Institute:

Center of Master
Education Khariyan

Class:
BS CS (6th Semester)
Submitted to:
Sir Qasir
Submitted by:
Sana Basharat
Assignment:
2
Implementing a stack in assembly language is a fundamental task that involves
managing a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure. Here's a general approach to create
a stack in assembly language:

1. Define the stack:

In assembly language, you need to allocate memory for the stack. This can be done by
reserving a specific memory area, such as the top of the memory or a specific section.

2. Stack Pointer:
A stack pointer (SP) is a register that keeps track of the current top of the stack. Initially,
set the stack pointer to the base of the allocated memory area.

3. Push Operation:
To push an item onto the stack, follow these steps:
a. Allocate a memory cell by decrementing the stack pointer (SP--).
b. Store the value you want to push into the newly allocated memory cell ([SP] <-
value).

4. Pop Operation:
To pop an item from the stack, follow these steps:
a. Retrieve the value from the current top of the stack (value <- [SP]).
b. Deallocate the memory cell by incrementing the stack pointer (SP++).

5. Stack Overflow and Underflow:

To prevent stack overflow (when the stack pointer reaches a predefined limit) and stack
underflow (when the stack pointer goes below the allocated memory area), you can
implement checks and handle these situations accordingly.

6. Implementing a Stack Frame:

In assembly language, it's common to use a stack frame for function calls. The stack
frame allows the function to store local variables and preserve registers' values. When
entering a function, push the preserved registers onto the stack. Before returning, pop
the values back to their original registers.

7. Stack Operations in Assembly Language:

Here's a simple example of how you might implement push and pop operations in
assembly language (using a hypothetical assembly syntax):

assembly
; Push operation
PUSH value
SUBSP 1
[SP] <- value
; ...

; Pop operation POP

value
value <- [SP]
ADDSP 1
; ...
Remember that the actual syntax and specific instructions may vary depending on the
assembly language you are using.
In conclusion, implementing a stack in assembly language involves managing a
memory area, using a stack pointer, and performing push and pop operations. It's
essential to handle stack overflow and underflow situations and consider implementing
a stack frame for function calls.