dalam suatu kontrak dan lebih
umum digunakan untuk kontrak jasa
pelaksana konstruksi.
4
Fungsi Kontrak Konstruksi
 Mendefinisikan hak dan kewajiban masing-masing
pihak.
 Menetapkan prosedur dan kebutuhan untuk
pengelolaan dan administrasi kontrak seperti jadwal,
gambar kerja, dan inspeksi. Sebagai manual untuk
menjamin kualitas pekerjaan.
 Sebagai perencanaan kualitas yang terkait dengan
spesifikasi untuk material, workmanship, dll.
 Mendukung pula rencana pengelolaan resiko beserta
alokasi resikonya.
 Berfungsi legal yang memberikan keyakinan pada
pihak-pihak yang terikat dalam kontrak bahwa pihak
lainnya akan melakukan tugas dengan baik dan
menghasilkan pekerjaan konstruksi yang berkualitas.

5
Jenis Kontrak Konstruksi

1. Unit price contract


2. Cost-plus contract
3. Lump sum contract
 The nature of the project and the
specific needs of the owner will
determine the form that is most suited
for the project

6
Unit Price Contracts
 The pricing for the various units of work is determined before
the start of construction
 The owner estimates the number of units included for each
element of work
 The contractor need only to determine the unit price bid for
the various items in the contract (include overhead and profit in
the unit price bids)
 Used when the project is fairly well defined but the actual
quantities may be difficult or impossible to estimate with
accuracy until after construction has started. Example?
 Balanced bid
 Unbalanced bid (for cash flow advantage, owner’s error
advantage). Contract should state that the unit price may be
renegotiated if the actual quantities varies by more than a stated
percentage.
 Shortcomings: owner needs more staff to check actual
quantities, actual project cost will only be known after
completion

7
Cost-Plus Contracts

 The contractor is reimbursed for most of the


direct expenditures associated with a particular
project plus an allowance for overhead and profit
 Based on a percentage of the costs, or fixed fee,
or with a guaranteed maximum
 Used when the actual costs of a project or
portions of a project are difficult to estimate with
accuracy. Example?
 Advantages? Disadvantages?
 Not competitive bidding, private sector

8
Lump Sum Contracts

 Or fixed-price is the most common, the simplest


 Less risk of unbalancing bid
 Changes need negotiations similar to a separate
contract
 Plans must be fully completed
 Owners with limited budget
 Construction can be delayed for completion of
plans, errors in the plans will be costly (extras)

9
Perbandingan Jenis Kontrak

Contract Basis for Basis of How


Type Payment Profit Changes
Are
Addressed
Unit Price Measured quantities Included in unit Negotiated
of work performed price separately

Cost-Plus Receipts, Portion of fee Automatically


documentation of beyond incurred addressed as part
expenses incurred costs of the contract

Lump Sum Work performed as Included in pay Negotiated


defined in the items in schedule separately
schedule of values of values

10
Construction contract documents
 Bridge between the owner’s conceptual image of a project and
the actual construction of the physical facility
 Include:
 The construction agreement
 Drawings
 Bid documents
 General conditions:
 Augment the construction contract and outline the rules
under which the project will be built
 Establish the rights, authority, and obligations of the
contracting parties
 Standards: AIA, etc.
 Supplementary provisions
 Special provisions, or special conditions, are more specific for
the job being constructed
 Ex: which materials the owner will provide, etc.
 Technical specifications
 Notice to proceed
 Performance and payment bonds
 Addenda
11
Standard Dokumen Kontrak
 Beberapa bagian dari dokumen kontrak telah
tersedia sebagai suatu acuan standar yang
dikeluarkan oleh institusi profesi atau owner yang
dapat digunakan, diedit, untuk suatu proyek
tertentu  efisiensi pembuatan dokumen
 Beberapa contoh:
◦ Departemen PU
◦ FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting
Engineers)  www.fidic.org
◦ ENAA (Engineering Advancement Association of
Japan)  www.enaa.or.jp
◦ ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers, UK) 
www.ice.org.uk

12
FIDIC
• The “New Red Book” can be
used in any kind of Engineering
Construction Contract.
• The “New Yellow Book” applies
to the lump sum contract
project where the Contractor
takes participation in the design
work.
• The “Silver Book” applies to the
turnkey projects of
infrastructures or large-scale
factories, where the Contractor
takes on more work and risk
while the Employer’s
participation is small (private
financing or government
financing), but it is strictly
defined upon the investment
and construction period.
• The “Green Book” can be used
in all kinds of small-scale
projects.
• Altogether, these four Contract
Conditions can be applied to
nearly every kind of project,
expect for that of managing
contracting or simply
consulting or designing

13
Dokumen-dokumen
 Di dalam kontrak terdapat kewajiban kontraktor
untuk memberikan informasi untuk dapat
menunjukkan kinerja kontraktor selama pelaksanaan.
Ada informasi yang disampaikan pada awal pekerjaan
dan ada yang harus diupdate secara rutin.
 Dokumen non-teknis:
◦ Payment, performance, and material bonds;
◦ Insurance;
◦ Suppliers, subcontractors, and manufacturers
◦ Cash Flow
◦ Schedule of payment
◦ Health and Safety plan
 Jadwal

14
Technical Submittals
 Dokumen teknis yang disampaikan
kontraktor untuk menjelaskan bagian dari
fasilitas yang akan dibangun secara detail
sehingga dapat dikerjakan dengan baik.
 Contoh:
◦ Spesifikasi alat dan material
◦ Shop drawings
◦ Pre-engineered and prefabricated components
◦ Placing drawing for concrete reinforcing steel
◦ Test result
◦ Sample and mock-ups
◦ Constructor proposals
15
Administrasi Kontrak
 Kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan dan
memelihara hubungan kontraktual yang produktif
dan positif.
 Beberapa hal dan prosedur yang harus
diperhatikan dalam administrasi kontrak:
◦ Wakil dari owner (RPR)
◦ Quality objectives
◦ Job site safety
◦ Payment (terms, retainage, liquidated damages, bonus)
◦ Dokumen dan Submittals
◦ Change orders
◦ Koordinasi
◦ Dukomentasi (komunikasi, job records)
16
Kontrak Konstruksi
 Kontrak konstruksi di Indonesia mengacu
kepada UUJK (Bab IV, Pasal 22) serta
dijabarkan lebih lanjut dalam PP No. 29
Thn 2000 (Bab III, Pasal 20-23)
 Disebut sebagai Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi

UUJK PP No. 29 Thn 2000

17
Kontrak Pengadaan Jasa Konstruksi
 Kontrak pengadaan jasa konstruksi untuk
instansi pemerintah di Indonesia
berpedoman kepada Keppres No. 80
tahun 2003 (Pasal 29-38).
 Penjelasan Keppres dan Lampiran Bab 2
bagian C.

18
Contoh Kontrak Konstruksi

Surat Perjanjian Syarat Umum Syarat Khusus

19
Tugas 6
 Lakukan kajian perbandingan antara
aturan tentang kontrak kerja konstruksi
yang ada pada UUJK beserta PP 29/2000
dengan kontrak pengadaan jasa konstruksi
pada Keppres No. 80/2003.
 Dilaporkan dalam suatu matriks beserta
penjelasannya hasil perbandingan.
 Maksimum 5 halaman kertas A4.
 Tugas perorangan.
 Waktu 1 minggu.
20

You might also like