05/019135 At IMI IM
s
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLI
Organization
International Bureau
(43) International Publication Date
‘3 March 2005 (03.03.2005)
PcT
ISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
(10) International Publication Number
WO 2005/019135 Al
(61) International Patent Classiicath
cosB 4145
(21) International Application Number:
PCTKR20040001249
(22) International Filing Date: 27 May 2004 27.05.2008)
(25) Filing 1
anguage: Korean
(26) Publication Language: English
(30) Priority Data:
10-2003-0059236
10-2004-0037452,
26 August 2003 (26.08.2003)
25 May 2004 25.05.2008)
KR
KR
(71) Applicant or all designated States except US}: Die
AMOND MARBLE CO. LTD. [KR/KR]; 18 FL
Korea Life Insurance 63 Bldg, Yeouido-dong, Yeongde-
‘ungpo-gu, Saou! 150-763 (KR),
(72) Inventors and
(75) Inventor/Applicant or US only): LEK, Hakjae
[KR/KR]; clo Diamond Marble Co., Lid "18 FL,
Korea Lite Insurance 63 Bldg, Yeouido-dong, Yeongde-
‘ungpo-gu, Seoul 150-763 (KR),
(74) Agents LEK, Insik; #1114
‘Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu,
(BL) Designated States (unless oshereise indicated. for every
ind of national protection available}: NB, AG, AL, AM,
AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN,
CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, BS,
GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL
KG, KP, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LIL
MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NA, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH.
PL, PT,RO, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SY, TJ, TM, TN,
TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, YU, Z, 72M, ZW.
Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, jor every
kind of regional protection available: ARIPO (BW, Gl
GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM,
2), Burasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU,TI,TM).
European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ. DE,
FR, GB, GR, HU, TE, IT, LU, MC, Ni
SK, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, C
GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, T6).
P
ished:
‘with international search report
— with amended claims
For two-leter codes and other abbreviations, reer tothe "Guid-
‘ance Notes on Codes and Abbreviations” appearing atthe begin
hing of each regular issue of the PCT Gacette
(68) Title: METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR COLORING STONE
(67) Abstract: Disclosed herein js a method for coloring stone. The method comprises electolyzing an oily colorant composition,
& immersing a stone in the electolyzed colorant composition wo colorize a desired color onthe stone surface and coating the stone
surface with a fluorinated resin, According to the method, there is less danger of discoloration during use ofthe colored stone for
4 long period of time. Since the colored stone has desired color and texture, simple colors and textures of conventional stone are
iversified. Accondingl, the method is expected to extend the applications of the colored stone to decorative materials as well as
‘constuction materials for interior and exterior decoration. Further disclosed isa colorant composition for coloring stone.10
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WO 20057019135, PCT/KR2004/001249
METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR COLORING STONE
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for coloring stone, and more
particularly to @ method for coloring stone which can improve the physical
properties, surface colors and textures of stone used as a construction material for
interior and exterior decoration.
Background Art
Generally, various construction materials for interior and exterior
decoration are used in such a manner that they are suitable for use in the interior
and exterior spaces of buildings in terms of functions and aesthetics. Such
construction materials for interior and exterior decoration also serve to protect
buildings against ambient environments, such as wind, rain, cold and warm
weather, sunlight, fire, heat, noise and the like. They are largely divided into
timber, synthetic resins and stone in terms of materials used.
‘Among these construction materials for interior and exterior decoration,
stone has been frequently used as a highly durable and environmentally friendly
material. However, since natural stone has an inherent texture and color of its
‘own, it cannot satisfy consumers’ diverse needs for color. For this reason, a
stone-textured construction material for interior and exterior decoration has been
developed in which a mixture of an artificial stone powder, a colorant and an
adhesive in a certain ratio is adhered to the surface of stone. However, this
construction material has problems that the surface color is likely to fade or be
discolored due to exposure to UV light with the passage of time, and dust and the
colorant particles used are scattered during processing.
For example, marble must be mechanically surface processed by
polishing several times in order to be usable as a construction material.
However, such a polishing process not only takes a great deal of time and cost,
but also generates a large quantity of stone powder.
With recent developrient of nanotechnologies, it has been found that
silver nanoparticles have potent antibacterial properties. However, there has
been made no attempt to apply silver nanoparticles to surface processing of stone.10
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Disclosure of the Invention
Technical tasks to be solved by the invention
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above
problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for
coloring stone wherein the surface of stone is colored so as to have a desired
color and texture, thereby diversifying simple colors and textures of conventional
stone and extending the application of the colored stone to decorative materials as
well as construction materials for interior and exterior decoration.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for
coloring stone which can realize various surface textures and colors of stone, and
provide a glossy surface to the stone, without the risk of oxidation in air nor the
necessity of polishing several times.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an environmentally
friendly method for coloring stone which does not require the use of a stone
powder and a powdery colorant, so that dust is not scattered during coloring.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for
coloring stone wherein a nano-sized silver powder is coated on the surface of
stone to impart antibacterial properties to the stone.
Technical solution
In order to accomplish the above objects of the present invention, there is
provided a method for coloring stone, comprising the steps of: cutting a selected
stone into a predetermined size, and trimming the surface of the stone; washing
and drying the surface-trimmed stone; preparing a colorant composition
comprising 15~70% by weight of an organic solvent, 1~5% by weight of a dye
soluble in the organic solvent, 2~10% by weight of a pigment and 5~30% by
weight of a thermosetting resin for adhering the dye and the pigment to the stone
immersing the
surface; applying an electric current to the colorant compositio
stone in the electrolyzed colorant composition to colorize the stone surface; and
washing and drying the colored stone. According to the method of the present
invention, since the dye and the pigment dissolved or dispersed in the organic
solvent is adhered to the surface of stone by the thermosetting resin, the stone
has desired colors and textures depending on the type of dye and pigment used.10
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In one embodiment of the present invention, a UV-blocking agent is
coated on the surface of the colored stone in order to prevent the surface
discoloration caused by UV light. The UV-blocking agent used herein consists of
5-20% by weight of a silver powder having an average size of 20nm or less,
5-20% by weight of titanium oxide, 30~50% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) and 10~50% by weight of a diluent. As the diluent, toluene is preferably
used.
The organic solvent is preferably a mixture of methylethyl ketone and
toluene. The thermosetting resin is preferably a silicone resin. The pigment is
preferably an inorganic-based pigment.
The resin used to adhere particles of the dye and pigment to the stone
surface includes 5~30% by weight of a silicone resin and 0.1~5% by weight of a
silane coupling agent as an auxiliary resin for improving the adhesive strength of
the silicone resin to the stone surface, based on the total weight of the colorant
composition.
Advantageous effects
According to the method of the present invention, since the surface of
stone is colored so as to have a desired color and texture, simple colors and
textures of conventional stone are diversified and the applications of the colored
stone are extended to decorative materials as well as construction materials for
interior and exterior decoration.
In addition, since a UV-blocking agent is coated on the stone surface,
there is less danger of discoloration during use of the colored stone for a long
period of time.
Furthermore, since a nano-sized silver powder is coated on the stone
surface, superior antibacterial properties are imparted to the stone.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
The present invention will now be described in more detail.
First, a natural stone is selected and cut into a desired size. The cut
stone is surface-treated using a polishing machine (step S1). Stones usable in the
present invention include all rocks found in nature. Granite is particularly
preferred. Since granite is composed of crystals of quartz, mica and feldspar10
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WO 2005019135 PCT/KR2004/001249
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particles, it has many fine pores formed between the particles. In particular, since
granite from Korea has a high strength and is finely-grained, it is widely used as
decorative materials and construction materials for interior and exterior decoration.
The polished stone is completely washed with water to remove impurities
from the surface, and is then dried for subsequent processing (i.e, adherence of
colorants to the stone surface) (step $2).
A colorant composition is used in order to adhere colorants to the stone
surface, The colorant composition consists of 15~70% by weight of an organic
solvent, 1~5% by weight of a dye soluble in the organic solvent, 2~10% by weight
of a pigment, and 5~30% by weight of a thermosetting resin for adhering the dye
and the pigment to the stone surface. The dye used herein is soluble in the
organic solvent (ie., an organic solvent-soluble dye), and is commercially
available. Examples of commercially available dyes include ORICO
(manufactured by Orico Corp., Korea), NEOJAPON (manufactured by BASF,
Germany), etc. The pigment may be an organic pigment and/or an inorganic
pigment, depending on intended functions such as coverage properties. These
pigments may be used alone or in combination as a mixture. Where light
resistance is required, an inorganic pigment is favorable. Depending on the
amount of the dye and pigment used, colors of the stone surface and coverage
strength are controlled. Examples of organic solvents that can be used to
dissolve the organic dye include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as
methylethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, diethyleneglycol monobuty! monoether and
diethyleneglycol monoethyl monoether, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such
as toluene, xylene and benzene. A mixture of methyletheyl ketone and toluene is
preferred. Preferred mixing ratio of methylethyl ketone to toluene is 20~70%:
15-40%, based on the total weight of the colorant composition. The
thermosetting resin functions as a binder for adhering the dye and the pigment to
the stone surface. As specific examples, melamine, phenol, alkyd, silicone
resins, etc. may be mentioned. These resins may be used alone or in
combination. Silicone resins are preferred. A commercially available silicon
resin Is manufactured under the trade name of DC-806 by Dow Coming, U.S.A.
For better adhesive strength of the silicone resins, a silane coupling agent may be
further added. The silane coupling agent is commercially available, for example,
DC Z-6032 manufactured by Dow Corning, U.S.A. The silicone resin and the
silane coupling agent are present in an amount of 5~30% and 0.1~5%,10
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WO 2005019135 PCT/KR2004/001249
respectively, based on the total weight of the colorant composition (step $3).
On the other hand, in order to make the color of the stone surface clear,
the colorant composition may further comprise 1~10% by weight of glacial acetic
acid and 1~5% by weight of alum (MIAI(SO,):2H20), based on the total weight of
the colorant composition.
Next, prior to application of the colorant composition to the stone surface,
an electric current is applied to the colorant composition (step S4) to electrolyze
the colorant composition. This electrolysis of the colorant composition
homogenizes the distribution of the dye and the pigment so that the colorant
composition is easily adhered to the stone surface and uniform coloring is
accomplished. When an electric current is supplied to an electrolytic bath
containing the colorant composition, positive ions present in the colorant
composition are shifted toward a cathode and negative ions are shifted toward an
anode, causing a partial chemical reaction on the electrode surface. At this time,
since the colorants contained in the electrolytic bath are finely ionized, the
penetration of the ions into the stone is greatly improved. The conditions for
penetration, such as amount of current, are properly varied according to the kind
of stone to be colorized.
Next, the washed stone is immersed in the colorant composition for a
certain period of time (step $5). Specifically, after the stone is placed in a
predetermined arrangement in a sedimentation tank, the colorant composition is
fed into the sedimentation tank. The stone is immersed for about 30 minutes.
The immersion time is appropriately controlled depending on the kind of the stone
and the roughness of the stone surface.
The surface of the colored stone is washed with a suitable cleaner. The
cleaner used herein consists of 50~90% by weight of toluene, 5~20% by weight of
acetic acid and 5~10% by weight of alcohol, Finally, the washed stone is dried
(step S6). The drying is carried out using high-temperature heat, which is
generated when a temporary short-circuit is caused by applying electricity. This
high-temperature drying evaporates moisture present even inside the stone.
If necessary, the method of the present invention further comprises the
step of coating the colored stone with a UV-blocking agent (step $7). The UV-
blocking agent is mainly coated on stone for exterior decoration, The UV-
blocking agent includes a fluorinated resin as a main component. Specifically,
the UV-blocking agent consists of 5~20% by weight of a silver powder having an10
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WO 2005019135 PCT/KR2004/001249
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average size of 20nm or less, 5~20% by weight of a titanium oxide powder,
30~50% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and 10~50% by weight of
toluene as a diluent. The silver powder is excellent in antibacterial properties and
durability. A commercially available silver powder is manufactured under the
trade name of Nanosilver by Global Life Tech Co., Ltd., Korea. Fine titanium
oxide particles are metallic organic materials, and serve to block UV light to protect.
the color of the colored stone against UV light. The polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) resin acts to adhere the silver powder and the titanium oxide powder to
the stone surface and to protect the stone due to its superior durability. The
coating is accomplished by using a sprayer or brush. The coated stone is
naturally cured by allowing it to stand for about 8 hours, or is thermally cured at
250°C for about 10 minutes,
The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference
to the following examples.
Granite was cut to a dimension of 30mm x 500mm x 1,000mm, washed
and dried. A colorant composition was prepared to have the composition
indicated below. After the colorant composition was fed into a sedimentation tank
equipped with an electrolytic apparatus, electrolysis was performed at 380V and
25A for 20 minutes.
* Colorant composition
Methylethyl ketone: 50 wi%
Toluene: 15 wi%
Dye (ORICO YELLOW 210): 3 w%
Pigment (PANAX PY-1000R): 4 wt%
Silicone resin (DC 806): 15 wt%
Silane coupling agent (DC Z - 6032): 3 wt%
Acetic acid: 6 wi%
Alum: 4 wi%
The granite was settled in the sedimentation tank to colorize the stone,
washed and dried. The colored stone was coated with a UV-blocking agent
mixture having the composition indicated below. Finally, the coated stone was
cured at high temperature.10
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* Composition of UV-blocking agent mixture
Silver powder (NANOSILVER): 15 wt%
Titanium oxide: 12 wt%
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF): 38 wi%
Toluene: 35 wt%
The weather resistance, light fastness, water resistance and chemical
resistance of the colored stone were evaluated in accordance with the following
procedures:
(1) Weather resistance test
The colored stone was allowed to stand at a) 20+2°C and 90+5%RH for 1
hour, b) 60£2°C and 90+5%RH for 6 hours, and c) - 302°C for 6 hours,
sequentially. The procedure was repeated five times. As a result, there
was no change in the gloss and color of the stone.
(2) Water resistance test
The water resistance of the colored stone was evaluated in accordance
with the KS F 4061:2001 standard method. The water resistance was expressed
by the water absorption rate, as calculated by the following equations:
Water absorption rate = Dry weight of stone/(Wet weight of stone - Dry
weight of stone) x 100
The result was shown to be 0.1%
(3) Chemical resistance test
- Spot test was performed for 1 hour using a liquid detergent (Yuhan lax,
Yuhanclorox, Korea) to observe the gloss and color. As a result, there was no
change in the gloss and color of the stone.
~ A powdery detergent (Super-Ti, LG Household & Health Care, Korea)
was diluted to 50%, and then the subsequent procedure was carried out in the
same manner as in the liquid detergent. As a result, there was no change in the
gloss and color of the stone.
- The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in the liquid10
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detergent, except that hydrochloric acid (pH 2) was used. As a result, there was
no change in the gloss and color of the stone.
(4) UV resistance test
The UV resistance of the colored stone was evaluated in accordance with
the KS F 2274:2002 standard method (WS-A, 200 hours). As a result, there was
no change in the discoloration of the stone.
Industrial Applicability
From these test results, it was confirmed that the gloss and color of the
colored stone were protected against chemicals and UV light. Accordingly, the
colored stone is expected to be a very useful construction material for interior and
exterior decoration
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been
disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that
various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing
from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying
claims.10
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Claims:
1. A method for coloring stone, comprising the steps of:
cutting a selected stone into a predetermined size, and trimming the
surface of the stone (S1);
washing and drying the surface-trimmed stone (S2);
preparing a colorant composition comprising 15~70% by weight of an
organic solvent, 1~5% by weight of a dye soluble in the organic solvent, 2~10% by
weight of a pigment and 5~30% by weight of a thermosetting resin for adhering the
dye and the pigment to the stone surface ($3);
applying an electric current to the colorant composition prepared in step
(S3) ($4);
immersing the stone of step (S2) in the electrolyzed colorant composition
for a certain period of time to colorize the stone surface (S5); and
washing and drying the colored stone (S6).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, after step (S6), the colored
stone is coated with a UV-blocking agent (S7).
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the UV-blocking agent
consists of 5~20% by weight of a silver powder having an average size of 20nm or
less, 5~20% by weight of titanium oxide, 30~50% by weight of polyvinylidene
fluoride (PVDF) and 10~50% by weight of a diluent.
4, The method according to claim 3, wherein the diluent is toluene.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a
mixture of methylethyl ketone and toluene, the thermosetting resin is a silicone
resin, and the pigment is an inorganic-based pigment.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the thermosetting resin
includes 5~30% by weight of a silicone resin and 0.1~5% by weight of a silane
coupling agent, based on the total weight of the colorant composition.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the washing of step (S6) is10
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WO 2005019135 PCT/KR2004/001249
10
carried out using a cleaner comprising 50~90% by weight of toluene, 5~20% by
weight of acetic acid and 5~10% by weight of alcohol.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying of step (S6) is
cartied out by connecting an anode and a cathode to the stone and applying
electricity to cause a temporary short-circuit.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the colorant
composition further comprises 1~10% by weight of acetic acid and 1~5% by
weight of alum (MIAN(SO,)12H.0).
10, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the stone
is granite.
11. A colorant composition for coloring the surface of stone, comprising
20~70% by weight of methylethyl ketone and 15~40% by weight of toluene as
organic solvents, 1~5% by weight of a dye soluble in the organic solvent, 2~10%
by weight of a pigment, 5~30% by weight of a silicone resin as a thermosetting
resin for adhering the dye and the pigment to the stone surface, and 0.1~5% by
weight of a silane coupling agent as an auxiliary resin for improving the adhesive
strength of the silicone resin,
12. The colorant composition according to claim 11, wherein the colorant
composition further comprises 1~10% by weight of acetic acid and 1~5% by
weight of alum (MIAI(SO,)i2H,0), based on the total weight of the colorant
composition.15
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WO 20057019135, PCT/KR2004/001249
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 21 October 2004 (21.10.04);
original claims 1-12 relaced by amended claims 1-12 (2 pages);
Claims:
1. A method for coloring stone, comprising the steps of:
cutting a selected stone into a predetermined size, and trimming the
surface of the stone (S1);
washing and drying the surface-trimmed stone (S2);
preparing a colorant composition comprising 50~70% by weight of an
organic solvent, 1~5% by weight of a dye soluble in the organic solvent, 2~10% by
weight of a pigment and 5~30% by weight of a silicone resin for adhering the dye
and the pigment to the stone surface, and 0.1~5% by weight of a silane coupling
agent(S3);
applying an electric current to the colorant composition prepared in step
(S3) ($4);
immersing the stone of step (S2) in the electrolyzed colorant composition
for a certain period of time to colorize the stone surface ($5); and
washing and drying the colored stone (S6).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, after step (SG), the colored
stone is coated with a UV-blocking agent consisting of 5~20% by weight of a silver
powder having an average size of 20nm or less, 5~20% by weight of titanium
oxide, 30~50% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and 10~50% by weight
of toluene as an diluent (S7).
3. (deleted)
4, (deleted)
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a
mixture of 20 ~ 70% by weight of methylethyl ketone and 15 ~ 40% by weight of
toluene, based on the total weight of the mixture
(deleted)
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)WO 20057019135, PCT/KR2004/001249
10
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the washing of step (S6) is
carried out using a cleaner comprising 50~90% by weight of toluene, 5~20% by
weight of acetic acid and 5~10% by weight of alcohol.
5 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying of step (S6) is
cartied out by connecting an anode and a cathode to the stone and applying
electricity to cause a temporary short-circuit.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8, wherein
10 the colorant composition further comprises 1~10% by weight of acetic acid and
1~5% by weight of alum (MIAI(SO,):2H20), based on the total weight of the
colorant composition,
10. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8, wherein
15 the stone is granite.
11. A colorant composition for coloring the surface of stone, comprising
20~70% by weight of methylethyl ketone and 15~40% by weight of toluene as
organic solvents, 1~5% by weight of a dye soluble in the organic solvent, 2~10%
20 _ by weight of a pigment, 5~30% by weight of a silicone resin as a thermosetting
resin for adhering the dye and the pigment to the stone surface, and 0.1~5% by
weight of a silane coupling agent as an auxiliary resin for improving the adhesive
strength of the silicone resin.
25 12. The colorant composition according to claim 11, wherein the colorant
composition further comprises 1~10% by weight of acetic acid and 1~5% by
weight of alum (MIAISO,)2H20), based on the total weight of the colorant
composition
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
OnINTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
“emational application No.
PCT/KR2004/001249
‘A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER,
IPC7 CO4B 41/45
According to Internationa Patent Classification (IPC) o to both national classification and IPC
B.__ FIELDS SEARCHED
IPCT CO#B 41/45
‘Minimum documentation searched (classification system Tollowed by classification symbols)
Documentation searched oiher than minimum documentation to the extent tht such documents are included in the Ties searched
KOREAN PATENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR INVENTIONS SINCE 1975
KOREAN UTILITY MODELS AND APPLICATIONS FOR UTILITY MODELS SINCE 1975
Tlecironie database consulted during te international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used)
eKIPASS, HTTPy/WWW.USPTO.GOV/, WWW.DELPHION.COM/
‘WPI, PAY, "(slate or stone) and (colo or colour) and (Solvent or electr*)
(€._DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No.
Y KR 2002-0016606 A (KO, SUNG KWANG) 4 March 2002 1-12
See the whole document
Y JP 07-033554.A (HOSODA SHOTEN) 3 February 1995 1-12
See the whole document
A ‘WO 2002046319 A (HERRAIZ MARTINEZ) 13 June 2002 1-2
See the whole document
A JP 11-171665 A (MAEDA OKUGAI BUUTSU )29 June 1999 1-12
See the whole document
A KR 1989-0008060 A (YI, SEOK JU) 8 July 1989 na
See the whole dacuraent
Further documents are listed inthe continuation of Box C.
[Ese potent amity aanex
Special etapa of ced documents
document defining the genera stat of the ar which isnt considered
tobe of pareular relevance
calc pplication or patent but published on orate he international
fling date
document wtich may tow doubts on pity clsim(s)or which is
citedto establish the palication date of citation or other
special reason as specified)
document rftrng toa oa disclosure, use, exhibition or other
document published plato the intentional ling dae but Inter
than the pro de aimed
a
oa
i
Tater document published aftee international Hing dat or prey
ate and notin conch with the application but cited to undetstand
the principle or theory underying he invention
document of particular relevance; the cimed invention cannot be
‘considered novel or etanat be considered to ivolve an inventive
step when the documents taken alone
document of particular relevance; the laimed invention cannot be
considered (0 involve an inventive step when the document Is
ombined with one or more other such documentssuch combination
bing obvious to «person sie in the art.
"document member of the same patent fanly
a
‘Date ofthe actual completion ofthe Intemational search
117 SEPTEMBER 2004 (17.09.2004)
Date of mailing ofthe international search report
17 SEPTEMBER 2004 (17.09.2004)
‘Nag and mailing address ofthe ISA/KR
‘Korean intellectual Property Office
“Rathore officer
930 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-701, ‘YANG, In Soo
Republic of Korea
Facsimile No. 82-42-472-7140 ‘Telephone No. 82-42-481-5567
Form PCT/ISAV210 (second shes!) January 2004)