Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 02 Geology Optional UPSC IAS IFS PYQs 1979-2021 V 2.0 Upload

    Uploaded by

    prateek priyadarshy
    26 views55 pages
    1

    Original Title

    02 Geology Optional UPSC IAS IFS PYQs 1979-2021 v 2.0 Upload

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    26 views55 pages

    02 Geology Optional UPSC IAS IFS PYQs 1979-2021 V 2.0 Upload

    Uploaded by

    prateek priyadarshy
    1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 55
    & SynepsisIas GEOLOGY OPTIONAL UPSC IAS and IFS Topic Wise Questo ‘rom 1979 to UPSCIFS 2021. Index HOW TO PREPARE GEOLOGY OPTIONAL. (GEOLOGY OPTIONAL UPSC Sylabus JAS & 1). Paper I Section A. Paper I Section B Paper? Section A Paper? Section B 1.1 GENERAL GEOLOGY. “The Solar System Mateos ‘Origin and ierior ofthe cath Age of cath Radioactivity Volcanoes- causes and products, Volcanic belts anthquakes- cases and effects Earthquake bel Seismic zones of India, Seismograps Intensity and Magnitde of Earthquakes Natural ards earthquakes (Paper 2, Uni 6) Island ars, ‘Trenches and mid-oceaic ridges Continent drifts-evidence and mechanism Sea-loor spreading Plat tectonics Isostsy ‘Orogeny and epirogeny Continents ae oceans 1.2. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING 1.2 (A) GEOMORPHOLOGY Basic concepts of goomorphology ‘Weathering and soil formations Mass wasting Landslides Landon Slopes. www.synopsisias i ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 6 Krishna N., DAE, GOL Druinage Geomorphic eycles ane their interpretation ‘Morphology and is relation to structures and lithotogy Coastal geomorphotony Applications of goomorphology’ in mineral prospecting, civil engineering Hydrology and environmental studies ‘Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent 1.2 (B) REMOTE SENSING, Arial photographs and their Intepretations-merts and 6 demerits Electromagnetic spectrum. 8 1B 1B Orbiting, satellites and sensor systems, Indian remote sensing, satelite data products “Application of emote sensing in geology GIS and GPS ~ Is Application 1.3 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY. 10 0 10 www,reedor.com Principles of geologic mapping and map reading Projection diagrams, Stress und strain ellipsoid “4 SuresSstrin relationships of clastic, plastic and viscous materials 1s Sin markers in deformed rocks, 1s chiviour of mincmls and rocks under deformation conditions. 6 Folds classification and mechanics 6 Fault lasification and mechanics 16 Structural anayss of folds " Structural analysis of Fotiatons " Structural anaysis of Hneation, " Situ aay of joint. " Sct anal of faults ” Unconformitis 8 Superposed deformation (only IFS) 1" ‘Time relationship between crystallization and deformation Introduction to petrofabrics (only IFS). 1.4 PALEONTOLOGY 1.4 (A) PALEONTOLOGY youtube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 1 18 & SynepsisIas Species: definition ane nomenelanre » Megafossils and Micrfossils; Different kinds of nicrofossil » Modes of presenation of fossils » Applicaton of microfosils in contain. » Application of microfssis in pettoleum exploration. 19 Application of microfosis in plcostiatic and paleoccanographic studies » Inds fossil and thir signiticanes, 20 1.4 @) EVOLUTION 20 Evolutionary tra in Hominid 20 Equi 20 Proboscidca 20 Sia fanna 20 Gondwana Hora and fae sad its importance 20 Morphology. geological history and evolutionary tend in Cephalopoda, Tilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozea el Ceptalopoda 21 ‘Trilobita, and is stratigraphic uty 21 Brachiopoda, mali Echinoidea 2 Anthozo. 2 Stratigraphic wt 2 Gmptoloidea 2 Miscellanous| 2 1.S INDIAN STRATIGRAPHY 23 Ctassfication of stratigraphic sequences, 23 Lithostratigraphic classification. 23 Biostatigraphic classification 23 Chrovnstratigraphic classification, 4 Magnctostatigraphic classification, 24 ‘The intemelationships of stratigraphic soquences.....24 Distibution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India, 24 Suidy of stratigraphic distribution and tthology of Phanero7oic rocks of Indin with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance 2s ocean tp. 2s Aravalli Supergroup. 2s Stratigraphy of Kuch 26 ‘Transgression and regressions. 26 swww.synopsisias.i1 ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 www,reedor.com Krishna N., DAE, GOL Majorboundary problems Cambrian/Precambrian boundary Permian Triassic boundary Cretaceous Tetiany boundary Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary Study of climatic conditions. Paleogeograply Feneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in geological past ‘Tectonic framework of India, [Evolution ofthe Himabayas 1.6 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology 1.6 (A) HYDROGEOLOGY Hydrologic eycle and genetic classifica ‘Movement of subsurface water. Springs Porosity, permeability Hydraulic conductivity “Transmissvity and storage coefficient Classification of agi Watersearing chareteritis of rocks Groundwater chemistry Saltwater intrasion ‘Typos of wells Drainage basin moxphomety Exploration of groundvater. Groundwater recharge Problems and management of groundwater Rainwater hanes 1.6 (B) ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams. ‘Tunnels Highways, railways and bridges Rock as consttion materi Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation Earthquake resist traces 2.1 MINERALOGY. 2.1 (A) CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. youtube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 2 26 26 26 26 26 a a the a a a 8 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 2» 29 2» 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 2 & SynepsisIas Classification of crystals imo systems and classes of International system of crystallographic (Hermann Mauguin notation), Use of projeton diagran Crystal defects (only IFS). Elements of X-ay crystallography Petrological microscope and accessories (only IFS) 2.2 (B) MINERALOGY. 32 notation 3 {0 represent erystal symmety 3 33 3 33 34 Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups Stacia casifiation of silicates Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks Minerals ofthe carbonate groups. Minerals ofthe Phosphate groups Minerals ofthe Sulphide groups Minors ofthe Halide sronps Clay minerals (only 1S) 2.2 (C) OPTICAL MINERALOGY. Optical properties of common rock forming miners Pleoctroism Extinction angle Doviblerfation Bircfingence winning Dispersion in minerals 2.2 IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY 2.2(A) IGNEOUS PETROLOGY. Generation and crystallization of magmas. Coysallization of abite-anotite system, Cvstlization of Diopside-anonhite systems. Ceystlization of Diopside-wollastonitesilica system Bowen's Reaction principle Magia differentiation and assimilation 34 34 a 34 3s 38 ms 36 36 37 3 37 37 38 38 ® 38 39 39 39 Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of ‘igneous rocks Petrography and petmogencsis of granite, Syenite, dione, basic and ultmbasie groups swww.synopsisias.i1 ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 39 40 40 www,reedor.com Krishna N., DAE, GOL Charnock Anonbosit Alkaline rocks Caboratits Deccan voleanic province 2.2 (B) METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY. ‘Types and agents of metamorphism, “Metamomphic grades and nes Phase rule Facies of regional nd contact melanorpisn ACE and AKF diggras, Te sand srcturs of metamorphic rocks. ‘Motamorphism of arenaccous rocks. ‘Metamorphism of anilacous rocks ‘Metamomphism of basic rocks Mineral assemblages, Retrograde melamompism. ‘Motasomtism and ganization, Migmaties Graalit erin of India 123 SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY. 40 40 40 41 4 2 2 2 2 2 4a a 4 4 4 4 “4 4 4s Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation Digenesis and ithiicaton ‘Clasticand nor-lsticrcks-thir classification. etograpy and depositional envionment Sedimentary fics Provenance. sea nary stmtures and her significance Heavy mierals and ter significance Sedimentary basins of India 2.4 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 2.4 (A) ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. (Ore, om minerals and gangue, enor of ore ‘Cassiicaton of or deposits Process of formation of minerals deposits Contos of or localization, (ve textures and stature “Metallogeic epochs and provinces. youtube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 3 45 4s 45 as 46 46 46 46 ar a ar a a 48 48 & SynepsisIas 214 (8) GEOLOGY OF INDIAN DEPOSITS 48 Alum, 48 Chromium 4 Copper 48 Got 48 tron 48 Lead zine 48 Manganese 48 ‘Titaninm, 48 sani sn hora 48 Industrial minerals 49 Mis, 49 Deposits of coal in Inia 49 Deposits of petroleum in India, “9 National Mineral Policy 4” Conservation and utilization of mineral resource $9 Marine incr sources 49 Law of Sea, 49 2.5 MINING GEOLOGY. 50 Methods of Prospecting nS ‘Geological Methods of Prospecting 30 Geochemical Mthods of Prospecting 50 Geobotanical Methods of Prospecting 50 Geophysical Methods of Prospecting. 50 “Techniques of sampling 30 Estimation of oe reserve st Methods of exploration and mining- metalic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones st “Mineral Beneficiation and ore dressing, st 2.6 GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY 32 2.6 (A) GEOCHEMISTRY, 32 Cosmic abundance of elements 2 Composition ofthe planets and metvorites 32 Structure and composition of Earth and distribution of clement, 32 ‘Tre elements 32 Elements of erystal chemistry swww.synopsisias.i1 ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 www,reedor.com Krishna N., DAE, GOL Coordination number 53 Isomorphism 53 Polymorphism, 33 Elementary thermodynamic, 3 2.6 (B) ENVIRONMENT GEOLOGY st Natural hazards st Floods st ‘Mass wasting and Landi, ss ‘Coastal hazards, Coastal erosion, st Earthquakes and mitigation ss Voleani activity and mitigation ss Environmental impact of wbanization, st Mining, st Open cast mining st Industrial and radioactive waste disposal. st Use of fenilizes ss Dumping of mine waste and fy ash ss Pollution of ground and surface wate. 55 ‘Marine pollution. ss Environmental protection — legislative measures in India $$ Sea level changes: causes an impact. 58 Miscellaneous. 38 youtube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) + & SynepsisIas HOW TO PREPARE GEOLOGY OPTIONAL Dichotomy of geology optional in UPSC Popular optional in Indian Forest Services (IFS, IFoS) Not vey popu in UPSC CSE (IAS) Low selections in IAS, extremely high selections in IFS Other exams: UPSC Combined Goo-Scicnist and Geologist Examination (COGE), NET JRF, GATE Geology ane Geophysics (GG), Challenges of ology optional Supply side constraints Guidance Books, Consolidated study material and coaching Poor condition at university level Opted mosty by Geography optional students, Lite similarity with GS: Perception of no similarity Geomorphology, Oceanograp Environment, Disaster Management Scionce tech Positives of geology optional www.synopsisias.in Scientific optional ‘Short Sylabus: 12 units (Questions repeated from Previous Year Papers Potential to score very high marks Very low competition Geology + Forestry isthe best proven combination for FS, TFS; Same Prins, © ety ey General Knowledge (GK) and General English Papers ‘© Selection depends on the wo options. ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 5 www,reedor.com Krishna N., DAE, GOL ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 & SynopsisTAS GEOLOGY OPTIONAL UPSC Syllabus (IAS & IFS) ake ise FS pes Paper Section A 1. General Geology: The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and interior ofthe eanh and age of ean; Radioatnity; Vokeapoes-causes and products, Voleanic belts, Farhquakes-causes, effets, ears belts, Seismic zones of Inia, nensty and magnitude, Sismograps [sland ares, trenches and midooean ridges: Continental dris- evidence and mechanism: ‘Sealoor spreading. Plate tectonics: Isostasy; Orogenand epirogens Continents and oceans 2 Geomorphology and Remote Sensing: Basic concepts of soomorphology; Weathering and soll formations, Mass waxing; Landforms, slopes and dainage; Geomorphic cycles and their Interpretation; Morphology and is relation to stmtures and lithology Coastal gcomomphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engincorng: Hydrology snd envionmental statis Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent ‘Acral photographs and their interpretation-meris and limitations: ‘The Fectomagnetic spectrum: Orbiting slits and sensor systems Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satelites data products Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Infomation Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ~its applications. 3 Structural Geology: Principles of geologic mapping. and map ‘wading, Projection diagrams, Sires and strain ellipsoid and stess- strain relationships of clastic, plastic and viscous materials; Stain markers in deformed rocks; Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions; Folds and faults classification and mechanics Structural analsis of foks, foliations, lineation joins and fanks, tnconformitcs,Suporposed deformation; Time-tltionship betwe=n crystallization and domain: Jarodbeson to profi Paper I Seeton B 4, Paleontology: Species- definition and nomeneatre, Mogaossils and Micofesis; Modes of preservation of fossils; Dilfeent kinds of rmirofossis; Application of micrfossis in conlaion, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanogeapic studies: [Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equdoe and Proboseiae;Sivalk fauna: Gondwana flor aed fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance. Morphology geologtcal history and evolationary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachopods, Echinoidea and Iimhocoa Stratigraphic uiiity of Anmonoidee, Trlbita and Gropttoidea, Indian Stratigraphy: Classification of stratigraphic sequences: Liestatigphic, biostatigmphic, chonostralgraphic and ‘agnetosatigraphic and their intmeatonships: Distbution ant classification of Precambrian rocks of Indi; Study of stntigraphic Aistrbution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of Inia with reference 'o fauna, Nora and economic importance; Major boundary prblems- CCambriawPrecambrian, Permian’Tiassc, Cretceous/Tertary and Pliocene Pistocene; Sty of clinutic conditions, paleogeogmphy nd igncous activity inthe Indian subcontinent in the geological past Tectonic framework of dia: Evolution ofthe Himalayas 6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology: Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water, Movement of subsurface water Springs: Porosity, permeability hydraulic conductivity, tnsmissvity and storage cooiciem, classification of aquifers, Waterbearing chanctrisics of rocks; Ground-water chemistry; Salt water inision: Types of wells; Drainage basin mompometty: Exploraion for sroundwater, Groundwater recharge; Problems and management of ‘roundsvater, Rainwater harvesting, Engineering propetcs of rocks: Geological imestigtion for dams ‘umels highway, railway’ and bridges; Rock asconsttion neteil, Landslides-causes, prevention and rebilitation; Eathquaks-esstant swww.synopsisias.i1 ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 www,reedor.com Krishna N., DAE, GOL Paper Section A 1. Mineralogy: Clasifiation of ena into systems ad classes of symmetry: Ifemational sysem of enstallogrphic notion, Use of projection diagrams to represent erystal symmetry: Crystal dees Elements of X-ay crystallography. Petrlogical microscope and Physical and chemical characters of rock forming scale mineral roups: Structural clsification of siiates: Common minerals of ‘gncous and metamorphic tocks; Minerals ofthe caibonte, phospte, Sulpide and ale groups; Clay minerals, Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Peochrosn extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, inning and dispersion in minerals, 2 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology: Genemtion and crstalization of migmas; Crystalizaion of abite-anonbite, iopside-anonite and diopside-vollastonitesilia systems: Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic diferentaion and assimilation Petrogenetic significance of the textures and stactures of igncous rocks; Petograply and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, dort, basi ‘and ulinbasic groups, chamockite, anombosie and alkaline rocks, Cabonaites: Deccan volenic province. ‘Types and agents of metamompism; Metamorphic grades and zones Phase mle; Facies of regional and coniaet metamorphism ACF and AKF diagrams, Textures and sinctures of metamomlic rocks ‘Metamorphism of aenaceous, arglaceous and best oeks: Minerals assemblages, Retrograde melamorphism, | Metasomatism and ‘raion, migmates, Granite terrains of India, 3. Sedimentary Petrology: Sodimems and Sedimentary rocks Processes of formation digenesis and lithifeation: Clsic and non clasic rocks-their classifiction, pettsmphy and depositions! fwironment; Sedimentary facies and provenance: Sedimentary sSinctwes and their significance; Heavy minerals and. their significance: Sedimentary basins of India Paper ? Section B 4. Eeonomie-Geology: Or, ow minerals and gangue, tenor of or, classification of ore deposis; Process of fomution of minerals eposis: Contos of ow localization: Ore textures and stctures: ‘Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian eposis of aluminum, chromium. copper. gold, iron, lead zine ‘manganese, anion, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals Deposits of coal and petroleum in India: National Mineral Policy: Consenation and ublization of mineral resources; Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea. 5 Mining Geology: Methods of prospectng-zeoogical, geophysical scochemical and geobotancal; Techniques of sampling: Estimation of reserves or ore; Methods of exploration and mining- metallic ors, indusrial minerals, marie mineral resources and building stones: ‘Mineral benefciaton and ore dressing 6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology: Cosmic abundance of elemenis; Composition ofthe planets and meteorites; Stueture and composition of Eanh and distbution of elements; Trace clemems; Elements of crystal chemistry 4ypes of chemical bonds, coordination umber, Isomomphism and polymorphism: Elementary ‘ormody nami [Natural hazands-‘oods, mass wasting, landslides, costal aad coastal erosion, earthquakes and Yolsanic activity ad mitigation Envitonmental impact of wibanization, mining, open cast mung Industrial and radioactive waste disposal use of frilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly ash; Polluion of ground and suface water ‘marin pollution: Environment protection - legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact youtube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 6 & SynepsisIas 1.1 GENERAL GEOLOGY Syllabus General Geology: The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and inferior ofthe earth and age of earth: Radioactivity Volcanoes- causes and products, Voleanic bells; Eathquakes- causes, effects, earthquake belts, Seismic zones of India intensity and magnitude, Scismographs Island ares, tenches and mid-ocean ridges: Continental drifts- evidence and mechanism: Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics Isostasy: Orogeny and epeirogeny, Continents and oceans ‘The Solar System © Discuss the structure, composition and. elemental our Solar System, (IFS 2021, 15 Maris) ‘© Write in sbout 200 words: Solar System (2007) ‘© Write in about 200 words: Solar System (IFS 2007) Meteorites distribu ‘© How would you distinguish between diferent types of meteorites based on composition, mineralogy and texture? How do meteorite studies improve our understanding of the evolution of the Fanti? (FS 2021, 1045 Marks) + What are Meteorites? Give a detailed account of the classification of meteorites. (IFS 2020) ‘© Discuss the different types of meteorites. (2020) What are meteorites? Give a detailed account of the classification of meteorites, (HFS-2020/10) © What are meteorites? Discuss different types of meteorites. (LFS-20188) + Give the classification of meteorites. How does the study of meteorites help in understanding the intemal composition ofthe Earth? (2018/20) ‘© Write notes om: Composition of meteorites, their classification and significance in geological studies. 01) ‘© Discuss the mineralogical and chemical compositions of various meteorites, with a note on bow meteorites fumish evidence about planetary interiors, 2013) ‘Write very brief notes ~ stony meteorites. (2013) ‘Shon notes: Chondrite and Tektite. (2012/10) + Write notes on the following with sketches as necessary: (a) Name and discuss on Antarctic teortes originating from the Moon. (b) Meteorite in and its age. (2012/20) crater in In © Write notes on the following: Classification of meteorites and definition of equilibrated chondrite and schondite, 2011) + Discuss the eralogical (and chemical) compositions of various meteorites, with a note on www. synopsisias.in www.reedor.com ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 Krishna N., DAE, GOL ho carbonaceous chondrites fumish evidence for planets composition (2009/30) Deseribe Meteorites, Explain in detail thei minerology. Add examples. (TFS -2009/20) ‘Composition of pranets and meteorites. (2008/20) What are Meteorites? Give theirclassifiation, Explain in detail heircharacters. (IPS-2007) Write ertical note, within 150 words, on Meteorites (UPS-2008) ‘Composition of meteorites; their classifieation and significance in geological studies. (2004/20) ‘Write an essay on the cosmic abundance of elements Iustrate your answer by discussing the composition ‘ofthe carth and the meteorites (IFS-2003) Give an account of the following: Mineralogy of meteorites and thertypes (UFS-2002) Write critical note on meteorites (1FS-2001) nportance of the study of In about 150 words cach, give accounts of ‘Composition of Meteorites. (IFS-2001) (Origin and interior ofthe earth (Origin ofthe earth Write detailed notes on: Evolution of the erst of the Earth (1997) Interior of the earth iow do we come to know thatthe core of the Earth is Chiefly made up of ton? How do we estimate the age ‘of coe formation? (IFS 2021, 4-4 Marks) Explain te intemal structure ofthe earth, Add a note ‘on discontinuities with neat sketches. 2020120) Briefly describe the interior of the cath based on compositional layering and seismic discontinties. IMustrate your answer with neat labeled sketch, (IFS 2020/15) Explain the major discon interior. 2016). What are the differen discontim ites within the Eaath fs within the earth picked by seismic waves? What are the pettolapical explanations for cach of these discontinuities? 20- 2015 Describe intemal stricture and composition of the earth, Diseuss various rules goveming distribution of ‘race elements in the earths crust. 2014) What is Seismology? Discuss the ole of seismological studies in understanding the interior of the earth. (URS- 2008) Write explanatory notes on: Core of the eath is Self= Exiting Dynamo (TFS 2008) Answer within 20 words: Mantle ofthe earth (2008) ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 7 & SynepsisIas ‘+ Writ critical note in 150 words on: Core ofthe Earth (as-2003) + Write brief notes on: Structure and intemal composition of earth. (IFS-2003) + Write explanatory notes on the following: Structure and composition of the Ean (2002) ‘Discuss how seismic studies help in knowing. the stir ofthe canth (UFS-2001) ‘+ Give accounts of the following in brief: Stmcture and Composition of the Ean (1FS-2001) ‘© Explain the following in about 200 words: Intemal Constitution of the earth (1999) Give an account ofthe interior o from seismic data. (1992) ‘© Eypltin in 200 words Interior of the earth (1991) he earth as infeed ‘© Draw neat diagrams only (no descrip Item constitution ofthe earth. (1989) + Write brief notes in 150 wonds - Earths interior as n) to ilstate: reveled from Seismic studies © What are seismic waves? Give a detailed account on Aiferent types of seismic waves. (FS 2020) ‘© Explain the nature and effects of seismic waves. 2016) Differentiate beowoen: Primary and Secondary seismic waves (2000) ‘Age of earth ‘Attempt in about 200 words: Radioactivity and age of the varios methods of determining the age of the Earth. Give an account ofthe age determination ofthe Earth onthe bass of radioactivity (2002) © Answer in about 200 words: Earths planetary «dynamics in relation to Tee Age. (1986) Age of rocks ‘© Elucidate with example the principle of determination of absolute age of rocks. (IFS 2021, 10 Marks) ‘+ Describe the following Application of Radioactivity in determining age of rocks. Radiouetivity npt the following in about 200 words cach: Radioactivity and age ofthe earth. (2005) ‘Enumerate the various methods of determining the age ofthe Ean. Give an account ofthe age determination ofthe Eath onthe bass of radioactivity. (IRS-2002) + Explain how radioactivity: as helped in soning out some ofthe geological problems (1987) ‘+ Explain in about 200 words each: Radioactivity and its ‘applications to geological problems (1994) www. synopsisias.in ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 Krishna N., DAE, GOL ‘Voleanoes- causes and products, Voleanic belts Causes and produets What is volcano? Briefly deseibe elevated and ‘depressed voleanc landforms (the each). (FS 2020) What is voleano? Discuss four positive reli features ‘and four negative relief feanes associated with a volcano 2019) What role do gases play in ‘volcanism? What docs Pillow Structures” indicate about the envionment of ‘volcanism? What determines the viscosity of a lava? Why ate extrsive rocks fine grained? (2010) What are volcanoes? Discuss voleanic emptions with spocial reference to India, (FS-2007) Volcanism is a manifestation of plate tectonic processes. Justify. (IFS-2003) Explain the following: Causes and products of volcanism, (1997) Explain: Products of volcanic emptions, (1990) ‘Voleanic belts Explain what is rng of fire? How many plates and ‘eographic areas are associated with ring of fire? 2021/10 marks) What is a volcanic belt? Discuss the causes of Volcanism and products of voleanoes. (2011) What is volcanic belt? Discuss causes and products ‘fryoleanpes, Mlustrte your answer with suitable neat sketches 2008) Why are voleanoes associated with "Ring of fie Discuss the genesis of volcano and write note on their products. 2002) Write brief notes on the following: Pacific voleanic belt (1998) Explain the following: Delineate the volcanic belt of the carth in the world outline, (1995) Write brief note: Relationship between Vok Earthquake belts and arthquakes- causes and effects www,reedor.com What is an earthquake? Discuss briefly the main causes of carthquake, How is earthquake intensity measured? 2016/10) Write a note on the following: Precautions required in construction ofa tll building in an earthquake prone area. 2011) Diseuss: Precautions in construction of buildings in cearthquake-prone zones. 2003) ‘Are voleanoes and eanthquakes related to each other? Explain the various causes and effects of earthquakes, (41998) ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 8 Intensity and May & SynepsisIas + Write brief note: Causes of earthquakes and their seismic response (1997) + Write brief note: Causes of earthquakes and their seismic response (1997) © Weite shor essay on cathquskes giving Indian examples. (1988) Barthquakes and Tsunami + What-are-lchosphori- plates? Disswss-the-theoneof plaetestonies. Which plates were involved when a ‘major earthquake caused tsunami in Indian Osean in 20087 (2021/20 marks) ‘© How do earthquake cause Tsunami? 15-2010 ‘© What causes Tsunamis? Explain various_ mitigation and management measures undertaken in response 19 December 26 sin 2010 that struck the Indian coast. 20+ ‘© How do carthquakes cause Tsunami 2010) Earthquake belts ‘© Write brief note: Relationship between Volcanic and Earthquake bets + What are the causes of earthquakes? Why are the seismic belts confined tothe plate boundaries? 2014) 180 words: Earthquake © Write critical notes, wit belts (FS-2004) ‘© What are the causes of earthquakes? Why are the seismic bells confined tothe plate boundaries? 2014) Selamic zones of India, Selsmographs Write notes in 150 words: Seismic hazard zones of India (2017) ‘© Expliin the utility of establishing soismic. zones 2016) + Describe Reservoir Induced Seismi iy IS) with a particular reference to Koyna earthquake. (2014) ‘+ Write an essay on “Seismicity in India’ Discuss your ‘answer with suitable illustrations. (2007) + What is Seismology? Discuss the roe of seismological studies in understanding the interior ofthe earth, (UPS 2005) ‘© Woiteexitcal note, within 150 words: Seismic Zones of India (UFS-2002) ‘Discuss with examples: Seismicity in relation to Pte Tectonics. (IFS-2000) 4+ Writ critical note » Modified seismic zonation map of| India tule of Earthquakes Differenite between: Magnitude and Intensity of Earthquake, (IFS 2021, § Marks) www. synopsisias.in ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolbagh, Delhi - 5 Krishna N., DAE, GOL Explain the magnitude and intensity as an expression of the size ofan earthquake. Adda note on the damage ‘caused by an earthquake. (2020) Wiha ts-aeartquahe? Discs ethos seuses—oF-eorthquaker How earthquake intensity is measured? 10.2016 Write critical noes, within 180 words; Magnitude of an earthquake (1FS-2001) Natural hazards- earthquakes (Paper 2, Unit 6) How do earthquakes cause damage? How do we reduce the risk of damage by earthquakes? IFS 2021, 15 Marks) What are the earthquake parameters and causes of carthquake? 10-2015 Describe the reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) with particular reference to Koyna earthquake, 15-2014 Discuss the procursor evens that might sign the ‘occurrence of an earthquake. 20-2009) Write briefly on prediction of earthquakes. Explain measures for mitigating their impacts, 10-2009 Write explanatory note: Earthquakes: Their predictions, and remedial measures for mitigation 200720, Earthquake risk in India. 20-2006 Earthquakes as natural hazards, causes, effects and Titignting measures, 14-2001 What should be done in cathquake-prone areas for ‘safety ofthe people and property? 2000) Istand ares www,reedor.com Write explanatory not: island are and volcanic are 2020) What are “island are system"? What are its major characteristics? Draw a schomatic soction through an island ar system and describe all its components 2019) Discuss the following: Morphotectonic elements, seismicity, heat low and gravity anomaly pattrns of an slandare type subduction boundary. 2010) How do primary island ares der from the secondary island arcs? Also discuss their global distribution (as.2006) Write critical notes, within 150 words: Island arcs (ars.2002) Why are modem stand ares restited to specific parts fof the globe? How would you identify island are products in ancient rocks records? (2001) Explain in about 200 words: Island Ares (1996) Deserbe the following: Mechanism of formation of island ares with examples ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 9 & SynepsisIas ‘Trenches and mid-oceanie ridges Write critical note on the following: Formation of smid-oceanie ridges trenches 2009 Briefly describe the following: Mid-Adantic Ridge. 2000 Describe: (i) deep sea trenches, (i) (1999) Explain in 200 words: Mid oceanic ridges and deep sea tonches. 1998 id-ocean ridges Explain the following in 200 words: Mid Oceanic ridges and deep-sea trenches (1997) Explain the following words: Ooeanic tenches. 1994 Explain the following: The relation between depth and ‘ge ofthe oceanic crust near midoceanic ridges. Continent drifts-evidence and mechanism What are the evidence supporting “continent dif \heory and what are its imitations? 2019 ‘What ae the main features that fed tothe Formulation ofthe continental drift theory 72014 Give accounts of the present status of the theory of Continental Dri’ in the Tight of geological and seophysical evidence 2010 \Write critical not in around 150 words Difference between continental drift and plate tectonics 2014 Continental drift and plate tectonics (Questions included in Plate Tectonics Seacfloor spreading Discuss the mechanism of seafloor spreading and give four evidences indicating the expansion in oceanic emus. (2020) Sca-loor spreading and associated volcanism giving suitable eximples.2014 Describe the following in about 250 words car Spreading Ocean ridges 2013 Explain the evidences and mechanism of seafloor spreading 2011 ‘What is seafloor spreading? Diseus its evidences and mechanism. 2006 Discuss the significance and mechanism of seafloor spreading 2003 Deserve: seafloor spreading significance 1999 and discuss their Explain in 200 words: Sea-loor spreading-a preamble to the plate tectonic thoory, 1995 Explain in 200 words: Seaflor spreading 1991 Explain: Concept of oosan floor spreading 1989 Plate tectonics www.synopsisias.in ‘What are the evidenees in favour ofthe theory of plate tectonics? (IFS 2021, 8 Marks) ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolhagh, Delhi - 5 Geology PYQS (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 10 Krishna N., DAE, GOL What are lithospheric plates? Discuss the theory of plate tectonis. Which plates were involved when a major cathquake caused tsunami in Indian Ocean in 20087 (2021/20 marks) Describe different types of plate boundaries with suitable sketches. 2018 Deseribe the following: Oceanie-Oceanic plate ‘convergence boundaries 2017 Discuss different ypes of plate boundaries and ‘cumerate their characteristics eatures.2017 What are the diferent rypes of plate margins? What lypes of geologic structures and lithology are associated with each type of margin? 30-2009 What are the plate margins? What types of geolog stmmctures and lithology are associated with each type ‘of margin? 2009 “Trace the evolution of the Plate Tectonic thoory and serie ils main features. 1996 What are Geosynclines? Give their significance and ‘explain them visw-vis concep of plate tectonics, 1988 ‘Continental drift and plate tectonies Write critical note in 150 words: Differ between continental drift and plate tectonics. 2011 Discuss in detail the concept of Plate Tectonics. Is it Synonymous to contncmtal drift? 2004 Discuss briefly the theory of Plate tectonics and show how it difters from the hypothesis of Continental rin 1993 Answer in 200 words: Plate tectonics nnd Continental in. 1987) Tsostasy + Whats isostcy and what ae the diferent deories put forward wo explain this concept? (2021/15 marks) + Explain the following in 200 words: Isostasy 1996 + Explain in 200 words: Principle of isostay. 1991 + Write note on the following: Isostasy Orogeny and epeirogeny © Noquestions Continents and oceans www,reedor.com Briefly describe the following: Origin of oceans and continents 2000, Explain in 200 words: Origin of continents and oceans 1990 Inthe light of modern concept discuss the origin of ‘continents and oceans. 1987 ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 & SynepsisIas 1.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING Syllabus Geomorphology: Basic concepts of geomorphology Weathering and soil formations; Mass wasting: Landforms, slopes and drainage; Geomorphic eycles and their interpretation ‘Morphology’ and its relation to siratures and lithology: Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in. mineral prospecting, civil engineering: Hydrology” and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent Remote Sensing: Acral photographs and their interpretation and limitations; The Eleetomagnetic spectrum: Orbiting satellites and sensor systems; Indian Remote Sensing Satellites Satellites data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology: The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) - its applications 1.2(A) GEOMORPHOLOGY Basic concepts of geomorphology © What are the fundamental concepts used in Geomorphologial of the earls topography is older than Tertiary and ‘most oft no olde dha Pleistocene? (2021/20 marks) © Discuss the geomorphic processes, Cite any +? Explain the concept litle four ggradational and four degradational landforms associated with Mavial processes. (2021/15 marks) ‘© Woite critical note on: Role of Regional stcires ia the Evolution of Landforms. 20-2008 ‘+ "Development of landforms is mainly governed by cither tectonics or climate" Justify the statement siving suitable examples Show hoor structare and lithology are architects of smompbology of landforms 2002 + Write eritical note: Major tectonic landforms of the world © Write brief notes on the following: Geomorphic processes and eycles. 1997 ‘© Explain in bout 200 words: Landforms in relation to the nature of rocks. 1988 ‘Weathering und soi formations © Whot is Weathering? Describe differen processes of weathering with suitable examples. CFS 2021, 10 Marks) + Describe thee main controlling factors of soil formation. How does the modem soil differ from the palacosoi? (2020) + Write in 200 words: Weathering ane mass wasting (20,2007) ‘© How does physical weathering difer from chemical weathering? What common sedimentary minerals are www. synopsisias.in ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolhagh, Delhi - 5 www,reedor.com Krishna N., DAE, GOL formed fiom all the chemicals released by the weathering of feldspar and how. 2008 Write notes om the following in 200 words: Soil types and their relation to groundwater Geology. 1989 ‘+ Write notes on- Types of weathering, 1982 Mass wasting + What do you understand by Mass Wast different processes of mass wasting. What are the preventive measures to mitigate the risk of hazards ‘due to mass wasting? (IFS 2021, 1S Marks) + Ditferentiate botween: Planar and Rotation Slides (FS 2021, Paper 1, § Marks) ‘+ Mustrate dtferent typeof mass wasting proceses with suitable examples. Enumerate preventive measures for the mitigation of hazards from mass wasting, 2018 + Why is soliuction more common in cold climate than in temperate climates? Name and explain the key factors that contol Mass Wasting, What role does ater play in various types of mass Wasting? 2010, 30 ‘© Discuss the various causative factors behind different types of mass wasting 2009 ‘+ Write om the following: Weathering and mass wasting 2007) Landslides Note: In syllabus, this topic is mentioned al two places. In Paper 1 unit 6 Engineering Geology, Landslides-causes, prevention ‘and schibilitation In Paper 2 unit 6 Environmental Geology: Natural hazards landslides. As this is relat to geomorphology and mass wasting. the questions are included here © What is a side? Espn the different types and their causes. Give two examples from India, (2020 Paper 1) Briefly mention measures to mitigate landslides 202) ‘© Explain with noat sketches the causes of landslides What are the preventative measures 19 mitigate landalides? Add a short note on the landside-prone areas of India (IFS 2020) + What are lanisides? Explain the causes of landslides ‘and the measures that ean be taken to overcome this phenomenon. (2016, Paper 1,20) What are the various causes responsible for Landslides? What are the suggested measures 10 mitigate impact of Landslides? (2016, 10) Write critical ote ~ prevention of Landslides. (2015; Paper 1.8) ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2021 ~ Updated till IFS 2021) 11 & SynepsisIas ‘+ What do you understand by landslides? Discuss briefly ‘various types of landsides. Comment upon causes and remedial measure of landslides, 15-2014 + Describe the different types of Landslides and the possible rehabilitation measures (2015, Paper 1, 15) ‘© What are the causes of LS? Mention about preventive measures of LS giving Indian examples. 2014, PL 10) ‘© Discuss the ole of groundwater in LS. (2013, Paper 1 10) © What are the preventive measures adopted for landslides? Eyplain them briefly. (2012, Paper 1,20) ‘© Explain various causes ofthe natural hazards of Boodle ‘end landslides. Add a detailed account of the meas {0 mitigate thee impacts. 20-2009 ‘Landslide ~ its causes and prevention, (2005, Paper 1, 20) Landslides as natural hazards: their causes, impacts ‘and measures for their mitigation. 30-2004 + Answer in 150 words — Incidence of Aaede—snd landslides in Inia, 10-2008, ‘© Describe the canses of Landslides and discuss their preventive measures. (203, Paper 1,20) ‘© What ar landslides? Deseribe ther classification and causes, (2002, Paper 1,20) ‘*Landslides- their causes and mitigation” measures. (2002, 10) ‘© Critical notes 150 words ~ Causes of landslides (2001, Paper 1,10) Landforms ‘© Discuss the geomorphic processes. Cite any four ‘geradational and four degradational landforms associated with Mavial processes. (2021/15 marks) ‘Briefly describe nso diagnostic landforms each of hot- rid and cold-arid climate. (2020) ‘What are the characteristics of glacio-fivial deposits? Discuss five glacio-fluvial depositional Landon wit neat diagrams, 2019 + Describe the different types of coastal landforms, 2018 + Write in 150 words- Origin o karst ropograply. 2017 What are ver termees? Discuss their geological significance. 2017 © What are valley glaciers? Deseribe the major landforms produced due to glacial erosion. 2016 ‘+ Describe photo-charactersties of Acolian landfoms. 2018 + Describe the erosional and depositional and forms produced by wind. Give Indian Describe; Development of coastal landforms 2001 examples 2014 www. synopsisias.in ‘Synopsis IAS, Karolhagh, Delhi - 5 Slopes Drainage Krishna N., DAE, GOL Briefly describe: Fluvial landforms, 2000, Describe the landforms of the glacial region 1997 Describe the landforms ofthe ard regions 1998, Describe the following landforms: a, Sand bas, b. Incised meanders, Barrier ref, . River temaces, Crag and tail structure, 1994 Describe the landforms of coustal acas.1992 Write bref note on: Acolian landforms, 1980 Describe the variation of slope along the longitudinal Fiver profile with a brief note on major landforms produced along the length ofa river. 2014 Define diuinage patlem, Drainage texture and Drainage anomaly. Also give their general classification Discuss the significance of those in ‘geological interpretation of arial photos and satel images. (2021/15 marks) Esplin Factors. 2020) What is meant term “drainage pattern’? Draw neat

    You might also like