Cambridge English Phrasal Verbs in Use PDF 4 PDF Free

English
Phrasal _
Verbs in
"Use
70 units of
vocabulary
reference and
practice
Self-studyand
classroom use
Books in EngfISh.
Michael McCarthy [jJ M.T. de Alvear 1369 - Capital

Av. La Plata 63 . Caballito
Conde 1990 · Belgrano R
Emilio Frers 2228 · Martfnez
Italia 172 • lomas de Zamora
Felicity O'Dell CAMBRIDGE

UNIVERSITY PRESS
PUBLlSHEO BY THE PRESS SYNOICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CAMBlUOGE UN[VERS[TY PRESS
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© Cambridge University Press 2004
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place witho).lt
the written permission of Cambridge University P;ess.'
First published 2004

Third printing 2004
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
Typeface Sabon 10/12pt. System QuarkXPress® [00&1]
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN O 521 527279 paperback

Contents
Acknowledgements 3
Using this book 4
Learning about phrasal verbs

1 Phrasal verbs: the basics
2 Phrasal verbs: what they mean
3 Particles in phrasal verbs
4 Nouns and adjectives based on phrasal verbs
5 Metaphor and register
Key verbs
6 Come
7 Get
8 Go
9 Look
10 Make
11 Put
12 Take
Key particles
13 Up
14 Out
15 Off
16 On and in
17 Down and over
18 Around and about
19 For and with
20 Through and back
21 lnto and away
Concepts
22 Time: spending time
23 Time: passing of time
24 Location
25 Cause and effect
26 Change
27 Success and failure
28 Starting and finishing
29 Actions and movement
30 Destroying and reacting to destruction
31 Communication
Functions
32 Describing people and places
33 Describing public events
34 Describing situations
35 Giving and getting information
36 Solving problems
English Phrasal Verbs in Use I

37 Decisions and plans
38 Disagreeing
39 Persuading
40 Praising and criticising
41 Exclamations and warnings
Work, study and finance

42 The classroom and learning
43 Srudent life: courses and exams
44 Student life: reading and writing
45 Work: jobs and career
46 Work: being busy
47 Money: salaries, bilis, payments
48 Money: buying and selling
49 Business
50 Telephoning .' ,
Personal life
51 Feelings
52 Relationships
53 Relationships: problems
54 Secrets and conversations
55 Stages through life
56 Health
57 Sport
58 Homes and daily routines
59 Socialising
60 Food and drink
The world around us

61 Weather
62 Travel
63 Driving
64 Technology
65 Computers
66 News
67 Crime
68 Power and authority
69 American and Australian phrasal verbs
70 New phrasal verbs
Key 146
Mini dictionary 183
2 English Phrasal Verbs in Use

Acknowledgements
This book, like all our other books in the In Use series, is the result of the work of many
people. Cambridge University Press editors, reviewers, designers, marketing staff, sales and
publicity staff have all contributed their advice and expertise, and there are just too many to
name individually here. Particular thanks must, however, go to the following two people at
Cambridge University Press: NóirÍn Burke, whose expertise and vision have guided us
throughout the writing of this book, and Martine Walsh, who has steered the project from its
beginnings through to publication with consistent insight and thoroughness. We are very
grateful to them both. We also owe a great deal to the Cambridge University Press
lexicographers who worked with the Cambridge International Corpus to produce the
Cambridge lntemational Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. We drew heavily on the database of this
dictionary when selecting verbs to include in this book and when compiling the Mini dictionary
at the back of this book.
We have also received invaluable feedback from both teacher and student reviewers. Their
comments have had a great influence on the final manuscript and we are very grateful to them.
In particular we would like to thank the following reachers, students and institutions from all
over the world who reviewed and piloted the mate~jal rhroughout its developmenr:
Kristi Alcouffe, Bonelles, France

Margarida Busatto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Philippa Dralet, París, France
GiIl Hamilton, Valencia, Spain
Oiga Vinogradova, Moscow, Russia
Marilyn Woolff, London, UK
Kevin Rurherford, Warsaw, Poland
Julie MODre, Cambridge, UK
Eilwen David, Munich, Germany
Ewa Modrzejewska, Gdynia, Poland
Yuri Hara, Tokyo, Japan
Finally, as always, we would like ro rhank our domestic partners and loved ones for rheir
unfailing supporr while we were taken up with this projecr.
Michael McCarthy and Felicity O'Dell
Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge International Corpus (ClC).
The CIC is a computerised database of contemporary spoken and written English, which
currently stands at 600 million words. It inc/udes British English, American English and other
varieties of English. It also inc/udes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, deve/oped in collaboration
with the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. Cambridge University Press has built
up the CIC to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce better language
teaching materials.
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for extemal websites
referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the
publisher has no reponsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will
remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.
Engfish Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 3

Using this book
Why was this book writtenf
It was written to help you improve your knowledge of phrasal verbs in English. Phrasal verbs
are verbs which ha ve a main verb and a particle which, together, crea te one meaning (e.g. a
plane takes off from the airport; an adult looks after a child). You will come across a grea!
many phrasal verbs when you listen to and read English, and so it is importan! that you lea m
about their meanings and about how they are used. You can use this book either with a
teacher or for self-study.
There are more than 5,000 phrasal verbs and related noun and adjective forms in use in
Engli sh. This book focuses just 011 those phrasal verbs which you need to know for everyday
spoken and written communication in English, and it aims to provide the information and
practice which will help you understand and use them correctly.
How were the phrasal verbs in the book selectedf

The approximately 1,000 phrasal verbs and relared noun and adjective forms which are
presenred in rhis book were all selected from rhose idenrified as sign ificanr by rhe
CANCODE corpus of spoken English, developed ar rhe Universiry of Nottingham in
associarion with Cambridge Universiry Press and the Cambridge lnremational Corpus of
written and spoken English . The phrasal verbs selected are also ro be found in the Cambridge
International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, where addirional example senrences and usage
nores will also be found. You can search rhis dicrionary online by going ro the following
websire: dictionary.cambridge.org
How is the book organisedf

The book has 70 two-page unirs. The lefr-hand page exp lains the phrasal verbs rhar are
presented in rhe unir. You will usually find an explanarion of the meaning of each phrasal
verb, an example of ir in use and, where appropriare, any special nores abour its usage. T he
righr-hand page checks thar you have understood rhe information on the lefr-hand page by
giving you a series of exercises that practise rhe material jusr presenred. The exercises pay
particular artenrion to checking understanding of rhe phrasal verbs and how rhey are used, so
thar you wil l be able ro use rhem accurarely and appropriately.
The unirs are organised into differenr secrions:
Firsr we srart wirh imporranr informarion abour phrasal verbs in genera l (Units 1-5):
what chey are, how eheir grammar works, and so on. This is an important training section,
and we recommend you do rhese units first.
After the inrroductory units, there are units on the most cOmmon verbs which are used to
form phrasal verbs (Units 6-12) and units on the most common particles found in phrasal
verbs (Units 13-21).
The rest of the book teaches you the phrasal verbs which are associated with particular
concepts (e.g. time), functions (e.g. giving and getting information) and topics (e.g. business,
feelings, student life).
The book also has a key ro all the exercises so that you can check your answers. At the back
of this book you will find a useful Mini dictionary. This provides clear definitions of all the
phrasal verbs and related no un and adjective forms that appear in this book. The Mini
dictionary also indicates the unit number where you can find a particular phrasal verbo

How should I use this bookf
It is strongly recommended that you work through Units 1-5 first so that you beeome
familiar with the way phrasal verbs operate and with the terminology that is used in the rest
of the book. After that, you may work on the units in any order that suits you.
What else do I need in order to work with this bookf

You need a notebook or file in whieh you can write down the phrasal verbs that you study in
this book as well as any others that you come across elsewhere.
You also need to have aceess ro a good dietionary. We strongly recommend the Cambridge
International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs as this gives exactly the kind of information that
you need to have about phrasal verbs. Your teacher, however, may also be able ro recommend
other dictionaries that you will find useful.
So, we hope that this book will help you understand and use new or difficult phrasal verbs
that crop up (see Unit 44 - Student life: reading and writing) in your reading and listeni ng in
English and that, by the time you finish the units, you'lI be saying: 'English phrasal verbs?
Show me a new one and 1'11 figure out what it means in seconds!' (see Unit 69 American
and Australian phrasal verbs). ' ,.
English Phrasal Verbs in Use 5

I Phrasal verbs: the basics
What are phrasal verbs?
Phrasal verbs are verbs that consist of a verb and a particle.
verb partide example meaning

look up You can look up any new words in your You can find the meaning of any new
dictionary. words in your dictionary.
get through I tried to phone her bu! I cQuldn't I tried to phone her but I couldn'( get
get through. a connection.
make out I ¡ust can't make Jim out at al!. I just can'! understand Jim's behaviour.
Particles are small words which you already know as prepositions or adverbs. Here are some
of the most common phrasal verb particles: about (a)round at away back down
for . III into off on out over through to up
B What do I need to know about phrasal verbs?

First you need ro know the meaning of the whóle phrasal verb as a unit. The Mini dictionary
in this book will help you. For example, look means to use your eyes and up means the
opposite of down, but the phrasal verb look up can have several different meanings:
Look the word up in the dictionary. [look up = seareh for information in a booklcomputer]
I'1I100k you up next time I'm in London. [look up = visit someone you have not seen for a
long time] Things are looking up. [look up = improve]
Next you need to know the grammar patrerns of phrasal verbs, e.g. whether the verb takes an
object. The table shows the way the grammar patterns are shown in this book and in
many dictionaries. Note that sth means something; sb means someone.
grammar pattern comment example

eat out the verb is used without We were too tired to cook at heme so we decided to
an object eat out. [eae in a restaurant]
Not:We decided to ea! out~
bring back sth the verb mus! have a This photograph brings back happy memories. [makes
or bring 5th non-human object me remember or think about something from the past]
back Not: This photograph brings back ffiy sisteF.
ask out sb or the verb must have a I'd lave to ask Sally out. [invite Sally to go to a place
ask sb out human object like a cinema or a restaurant]
Not: I'd lave to ask my-EIet out.
loo k after sb/sth the object can be either 1'11 loo k after the baby while you're cooking.
human or non-human Will you loo k after my bike while ,'m away?
ring sb back the object must come 1'11 ring you back later. [phone you aga;n]
before the partide Not: 1'11 FiAg l3aE'~ )'etJ.
loo k after sb/sth the object must come Can you look after the dog while I'm away?
after the partide Not: Can you leel~ t!=te eleg atteF while I'm away?
drop off sb/sth the object can be befare I dropped off the package at her house. [delivered/left]
or drop sb/sth off or after the partide I dropped the package off at her house.
6 English Phrasal Verbs ;n Use

Exercises
1.1 Underline the twelve phrasal verbs in these sentences.

1 1 sent off the order last week but the goods haven't tumed up yet.
2 1 carne across an interesting book in the library. 1 took down the title. Here it is.
3 We asked sorne friends around to watch a film, but the video was playing up and it
eventually broke down.
4 1 brought up this problem at the last meeting. !t's really time to sort out the problem.
5 1 wish he'd stop messing us about! He's put the meeting off three times and now he
wants to call it off altogether.
1.2 Match the twelve phrasal verbs from sentences 1-5 in exercise 1.1 abo ve with their meanings
from the box below.
cause inconvenience deal with stop working find invite home arrive
post cancel write postpone not work properly mention
1.3 Decide which of these sentences contain errors . .Expl:ün why they are wrong and suggest a
correct answer. Use the table in B to help yon. " ,
1 That song yon just sang brings back memories of my days at college.
2 She looked the children after when their mother was in hospital.
3 1 promised to ring my brother back. He called earlier when 1 was busy.
4 We ate out a wonderful dinner last night.
5 It was a beanriful summer evening so 1 asked the cat out for a drink.
1.4 Sometimes phrasal verbs are followed by a particular preposition to make three-par! verbs.
11 Try lO leam these prepositions with the phrasal verbs. Look at these examples of three-part
verbs, then complete the sentences below with a preposition from the box. Use a dictionary
or the Mini dictionary at the back of this book if necessary.
EXAMPLES ['m looking forward ID the weekend.
She's been going out with him for six monrhs now.
with against with on with
1 She seems to look down .......................................... people who are less intelligent than her.
2 The school decided to do away .. .. ................. the language lab as no-one was using it.
3 1 carne up .................................. a serious problem when 1 tried to save my work onto a disk.
4 How can sorne srudents get away .. . doing no work and yet pass the exams?
5 Her son is so horrible. 1 don't know how she puts up .................................. him.
That's not what I meant

when Isaid, 'Can you drop
me off at the beach, please'!
í
English Phrasaf Verbs in Use 7

2 Phrasal verbs: what they mean
-- A The most common verbs

Here are the most common verbs that form part of phrasal verbs:
break bring caU come cut get gIVe go keep knock
loo k make pass pick puB put run set take turn
Units 6-12 deal with a selection of these verbs which form a large number of useful,
everyday phrasal verbs.
_ _ -..::8 Meanings
The basic meanings of the verbs in A refer to concrete actions (e.g. break means separate into
pieces), but when they are part of phrasal verbs, they often have abstract meanings too.
Sometimes the concrete meaning can help you guess the abstract meaning, for example,
you can look back to wave goodbye to someone as you lea ve in a car (concrete meaning-
look behind you), or you can look back on your past life (abstract meaning - remember or
recall).
verb concrete meaning abstract mean;ng

give I gave my essay in yesterday. [handed it Her parents finally gave in and let her go to the
to the teacher] party. [agreed to something they had refused befare]
get She got 011 <he bus. [entered] Jim and Mary don't get on. [don'c like each other
and are no! friendly to each other]
come Would you like to come round this He was unconscious far three hours but
evening? [come to my home] carne round in hospital. [became conscious again]
_ _ _C Synonyms of ph rasal verbs

A phrasal verb can often be replaced by a single verb with more or less the same meaning.
The single-verb synonyms are often, but not always, more formal (see Unit 5, section C).
phrasal verb single-verb synonym

put off postpone
take off remove
turn up arrive
less formal more formal

Let's put off the meeting until Friday. Let's postpone the meeting until Friday.
Please take off your shoes when you enter Please remove your shoes when you enter
the temple. the temple.
Everyone turned up on time for the meeting. Everyone arrived on time for the meeting.
If you know a single-verb synonym of a phrasal verb, write it in your vocabulary notebook, and note
whether or not the phrasal verb is more informal.

Exercises
2.1 Complete these sentences using verbs from the list in A opposite.
1 The car b ................................ down on the way ro the airport.
2 The heavy snow blocked the roads and c.. ................................ the farm off completely.
3 It rook him a long time ro g.................................. over his iIIness.
4 It isn't easy ro lea m German but you must k. ............................... on trying.
S If you'd like a lift ro the station tomorrow, I can p... .. ...... you up at 9 a.m.
6 This is a really stupid programme. Please t... .. the TV off.
2.2 In which of the sentences in exercise 2.1 above could you put the partide in a different
position?
2.3 Decide whether the phrasal verbs in these sen ten ces are concrete or abstract in meaning,
by writing C for concrete or A for abstract in the brackets.
EXAMPLE He looked up (e ) and saw a hot-air balloon in the sky.
1 1 would never go aga inst ( ) my parents' wishes.
2 Shall I cut out ( ) this ad for the new CD player? We might want ro buy one.
3 About five miles into our joumey the engine ·é.ut 9ut ( .) and we broke down (
completely. Ir was over an hour before the rescue service turned up ( ).
4 Do we need to dress up ( ) tonight or is it informal?
S I shall never really appreciate what my grandparenrs went through ( ) during the war.
2.4 Replace the underlined verbs in these sentences with phrasal verbs made using the verbs and
partides from the boxes below. If necessary, use the Mini dictionary at the end of this book.
11 make chase brush leave fall up for out aside out
1 They just ignored my complaints; it made me very angry.

2 [believed his story about having lost all his money. How stupid [ was!
3 1 couldn't understand what he was saying with all the noise.
4 Cou ld you pursue Janet's report? She promised it last week but I haven't seen it yet.
S If you are phoning from outside the country, omit the first zero in the city codeo
2.5 Use more formal equivalents from the box instead of the phrasal verbs in these sentences.
Write the formal verbs in the correct formo
decline issue organise cancel escape
1 The government have put out a statement condemning the recent protests.
2 The un ion accepted the new pay deal and called off the strike.
3 The number of people not owning a TV set nowadays has gone down dramatically.
4 There was a disturbance in Blackmoor Pri son yesterday and rhree prisoners got away.
S Could yo u see ro lunch for our visitors? There will be four of them.
English Phrasal Verbs ;n Use 9

3 Particles in phrasal verbs
This unit looks at the role of partides in phrasal verbs. Apartide is either a preposition
(e.g. from, to, with) or an adverb (e.g. out, up, about). You can create phrasal verbs by
adding different partides to a basic verbo
What do particles mean?

In some phrasal verbs the partide has a dear basic meaning. Look at the examples of
different partides used with the verb invite. On the right, in speech bubbles, you can see
what the original speaker probably said.
Jack invited me out. -< Let's go out together. )
Rosie invited me in. -< Please come in! )
JiU invited me over. -< Come to our place. )
Pa ul invited me round. Come to my' hou'Se

for dinner or a drink.
Mark invited me up. -< Come upstairs to my flato )
Susie invited me along. -< Come with us! )
Bill invited me back. -< Come back home with me. )
What other meanings can particles have?

Most partides convey a number of different senses. For example, over can have various
meanings, including:
(a) changing position, e.g. in faU over [fal! to the ground] or move over [change the place
where you are sitting or standing to make room for someone else].
(b) an idea of thoroughness, e.g. in read over [read throughly] or talk over [discuss
something thoroughly before making a decision].
The meanings of partides are looked at in more detail in Units 13-21.
Where does the particle go?

With verbs that ha ve an object:
o Sometimes the partide has to go before the object of the verb,
e.g. I'm looking for my keys (not: 1'", leekiag "'y key. ter).
o Sometimes it must go after the object,
e.g. I have a lot of work on (not: 1 aaye ea a let et werk).
o Sometimes the partide may go either before or after the object,
e.g. The thunder woke up the children or The thunder woke the children up.
Note that if the object is a prono un (e.g. him, them), then the partide must go after it,
e.g. The thunder woke them up (not: Tae dumaer weke MI' taem).
10 English Phrasol Verbs in Use

Exercises
3.1 Look at section A and then answer the questions about these sentences.
1 My brothers were going to the circus and they asked me along.
Oid the speaker go the circus on her own, with her brothers or do we not know for sure?
2 When 1 took Di a birthday present, she asked me in but 1 had to get to my lecture.
Oid the speaker go into Oi's house?
3 When 1 saw Mark on the balcony, he asked me up.
Who was in a higher position, Mark or the speaker?
4 When the Richardsons asked me back after the concert 1 was happy to accept.
Where did the speaker go after the concert?
5 My cousin has asked me to go over to his flat this evening.
What word could replace over with no change in meaning?
3.2 Look at B opposite. Are the phrasal verbs underlined in the sentences below examples of the
(a) or the (b) meanings of ovey?
1 Think it over before you make up your mind what to do next.
2 You may turn over the page now and read the exam questions.
3 !t's raining too hard to drive. Pull over to the edge of the road.
4 Look over your answers before the end of the exam.
3.3 Look at e opposite. Then read these definitions and decide whether the sentences below are
eorrect oc incorrecto If necessary, correet them.
have on has, having, had

have 5th on to have an arrangement to do
something (never in continuous tenses)
have sb on to persuade someone that
something is true when it is not, usually as
a joke
have on 5th or have 5th on if you have
clothes or shoes on, you are wearing them
(never in continuous tenses; never passive)
1 1 have on three important meetings tomorrow.

2 John has an amazing tie on.
3 Sue was only having on her sisters when she told them she was planning to beco me a
mode!.
4 I'm having a lot of work on today.
5 1 don't believe you! I'm sure you're having me on.
6 Ruth was wearing her new jeans this morning and she had on them yesterday.
3.4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1 to / you / for / make room / Can / move / over / your sister?
2 finished / she / overo / Harry / it / to read / When / her essay, / asked / Jill
3 bis house / tomorrow. / J im / back / me / has invited / to
4 when he / Paul / his driving test. / his parents / he'd failed / only having / was /
told them / on
5 tomorrow? / What / you / on / do / ha ve
6 lhe light / in her bedroom, / was / she / al horneo / Sue / had / 1 knew / on / so

4 Nouns and adjectives based on
phrasalverbs
Nouns made from verb + particle
In English we often create nouns from verbs, e.g. to invite I an invitation. In the same way it
is someti mes possible to create a noun from a phrasal verbo Look at these examples.
Tom: I got ripped off when I phoned that 0877 number [informal: was charged too much].
The call cost five pounds a minute!
Lily: Yes, those numbers are a big rip-off.
Mona: Her son dropped out of colIege last year. [gave up his eourse]
Ed: Mm. There were a lot of dropouts that year. I wonder why?
Mick: Somebody broke in last night and stole a computer from the sehool. [entered by
force to steal something]
Pat: Really? That's the seeond break-in rhis year!
Rules for the use of verb + particle noun forms

• The plural is formed by adding -s to the partid~, nor the verb, e.g. break-ins,
dropouts, rip-offs (nor: efeaks iR, afaI'Sa~t; fi~s afff
An exception is goings-on [strange or amusing events], whieh is always plural.
There was a lot of gossip about the goings-on at the office party.
• Verb + partide noun forms are sometimes written with a hyphen, e.g. break-in,
check-in, cover-up; and sometimes without, e.g. dropout, checkout, crackdown.
Nouns with -out and -over are usually written as one word, e.g. dropout, lookout,
checkout, handout, changeover, lehovers.
Nouns with -in, -up and less common partides usually ha ve a hyphen, e.g. lie-in,
mix-up, put-down, run-through.
• In pronunciation, the stress is on the verb, not rhe partide.
a BREAK-in at the office college DROPouts
Nouns made from particle + verb

Sorne phrasal verbs have noun forms where the partide is first. The stress in pronunciation is
usualIy on the partide.
phrasal verb partide + verb noun example

set out outset I knew from the outset that there would be problems. [beginning]
fall down downfall The economic crisis caused the downfall ef the government.
[sudden failure or end]
look on onlooker Crowds af onlookers watched as the police arrested the mano
[someone who watches an event but doesn'( cake part]
'--_ e Adjectives
There are also adjectives which are based on phrasal verbs. Make a note of any you meet.
e.g. a broken-down vehide [vehide whose engine had stopped working] a breakdown truck
[truck whieh helps drivers who have broken down] blocked-up drains [drains where the
water cannot flow properly]
I2 English Phrasal Verbs ;n Use

Exercises
4.1 Complete the following table. If a noun form does not exist, write 'none' in the table. Use a
!JI dictionary if necessary. Decide whether the noun is written with a hyphen or as one word.
phrasal verb verb + partide nDun

l· showoff $ ~ ow -off
warm up
hold on
hide out
turn Qver
tear down
4.2 Cirde the correct noun form in these sentences. Use a dictionary if necessary.
!JI 1 There was a big pile-uo / uD-pi le on the motqrway involving five vehides.
2 The govemment has announced a series of báckcuts / éutbacks in funding for universities
in order to save money.
3 When the higher taxes were announced there was a public outcry / cryout.
4 Several standerbys / bystanders did nothing while the thieves robbed him of his cash.
5 The new drug marks a throughbreak / breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
4.3 Complete these sentences with adjective forms of phrasal verbs from the box below.
throwaway outgoing bygone getaway off-putting
1 The robbers abandoned their . . .. car in a car park near the airport.
2 I find his manner very . . ............... He's so unfriendly.
3 They decided ro use. . ........................ paper pI ates and cups for their party.
4 Let's invite Sally - she's very .. . ....... and loves parties.
5 The pictures of the steam trains were like something from a . . .................... era.
4.4 Write down the infinitive form of the phrasal verbs from which the adjectives in exercise 4.3
aboye are formed.
4.5 Match the sentences on the left with a suitable response on the right.
1 1 was looking for a way ro tum off 1 know, 1 need to watch my outgoings.
the phorocopier.
2 Have you heard about the scandal in the office? Yes, but 1 don't understand the input.
3 The economy is not doing so well these days. There's the on/off switch.
4 A database can organise all the information you Yes, there's been a downturn.
rype into it.
5 You have ro consider how much you spend Mm, amazing goings-on!
each month.
English Phrasal Verbs in Use I3

5 Metaphor and register
Multiple meanings of phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb can have a number of different meanings, e.g.
He gOl on Ihe bus. Jim and Ian gel on really well.
[entered Ihe bus] - - -........ get on ...)1"-- - [like each other and are friendly]
Shh! I'm trying to get on with my work.

[continue doing my work]
Üften there is no direct connection between the various meanings and you just have to leam
each different meaning of the phrasal verbo The best way to do this is by trying to remember
a sentence using the phrasal verbo
Literal and metaphorical meaning

Sometimes the basic meanings of a phrasal verb and the additional meanings are clearly linked .
This is beca use sorne additional meanings are ba~'ed ",n a metaphor or image which has a direct
connection with its literal or basic meaning. A metaphor is a way of expressing something by
comparing it with something else that has similar characteristics. Here is an example:
LITERAL (BASIC) MEANING METAPHORICAL MEANING
blow up a balloon blow up a building -+ someone blows up
infla te or fill with air make it explode suddenly becomes very angry
Sometimes a phrasal verb only exists as a phrasal verb in the metaphorical meaning, but you
can guess what it means from the meaning of the basic verb without the particle. For example:
These statistics loo k strange. Have we slipped up somewhere?
Here slip up [make a mistake] clearly comes from slip [fall usually because the floor is wet or
the ground is icy].
Register
Another important aspect of phrasal verbs is register. Phrasal verbs are typical of spoken
English or informal writing, e.g. letters to friends and articles in popular joumalism. There
are often one-word equivalents, or synonyms, for use in a more formal spoken or written
style. For example: miss out a question or omil a question. See section 2e in Unit 2 for other
examples.
As with all English vocabulary, there are sorne different uses from one geographical area to
another. For example, British, American and Australian users of English all talk of clearing
up a room [putting things away tidily], but only British and Australian speakers would use
tidy up as a synonym.
See Unit 69 for more examples of how phrasal verbs differ in North America and Australia.

Exercises
5.1 Match the different meanings a-f of take in with the appropriate sentenees 1-6 below.
a) make smaller
b) allow in through a hole
e) deeeive
Iy] d) give a bed to
e) inelude
f) understand the meaning or importance
1 Because so many passengers were stranded at the airport, sorne local families offered ro
take them in ovemight.
2 The news is so shocking - 1 still can't take it in.
3 The exeursion will take in two of the most beautiful eastles in the region.
4 Marie has lost weight - she's going to have to take in a lot of her elothes.
5 Rob was totally dishonest but he was so charming that 1 was taken in by him.
6 We'd better retum to the shore at once - the boat seems to be taking in water.
i. 5.2 These pairs of sentenees show phrasal verbs whi,h can be used in both literal and
ct metaphorieal ways. Explain the two meanings ano tlie eonneetion between them.
1 a) 1 stepped in a puddle of water and my feet are soaking now.
b) She stepped in to stop the argument from becoming more serious.
2 a) This programme is rubbish. 1 wish you'd switch off the TV.
b) The leeture was so boring that 1 switehed off.
3 a) There's a hole in my bago 1 think my pen must have dropped out.
b) He dropped out of college and beeame a meehanie.
4 a) We tied the boxes down on the roof of the caro
J)) b) Mark dreams of travelling but he feels tied down by his family and work
~ responsibilities.
5.3 Use your knowledge of the basie verb in the underlined phrasal verbs as well as the eontext
of the sentenee in order to work out the meanings of the phrasal verbs.
1 What are you driving at? 1 wish you would say exactly what you mean!
2 The teaeher did all she could to drum the vocabulary into her pupils before the exam.
3 The old education system used to cream off the best pupils and teaeh them in separate
schools.
·r 4 The noise of the ehildren's music completely drowned out the television.
5.4 Write a one-word formal equivalent for eaeh of the underlined phrasal verbs.
As the rain didn't let up, the footba ll game was called off. So the team got down to
discussing its strategy for the next match instead. We didn't get out of the elubhouse until the
eleaners turned up in the evening .
r " If you encounter a phrasal verb that you thought you knew but it does not seem to make sen se, use
other elues in the context ta work out what the meaning might be. It may be quite different from the
• meaning that you already knew.
•
English Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 15

6 Come
Come expressing an idea of movement or change of state
phrasa/ verb mean;ng examp/e

come along arrive at a place Not many people bought tickets tor the
ccncert in advance, but quite a few carne
along and bought tickets at the doar.
come apart separate into pieces The antique picture frame ¡ust carne
apart in my hands.
come around or become conscious again A nurse was with me when I carne
come round round after the operation.
come out disappear or become less strong Let your shirt soak overnight and the
(of dirt or colour on clothing/material) stain wHl probably come out.
come out beco me public knowledge after ie has If this story comes out about the
been kept secret (01 the truth) Prime Minister, he'lI have to resigno
come out be given to people (of results or

, When do your exam results come out?
information)
come out leave after a period in a place Jane's coming out of hospital at the
(01 hospital/prison) weekend. She's much better now.
-- B Come expressing an idea of happen

1 was planning to arrange a surprise holiday for her birthday, but I'm not sure it's going to
come off. [happen successfully or as planned]
I've had to organise the school fair again t his year - I'm not quite sure how that carne about.
[happened, especially something which is not planned]
Dennis: Will you tell your boss about your plans to stand for the local council?
Norma: Only if the subject comes up' in conversation. 1 nearly told him at work this
morning, but then something carne up' and we had to deal with it straightaway.
Mind you, 1 don't know if a place on the council is going to come up' for a while
yet, so perha ps 1'11 wait.
I is mentioned or discussed
, happened unexpectedly, usually a problem or difficult situation
, become available
-- e Other meanings of come

1 am doing a research project for my degree on the psychology of ageing, but I've come up
against' a few problems. 1 carne across' someone who's done an almost identical study, so
I've got to come to' a decision: do 1 want to continue with it or not? 1 guess in the end my
decision will come down to' what my professor recommends.
, encountered or had ro deal with (a difficult situation)
, discovered (or met) by chance
, make (a decision about something)
4 depend mostly on or be influenced most by
I6 Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use

Exercises
6.1 Complete these sentences with apartide from A opposite.

1 Do you ha ve any glue? The cover of my address boa k is coming .................................. and 1 want
to stick it rogether again.
2 [spilt sorne orange juice on the tablecloth. Do you think it will come ................................ if 1 put
, it in the washing machine?
3 The last thing [ remember was feeling very dizzy. The next thing 1 knew, 1 came
.................................. in hospital and a doctor was standing by my bed.
4 The government is going to release a report on traffic congestion. 1 wonder when it's
comlOg .................................. .
5 We were just chatting at the comer when Jim Gore carne .................................. with hi s girlfriend.
6 [hear Bruce's opera tia n was successful. When is he coming .................................. of the clinic?
7 Sorne very shocking facts have come .................................. about government corruption, thanks ro
an investigation by a national newspaper.
6.2 Use a phrasal verb from the opposite page to complete these dialogues.
1 Anne: We lost everybody's e-mail address and had to start all over again.
Ken: Really? How did that ........................................:i. ......................................................... ?
Anne: Oh, it was sorne computer virus.
2 Rick: David keeps saying he's going to sail around the world.
[van: Huh! Do yo u think it will ever .............................................................................................. ?
Rick: Probably noto He's such a dreamer.
3 Brian: We'lllet you know what we decide. We'll phone you.
Fran: When do you think you'll . ................................................. ?
Brian: Probably at the meeting on Friday.
4 Oiga: [ thought you were coming to the dinner party last night.
Ulla: Yes, 1 was intending to, but right at the last minute something
1t.
OIga: Oh, [ see. Well, you must come next time.

6.3 Rewrite the nnderlined words in these horoscopes, using pbrasal verbs with come.
e SCORPIO *************************
You may have to deal with a few problems at work today, but
don't worry, they're only temporary, and a new job opportunity
, will arise which could change your life. The name oí an oId friend
@{~
is mentioned in conversation, bringing back powerful memories.
TAURUS*************************
You will meet someons by pure chance who seems to share the
same world view as you, but be careful, they are not what they
seem to be. Don't torget that, in the end, true love is mainly
about finding someone you can trust.
. Horoscopes are often good places to find everyday, informal phrasal verbs. Read your horoscope
regularly in an English newspaper or magazine, even if you don't believe it, and note down any phrasal
• verbs.
•

7 Get
Learning phrasal verbs in pairs associated with a context
phrasa/ verbs mean;ng examp/e
get together If two or more people get together, they It's nice to get together with people
(citen + with) meet in arder to do something or spend you get on with.
time together.
get on If two or more people get on, they like

(citen + with) each other and are friendly to each other.
get on continue doing something, especially work I must get on with my work. I got
(citen + with) behind because I spent too much time
on the Internet.
get behind If you get behind with work or with
(citen + with) payments, you have not done as much
work or paid as much as you should by
a particular time.
get 5th ayer with do and complete something difflcult or , Let's get this meeting ayer with, or
unpleasant that must be done else we'lI never get away befare the
rush hour and it will take ages to get
get away leave a place or person, often when the
home.
situation makes it difficult for you to do so
can't/cauldn't be very surprised or shocked that I can't get ayer how she manages to
get ayer sth something has happened or that get away with doing so little work.
something is true It's obvious te everyone, but the boss
never seems to notice.
get away with succeed in not being criticised or
sth/doing sth punished for something wrong that you
have done
More phrasal verbs with get

Gerry: How do you manage to survive without a ¡ob?
Kimberly: Oh, I get by with a bit of he!p from my parents. [ha ve ¡ust enough money ro pay
for the things I need, but nothing more]
Lauren: The problem is that the regulations don't allow us ro use next year's budget.
Juliet: Oh, don't worry. We'll get around/round it somehow. [find a way of dealing
with or avoiding a problem]
Yanis: Have yo u rung the trave! agent's yet to confirm our bookings?
Ronan: Sorry, 1 haven't got around/round to it yet, but 1'11 do it after lunch, 1 promise.
[do something that you have intended ro do for a long time]
Polly: I really think you ought to apologise to you-know-who about you-know-what.
Ivan: I'm sorry, I don't know what you're getting ato Who? What? [If you ask someone
what they are getting at, you are asking them what they mean, usually beca use
they have said something indirectly.]
Ellen: Do you think I can get away with not using any handouts in my lecture? [do
something successfully even though it is not the best way of doing it]
Lou: Yes, the students ¡ust throw them away anyway.
18 English Phrasa/ Verbs in Use

Exercises
7. I Choose the correet partide to complete these sen ten ces.

1 Why don't you get your homework ................................................... with so you can enjoy the rest of
the evening?
a) around b) over e) by d) away
2 As soon as Sue and 1 met, we knew we were going to get ................................................... wel\.
a) round b) at e) on d) up
3 1 just ean't come out with you tonight as I've got so .. ....................................... with my work.
a) up b) over e) away d) behind
4 Why does Rita always get ................................................... with arriving late? Ir doesn't seem fair.
a) by b) away e) on d) over
,e S I'm going to ha ve to get . .... to filling in my tax form soon.
a) round b) over e) away d) behind
6 1 hope you'll be able to get ................................................... from work at a reasonable time tonight.
a) away b) behind e) at d) over
7 Your mother eouldn't get . ..... the cost of restaurants in London.
a) up b) round e) by d) over
,
7.2 Match eaeh question on the left with the most likely response on the right.
1 How do you and Joe get on? 1 manage somehow, though it isn't easy.
2 What exaetly are you getting at? 1 just wasn't organised enough.
3 How do you get by on a student grant? Sure, that would be niee.
4 How did you get so behind? 1 eertainly hope so.
S When are you going to get round to it? Let me put it another way for you.
6 Shall we get together this evening? We're great friends .
7 Will you manage to get away soon? Soon, 1 promise.
7.3 Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentenees, using a phrasal verb from the opposite page.
Make any other necessary changes.
1 I've been planning to sort out my files but 1 haven't found time to do it yet.
2 1 can't believe how much money they spent on their New Year's party.
ay 3 Don't try to travel without paying your train fare - an inspector might come on and want
to see your ticket.
4 The teachers in the school often meet after work on Fridays in a café near the sehoo\.
S They avoided the problem of offending anyone and just invited all their friends to the
wedding.
6 1 usually find it quite hard to understand what Professor Maetoft is trying to say in his
leetures.
7 1 hope no-one will mind if 1 don't send any Christmas eards this year.
8 Emily has not done nearly as mueh work on her thesis as she should have done by now.
Learning verbs in pairs associated with a particular context can help you remember them. Look again
me at all the phrasal verbs on the opposite page. Try to make different pairs and write them in sentences
putting them in context, as in section A.
English Phrosal Verbs in Use 19

8 Go
Amelia's story
"
Ám.ua. ho.s bW'\ 9""'9 throo9h I (1. d,i,ffi.wLt time oJo work> '0 .he d .Ód .d !o d1ur
hu.uf ~p bH 9oin9 in for2 (1. wmpehli.on. The prLze wo.s (1. lt;,~rH ho~ in the
CMil>beo.n. Ám.ua. ho.s ho.d. to 90 wLthootl (1. ho~ far .evuoJ, He<Lr' now> '0 .he
r~ W<LnteO.. to win. The wmpehli.on wo.s to wri.te (1. .torH b"'iinning 'S,,,U.wUj the l.i.ght.
went oot' .. .' The probLem W(1.5 thoJo Ám.ua. w~td. not thil'lk of <Ln i<!.eo.. far hu .!orH.
cHON Cdrl ( 90 tlbotAtS getti.ng GL gooct i.d..ea..?» sne o..sked.. me.. (lc mIAse. be. 50me.t.ning
.pecW.l. '0 thoJo the j~d.g .. go far· mH .torH ovu oJL the othu• .' I .~gge.teO.. .he went
to the libr<LrH to go throo9h7 .ome boob of .hort storLe' - .he mÍ!jht get .ome i<!.eo..5
thue. So .he went off8 to .e< whoJo .he =td. fi.nd,.
S\1e soon fot.tnd.. some gre.o..t stori.es. Sr.e. Yeo..d. one. o..nd.. ttlen o..notner o..nd.. sne
went on9 rw.Jmg oJL (l.fternoon. Then .he noti.c.e<l o.. .tr<Lnge .mctL <Ln<l .~<l<lenUj the
l.i.ght. went o~t. She woke<l ~p <Ln<l so..w thoJo the .libroxH W(1.5 on fin. Of w~r.e> thoJo
gGLve. her ttle i.Gle.a. for hu stor!:l . 1 l10pe she wi.ns ",',
I experiencing an unpleasant oc difficult situarian 6 choose

2 doing oc competing in 7 examine the contents of something
3 not have something which you usually have carefully
4 stopped giving light 8 left a place to go ro somewhere else
5 start to do or dea 1 with something 9 continued
Some more phrasal verbs with go
phrasa/ verb meaning examp/e

go along with support an idea. or agree with someone's Whatever you say, Maggie will go along
sth/sb opinion with you.
go on continue to exist or happen It went on raining all day.
go on happen There's a police car outside the shop.

Do you know what's going on~
go through with do something unpleasant or difficult I don't want to do the exam now but I'd
which you planned or promised to do better go through with it.
go together il two types 01 thing or people go Abad cough and a sore throat olten go
together, they are usually found with each together.
other
Many of the very common English phrasal verbs, for example the ones in Units 6--12, have several
different meanings when combined with one particle. There are a few different meanings on this page
for go on and go through; however there are other possible meanings for both of these verb and particle
combinations. Remember this if you meet a phrasal verb in a new or unusual context because it may
have quite a different meaning there from one you are more familiar with.

Exercises
8.1 Complete the text below using the eorreet particles from the phrasal verbs in A opposite.
I wo..s 9oin9 .................................. C1l some ol<i l.ettus the othu ~ wnen I fo"nol one from mH friwol
NMqj. Aftu n"ln scl100L sne nruL gone .............................. (:L) ro rrrun o..s .. <iodor Mol enGleGl "P
in Afri=. Sne nruL ro 90. ......................... (3) HeoJS of vUH no..rol sw<iH before sne q"oJi,fiM. LUe-
in AfriaL NM not:. M GOmforto..bLe M i.t wo..s in exA\' nometown) a.nd.. tner-e. were. fYIo..t1.y thmgs sne.
nruL ro 90 .................................. (4) wni.cl1 the rese of "S thi.nk of o..s n"""ssities in o"r Mily LiNes.
B"e Glespiie .u the no..rolsnL¡>s, sne wene .................................. (5) workin9 Mol neLping peopLe Less
forbAnoJ;e thM nuscif. I o..Glmin nu so m"cI1. I wonGlueGl now I mU¡ne go .................................. (¡:,)
mC1king c.onto..c.t wi.t\1 ner Gt9ai.n) M I na..ve. no Uie.a. where she i..6 Livi.ng now.
8.2 Rewrite these sentenees using phrasal verbs with go so that they keep the same meaning.
1 I'm thinking of competing in the New York Marathon next year.
2 There were some diffieult times in my father's life.
3 Unemployment and high erime levels ofteo exist si de by side.
4 He deeided to undergo the operation even though there were risks.
5 1 refused to suPPOrt their deeision to close the youth club.
6 I didn't realise how late it was and 1 dido't stop studying till after midnight.
7 We had to survive with no hot water for 24 hours while they were repairing the pipes.
8 Do you think I should try the advaneed level exam? It might be too diffieult.
9 She just left without saying goodbye. 1 wonder if I offended her?
10 What was happening in the staffroom at lunehtime? I heard someone shouting.
8.3 In these sentenees, some of the phrasal verbs from the opposite page are used with new
11 meanings. Choose the correet paraphrase. Use a dietionary if neeessary.

1 We had to throw the fish away as it had gone off.
a) Someooe had switehed off the oven.
b) The fish had become bad beca use we kept it too long.
e) T he fish had fallen off the table on to the floor.
2 I wish you wouldn't go on about your ptoblems
all the time! I have problems too, you know!
a) I wish you wouldn't think obsessively.
b) I wish you wouldn't be very seeretive.
e) I wish you wouldn't talk eonstantly.
3 She's been going about telling everyone
I want to marry her.
<t2<w~~::,,:,,,.<,I;-'~
-_..
a) She's been thinking of telling everyone.
b) She's on the point of telling everyone.
e) She has told everyone. .;:--~~
4 Ask her to dance with you. Go on!
a) Continue doing what you're doing.
///~~
b) Step on to the dance floor. Suddenly the light went out leaving
e) Do it now, don't hesitate. George and Mildred in complete darkness.
The verb go on has a naun and an adjective associated with it: goings-on (naun) and ongoing
(adjective). Look in a good dictionary to find out how they are used and make a sentence with each
one in your vocabulary notebook.

9 Look
A Phrasal verbs where /ook keeps aspects of its basic meaning
The idea oí seeing, observing or noticing something is included in many phrasal verbs
wirh look.
Tim: Did you manage ro read the report?
Iris: Well, I looked at it, but I haven't read it
properly. [read it quickly and not very
carefully]
Tim: I'd like you to read it if you could.
We need ro look at the conclusions and
make sorne decisions. [examine or
consider something carefully in order ro
make a decision about it]
Rita: How do I get ro your village coming
from the city?
Bob: When you're on the motorway, look
out for a sign saying 'Willowsdean'.
That's where you turn off. [carefully
watch the things around you so that
you will norice a particular thing]
The bank robbers had a lookout standing at
the street comer to warn them if the police
came. [noun: a person who is watching for
danger]
1 wasn't in the demonstration. I was just an
onlooker. [noun: someone who watches an
activity or event without becoming involved in
it; from the phrasal verb with the same
meaning look on]
Phrasal verbs where /ook has more abstract meanings
/fyou ". men you ".

look up to sb respece and admire them
look down on sb/sth think that someone or something is less important than you, or that
something is not good enough quality for you to use
look after sb/sth take care of someone or something by doing what i5 needed to keep
someone or something well or in good condition
loo k ahead think about what will happen in the future and plan for those events
look around/round try to find something you want (e.g. a job) by asking different people or
by looking in different places
loo k forward to sth/doing 5th feel pleased and excited about something rhat is going to happen

Exercises
9. I Choose the correet answer.

1 If you are looking around for a new job, you are ...
a) applying for a new job b) trying to find a new job
e) worried aboU! your new job
2 If you look out for someone who is pieking you up in their ear, you ."
a) earefully avoid getting hit by their ear b) wateh the road and warn them of danger
e) wateh for their ear so you will see them when they arrive
3 If you look down on eheap restaurants, you ".
a) eonsider them not good enough for you b) see them from the top windows of your
r:- house or flat e) always eonsider them before going to a dearer one
- 4 If you look after someone's eat while they are away, yoo ".
a) follow the eat everywhere b) seareh for it beca use it is lost
e) eare for it and give it what it needs
5 If you look up to your English teaeher, you ".
a) stand up when you speak to him or her b) admire and respeet him or her
e) raise your head beca use he or she is taller .chan you
" .
9.2 Complete these sentenees with a suitable partide.
t 1 l'm really looking .................................. to seeing my cousins again next week.

2 She's looking .................................. for a new English course. She's not very satisfied with the one
she's following at the momento
3 She loves looking .................................. ehildren, so she has decided to train as a nanny.
4 We have to look .................................. to the time when our child will be old enough to go to
university.
5 Lord Muek is a terrible snob. He looks ................................ on most other people.
6 1 didn't have time to read the newspaper yesterday. 1 only looked .................................. it very
quickly.
9.3 Complete the diagram, using words from the opposite page.
~e end 01 the exam, ~ ~_

e_an_._
. ________~~-
<
~ ................................... ~ ~ without getting involve~
....,¿arelully ........ m.. m.. m.m .. m.. ~~ .m:':;hil~~h~~~~~lsI~~et~~k~olice

/
our plans for the future a~
~ct as the ...........................................,.,_
~ make a decision
9.4 Here are some more phrasal verbs based on [ook. Read each sentenee and try to guess the
11 meaning of the phrasal verbo Use a dictionary if necessary.

1 You could look up the new words in a dictionary.
2 When 1 was in Boston on business last week 1 looked up an old friendo
3 After a long recession the eeonomie situation is looking up.
4 1 looked over the repor! on the way to the meeting.
5 1 looked through the repor! and scribbled down a few notes.
6 Detectives are looking into the murder.

10 Make
Make + the particles (or, out and Up
up something = form the for somewhere = go in out somethinglsomeone = be
whole of something the direction of able to see or hear something
~ or someone with difficulty
~ I
up something (or make out someone (or make someone
someth ing up) = invent out) = understand why someone
something, e.g. a story behaves as tbey do
or a game
up someth ing (or make something out something (or make something out)
up) = say or write something that = understand something, especially why
is not true in order tú deceive something has bappened
Examples:
Can you make out the words of this song? . ...
When we got to the park, the ehildren made for the swings while 1 sat on a beneh.
Sally didn't want 10 go 10 the eoneere, so she made up an excuse about being ill.
The children loved Uncle Bob beca use he was so good at making up new games.
Over 30% of the university population is made up of overseas students.
Notice how make out with the following three meanings is usually used with can or could in
a negative sentenee and is not usually used in the passive.
1 couldn't make out a word he was saying.
Jack is behaving very strangely at the momento 1 just can't make him out.
1 can't make out why my computer won't let me save this documento
You probably already know that the noun make-up can mean cosmetics, e.g.
My sister never goes out without any make-up on, but 1 only wear it for special occasions.
However, make-up, from the verb make up, can also mean the combination of things which
form something, e.g.
The class has an interesting make-up, with students from three continents and twelve
different eountries.
Make + two particles
phrasal verb meaning example
make up for sth provide something good in order to The wondenul food in the restaurant made
make abad situatlon better up for the rather uncomfortable seats.
make it up to sb do something good for someone who I forgot Teresa's birthday yesterday so 1'11
you have done something bad to in have to take her somewhere nice to
the past, or to someone who has make it up to her.
done something good for you

Exercises
1O. 1 Read these comments by different people and then answer the questions below by writing the
eorrect name in the box.
le
ng
Drew 1 ean't make out what she's saying, can you?
Melanie 1 ¡ust ean't make him out at all, can you?

)ne
one
1 treated her a bit insensitively at the party
Lars
so 1 gave her a present to make up for it.
,ut)
,hy 1 made up a story about losing my wallet,
Pete so he paid the drinks bill for me.
lloved the trip. The beautiful s.G~ner'y

Jane
made up for the awful roads. '
1 Who invented something that was not true?
2 Who said something good had made abad experience less bad?
10 3 Who has difficulty hearing something?
4 Who wanted to restore a damaged relationship?
5 Who can't understand someone's behaviour?

10.2 Correet the mistakes with the phrasal verbs in these sentenees.
1 As soon as we had eheeked in at the
ns. hotel, we made straight at the beach.
2 She made out sorne story about the
:h bus being late, but ['m sure she ¡ust
overslept.
3 Why the camera was not working
properly eould not be made out
byanybody.
4 Harry is very good at making The make-up of the new cabinet clearly reflected the
over stories for the ehildren; extreme wing of the party.
they love his tales.
le
5 Can you make what that white thing on the horizon is out?
6 The report is made of three seetions up.
Use a good dictionary or search the Cambridge International Dictionary o( Phrasa/ Verbs online at
dictionary.cambridge.org to see how many more phrasal verbs with make you can find. Write down
three that you particularly want to remember in example sentences.

II Put
Put verbs related to physical actions
With all these phrasal verbs the particle can come either before or after the object,
e.g. to put on a CD or to pUl a CD on.
We spent yesterday putting in a new washing machine.
[fixing new equipment or a new system in the correct place] ~,.0~;r~~
Could you put the air conditioning on, please? le's so hot ~~~~k~!LJ:===kJL~~WI
in here. [make a device work by pressing a switch]
I don't think you've heard this CD. ['Il put it on.
[put something that sounds or pictures are recorded onto
into a machine so that you can hear or see the recording]
Would you mind putting that light out? It's shining directly
onto rny computer screen.
[making a light stop shining by pressing a switch]
I see they're putting up a new block of flats riear ~he park.
[building a structure]
le poured with rain while we tried to put oue tent up.
[open something that is folded or tolled up so that it
is ready to use]
Put verbs and time

Dave: Jim, I'm sorry to have to put you off again, but I'm just too busy to see you toda y
[tell someone you can't see them or do something for them till a later time].
Could we put our meeting back till next week? [change the date or time of an event
so that it happens later than planned]
Jim: Sure. We can put it off until next Monday. [decide or arrange to do something at a
later time]
Pilot: Ladies and gentlemen, we're now coming in to land at Mexico City. You may want
to put your watches forward; the local time is 8.35 a.m. [make a watch or dock
show an earlier time]
In Britain, around the last weekend in October, all docks are put back one hour. [make a
watch or dock show an earlier time]
Put verbs and relations with other people
¡(you ... then ...

are put out you are annoyed, aften because of something that someone has done or said
to you
put up with sblsth you accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situatlon, even though you
do not like it
put sb on t%nto sth/sb you tell them about someth ing or someone that could help them, often
something or someone they did not know about befare

E.xercises
1 1.1 Correct any mistakes in these sentences. If there are no mistakes, write correct at the end of
the sentence.
1 1 like sleeping in tents but 1 don't like putting up them.
2 Put that CD on that you bought yesterday. I'd like to hear it.
3 We put last week in a new dishwasher. lt's wonderful.
4 Will you put on the TV? 1 want to watch the tennis.
5 That light is too strang. Shall we put out it?
11.2 Complete the text using particles from the opposite page.
'1 <lon't know how Ho.rry ""ts ....

boss e.ve.n gas hi.m ro ""t the. lU¡hts
....... (1) wil;h h"s boss. He. works 50 hGI.Yo.. but h"s
.... (2.) for hi.m whe.n ~ stGtYts ro ga d..GtYk , (
o.n&- ~'s oJ.wo.ys Ho.rry who ho..s ro ""t . . . ....... (3) nw ""m""tu "'luipme.nt. H", boss
ne.ve.r thmks twia. o.boot ""tti.ng hi.m .................................. (4) whe.n the.y've. o.rro.nge.o.. /L m~g.
t 1 know HGtYry fecls ""t .................................. (5) , but h~ ne.ve.r ""mpl<li.ns. We. shool<l rwJ.4j <lo whlLt
we. CGlI'l ro ""t hi.m .................................. (b) some. better ·jobs .
.. 1'"
~
11.3 Rewrite these sentences so that the actions are the opposite of the ones underlined.
.. "% Use phrasal verhs from the opposite page and make any other necessary changes so that
>- "
.~
the sentences make sense.
EXAMPLE Please turn the radio off now. I'm trying to sleep.
{
PLeo..se. ""t the. r<Ld..W on now. The.re.'s /L progr"""me. 1'0.. like. ro u,ste.n ro .
:nt 1 Could you switch the light on please. 1 can't see to read.
2 They're pulling down those old bui ldings near the railway starion.
a 3 The Boy Scouts took their tent down very quickly and loaded it into their bus.
4 Could we possibly bring our meeting forward to 10 o'clock?
nt 5 When we moved into our new house we decided to remove an old, rather ugly fireplace.
6 Can you turn that CD off, please. 1 can't concentrate on my work.
1104 Here are sorne more phrasal verbs based on puto Match the pbrasal verbs in the sentences
1-5 with the definitions a-e. Use a dictionary if necessary.
11 1
2
Josie is very good at putting her ideas across.
Anyone who is smoking must put their cigarettes out immediately.
3 I'm not putting that on. I'd look ridiculous in it!
4 The secretary's put up sorne information about excursions. Have you seen it?
5 The plane was due to put down in Los Angeles at 3.50 a.m., but was diverted to San
Francisco at the last minute.
lid
a) stick or fasten a piece of paper to something, e.g. a wall, so that it can be seen
b) express in such a way that others can understand easily
)U
e) land
d) put a piece of clothing on your body
e) extinguish or stop something burning
English Phrasol Verbs in Use 27

12 Take
A Take in a physical sense
If you take apart something or take something apart you separate it into its different parts.
Rod loves taking docks apart, but he never manages to put them together again.
If you take back something or take something back, you return it to the person or
organisation that you bought or borrowed it from.
When you go into town to take back your library books could you also take these trousers
back to the shop for me - they're too small.
If you take aside somebody or take somebody aside, you separate someone from a group of
people so that you can speak to them privately.
My boss took me aside at the Christmas party and told me he was going to give me a
promotion in the New Year.
lf you take off, you suddenly lea ve a place, without telling anyone where you are going.
Most people stayed at the party until quite late, but Rose took off early for so me reason.
B Take in an abstract sense
take up sth or start doing a particular job or activity My son has recently taken up stamp
take 5th up collecting as a hobby.
take off 5th or subtract a particular amount from a The shop assistant took off ten per cent
take sth off (sth) total because che item was damaged.
take away 5th subtract a first number from a second 1I you take 1 1 away Irom 33, you're left
or take 5th away number with 22.
take back 5th or admit chat something you said was I shouldn't have called you lazy - I take it
take sth back wrong back.
take in sth or look at something carefully noticing all He showed us a photo of his house, but I
take sth in the details was so tired that I didn't really take it in.
e Other sen ses of take

Lucy has started swimming regularly. She has taken out' a year's membership at a local
sports dub and has taken t0 2 going to the swimming pool every lunch hour. She is so taken
up with J her swimming that she wouldn't even take me up on 4 my offer to buy her lunch in
the best restaurant in town. The exercise certain ly takes it out oP her - she is too exhausted
to go anywhere in the even ings.
, subscribed to or registered for something officially 4 accept
2 started to do something often S makes her feel very ti red
J very busy doing something
I
Because the most common verbs, e.g. take, get, make, have so many different phrasal verbs with different
. meanings associated with them, it is useful to group the meanings, as in the sections of this unit. Try to
do this for other common verbs and their phrasal verbs as you meet new ones and try to record an
example sentence in your vocabulary notebook to help you remember them.

Exercises
12. 1 Each line of this text contains a phrasal verb with take, but sorne of them are used
s. incorrectly. lf a line has a correct phrasal verb, tick the box. If the line is incorrect,
cross out the incorrect word and write the correct word in the box.
EXAMPLE The watch was broken so I took it e# to the shop. bog""
I bought a new jacket but it had a mark on it so I took it back .
.sers
The shop assistant túok me offside and told me that
of if I was prepared to keep the jacket she wou ld take away

ten per cent. I didn't reaJly take in what she was saying at
first, but once I understood, I decided tú take her over on the offer.
n. 1 Roy: 1 find it very offensive that you called Ciaran an idiot.
Kim: OK, OK. Sorry, I shouldn't have said it. I ................................................... .
2 Matt: Fiona seems really keen on her tenhis th'ese days.
Ciare: Yes, she's really . ".""""" it. She's so """"""". """"." """""""."" ... with it
that she's stúpped going to the swimming pool.
3 Jim: I tried to clean the inside of my computer and I've put all the bits back but [
ha ve two bits left overo
Len : Well, I'm not surprised! I warned you not tú """"""""""""""""""""""""". in the first
It place.
4 Brian: I get so bored since 1 retired from rny jobo
Miriam: Well, why don't you . . golf?
S Ali: What's this figure here, nO?
Paul: !t's what you get when you . "." lIS ,
it
from t4S.
6 Anoma: You look exhausted these days.
Terry: Yes, teaching 28 hours a week reaJly " ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,, me.
n. 7 Hilary: Geoff left very suddenly, didn't he?
Kersty: Yes, he just " """"""."". without even saying goodbye.
~en
In
sted
'ent
to
To the surprise of everyone at the party, Geoff suddenly took off without saying goodbye.

13 Up
Read this text about someone eomplaining about having to do housework. Notiee how the
partide up sometimes expresses the idea of eompleting or rotally finishing something.
I spent all morning yesterda y dearing up I my study. There were books and
papers everywhere. Then I had ro sweep Up2 the rubbish and dead lea ves on the
terraee. After that I tried to tidy Up3 my bedroom. There were dirty dothes all jumbled
up' in apile on the floor. I had ro hang ups four jaekets and several pairs of trousers
I'd left Iying on ehairs. That rook me an hour. Then I diseovered the washbasin was
dogged Up6 in the bathroom, so I had to dear that. By that time I'd used Up7 all my
energy and I was too ti red to do anything, so I just fell asleep on the sofa.
I making a place tidy and clean, especially by 4 (adjective) mixed together in an untidy way
putting things where they usually belong (from the verb jumble up)
2 remove rubbish or dirt, usually from the s hang something, especially clothes, on a hook
floor, using a brush 6 blocked
3 make a room or a group of things tidy by .' . 7 fínished a supply of something
putting things in the correet place
Note how the partide up can be used for emphasis:

Eat up your vegeta bIes, children! Drink up your juice! Paul's used up all the milk.
These three sentences eould be written without up, but using up emphasises the meaning of
'finish it all or completely'.
BRead this live Internet chat between Robert and Gemma.

0 = 08 I arrived, especialIy ar a place
G: Hi Rob, are you there? where people were expecting
R: Hi Gemma, what's new? her
G: My sisterVal showed upl at last. She's been promising to 2 arrived
come for weeks. ] srarred a new shop or business
R: Great. ;.) .. make somerhing more
G: Yeah, she turned Up2 yesterday evening. inreresring and exciring
R: What's she doing these days? 5 (noun) the way that something
G: She's ¡ust opened Up3 a restaurant serving exotic foed is arranged (from the verb
from different countries. It's in that shopping mal! in set up)
Dunston, you know. 6 separare somerhing inro
R: Wow! That's original. It'lI certainly liven Dunston up" a bit, smaller parts or groups
it's such a boring place. How did she think of that? 7 cutting something, especially
G: Oh. she's always lull 01 new ideas. food, inro small pieces
R: So, what's the set upsr Is she the only persen involved?
G: No, she has a business partner and they divide Up6 the
work - and the profits!
R: Sounds like lun.;.)
G: Yeah, but she says it's hard work. She spends hall the day
chopping Up7 food and cleaning the kitchen.
R: Mm. Maybe we're better off working in office jobs .. .

Exercises
13.1 Look at the pieture and answer the

questions.
1 What does the woman need to tidy up.
2 What does she need to sweep up?
3 What must she hang up?
4 What are jumbled up on the floor?
5 How might she feel when she has
eleared everything up?
13.2 Choose the best verb from B to fill the gaps in this e-mail. Use a different verb in eaeh gap
and write it in the correet formo
Hi,Gina!
100k
How are things with you? Hope all's welL Has your cousin ................ ........ (1) up
ye!? We certainly need him around to ................•.,.,. ...,. (2) ~his place up a bit! Besides
which,l need his help in the garden.An old tree blew down last week and I need to
.................................. (3) up the branehes. When he eventually .............................. (4) up,
let's try out that new club that's ........................... (5) up in Market Street.
Love,Tanya
of
13.3 Choose the eorreet word to complete these sentenees. Sometimes there is more than one
possible answer.
:e 1 Sam. . ................... up too mueh time on the first exam question and didn't finish
ng the paper.
a) elogged b) used e) divided d) showed
2 Guess who .................. up at midnight last night!
ness a) showed b) livened e) hung d) turoed
3 Please eould you ............................. up these onions for me?
a) divide b) turo e) ehop d) elog
hing 4 Jill spent ages ............................ up the lounge.
a) dearing b) tidying e) hanging d) turmng
5 A new supermarket is ........................... up near us next month.
a) turoing b) showing e) opening d) hanging
6 The bath is ...................... up with hair. !t's disgusting!
lly a) jumbled b) swept e) ehopped d) clogged
7 Could you ................................ up the lea ves on the fron! steps, please?
a) hang b) elear e) use d) sweep
8 When the old man died, his things were ............................... up among his ehildren.
a) ehopped b) divided e) eleared d) used
In sorne of the phrasal verbs in A and B opposite the verb can be nsed on its own without the
partide up to make a grammatical sentenee with more or less the same meaning.
1 In whieh cases could the up be left out?
2 In the sentenees where the partide is not essential what extra meanings, if any, do you
think the up adds?
English Phrasal Verbs in Use 3I

r
14 Out
Out meaning not in
Many phrasal verbs with out have an association with the basic meaning of out, i.e. not in.

leave out 5th or not ¡nelude something or someone For homework do exercise 8 but leave
leave 5th out out number 10.
cut out 5th or remove by cutting, usually from paper or She cut sorne interesting articles out of
cut 5th out cloth the newspaper tor uso
show out sb or lead a visitar who is leaving to the doar Let me show you out - ir's quite hard
show sb out of a room or building to find the exit from here.
see out sb or go with someone to rhe doar of a room Don'( worry. I can see myself out.
see sb out or building when they are leaving
let out sb/sth or persa n or animal to leave, usually

all ow a The doar will be locked bu! rhe
let sb/sth out by opening a locked or closed dpor receptionist will let you out.
>
lock out sb or prevent someone from entering a I forgot my keys and was locked out of
lock sb out building by locking the door my own house!
lock yourself out accidentally prevent yourself from getting I've locked myself out so afeen that I've
into a building by leaving the keys inside hidden a spare key in the garden now.
when you shut the door
-8 Out meaning to the end or completely

Sometimes out in phrasal verbs gives an idea of completing or doing something ro the end.
1 sorted out my room on Sunday. [arranged things that were untidy]
1 eleared out [made tidy by removing unwanted things] aH my wardrobes and threw away aH
my worn out shoes [adjective: used so much that they had become damaged, from rhe verb
wear out].
Unfortunately, I'd run out of furniture polish, so 1 couldn't do any polishing, but I'H do that
next weekend. [there was none left because it had aH been used]
Other uses of out ;

Here are sorne other phrasal verbs which use out.
He spread out the photos on the table so everyone could see them. [arranged on a flat surface]
The band has a new album coming out next month. [available for people tú buy]
Madam, would you like ro try out the bike before deciding whether to buy it? [test ro find
out if it works or decide whether you like it]
My husband's business is so busy ar the moment that I'm helping out in the office. [helping,
especiaHy by doing work or giving money]
1 always feel 1 lost out beca use 1 never learnt a musical instrument as a child. [did not ha ve
an advantage that others had]
j
32 English Phrasa/ Verbs ;n Use
Exercises
14. 1 Rewrite these sentences using phrasal verbs from A.

n. 1 1'11 take you down to the exit, if you like.
2 For sorne reason my name was omitted from the guest list.
3 My keys are inside the car and I can't get into it.
,ve 4 He can find his own way to the exit - there's no need to take him there.
5 She collected pictures of her pop idol from the music magazines.
6 The security guard opened the gate so we could lea ve the building site.
t 01
14.2 Complete these sentences using phrasal verbs. Write the verbs in the correct formo
rd 1 1 ............................................... out by not learning a foreign language at school. I meet so many
people 1 just can't communicate with.
2 Would you Iike to ................................................. out my tennis racket? It's a new model.
3 Our business at the shop is growing so fast we need someone to ................................................... out at
weekends.
4 I got ................................................... out yesterday. I left home without my keys and my f1atmate had
gone away for the day. .
t 01 5 1 ................................................... out a job advertisement· ¡rorrí the paper last night and now I don't
know where 1 put it.
6 Rana: Right, Miles, I'm leaving now.
I've
Miles: 1'11 come with you and ............................................... you out. Our new offiee building is a
v.
bit complieated.
Rana: Oh, it's OK, 1 can .................................................. myself out.
Miles: Well, aetually you ean't. They loek the street door at 6 p.m. so 1'11 have to come
and ................................................... you out.
d. 14.3 Write a sentenee about eaeh pieture using phrasal verbs from this unit.
1 2 3
yall
rb
hat
ABCDfG,.
~
IA~
face]
14.4 Choose which sentenee from a-e below best fits the gaps 1-5 in the texto
I wanted to find out more about the history of my town for a eollege projeet. (1) So I deeided
to go to the locallibrary. I got out sorne books, newspapers and sorne old maps whieh they
hado (2) 1 deeided to make apile of things to photocopy. (3) There was a huge amount of
material, too much in faet. (4) So 1 hurried and just ehose the most important things to eopy
mg, in the time I had lefr. (5) 1 will go back and do them sorne other time.
a) So 1 sorted out rhe most important items .
.ve b) Unfortunately, I had to lea ve out the very big maps.
e) 1'd cut out sorne articles from the local paper but I needed more information.
d) Time was running out; the Iibrary closed at 4 p.m.
e) 1 spread them all out on a big table.

15 Off
Leaving places
Off sometimes combines with verbs to express the idea of something or someone leaving a
place.
lift
send~ clear
example meaning
The space shuttle will lift off at 09.00 hours. leave the ground (of a spacecraft or aircraft)
We should head off at abaut six tomorrow. start a journey or leave a place
I've sent off that letter you wrote to the newspaper. sent a letter, documento or pareel by post
Let's try and slip off befare the meeting finishes leave a place quiedy so that other people do not
and go for a drink. n9tice you going
Why did he just clear off without saying goodbye? leave a place quickly (informal)
Clear off! This is private property.
Ending or changing state

Off sometimes expresses the idea of moving towards an ending or a change of state.
I'U come and see you off at the airport tomorrow. [go to the airport in order to say goodbye]
My cousin has sold off his share of the Internet company he started with a friendo [sold aU or
part of a business]
After lunch Grandpa dozed off on the sofa. [graduaUy started to sleep, especiaUy during the day]
Mr Prosser suddenly looked very pale and broke off in the middle of his lecture. [suddenly
stopped speaking]
She's so elever. She can run off a 1,OOO-word essay in an hour. lt takes me aU day! [quickly
and easily write something that is usuaUy difficult to write]
Note that run off with the meaning of leave somewhere quickly could also ha ve been
ineluded in A aboye.
Other expressions with off

What he said has put me off the idea of going to BlandviUe for a holiday altogether! [made
me not Jike something]
His description of the hotel was very off-putting. [adjective: made something sound
unattractive or unpleasant, from the verb put off]
Maybe we should hold off and go to Paris or somewhere in the spring? [delay doing something]
I think I've managed to turo him off the idea of building a model railway rrack in rhe back
garden. [make someone decide rhar rhey are not interesred in somerhing]
She didn'r ger offended by rhe comment; she jusr laughed ir off. [laughed abour somerhing
unpleasanr in order ro make ir seem less imporrant or serious]

Exercises
15.1 Complete these senlences, using verbs from A or B. Write the verbs in the correct formo
a 1 The company is not doing very weU - isn't it time you ................................................... off your shares
in ir?
2 We were talking to J anice when she suddenly .................................................. off in the middle of a
sentence and ran out of the room.
3 I thought it was very rude of him just to ................................................ off like that without saying
goodbye.
4 Would you like me to come and . . you off at the station?
S I thought I'd ................................................. off fairly soon - I've got to get up early tomorrow, but
thank you for a lovely party.
6 I was so tired that I just .................................................. off in front of the television.
7 You mustn't forget to .................................................. off that birthday card this afternoon.
8 A large crowd gathered 10 watch the rocket .... ...... off.
15.2 Replace the underlined words in these sentences with phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 It won't take her long to do the letters you ast<ed her to do.
2 I often fall asleep in boring lectures . .
3 Let's try and leave quietly befare the others wake up.
4 In the middle of a long speech the actor suddenly slOpped and ran off the stage.
S I've!lli1 all the students' exam results in the post.
6 The school disco has given her quite negative feelings about discos in general.
7 Tell that boy in our front garden to leave at once - he's annoying the dogo
8 Fortunately, he didn't take the criticism of his acting seriously .
.bye] 15.3 Answer these questions using ful! sen ten ces.
111 or
1 If someone criticised your hairstyle would you laugh it off or get very upset?
e day] 2 What kind of programmes are most likely 10 make you doze off in front of the television?
,ly 3 If you go on a journey on your own, who usual!y sees you off?
4 Can you run off an English essay quickly or does it take you a long time to do?
dy S Why might a lecturer break off in the middle of a talk?
6 If you plan to slip off during a party, how are you intending 10 gol
7 If someone teUs sorne children 10 'elear off', how do you think that person probably feels
about the children?
8 Name something that might put you off eating your dinner.
15.4 Rewrite these sentences using a phrasal verb from the opposite page that mean s the opposite
,de of the underlined verbo Make any other necessary changes so that the sentences make sense.
1 I'm going 10 meet James at the airport IOmorrow.
2 I've just received a letter from Pauline.
3 The rocket is due to land tomorrow at noon.
thing] 4 I hope I've managed 10 interest him in the idea of redecorating the house.
Ick S I woke up when al! the others went off 10 play tennis.
6 We're planning to arrive in the early evening.
Eng/ish Phroso/ Verbs in Use 35

-
I6 •
On and In
l
A On
On in phrasal verbs somerimes has a elear link wirh rhe basic physical meaning of on.
Never buy shoes withour rrying rhem on! [purring on a piece of elorhing ro see wherher ir firs
and wherher you like ir]
Ray: Do you rhink Dan's really feeling berrer or is he jusr purring on a brave face?
[pretending ro have a parricular feeling or behave in a way that is nor real or natural
for yo u]
Joe: No, I rhink he's fine now. 1 don'r think his cheerfulness is pur-on. [adjecrive: pretend or
not genu ine, from the verb pur on]
Sam: l've got something weighing on * my mind ar rhe momento Cou ld yo u give me sorne
advice? [worr ying, upsetting]
Deb: No problem. Tell me all abour ir and 1'11 do what 1 can.
On is also used wirh verbs where there is an idea of dependence.
You can always cely/depend/count on" Jim! [be oonfidenr rhar someone will help yo u]
"In these lour verbs upon may be used insread of on. Upon sounds slighrly more formal.
On in phrasal verbs also ofren conrains an idea of lurther.
Jusr beca use you've failed one driving rest, you musrn'r srop ha vi ng lessons. YOll musr
keep on rrying. [continue ro do somerhing]
When you've finished wirh the magazine, jusr pass ir on to someone el se. [give]
B In
Here are sorne 01 rhe many phrasal verbs rhar use in. In each case rhere is a link w ith rhe
basic physical meaning of in.

call in visir a place or persa n tor a short time, Please call in and see us when you are
usually when you are going somewhere else next in town.
take 5th in or make a piece of clothing narrower This skirt is too big tor me naw - 1'11 have
take in 5th to take ir in.
rub 5th in or put a substance on che surface of Rub che cream in gently with che tips of
rub in 5th something and rub ir so that ir goes into your fingers.
che surface
lock sb in or prevent someone from leaving a room or Make sure you leave the office by 6.30 p.m.
lock in sb building by locking the doors or you'lI be locked in.
push in rudely join a line of people who are It's so annoying when people push in at
(informal) waiting by going in front of sorne of the the bus stop.
people who are already there
sink in start to be believed (used about something Be patient with Jenny - it'lI take a long
unpleasant or surprising, which usually has time for the terrible news to sink in.
implications)
,
:
~
Exercises
16.1 Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences, using phrasal verbs from A.
1 1 read the gardening article you gave me then gave it to a friend who's al so interested in plants.
fits 2 Do you think she's real!y angry, or do you think she's just pretending?
3 He looks very pale and tired. Something is clearly worrying him.
4 !t's a lovely jacket. See if it fits you and how it looks on you.
S I'm not going to stop working until I've finished this reporto
al 6 You can be sure that Brian wil! be there when you need him.
d or 16.2 Look at these remarks by different people and then read the statements 1-5 below. If the
statement is true, tick (.1) the box. If the statement is false, put a cross ()() in the box and
explain why it is falseo
I've always been
1 was working late able to ask my
and didn't realise it was parents to help me
8 p.m. The main door out of when 1 have had
the oHice had been closed for financial problems.
Richard the night and 1 had no key. · ,. Bob
Osear seems to
I've got sorne be not answering his
mosquito bites. Have you phone. 1'11 tel! him the
got any crea m that'l! stop news when 1 see
them itching? him tomorrow.
Anwar
M y new slGrt was

I've got a lot of
far too loose so 1 reduced
problems which are
the waistband by three
worrying me at
centimetres.
the momento
Alice Jan
1 Anwar has decided to keep on phoning Osear. D

2 Alice decided not to take her skirt in. D
Ive 3 Jan has a number of things weighing on her mind. D
4 Louise wants to rub in sorne cream. D
S Bob can't real!y count on his parents' support. D
,f
6 Richard got locked in. D
16.3 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. There is one mistake in each sentence.
p.m. 1 Hey, that man just pushed on - that taxi should have been ours!
2 Mary's bad news has been weighing my mind on al! day.
3 1 need time for to sink in the news .
.t
4 1 couldn't lea ve the room because someone had locked me out.
S Phrasal verbs may seem hard but you must keep upon trying.
6 You'l! never guess who cal!ed at the oHice in today!
. Go to the Cambridge University Press dictionary website at dictionary.cambridge.org. Find one more
meaning for each of these verbs and write an example sentence: pass on, take in and rub in. If you do
• not have Internet access, try looking in a good monolingual or bilingual dictionary.
•

~ --,-
I 7 Down and over

Different meanings of down
general meaning
examp/e meaning af phrasa/ verb in examp/e
of down
move in the direction We'll have to chop/cut down rhat old cut through it so that it falls to the
of the ground tree. It's dead. ground
We were weighed down with luggage, carrying too much

heaviness which so we cculdn'( run to catch the train.
causes difficulty I was loaded down with library books, carrying too many things
so I taok the bus home.
Just take down the main peints, not write something. especially something
everything the lecturer says. that someone says
put on paper
1'11 write down your phone number, or write something on a piece of paper so
else 1'11 forget it. thar you do not forget it
,
I'm taking these tablets to keep my stop the number, level, or size of
reduce a number blood pressure down. something from increasing
or amount. or
not let it rise I'm trying to cut down on burgers and eat or drink less of a particular thing.
chips as I've started to put on weight. usually in arder to improve your health
The car factory has shut down. and c10sed and stopped working
2,000 people have lost their jobs.
stop an activity
That nice ltalian restaurant in town has stopped doing business
closed down. What a pity!
-O Over
Read Ali's e-mail ro Karen about a report at work.
I
'" read something from the
v Pn- .. ~\Nt ' ,, 1!Jllfrl"~"" .~,¡ \tilro<,.Of "rI01I.a\:lI't-I"':Js'N~!>o,,, I, I'Ir-n' l '''' ..
From: AH Masrouf Sent: Thu 25/05 14:33 beginning to the end in order
To: Karen Miles Ce: to find any mistakes or to
Subjeee Philippa·s report Attaehed:
understand it better
2 quickly examine something
Could you please read Oyer l Philippa's latest report and just
look oyer2 the figures in the appendix? We can go oyer3 it
, talk or think about something
together when we meet tomorrow. Then 1'11 add our comments in order to explain it or make
and hand the whole thing oyer4 to the sales team. sure that it is correct
Ali " give something to someone
else
Listen to this answerphone message.
I
spending the night somewhere else
Hi, Mum. I'm staying over l at rather than going horne (staying
Sheila's tonight - she's a bit miserable on its own would also be possible
beca use she didn't win the tennis here)
~---
.~ • • • 4> .....-
championship. ['rn sure she' l! get over'
it soon, though. She also fel! over' and
2 recover from an illness or
disappointrnent
'I>'lt!.~/ -"
hurt her knee quite badly. Anyway, ['l! , fel! to the ground (feU on its own
see you tomorrow. Bye. would also be possible here)
38 English Phrasaf Verbs in Use

Exercises
1 7. 1 Read the sentenees using phrasal verbs from A and answer the questions.
1 Jamie is weighed down with luggage.
What do we know about Jamie's luggage?
2 She's trying to cut down on chocolate.
Does she still eat chocolate?
3 Sid took down everything we said.
Did Sid tape or write what was said?
4 The garage has shut down.
Has the garage shut for the evening?
5 They ehopped down the bushes in front of their house.
Why might they ha ve deeided to do this?
g
17.2 Complete these newspaper headlines with the correct verbs from the box. Write the verbs in
the correet formo
so
chop cut go hand keep shut
1 LOCAL CAFÉ ................................................... DOWN BY HEALTH INSPECTORS

•" 2 DOCTORS WARN TEENAGERS TO . ............... DOWN ON CIGARETTES
,Ith
3 REBEL TROOPS ................................................... OVER WEAPONS
4 TWENTY OAKS ................................................... DOWN ro MAKE WAY FOR BYPASS
5 GOVERNMENT PRO MISES TO ................................................... DOWN INFLATION
6 CABINET OF MINISTERS TO . . ...................................... OVER REPORT IN DETAlL TOMORROW
17.3 Answer these questions about phrasal verbs with down and overo Use a dictionary if
11 necessary.
1 Which three phrasal verbs in the e-mail on the opposite page are often used with through
instead of over? Does using through instead of over ehange the meaning at all?
rder 2 Can you see any meaning for over that eonneets the three verbs in the answerphone
) message?
3 Match each of the phrasal verbs below with the correet general meaning of down from the
og table in A.
thing a) 1 need a holiday. Stress and overwork are wearing me down.
nake b) Let me note down your e-mail address on this slip of papero
e) A lot of fences blew down in the hurrieane last night.
oe d) The poliee are trying to crack down on street erime.
e) The government is doing all it can to hold priees down.
4 Explain what these phrasal verbs with over mean in the sentences below.
, else a) Sally is very good at pntting her ideas over in meetings.
'ng b) 1 haven't got enough room. Can you move over, please?
sible e) Can you check over these figures for me, please? Ir's important that there are no
rnistakes.
d) Don't put your glass of wine on the floor. Sorneone is sure to knock it over.
e) Make sure the rnilk does not boil overo
)wn

18 Around and about
Around and about are often interchangeable in phrasal verbs: both particIes are equally
possible with all the verbs in A below and with some of the verbs in B. Note also that round
can sometimes replace around.
Phrasal verbs with around and about often express the idea of acting in a relaxed way, or
without a particular purpose or without concentrating.
Most of the verbs in this unit are informal.
Spending time
phrasaf verb meaning exampfe
wait about/around stay in one place without doing anything If you can wait around tor about an
as you wait tor something to happen hour, we should be able to tell you
your results.
laze about/around relax and enjoy yourself by doing very For the first week of our holiday we
little usually just laze about on the beach.
>
sit about/around spend time sitting down and doing Please let me help you. 1 don't like ¡ust
(somewhere) very litde sitting about all day.
hang about/aroundl spend time somewhere without doing There are always a lot of rather
round (somewhere) very much suspicious-Iooking men hanging round
(informal) outside that bar.
mess about/around spend time playing or doing things with Tim spends his weekends messing
no particular purpose around in the garage repairing things.
behave stupidly. waste time doing The pupils were given extra homework
unimportant things for messíng around in class.
mess sb aboutl treat someone badly or waste their He's been messing her around for
around (informal) time, e.g. by changing your mind or not ages and ¡ust won't commit to the
doing what you promised relationship.
lie aboutlaround spend time Iying down doing very little I hate the way he just líes around all
day watchingTV while I'm working.
Being in a place
Fans were milling about/around/round the hotel lobby hoping ro see the film star and get her
autograph. [walking around a particular place or area, usually while waiting for something]
Meanwhile photographers and journalists were standing about/around/round chatting to
each other. [spending time standing in a place waiting for someone or doing very litde]
Mick: Can you stick around this afternoon? [informal: sta y somewhere for a period of
time] If so, I'lI take you around/round the office and introduce you ro the other
secretaries if you like. [visit a place with someone showing them the most interesting
or important parts]
Anne: No, it's all right, thanks. The boss has already shown me around/round. [gone with
someone to a place that they ha ve not visited before and shown them the interesting
parts]

Exercises
18.1 Draw lines ro mareh rhe verbs in rhe left-hand eolumn with the best definitions in the
tnd right-band eolumn.
1 mes s ____ lie down doing very little
2 hang ---- spend time sitting down and doing very little
3 lie aboutJ(a)round relax, enjoy yourself and do very little
4 sit behave stupidly or waste time
5 laze spend time somewhere not doing very mueh
18.2 Now use the verbs from exeróse 18.1 to fill the gaps in these sentenees. Write the verbs in
the eorreet form and use eaeh verb once only.
1 She just ............................................ around on the sofa all day reading magazines.
n
1 wish she'd ger a jobo
2 We eould be ................................................... round here for hours waiting for a taxi. Let's wa lk.
3 After the meeting we were just . . .. around ehatring for a while.
4 My idea of a perfeet weekend is just ... . .............................. around at home with a good
h. book.
¡st 5 1 wish the kids would stop ................................................:.. about.
18.3 Rewrite the underlined words in these sentenees, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 Do you want to sta y here after the meeting? 1 finish work at 5 p.m. and 1 eould go with
und you and show you the most interesting plaees in the old town.
2 Nothing mueh happened at the demonstration. We jusr srood in one place not doing mueh
and held our banners up.
,s. 3 They spend most weekend s just doing rhings without mueh purpose in their boat; they
ork don't really sail it seriously.
4 On my first day, the boss went with me through rhe workshop and in trodueed me to
various people I'd be working with .
5 Ar the drinks party people were just wandering here and there hoping to find someone
they knew.
6 Look, I'm sorry, 1 don'r want to cause you problems and waste your time, bur 1 wonder if
,11 we could postpone our meeting ri ll next week?
18.4 Here are sorne other phrasal verbs with about/around. Read tbe sentenees and try to explain
11 in your own words what they mean. Use a dietionary if neeessary.

1 I've got to go now but 1'11 see you around.
t her 2 Don'r order me about! I'm not your servant, you know.
,g] 3 Shop assistant: Can 1 help you?
Customer: No thanks. I'm just looking around.
4 My su itease got a bit bashed about on rhe plane.
5 He told the kids to stop fooling around.
ting
·irh
:mg

19 For and with
Note that with all the verbs in this unit the partides for and with must go before the object
oE the verbo
A For
Each response in the dialogues below contains two phrasal verbs with foro Learning verbs in
pairs associated with the same context can help you remember them.
Nina: rve been given the chance to apply for that new post in Head OHice. What do
you think?
Gary: I think you should go for it [try to get or achieve it]. We'll all be rooting for you
[informal: showing support for you in a competition, or hoping that you will
succeed].
Melanie: How's your new babysitter?
Brad: We couldn't ask for a better babysitter [the new babysitter is the best of her kind].
She just lives for our kids and they just adore her [believes that the kids are the
most important people in her life].
Val: I saw you going into Betty's flat with her this morning. Is anything wrong?
Irene: Her washing machine had flooded the kitchen. She sent for a plumber and got it
fixed but it left a terrible mess [send someone a message asking them to come to
see you]. We had planned to go into town and I was calling fnr her on the way
there, but in the end we stayed at home and tidied the mess in the kitchen [visiting
her place in order to collect her].
Joe: What does 'R' mean on that sign?
Ray: I think it stand s for 'restaurant' lis the first letter of a word or name and is used
to represent it]. Let's stop. You must be dying for something to eat [informal: be
wanting something very much, especially food or drink].
- -B With
phrasal verb mean;ng example

could do with sth/sb need or want something or someone 1 could do with a cup of tea.
(informal)
deal with 5th if something [e.g. book, film, article] His latest book deals with che civil
deals with a particular subject or idea, war of 1984-1989.
it is abaut that subject or idea
stick with it continue doing something even I know studying for a PhD is hard, but
though it is diffjcult (informal) I think you should stick with it.
go with sth if one thing goes with another, they That shirt goes really well with your
suit each other or they look or taste blue jacket.
good together
put up with sb/sth accept unpleasant behaviour or an I don't know how she puts up with
unpleasant situation. even though you his bad tempero
do not like it
catch up with sb meet someone you know, after not I hope to catch up with Freda when
seeing them for a period of time I'm in Berlin.1 haven't seen her for years.

Exercises
ct 19.1 Look at the phtasal verbs in A. Then match the questions 1-6 with the appropriate answers
a-f below.
1 Do you think [ should buy these shoes - they're a bit expensive?
2 Oh dear, look at that accidento
In 3 What did you think of the restaurant?
4 Do you know what CV means?
5 Would you like to go to a café?
6 Who are you supporting in the league?
)u a) Couldn't have asked for anything better!
b) Yes, go for it!
e) Quick! Send for an ambulance!
d ) Yes, I'm dying for an ice cream.
e) We're rooting for the Reds, as usual.
nd].
f) Sure!!t stands for curriculum vitae.
I 9.2 Complete these sentences with an appropriate verbo :
Write
. the verb in the correct formo
1 He . ........................................ for a doctor as soon as h~ felt ~he pains in his chest.
it 2 Martha. ................ for her work so she's going to find it very hard when she has
to to retire.
I
3 These boots don't reaUy .. ... with this skirt, but they're comfortable.
iting 4 You ................................................... for a nicer teacher. She's so patiene and kind.
5 1'11 have to have a word with Cina. [ can't .. ................. up with her rudeness any
longer!
6 Your hair is too long - you . ... with a haircut.
,d 7 You should . .............................. with the course. [t would be a shame to give up now.
be 8 [lave going back to rny home town and . . ....................... up with all my old friends.
1 Anne: This fish tastes delicious with your tornato sauce.
Jenny: Yes, they do ................ well .... . .......... each other, don't they!
2 Bob: Shall we go to the concert together?
Tina: Good idea. I'U ................................. ............. you on the way there.
3 Tessa: 1'11 go and put rhe kettle on.
Tony: Great, ['m. .......... a cup of tea.
4 Joan: [ thought the film was great.
[van: Yes, 1 thoughr ir . ......... rhe theme of lo ve reaUy sensirively.
5 Mark: Let's meet for a coffee and a chat next week.
Karen: Yes, [ can't wair to .. .................... yOu.
19.4 Rewrire these sentences, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 [couldn't tolerare such noisy neighbours as yours.
2 !t's been such a busy week. [ can'r wait for the weekend.
3 Jean's shoes match her handbag perfectly.
4 AU the studenes at his university were hoping Kyle would win rhe golf championship.
5 [have rhe besr ¡ob you could imagine.
6 Her grandson is the most important persa n in SteUa's life.
3.rs.
Eng/ish Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 43

20 Through and back
Through
Through in phrasal verbs gives an idea of going from one side of something to the other, or
from the beginning to the end of something. Note that with most of these phrasal verbs
through must go before the object of the verbo
If you sleep through a loud noise or activity, it does not wake yO u.
I'm sorry ['m late. I'm afraid [ slept through my alarmo
If you live through something, you experience a difficult situation or evento
People who have lived through a war often have rather a different outlook on life.
If you flicklflip through a magazine or book, you look briefly at its pages.
[ usually flicklflip through a magazine before buying it.
If you look through something, you read it quickly and not very carefully.
If you go through something, you carefully read or discuss it to make sure that it is correcto
I'll look through the report tonight and then we can go through it properly tomorrow.
If you take someone through something, you explaill it or show them how to do it.
Don't worry - Jack will take you through the job before we leave you on your own.
If you see through a person who is trying to trick you, you realise what they are really like or
what they are trying to do.
He is so charming that few people see through him and realise that he is just a conman.
Back
Back in phrasal verbs usually conveys the idea of returning.
If you want to return something you ha ve bought by post, perhaps beca use it is the wrong
size or is damaged, you send it back. If you go to the shop to exchange it in person you take
it back. Shops usually have to agree to take back things they ha ve so Id you if you find they
are not in good condition when you get home. If you caIVphone/ring someone back or e-mail
someone back, you are replying to a phone message or e-mail from them.
Note that with the verbs above, back can go before or after the object of the verbo
If someone, especially a child, answers (someone) back, they reply rudely to someone they
should be polite too
Mother: Say thank you to Mrs Brown.
Child: Say thank you yourself.
Mother: Don't answer me back like that.
An interesting use of back is in the expression: We go back ten years.
This is an informal way of saying: We have known each other for ten years.
If you bite back, you do something bad to someone beca use they did something bad to yOU.
However, if you bite something back or bite back something, you stop yourself from saying
something that shows your true feelings or thoughts.
When Emma is criticised she doesn't hesitate to bite back.
When Karl asked me what [ thought of his lime-green suit, [ had to bite back my initial
response.

Exercises
20.1 Write what you could say in these situations using phrasal verbs with through.
or 1 Your boss asks you to expla in to a new member of staff how things are done in the office,
srep by srep. Whar could you say to the new person?
2 A friend warns you that another person, Leo, is trying to trick you. Reassure the friend
thar you realised what Leo was really like the first moment you met him.
3 You arrive late for an imponant meeting. YOll set yOllr alarm dock but didn't wake up
when it rango Apologise and exp lain what happened.
4 You have done sorne calculations at work, and rhere seems to be a mistake. Ask a
colleague to read the figures carefully to see if they can see any mistakes.
5 A colleague offers to read in detail a 12-page repon you ha ve written. Tell them that thar
will not be necessary and that you'd be grateful if rhey just looked at it very briefly. (Give
three possible answers.)
6 A friend asks you why a person you know always seems so sad. Explain that that person
'ct. has experienced sorne terrible things over the last few years.
20.2 Complete these sen ten ces using verbs from B.
1 This new jacket just doesn't look right on me;: the'colour is all wrong. If 1 . .......... it
back to the shop, do you think they'd ... ................. it back? I bought it over a week ago.
2 I had to . . ... back sorne angry words when they told me I had lost my jobo
<e or
3 1 bought this dock on the Internet, but it's not as nice as it looked on the computer screen.
,. I think 1'11 .................................. it back.
4 [don't think she'lI just accept his insults. She's the sort of person who will ....
back if she's attacked.
5 We're old friends. We ................................ back to the 1980s when we were at college together.
6 Children nowadays seem to lack respect for their parents and won't hesitate to
19 ............................. back.
:ake
20.3 Complete the sentences using an appropriate phrasal verb from the opposite page.
ey
·mail 1 Joe rang while you were out. Please could you . .. .......................... .
2 [don't Iike these trousers [ bought today. [ think I .
3 Harry missed his train rhis morning beca use he ....
4 Ellen isn't really reading the magazine; she's just ..
y 5 [wanted to tell her how upset I was but I managed to ....
ou .
.ng
Mr Trotsky was one of those people everyone could see through immediately.

-
2I Into and away

1
A Into
Read the en tries in Diana's personal diary. Eac h entry has a phIasal verb with into.
~-~
APRIL
7 Mon Ran ¡nto Mary W in town today. Nice to see met someone 1 know when 1 did not expect
her -again. ro meet them
8 Tue Car problems again todayl Must look ¡nto investiga te and exa mine the facrs abour a
getting a new one. problem oc situation
9Wed Poor old Eileen! The boss 'tOld her he didn't suddenly started to make a noise, especially
like some work she:'d done and she: l1urst to start crying, laughing or singing
¡nto tears.
10Thu The:b055 wants to have: lunch with me:. believe th ar an acria n, remark, oc situation
Anne says I shouldn't read anything
into ¡t, but j'm 5uspicious of his motives. . has a particular importance or meaning,
often when this is nor tcue
>
11 Fri Met Liam today. He: went ¡neo his marriage:
proble:ms in gre:at detall. Fe:lt 50rry for him. described and discussed so mething in a
detailed way
12 Sal Decided to throw my5elf into doing some
gardening now that spring is here! start doing something with a lot of
enthusiasm and energy
f 13 Sun Saw Lit:lm again. Told him I was busy as I
didn't want to enter ¡nto another discussion start to become involved in something,
about his private life. especially a discussion. (Note th at you
enter a room, nor eRter iRES a room.)
B Away
tidy away 5th or put things in cupboards and drawers, Mum tald me to tidy away all my
tidy 5th away etc. after you have been using them things before my aunt carne to visito
pack away 5th or put something into a bag or container, or The scouts packed away their tents
pack 5th away put something in the place where it is and left the camping ground.
usually kept
tear sb away force someone to stop doing something I'm sorry to tear you away from
(u5ually + from) they enjoy in order to do something el se your computer, but I need your help.
stay away from sth avoid something that has abad effect on I think I should stay away from
you desserts. I'm putting on weight.
send away for sth write to an organisation to ask them to l've sent away for a brochure about
send you something holidays in New Zealand.
loek yourself away go to a room or building where you can I decided to loe k myself away in
be alone, usually so that you can work my room till l'd finished my essay.
run away secretly leave a place because you are Did you ever run away from home as
(olten + from) unhappy there a child?
46 English Phrasal Verbs in Use !

Exercises
21 . 1 Match the beginning of each sentence with its ending.

1 At the supermarket yesterday Julia ran into his words.
2 Kim is getting over his broken heart by
throwing himself into Martin.
3 When she saw me dressed up as a pirate
expect she burst into the causes of the war.
4 He doesn't think before he speaks so don't
read too mueh into the argumento
out a
5 In your essay you should have gone more fuUy into what happened.
6 We were disagreeing about the film and then
Jo entered into laughter.
peeialIy 7 The poliee are doing aU they can to look ioto his studies.
21.2 Complete these sentenees using a phrasal verb with away. Write the verb in the correct form
uation and add, if neeessary, a reflexive pronoun (e.g. myself, yourself).
mg, 1 I once terrified my parents by .................................................................... from home.
2 Please .................................................................... your games and 'hooks. !t's time for dinner.
3 You reaUy should ................................................................... Stanley. He's abad influenee on you.
1 a
4 She was so upset that she .................................................................... in her room until the oext morning.
5 Adam has ................................................................... an applieation form for that ¡ob he saw.
6 Please eould you ................................................................... from the TV, I need sorne help in the garden.
21.3 Complete these sentenees in any way that makes sense using one of the phrasal verbs from
the opposite page.
Ig,
>U
1 I was very surprised wheo Helen burst .
2 !t makes sense to stay .
3 My best friend always throws .
4 Sometimes I'd reaUy like to run .
5 I find this ¡ob so stressful. I reaIly should look .
6 When I went to the town centre last week I ran .
7 Before moving house I spent weeks paeking .
8 Whenever visitors are eoming, I usuaUy tidy ..
it.
mts
21.4 Here are sorne more phrasal verbs with into and away. Read the sentenees 1-5 and match
11 the phrasal verbs with the definitions a-e below. Use a dictionary if neeessary.
1 As soon as Joe saw me he launehed into a long aeeount of his travels.
2 Beeause it is so expensive in this eountry at the moment, tourists are keeping away.
3 Trying to eross the room in the dark, he banged into a smaU table and knoeked it overo
"p.
4 Ir isn't a person in that field, it's a seareerow - the farmer wants to seare the birds away.
5 I bumped into your sister in town this morning.
a) knock against something, usuaIly by aeeident
out
b) meet someone you know when you have not planned to meet them
e) start doing or saying something (e.g. a speeeh or a story) in a very enthusiastie way
d) make a person or animal so frighteoed that they go away
e) not go to a place
1e as 21.5 Can you see any basic meanings for into and away in the phrasal verbs in this unit that
might help you leam them?

-
22 Time: spending time
At work
r '-/
Florence works as a nurse. When she starts work she has to dock on I and
{ when she leaves she docks off'.lf the machine shows that she has worked
an extra long shift, then she is able to take time off 3 at a later date. She was
planning to take a holiday in July this year but has had to bring it forward'
{ as July is going to be a particularly busy time for her hospital this year.
Florence loves her work but her hospital is understaffed and she hates
I
to always be pressed for s time. She finds it almost impossible to
fit in" time to talk to the patients although she feels that is an important
part of her jobo She can chat for a few minutes but then she has to press on'
w ith her other duties. The hospital employs many nurses from overseas; but when their work
permits run out 8 after two years they have to lea ve.
,
I record (he time she arrives at work, usually at a machine wirh a clock (also dock in )
2 record the time she lea ves work (also dock out)
1 spend time away fram work
• change the date or time of something so that it happens earlier than expected
5 nor have enough of something, usually time oc money
6 find time to do someth in g or see someone
7 continue doing somerhing in a determined way
8 come ro an end (of (he period of time of a document OI agreement); more fo rmal equivalent is
exPire
At leisure
When Florence does have spare time, she likes to relax. She usually
hangs out I with friends she was at school with. They have knocked
around together' for years and love whiling away3 their days off,
going round the shops or just chatting at one of their homes.
Sometimes they go away for a weekend and muck about' at Florence's
aunt's cottage in the countryside. Last time they did that, a colleague of
Florence's latched on toS them. The others didn't really like her at fírst,
especially as they always had to hang on" while she got ready, but now
they alllike her very mucho
Ispends a lot of time (informa l)

2 spent a lot of time with one another becallse they are good friends (i nformal )
3 spending time in a relaxed way either beca use they are waiting foc something oc have norhing
specia 1 to do
• waste time doing silly things (informal)
S spent time with them, especia lly when they did not want her with them
6 wait, usually for a short time (i nformal)

Exercises
22.1 Complete these sentences with a verb from A.

1 I'm afraid I'm a bit ................................................... for cash toda y. Could you lend me sorne?
nd 2 Oh dear! My passport has .............................. out. 1 must renew it befo re our trip.
:ed 3 1 usually ................................................. on at 9 a.m. every day, but if my train is late it might be
' as 9.15.1 ................................................. off at 5 p.m., but sometimes 1 can finish a bit earlier on
Fridays.
rd 4
4 Mr Chan wants to ................................................... the meeting forward to this week as he's busy
~ar.
all next week. I'm not sure if we can ................................................... ir in this week as we're ever so
tes busy too.
to 5 If we ................................................. on after lunch we can probably finish the report by 5 p.m.
,nt 6 I'm going to ................................................. sorne time off next month and go and sta y with my
m7 parents.
ork 22.2 Write an appropriate question to fit each answer.
1 ..... ......... .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Oh, 1 usually just hang out with friends, or sometimes 1 do sorne sport.
2 . , ................................................................................................... ?
Well, he never studied; he just spent all his time mucking about, so it's no surprise.
3 . . . . . . .... o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... ..... . .. . . .. ..... . .... ... . .... . ..... . .... .... ... ... .... .. ... .... ... .. .... . ..... . ?
Oh, about ten years. We used to knock around together as teenagers.
4 ... . ................................................................................................................................. .......................................... ?
No, she's not a friendo She just latched on to our group and followed US.
5 ................... ?
t is
Oh, it's great for whiling away the time if you're waiting for aplane or a train.
6 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
Let's just hang on for five minutes. 1 want to speak to someone.
22.3 Correct the mistakes with the phrasal verbs in these sentences.
1 We had to wait an hour for the next train, so we went for a walk to while off the time.
1 A young French woman latched to me at the party last night. 1 think she wanted to
practise her English.
3 1 dock on work at 7.30 a.m. every morning.
4 We have to finish this job by six o'dock. We'd better press up with it.
5 1 just don't know how we're going to fit three meetings on before the summer break.
(!ff"O/9.'~""..r
1/1
ing
¡ji Sometimes 1 get tired of just
hanging out with other bats.
1
Write a description af how you spend your work and leisure time, using as many af the phrasal
verbs in this unit as you can.

23 Time: passing of time
The past
Journey into the past at the

Charnbury Folk Museum
If you 're young, come on a journey imo the past before you
were born. If you're a senior, let lIS take you back l to your I make you remember a
childhood. Think back 2 to what everyday life was like 50, periad or ao event in
60, 100 years ago, before TV, before computers, before fridges the past
and washing mac hines. Many of OUt exhibits date back 3 to 2 think about things that
the early 19 th century. happened in the past
Is that oId vacuum cleaner in yOllr attíe just a leftover4 3 ha ve existed since a
from a bygone S era or is it a piece of industrial history? particular time
Come and tlnd out. 4 (noun) something which
Open: Monday- Friday, 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. exists from ao earlier
time
Adlllission: Adults - ,(;2.00
s (adjective) from a time
Concessions - ,(;1.20
which does not exist
Address: Palmer Square, Charnbury any more
Tel: 0211 4684536
Leftover (noun) and bygone (adjective) are formed from the verbs be left over and go by,
We used some balloons that were left over from the Christmas party to decora te the house
for her birthday, [still existed/were unused from an earlier time]
As time goes by you realise that your parents' advice was in your best interest, [passes]
Note that bygone also exists as a no un, but it is usually always in the plural bygones,
Time moving
['m sorry 10 hold you up but you must sign these forms before you go in, [del ay you]
If there are no hold-ups, we should arrive by about seven o'dock, [noun: delays]
Jim, can you hurry the kids up, The coach is about to leave. [make them act more quickly]
Mum walks so fast, !t's quite hard 10 keep np with her, [go at the same speed as someone]
The meeting dragged on and everyone got irritable, [continued for too long]
['m sorry ['m late, My French lesson ran on, so 1 didn't leave school ti1l4.30 p,m, [continued
for longer than expected]
Three weeks passed by befare 1 got a reply to my lerter of complaint, [went past]
!t's difficult to plan for the future, Nobody knows what lies ahead, [will happen in the future]
11 If a phrasal verb has a noun or adjective form associated with it, learn them together and record them
11 together in your vocabulary notebook, e.g./eftover and be left overo

Exercises
23.1 Write the best phrasal verb expression from the options below to complete this texto
111e, fiLm 05 o.. time, tro..yel. o.O.,ye,nwre, o..nd. I fot.<nd. i.t ye,r~ e,nterto.i.nmg tI1ot.<gh 1Yl~ colYlpo..nwn
fel,t tI1o..t i.t . (1) o.. bi.t. At tI1e- be<¡mnmg i.t ................................................ (z.)
to tI1e- Iron Age- whe,re. the. he,ro iJ.; Uxmg o..n ord.Lno..r~ Iron-Age, LUe.. He, e.o..ts o.. lYl~ste,rWIAS
pl.o..nt, howe,ye,r, o..nd. tI1e- ~e.o..rs slAd.d.e.nly sto..rt . (3) Uke. mmlAte.s.
51Ad.d.e,nly he, os in tI1e- f1Awre, o..nd., o..s he- iJ.; now o.. . . (4) from o..
er a (S) e,ro.., he. fi,nd.s i.t ve,r~ ho..rd. to t.<nd.e,rsto..nd. who..t os going on.
10
1110s re,slAlts m o.. nlAmbe,r of o..mlAsing incid.e,nts. AltI10lAgh the, plot iJ.; oCW5wnoJ.4J o.. Iilli.e.
chat d.iffi,a<Lt to foLLow I WOIALd. urto.i.nly re-comme,nd. i.t.
.st
a 1 a) passed by b) dragged on c) held up d) dated back
2 a) thinks baek b) hurries you up e) takes you baek d) holds you up
which 3 a) going by b) Iyiog ahead e) hurrying up d) keeping up
lier ,
4 a) bygooe b) hold-up e) bygones d) leflOver
5 a) bygone b) hold-up e) bygones d) leftover
time
ist 23.2 Explain the difference in meaning between these pairs of sentences.
1 a) The leeture ran oo.
b) The leeture dragged oo.
2 a) John held us up.
b) Joho hurried us up.
3 a) This song takes me back 10 my childhood.
lse b) This song dates baek 10 my childhood.
4 a) It was not easy to keep up with the ehildren as we went through town.
b) lt was not easy 10 hurry up the ehildren as we went through IOwn.
23.3 Here are sorne things people might say relating to time. What does the speaker mean in eaeh
11 sentenee? Use a dietionary if neeessary.

1 The older you get, the faster time goes by.
2 Musie and smells have great powers 10 take you baek.
3 Mr Jones is a leflOver from a bygone age.
4 We should let bygones be bygones!
Iy] 5 You never know what lies ahead.
le] 23.4 Rewrite these sen ten ces using the words in braekets. Write the words in the eorreet formo
1 The old oillamps in my grandfather's house looked like things that had survived from a
lnued different era. (LEFTOVER, BYGONE)
2 The smell of ehalk always reminds me of my sehooldays. (TAKE BACK)
3 The traffie was delayed on the motorway beca use of an accidento (HOLD-UP)
4 Sometimes, if the textbook is boring, the lesson seems to last longer than it should.
(DRAG ON)
lture]
5 We can never know what the future will bring. (LlE AHEAD)
6 These pizzas were from the party. Nobody ate them. Would you like one? (LEFTOVER)
English Phrasal Verbs in Use 5I

24 Location
Describing where places are
example meaning
We stayed in a lovely hotel which was tucked was in a quiet or hidden place that not many people
away in a little valley. see or go to (from be tucked away)
Our room opened anto a balcony with loveJy opened in che direction of che countryside or had a
vieW5 of the countryside. view of it (from apen anto 5th)
Fields and woods stretched away to che horizon. continued over a long distance (from stretch away)
We could see a few farmhouses which were were in different parts of a large area and not clase
spread out ayer the landscape. together (from be spread out)
We felt we were completely cut off from the busy very far away from other places and people (from
modern world! be cut off)
People in locations
Read this conversation between two students.
Deb: Come in, John.
John: What a great room!
Deb: Well, 1 like it. Ir was a bit dull when 1 moved in,
but 1 bought these nice curtains which help ro
brighten it Up'. In fact, 1 like it so much here that
l'd rather stay in 2 than go out most evenings.
John: You're lucky! The room 1 rent is so miserable
that 1 stay out3 as long as 1 can! leven stayed on'
in the library ronight until it closed! Anyhow,
¡'ve come ro bring you your file - you left it
behind s at the se minar this morning.
Deb: Oh, thanks. How silly of me. I'm glad you
noticed it.
John: Well, I stayed behind' tú ask the Prof some
questions and then saw it lying there.
Deb: Thank you very mucho Would you like a coffee
now you're here?
John: Well, I can't sta y now. But I'd love to call bacF
another time if that's OK?
Deb: Sure, that'd be nice.
I make more attractive, often by adding calours S left a place without taking something with
2 remain at home, especially in rhe evenings you
3 come home late or nor come home at night , did not lea ve a place when others left it
• stayed in a place longer than planned 7 go back ro a place ro visir someone
I
Notice how three of che phrasal verbs in A are used in che passive: be tucked away. be spread out, be cut
. off. Make a special note in your vocabulary notebook if any phrasal verb construction is used in a
particular way, e.g. in che passive. as a noun or as an adjective, and write down a typical example
sentence to help you remember it.
52 Engfish Phrasal Verbs in Use

Exercises
24. I Complete these sen ten ces 10 describe these pictures using phrasal verbs based on the verbs in
brackets.
The fields (stretch) ... There are small houses The room (open) ...
(spread) ...
2
The house (tuck) ... The house on the island (cut) ...
r 24.2 Which phrasal verb from B opposite means ...

1 the opposite of go out, as in meet friends or go 10 a restaurant?
2 not come home at night or come home late?
3 forget 10 take something with you when you go away from a place?
4 stay in a place when other people have left?
5 make something which is dull or boring more attractive or colourful?
6 sta y somewhere longer than you planned?
7 go back 10 a place 10 see someone, often to visit someone briefly or to collect something?
24.3 Use the phrasal verbs from exercise 24.2 to complete these sentences. Write the verbs in the
correct formo
1 1 ................................................... my floppy disk ................................................... at the computer elass. 1'11 have
to go back and see if it's still in the machi ne.
2 When you were a teenager, did your parents allow you 10 ................................................. late?
3 Shop assistant: 1'm afraid your pholOgraphs aren't ready yet. Ir will be another couple
of hours.
Customer: Okay. 1'11 ............................................. IOmorrow.
4 We've decided to paint the kitchen 10 .................................................. it ................................................. a bit.
It's so gloomy and dull at the momento
.vith 5 I'm really tired. 1 think 1'11 ...................................... tonight and not go to the party after all,
sorry.
it 6 The teacher asked the naughty boy 10 . . .................................. after the lesson.
7 We loved the resor! so much we decided another week, even though
to ...............................................
~ cut
1,our friends had gone home.
•
Go to the Cambridge University Press dictionaries website at dictionary.cambridge.org and select the
Cambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.ln the search box. type behind and then search. From the
list of phrasal verbs with behind, click on three that you are no! familiar with and study the explanations.

..
25 Cause and effect

Verbs with off
A number of phrasal verbs associared wirh cause and effecr have rhe partide off.
set off something or spark off trigger off set someone

set something off something something off
The rerrorisrs ser rhe bomb off in rhe middle of rhe rush hour. [caused an explosion]
We accidentally se! off rhe burglar alarm when we carne into rhe house. [made the alarm ring]
The scandal set off a series of events which caused the collapse of the government and a
general election. [caused a series of events or a lot of activity, often withour intending to do sol
You shouldn't ha ve mentioned flying saucers. You've set him off now. He'll talk for hours.
[made him start to talk about something he often r'alks about]
The ending of the play really set her off. 1 didn't know whether she was laughing or crying.
[made her start to laugh or cry]
The crisis sparked off a bitter civil war. [caused something to suddenly happen or exist]
The Prime Minister's speech triggered off violent protests in cities up and down the country.
[made something suddenly begin, often a difficult or violent situation]
B Other cause and effect verbs

Read these spoken extracts.
The new airport has brought about' , made something happen
a lot of changes on this island.
1 don't know what lies behind' 2 is the real reason far

Mr Wild's attack on me. Maybe he's trying 3 do something unpleasant ro me be(:ausel
to pay me back 3 for something 1 said about have done something unpleasant to
him. Or maybe he's just stirring things up4. " causing arguments oc bad feeling
between people, usually on purpose
This photograph brings backs s makes me remember oc think abour

me mori es of when we lived in Scotland, something from the past
when 1 was a child.
The doctors still haven't ruled out" the " decided that something is impossible
possibility rhat he might ha ve cancer.
1 think most problems teenagers

experience spring from 7 a feeling 7 are caused by
of insecurity.

Exercises
25.1 Choose the hest phrasal verh from the hox to complete eaeh sentenee. Write the verh in the
correet formo
bring back lie behind stir up set off spark off spring from
one
1 That song always ................................................. wonderful memories whenever 1 hear it.
2 1 think my problems at work ................................................... the faet that 1 never rea11y wanted to go
¡nto accountancy as a career.
3 1 wonder what rea11y ................................................... Maria's dislike of Pau!.
4 1 don't like the way Maxine is always trying to ................................................... trouble between US.
5 The film ................................................... a lively diseussion in the class.
n ringl 6 The tragie pietures of the earthquake victims . . ........................ her ..
and she just couldn't stop crying.
1
do sol 25.2 Fill the gaps in the paragraph helow, using the correet verh or partide.
US. There has been • lot of diseussion in the newspapers about wh.t triggered .................................. (1) the
reeent explosion in the eity centre. Sorne people believe that a bomb was .................................. (2) off by
'mg. a terrorist group who hope to .................................. (3) about the downfall of the government. Others
believe lhat the explosion was probably sparked ... . .... (4) by .n eleetrieal fault and have
............................. (5) out any criminal activity. BUl the question still remains: was it a deliberate
explosion set .................................. (6) by a group who wanted to .................................. (7) things up in order to
ntry. .................................. (8) the governrnent b.ek for sorne injustiee?
25.3 Whieh word from the hox provides the hest ending for these sentenees?
suspects fireworks memories feelings reforms violence
1 At midnight on New Year's Eve we usua11y set off sorne ........................................... .

2 The police used fingerprint tests ro rule out sorne ................................................... .
3 The political demonstration triggered off ................................................... .
4 That music brings back .
beca use 5 The government plans ro bring about .................................................. .
t to him 6 Violet's comments stirred up a lot of bad ................................................... .
g 25.4 Complete these sentenees using a phrasal verh from the opposite page. Write the verh in the
Jose eorreet formo
bout 1 Take no notice of what he says. He's always trying to ................................................. trouble.
2 She vowed that one day she'd . .. ................ for a11 the heartbreak he had caused her.
3 1 wonder what ................................................... the protests last week.
4 The decision to increase taxes . .. ................ demonstrations a11 across the country.
5 Detectives sti11 haven't .. . the possibility of murder.
;sible 6 His therapist thought that his unhappiness ................................................... a traumatic experience in
his childhood.
Eng/ish Phraso/ Verbs in Use 55

26 Change
Up meaning more or better
When up is used in a phrasal verb with an idea of change, it often adds an idea of becoming
more or better.
The number of students getting good marks in their exams is going up. [increasing]
1 was afraid no-one would come to my lecture, but the room is filling up nicely now.
[becoming fuller]
Things were bad last week but the situation is looking up now. [improving]
Business was down at the beginning of the year, but is picking up now. [improving after a
bad period]
Would you like me to heat up the rice or will you have it cold? [make warmer]
Simon's been ignoring the situation for ages - it's time he woke up to what's happening.
[became more aware of a situation or problem]
L-_ --=B Other phrasal verbs relating to change '

I noun: a change from using OI having one
When I look back over tbe last year 1 to using or having another (from change over)
see an awfullot of changes in my life. For 2 gradually stopped using
instance at work, there has been an almost J gradually starred using
total changeoyer' of staff in the office. Then 4 develop or happen
during the year we have phased out2 all tbe 5 became less important and were then
old computers and phased in' a completely forgotten
new system of office administration. I wasn't
sure how things would pan out4 at first and o o o
o
there were a few problems to begin with.
However, tbe arguments about lhe new o
system blew oyerS quite quickly.
o
o
At the beginning of the year, my
girlfriend left me and it took me a while
lo get oyer' tbal. But everything's fine
with my personallife too now. Best of all,
of course, is the fact that I've managed to I begin to feel better after an experience thar
giye Up2 smoking tbis year. 1 didn't feel has made you unhappy
too good for the first few weeks but tba!'s 2 stop a ha bit or stop doing or having
aH worn off' now. I stuck with4 my something unhealthy
new regime and now 1 feel fitter J gradually disappeared
than I have for ages. 4 did as 1 had planned and did not change ro
something else (informal)
Sometimes it may help to learn phrasal verbs in pairs of opposites, e.g. phase in or phase out a new
system; heat up or cool down foad; take up or give up an activity; prices ga up or ga down.

Exercises
26.1 Look at these pictures aod theo complete the seoteoces about them below, usiog phrasal
verbs from A.
mmg
1 3
Sales by month Mobile phone use
'a 2
1 Sales have ................................................... during the last few months.

2 1 was in the kitcheo ................................................... sorne soup wheo 1 heard the phone.
3 Mobile phone use is .... .. all the time.
ne thing 4 The bus isn't full yet, but it's .. ............................ .
~e over)
26.2 Complete these sentences using the two verbs from A opposite which you did not use io
exercise 26.1.
1 !t's time you ................................................ to reality and went out and found a job!
2 The economic situation is definitely ................................................... : exports have increased and
unemployment is down.
26.3 Complete the word puzzle. 6 7 8
Across 5
1 change from one thing 10 another (noun)
2 We can't change it; we're . I
H N O R
with it.
3 I'm angry, but I'Il ................................. over it.
4 The scandal will .................................. over after a 2
few months.
3
Down
5 The firm will ................................. III a new 4
pension scheme.
6 I'm not sure how the situation will
that .................................. out.
7 1 think I'Il . ............... up soccer and start playing golf instead.
8 1 had an injection at the dentist's and it hasn't .. ............ off yet, so 1 can't eat properly.
26.4 Correct the mistakes with the phrasal verb expressions in these sentences.
se to 1 The overchange to the new accounting system has caused endless problems.
2 There was a lot of trouble in the office last month, but it's all blown up now and things
are back to normal.
v 3 Shall 1 hot up that pizza for you? 1 expect it's gone cold by now.
4 AIl these old telephones will be faced out over the next year and we'll get new, digital ones.
Eng/ish Plrrasal Verbs in Use 57

27 Success and failure
Read these extracrs to understand the underlined phrasal verb expressions in the headlines.
NORTHCORP BRINGS OFF $IOM DEAL UMBRELLAS FAIL TO CATCH ON

WITH TEENAGERS
Northcorp Telecommunications announced last
night that the company had secured a $IOm An attempt by a Japanese company to market
dallar deal in the face of severe competition and a new range of jazzy umbrellas to teenagers
despite many difficulties. has failed. Sales show that they have not
become as popular as the company hoped.
--., STARFINDER CD TAKES OFF
The first CD by the group which won the 1V
Druma pulls off record attempt
show 'Startinder', where bands competed ZAFI DRUMA yesterday succeeded in
, for a record contract, has become instantly winning the 100m, 400m and 300m all
popular one day afler it was released, and I on the same day at the International
is now number one. \ Athletics Championships in Mexico City,
despite fieree international competition.
TINA TAKES OVER AS ---=- -
NUMBER ONE POP IDOL .\ DOWNFALL OF REBEL GROUP
18-year-old singer Tina Hoogan has been MARKS END OF CIVIL WAR
voted number one female pertormer in a The failure of the rebel army to hold on to
national pop poli, replacing last year's the western par! of Kahuba and the rapid
winner, Francie Moon as the country's collapse of popular support for the rebels
most popular female artist. means the country's civil war is at an end.
MINI-BALLOON ATTEMPT PLAN TO BUIW NEW STADIUM
COMES OFF DESPITE WEATHER FALLS THROUGH
An attempt to fly a mini hot-air balloon The President of the Football Association announced
under Tower Bridge in London has
succeeded, despite 10g and rain which last night that the plan to build a new ±:200m national
threatened to prevent the event. stadium has failed and Ihe stadium will not be built.
~ ~ ____----__J ~- .....
BRead rhis speech by a headteacher ro pupils who are leaving school.

I use a success or achievement as a base from
When you leave this school, we hope you
which ro achieve more success
will build on l what you ha ve learnt here. You
2 get very easi ly
must not expect to ¡ust walk irrt02 a highly-paid
3 succeed in doing something even though you
job, but most of you will, with hard work and
have d ifficulties beca use you do not really
self-discipline, succeed and achieve great things.
know how ro do it
Never be content to ¡ust muddle through J as so
4 reach the same quality or standard as someone
many people do, always trying to catch Upo4 and
5 be successful
fail ing ro do so. Hard work, ded ication and
6 make progress at the same speed as something
commitment will, in the end, pay offS. To keep
or someone else so that you sta y at the same
Up6 with the competition we all have to give
level as them
100%, so that Qur country can stay ahead 7 in
7 continue ro be more advanced and successful
business and industry. Ir will be your ¡ob ro
than orher people
make this happen. Good luck.
I
Where phrasal verbs fall naturally into two groups with opposite meanings, e.g. success versus failure.
increase versus decrease. make two columns in your vocabulary notebook and fill them in as yau meet
new verbs that fit either calumn. Try doing this with the verbs on this page.

Exercises
nes. 27. 1 Find phrasal verb expressions from A on the opposite page that match these definitions.
1 fail to happen 4 suddenly become successful or popular
2 replace someone in a position of success 5 succeed in achieving something difficult
3 the sud den failure of a person or organisation 6 happen successfully or as pl anned
narket
lagers 27.2 Decide whether these phrasal verbs are mainly associated with success or with failure, by
'e not writing S or F in the box.
,d. 1 bring off D 4 pay off D 7 take off D
2 come off D 5 catch up D 8 fall through D
t 3 muddle through D 6 stay ahead D 9 walk into D
n 27.3 Fill the gaps in this school report with phrasal verbs from B opposite.
11
ti SUBjECT COMMENT
" History Tina's work in history is not very good but she does manage to
.................................................................... somehow.
)UP
M.ths Tina has managed to successfully .. ............................................... the work she did
~R
last year in order to make excellent progress this termo
on to
rapid English Tina missed a lot of schoolwork through illness at the beginning of term, but she
rebels has managed to .. .. ................................ and is doing fine now.
end.
Geography Tina ha s always been top of the class in geography and she has managed to
r .................................................................... this year too.
mced Physics Tina has never found physics easy but her hard work is beginning to
:ional ......................... ...............
uill.
27.4 Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets, Write the verb in the correct formo
1 M iranda immediate!y got a job in London. (WALK)
rom 2 Jim's hard work eventually brought him success. (PAY)
l you 3 The company is hoping ro make an important deal this week. (PULL)
Iy
4 Rache! never expected her singing career to meet with such instant success. (TAKE)
Imeone
lerhing 5 T he project may well not happen beca use of a lack of funds. (FALL)
;ame
6 Teri finds it hard ro make as much progress as the other kias in her class. (KEEP)
,ssful
7 The new design of mobile phone has become successful almost overnight. (CATCH)
re,
8 Top software companies are finding it increasingly difficult to remain in front of their
leet competitors. (STAY)

28 Starting and finishing
Starting
Ifyou ... then you ... example

set about start doing something that uses a The kitchen looked as if it hadn't been cleaned
something/doing lot of time or energy or tidied for months but Jessica set about
something making it look as good as new.
set out start a journey We set out at 7 a.m. and didn't return until
after dark.
start off or begin life, existen ce or a profession Yvonne started out as a model but soon
start out in a particular way realised that it was not the career tor her.
Note that the no un the outset, from the verb set ont, means the beginning, e.g.
There were problems from the outset and things beca me progressively worse.
Finishing
wa~ l·
n
oe called off' the building work his team
doing on the new company offices beca use
he had heard that the company was going
, bankrupt. He knew the money was going to
dry up', so he was not prepared 10 continue.
Most of the team immediately broke off3
what they were doing but some of them first
finished off4 the task they were working on.
Joe himself quickly polished offs the last of his
paperwork and then packed up' too.
, decided to stop an activity that had already started

2 end or stop coming
, stopped or interrupted
4 completed the last part of what they were doing
s finished something quickly and easily
, collected his things together, usually after finishing
doing something
~ - -~ ~-~ ~
, stop doing or having something
\ Suzanna is trying to give up' smoking.
At first she cut down' 10 five rather than
i fifteen a day, but she is finding it very
2 reduced the amount or number
, gradually relax after something that has made
you feel tired or worried
~
hard. She says that a cigarette helps her to
wind down' after a hard day at work. She 4 gradually end or disappear, usually in a
hopes her determination won't fizzle out4 disappointing way
I after a few weeks as she is very anxions s stop doing something before you have
not to give ups Ihis new regime. completed it, usually beca use it is too difficult
60 Eng/ish PhrasQ/ Verbs in Use

Exercises
28.1 Complete these comments by various people with words from the box below. Write the
words in the correct formo
ed set fizzle dry start give polish pack cut finish cal! break outset
1 1 ... . ...................................... out as a chemist but 1 knew from

the ................................................ that it wasn't what 1 wanted to do.
So 1 .......................................... it in and joined the navy instead.
2
1 had 50 exam papers to correct that day, so 1 .
about marking them. 1 managed to ................................................... off about
20 by 12.30, so 1 ................................................... oH for lunch and decided
to ... ............... the job off latero
3
1 was putting on weight, so 1 decide<! to ................................................... up fatty foods.
1 ................................................. down on sweet' drÍnks too, but I'm afraid my eHorts
........................................... out after a couple of weeks and now I'm back where 1 started.
4 Our research project was getting nowhere, and our funds were
........................... up. We didn't reaHy want to ... .. .............................. the
whole thing off, but we had no choice. We're very disappointed.
28.2 Answer these questions about yourself, using full sen ten ces with a phrasal verbo
1 What should you set about doing soon, even though you don't reaHy want to?
2 Can you think of something you were planning to do but then were forced to caH off?
3 What helps you to wind down when you are tired or stressed?
4 What do you eat or drink too much
of which you think you should cut
down on?
5 What did you once start off doing but
later gave up?
\\ \\ II 1/
s made
'You polished off al! the cakes before I got here!'
Go ta the Cambridge University Press dictionaries online website at dictionary.cambridge.org and

lifficulr select the Cambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. In che search box, enter che word start.
If you do noc have Internet access.look up che word start in a good mono lingual or bilingual
dictionary. How many more phrasal verbs can you find based on start?

-,
29 Actions and movement

E A Actions and movement with down and up highlintense _______
Down in phrasal verbs about
actions can mean towards the
DOWN
ground, towards a lower leve!,
or less intense. ------.... lower I less intense
example meaning
She fell down and broke her armo fell to the ground
Can you reach that book down far me, please~ get something that is aboye your head by reaching
You're taller than me. with your hand
Slow down! There's a poli ce car behind uso drive slower
Up in phrasal verbs about actions can .--------"'"higher/complete

mean towards a higher leve!, in a UP
complete way, or to a greater degree. ·lower....-------
I
example meaning
I must wrap up Stella's birthday presento Do you cover in paper, especially in arder to give as a
have any nice paped present
Can you help me to tie up this package? I don't put string or rape around something so that it is
want it to get damaged in the post. fastened together
Will you help me blow up these ballaons far the fill with air
party?
Could you pick up that box and follow me, please? life using your hands
It has the exam papers in it.
He felt very angry and tore her letter up. tear into a lot of small pieces
Could you move up and let Christine sit next move slightly so that there is enough space for
to you? someone else
I have abad leg. I don't want to slow you up, so go make someone or something slower
ahead and don't wait for me.
1:: 8 Other action and movement verbs

Move over! 1 need to sit down. [change the place where you are sitting or standing so that
there is space for someone else to sit or stand]
I'm just popping out for a newspaper. Do you want anything from the shop? [informal:
leaving the place where 1 am to go somewhere for a short time]
[ reached out for the light switch but couldn't find it in the dark. [stretched my arm in front
of my body, usually in order to get or touch something]
Can you he1p me onloff with these boots, please? [help me put on / take off a piece of
clothing]

Exercises
29.1 Read these seotences and answer the questions.

1 Could you reach down that saucepan for me, please?
Where do you think the saucepan is?
2 Emily has just popped out of the oHice.
lntense Is Emily going home for the day?
3 If Charlie moyes up a bit, there'll be room for all of us.
Where does Charlie haye to moye - a bit higher or closer to someone?
4 If Sonia moyes oyer, then Natasha can sit next to Nicholas.
Does Sonia haye to moye more or less than Charlie in sentence 3?
:hing 5 Tear the cloth up into small pieces and soak them in the dye for a couple of hours.
Is it necessary to use scissors to make the cloth ioto small pieces?
6 Help your grandmother on with her coat, Julie.
Is Julie's grandmother about to go outside or inside?
29.2 Rewrite these seotences using phrasal verbs from the opposite page which have the opposite
mplete
meaning to the underlined verbs.
1 The children helped me to unwrap the paree!.
2 Can you untie Billy's shoe laces for him?
3 Put down the ball at once.
4 Hurry up - it's beginning to snow and there's ice on the road.
5 Jill loyes bursting balloons!
t is
29.3 Look at these pictures and write answers to the questions about them using a phrasal verb
from the opposite page.
3 5
1 What has happened to the tree?

hat 2 What's the woman doing?
3 What is the man doing?
4 What's the boy doing?
5 What's the man doing?
6 What's the woman doing?
front 29.4 Choose the correct verbs to complete these sentences.
1 Their heayy rucksacks ................................................... the climbers up.
2 In the darkness of the cinema he ... . ............................... out and took her hand.
3 I'm just going to ................................................... out to the post oHice. 1 won't be long.
4 Your bike tyres are flato Let me ....................................... them up for you.

30 Destroying and reacting to destruction
Destroying
Here are sorne phrasal verbs which relate to the concept of destruction.
fall apart break inco pieces because of being Take care with this priceless old book.
too old or too weak It's beginning to fall aparto
pull down 5th or destroy a building or other structure They are planning to pull down the old
pull sth down because it is not wanted any more police station and build a new one.
screw up 5th or twist or crush paper or material with You can tel1 he's nervous - Icok how
screw 5th up your hands he's screwing up those scraps of papero
tear apart 5th or pull something violently so that it The customs officers tore the bag
tear 5th apart breaks into two or more pieces apart and found the hidden drugs.
tear down sth or violently destroy a building or other I can't bear to watch them tearing
tear sth down structure because it is not wanted down the school we used to go too
knock over sth/sb or hit or push someone or something, As she was dusting the room she
knock sth/sb over usually accidentally, so that they fall to knocked over a vase and spilt water all
the ground or onto their si de over the table.
put out sth or make something that is burning, e.g. We managed to put the fire out before
put sth out a fire or cigarette, stop burning the fire brigade arrived.
root out sth/sb or find and get rid of the thing or person The government says it will root out
root sth/sb out that is causing a problem crime and the causes of crime.
stamp out sth or get rid of something that is The government says it is doing all it can
stamp sth out considered wrong or harmful to stamp out the problem of drugs.
Reacting to destruction and negative situations

, defend thernselves when
FIGHT TO SAVE VILLAGE HOME p".yHU~~ something or someone
MEANBOROUGH LOCAL COUNCIL has decided ~.:;: .: .:".:'Í attacks thern
, trying extrernely hard,
to destroy a beautiful old cottage in tbe village of
Wareholt in order to widen the main road. However, often to help or please
tbe villagers are equally determined to fight back ' . ' someone
The autborities want to evict an 89-year-old lady. , help or suPPOrt sorneone
Doris Jakes, who has lived all her life in tbe during a difficult period
cottage, and seem to be bending over backwards' in their lífe
to persuade her to go and live in a modem oId people's home in the 4 criticised them very
nearest town. strongly or attacked
Doris does not want to move and villagers are doing aH they can to thern
see her through' her difficult time. Doris may seem old and harrnless
¡
s noun: problern which
but she has turned on4 severaI officers from the council who have tried
ca used time to be wasted
to get her to change her mind. There was a recent setback5 for Doris
6 did what needed to be
when she was told that she couldn 't stay in the cottage beca use repairs
needed to be done to the roof. However. her neighbour. a builder. done to solve the
quickJy saw t06 it and her roof is now in good repair. so she is still in problem
tbe_
_ cottage
_ -..rand hopes
.,; _to_win
_her
__ battle.
_ _ .,; ..--- ---

In Exercises
30.1 Complete these sentences using verbs from the table in A opposite.
1 The border police have tried unsuccessfuUy to ................................................... out iUegal immigration.
2 When the thefrs at the school happened the headteacher promised 10 ............................................. .
out the person or persons responsible.
3 We got a lovely old chair from my grandmother's house when she died but it was
,k.
.............................................. apart so we had it restored.
4 She read the letter then .............................. .. ........... it up and threw it angrily into the wastepaper
, old basket.
5 l got so excited l ................................................... over my coffee cup and made a terrible stain on the
N tablecloth.
laper.
30.2 Which phrasal verbs do these pictures iHustrate? Write a sentence to describe what the
animals or people in each picture are doing, using the appropriate phrasal verb from the
opposite page.
1 2
,er all
=fore
ut
it can
:s.
30.3 Rewrite the underlined parts of these conversations, using pbrasal verbs from B opposite.
1 Pedro: I'm sorry you didn 't get the funds you applied for 10 do your research.
when Gisela: Yes, weU, it was a bit of a disappointment and l did waste a bit of time beca use
eone of it but I've applied for a different grant, and hope I'U get that.
2 Tony: Are you managing 10 survive without working?
lard, Dan: WeU, my parents ha ve lem me sorne money 10 enable me to survive while I'm
lease studying.
>meone 3 Connie: Teachers suffered very badly under the last government - their salaries feU and
period theír conditions got worse.
Hilda: Yes, bul Ihey are nol jusI reaclinl> passively any more now and their union is
ry much stronger.
ed 4 Ruth: Did you get much support from Mr Crombie?
Bob: Oh yes, he did absolutely everythinl> possible to help me.
1ieh
wasted 5 Tom: l hear you experienced Lena's bad temper this morning!
:0 be Eric: Yes, l made an innocent cornmem and she just reacted rea Uy furiously.
6 Olive: The photocopier's not working again.
Gareth: OK, don't worry, I'U 1>0 .nd fix it.

31 Communication
Managing subjects and topics
Kathryn Taylor is speaking to her colleagues at a weekly business meeting. She gives an
oudine of what she's going to say.
Well, there are a couple of matters which 1 want to bring up'

today for discussion. But befare we get on t0 2 those questions,
1 just want to run through3 the schedule for oext week's sales
conference, which you aH have copies of. Someone asked me if
we could talk about the new computer system, but I'd prefer 7
to leave that aside4 for today and come back toS it another ~ ,
time. I'm sure 1 don't need to spell out6 how important it is
that we're all thoroughly prepared for next week's conference,
so maybe we can deal with7 that first. So, let's have a quick
'- ruo-through8 of the schedule and discuss each eveot in tum.
I start to talk about s return ro discuss it at a future time

2 start talking about after discussing something '6 explain in detail
else 7 discuss or give our attention ro
3 repeat something, usually quickly, to make a noun: a practice or repetirian to make sure
sure ir is correet something is correct (from the verb
'" nor discuss ir so that we can discuss something run through)
else
Note that sorne of the phrasal verbs aboye can have the object befare or after the partide:
bring sth up or bring up sth leave sth aside or leave aside sth
spell sth oot or speH out sth
Communicating and interacting with others

In these dialogues the second speaker uses a phrasal verb to repeat the first speaker's meaoiog.
Jim: 1 wish they had dooe what they said they would do.
Nao: Yes, they should have kept to what they promised aod oot changed their miods.
Freda: 1 doo't know who to ask for help or advice on this matter. Ir's very delicate.
Lou: Yes, it's difficult to koow who to tum to, iso't it?
Anne: Lucy was extremely enthusiastic and excited about coming to work for us.
Fiana: Yes, she was absolutely bubbling over with excitement wheo 1 spoke to her.
Paul: She acts as if she was the boss, telliog everyooe what to do.
Mia: Yes, she's always ordering people about/around.
Karen: 1 saw a sigo sayiog that the car park will be dosed tomorrow. Can you tell
everybody else, please?
Tony: Yes, 1'11 pass the news on*. 1'11 send an e-mail to everyone in the office.
Harry: 1 see Grace said no to the jobo
Zoe: Yes, she tnmed the offer down*.
*The object can also appear after the partide in these two phrasal verbs.

Exercises
31.1 Look at the pieture and answer the questions below.

I'd like you to spell things Let's run through the weekend
There's something else out a bit more for uso programme once more .
.---./
I'd like to bring up now.
Could we perhaps come Let's leave that aside for now.

baek to this next week?
ce sure 1 Which speaker wants to introduce a new topie now?

2 Which speaker would welcome a fuller explanation?
3 Whieh two speakers want to deal with a topic later on?
4 Which speaker would like to repeat something to make sure everyone understands it?
:Ie: 3 I .2 Choose the best phrasal verbs from the opposite page to complete these sen ten ces.
1 I'm sorry, but I'm going to ha ve to .......................................... "..... your invitation as I'1I be away
then.
2 Kate is such a bossy person, always . "."."""""""""""""""""""" people """""""""""""""""""""""" .
3 Let's ".""."",,,,,,,,, ", ".. """"""""" this question """"""""""""""."""""""""." for now and retuen to it when
'anmg, we've all read the report.
4 How on earth did we . .""" sueh an extraordinary topie of eonversation?
S If she has a problem, she knows she can always """"""""""""""""""""""""." her aunt for help.
s. 6 Jill is thrilled with her new flat - she is . "".""" "."",,, with enthusiasm.
7 In this essay I plan to """".".""."" .. ",,,,,, ""."""" the causes of the Freneh Revolution from a new
perspective.
8 Let's try to . """"".""",.",,,. ".. """""""" the agenda and not get distracted.
9 Could you """"""""""""""." """""" "", a message to Lee when you see him later?
31.3 Here are sorne more phrasal verbs connected with communicating. Try to explain the
I meanings of the verbs in boldo Use a dietionary if neeessary.

1 They won't be able to hear you at the back of the hall. You'll ha ve to speak up.
2 Class 2B seem to spend most of their time in my lessons looking out of the window - I
just don't know if I am getting through to them or noto
3 Although I think most of the staH agree with me, no-one else is prepared to speak up.
4 The arrangements for the eonferenee are rather eomplieated and I hope I'll be able to get
the details aeross to everyone.
S I'm sorry to butt in but I eouldn't help hearing you mention that you come from
Edinburgh.
6 Jaek was halfway through his speeeh when he dried up.
English PhrasalVerbs in Use 67

32 Describing people and places
Describing people
Natasha and 1 love going to posh restaurants where we have to dress Up' though Natasha
always finds il hard to decide what to put on 2 Her favoutite evening dress is long, red and
tight-fitting and she has to get me to help her do upj the zip. As we live in Moscow we have to
wrap up' well before going out in winter and she puts a long fUf coat on s over her dress.
As soon as we arrive anywhere, she goes straight to the ladies room to freshen up'.
I put on formal or speeial clothes 5 see note 2

, put a pieee of clothing ontO your body 6 brush youe haie, refresh youe make-up, or
] fasten have a quiek wash
.. dress in warm clothes
Describing places
When we arrived in the town, we were surprised to see how rundown ' it looked. The
streets were littered with' rubbish. However, one building in the town centre stnck out'.
Its tidy window boxes and fresh paint set it apart'. There was a lovely little lamp sticking
outS from one comer. When we went closer we found it was the Town Museum.
I (adjeetive) shabby, in a poor eond ition , made it different, usually better, than others
, (always passive) contained a lot of of the same type
something, usualIy something negative s eoming out beyond the edge or surfaee
3 was noticeable beca use ir was different
Comparing and contrasting people and things
Jo: 1 ca n never teH one twin from the other, can you?
Mel: No, 1 can never teH them aparto
Her handbag and boots go very well together.
Lee: Joe will always stand out in a erowd.

[Iook different from others]
Vie: Yes, I'm sure he' lI never blend in!
[Iook or seem the same as those around him so
he is not noticed]
68 Eng/ish Phraso/ Verbs in Use

E.xercises
32.1 Complete these sentences, using a phrasal verb from A.

1 You've had such a long journey. Would you like sorne time 10 ... . ..... before
we go out to dinner?
2 lt's a very informal party. You don't have to ................................................... .
3 WiU you help me ................................................... my dress? I can't reach the buttons at the back.
4 lt's freezing cold today, so if you're going out, do ............................................... weU, and
................................................... a scarf.
32.2 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Think about the meaning as weU as the grammar of
the sentences.
OI 1 I don't want to wear my new jacket tonight. You can put on it if you like.
2 Although the house looked rundown fram the outside, it was very shabby inside.
3 If you're going out in the snow, make sure you wrap on well.
4 Do you think this scarf and coat get together OK?
5 He hates the wa y his ears stick off.
6 lt takes me a long time to get the kids ready in the morning because Sammy and Lisa can't
le do on their own shoes yet. .
¡t3 • 7 BiU and his brother are so alike - I can't see one fram the other.
oing 8 !t's a very formal party, so you don't need to dress up.
32.3 Complete this text using words {ram the opposite page.
thers The <ity co"nciL are CrH"'9 ro ""prove SOl\'>e of the 01A.u, ................................................ (1) parts of
the <ity. Th~'re CrH"'9 ro consCr"ct new b"il<J.mgs whi.cl1 wiU blena. ................................................... (2.)
wiH1 the ex.sw,g arehited:tAre. There's one new b"il<J.mg thai .... .. ........................... (3)
OtAt, whi.cl1 I like verH I\'>"eh. It has "" b~~L d.ecoraLed. f"{..d.e ~a. little statues whi.cl1
................................................... (4) OtAt frOI\'> the roof, whi.cl1 ................................................... (5) ¡,t "-Part frOI\'> o.U.
the other b"il<J.mgs.
32.4 Sorne of the phrasal verbs from this unit can be used in a metaphorical way. Try to work out
the metaphorical meaning of these phrasal verbs fram their basic meaning by answering the
questions below.
1 Military history is littered with examples of armies being destroyed beca use of generals or
politicians making siUy mistakes.
Are there many or few examples of siUy mistakes in military history?
2 I thought Tom Hanks' performance in that film really stood out.
Did the speaker think that Tom Hanks' performance was ordinary or special?
3 The quality of Jan's descriptive writing really sets her work apart fram that of the other
students in the dass.
Is Jan's writing better or worse than that of the other students?
4 I can't tell John's voice fram his father's on the phone.
Does John's voice sound like his father's on the phone?
5 Bringing a new actor into the series might freshen things up.
JI
I
~,-i
I
Does the speaker think that the new actor wiU spoil or imprave the series?

33 Describing public events
-- A A review of an event
Human Circus at the London Arts Centre

The show was fully booked up I for weeks, Proteetion of Animals Week. It was a good
and when it opened last night, lhe publie idea, but the standard of the performanees
poured in 2 and very soon the London Arts was lhird-rate and an embarrassing number
Centre was packed out] But why? What of people simply walked out8 before it
had they come to see? Human beings who ended. There were sorne amusing moments
take off' eireus animals, with men in cal when the performers sent up' typieal eireus
suits who stand in s for lhe real lions and folk, but overall it was a dismal show.
tigers. The show was put on6 by ilS ereators Despite the large turnout 'O for lhe show's
to protest againsl traditional eireuses and to flrst night, 1 doubt it will aUraet many people
send a message about eruelty lo animals. The during the rest of its seven-day runo
show was timed to tie in with 7 the National H. ACKDOFF
I if an event, persoo, or place is booked up, 6 organised

they ha ve no space DI time available for 7 if ane event ties in with another, ir is planned
someone so that both events happen at the same time
2 arrived or entered somewhere in very large • left rhe performance before ir had ended
numbers beca use they did not like it or were angry
3 (adjeetive) very full • made someone or something seem stupid by
4 copy the way a person DI animal be ha ves, eopying rhem in a funny way
often in order ro make people laugh 10 (noun) the number of people who carne to
5 play their role for a short period of time watch DI take part in an event or activity
Other verbs connected with events

call off sth or cancel something, especially because it We decided to call off the sports
call 5th off no longer seems possible or useful event as we'd only sold 20 tickets.
cram ioto/in go into a place even though it is too The hall seated 200 but more than
somewhere small and becomes very full 300 crammed into it for the
meeting.
pass off happen, especially in a good way The demonstration passed off
peacefully, despite fears that there
would be violence.
put off sth or postpone to a later date We had to put off the match
put 5th off because the rain was so heavy.
put forward/back sth or arrange something for an earlier/later We've put the time of the staft
put sth forward/back time meeting forward/back so more
people can come.
I It is often a good idea to learn a group of phrasal verbs connected together into a story, like the review
in A aboye. Make up your own stories for verbs you have written down in your vocabulary notebook.

Exercises
33.1 Answer the following questions about the phrasal verbs from A, using full sentenees.
1 If a performance is booked up, can you get t iekets for it or not?
I
'od
2 If people are said to pouc in (a place), what do yo u know abou t the number of people?
3 If people eram into a room, what is the room then like?
4 What kind of events might be put o n to tie in with Nationa l Poetry Week?
~es 5 ls a comedian more likely to send up politieians or post offiee workers?
,ec 6 When would an actor need someone to stand in for them?
il 33.2 Choose the eorreet word to complete these sentenees.
nls
:us 1 It was so eold in the hall that a few people ................................................. out before the end of the
concerr .
•w.
~'s
a) turned b) wa lked e) poured d) paeked
pie 2 The elass went 10 see the performance of Maebeth beca use it ................................................... in well
with the projeet they were doing on Seottish history.
FF a) erammed b) stood e) tied d) booked
3 We were delighted when we saw how many people had . .. out for the
meeting.
a) turned b) taken e) stood d) walked
anned
4 T he teaeher was worried about the play her young elass was putting on for the parems
time
but, fortunately, everything .. .. ..................... off without any problems.
d
a) took b) passed e) walked d) eaHed
;ry
5 Morag is very good at ................................................... off the teaehers in her sehoo!.
id by
a) sending b) ealling e) taking d ) putting
6 The meeting had to be . .. forward to 9 a.m.
!to
a) made b) sem e) turned d) put
ty
33.3 Replaee the underlined words with a phrasal verb &om the opposite page.
1 The eoneert has been eaneelled beca use the main performer is il!.
2 My aum has a job go ing round different sehools substituting for teaehers who are siek.
3 T his year the Drama Club is going to presem a performance of Hamlet.
>rts 4 T hat acto r is very good at imitating the Prime Minister.
ets. 5 The shops are usuall y very erowded during the sales.
6 My unele has arranged his trip to this eountry to coincide w ith my parents' anniversary.
:han
33.4 Complete this e-mail.using the eorreet phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1-
Hi,john.
ere You must go and see the show that the Students' Arts Club is .. . .............. (1) this week.
It's brilliant and it ................................................... (2) very well with the study 01 satire that we're doing at
the moment in our literature lectures. We were lucky to get tickets as we'd been told that it
................................................... (3) but we managed get the last two and to ................................................... (4) the
hall along with at least 2,000 other people. The actors were so good at ................................................... (5)
f
re the bureaucracy in this college and Ben Hurley was brilliant at .. .. .. (6) the Dean.
No-one .................................................. (7) early - not even the Dean, who seemed to be enjoying himsell
as much as everyone else! lt's been so popular that the play planned for next week has been
..................... (8) till next month so the Club can hold so me extra performances.
eview
,ok.

34 Describing situations
A Dialogues commenting on situations
Mary: !t's such a cold day. [ wish [ could get out of the bike ride Jack's planned. [avoid
doing something that you should do, often by giving an excuse]
BiII: Why don't you suggest cancelling it? I'm sure the others would also prefer not to go
in weather like this.
Sandy: 1 have identical twins, Plora and Plorence, in my e1ass - 1 always mix them up.
[confuse two people or things by thinking that one person or thing is the other
person or thing]
Mike: Yes, 1 muddle them up too. !t doesn't help that their names are so similar. [confuse
two people or things in your mind]
Meg: 1 reaUy don't like sharing an oHice with Sue - she thinks the whole world revolves
around her and her insignificant problems. [thinks she's more important than
anyone else]
Anna: Yes, 1 know. 1 think she is one of the most self-centred people I've ever meto
John: We've been running up against ' quite ·a lat of problems here recendy.
Rita: 1 know. As soon as we deal with one problem, another immediately crops up2 and 1
now feel 1 can 't bank on l things turning out4 well in the end.
I beginning ro experience 3 depend on something happening

2 suddenly appears, usually when you are not " happening in a particular way oc having a
expecting ir particular result
MiUy: The situation at work is so annoying at the I(noun) mistake caused by confusion
moment! There's been a smaU mix-up' of 2 not allow something bad that is
orders and everyone is making a great happening or is being done to you to
drama out of it. upset you or aHect your behaviour
Tom: Oh come on! You can rise above2 that. ] stop being in volved in a situation,
Just back offl and let others handle things. expecially to let others deal with it
themselves
B An island revolution
Olidaymakers who were caught Up' Palace. The returning tourists rep0r! that
H last week in a revolution on the
Caribbean island of St Maria have now
!hey were all thrown togetherJ in one of
lhe largest holels and were not allowed to
retumed home. The situation first hotted leave until !he situation calmed down 4 .
Up2 when rebels seized the President~ ia::l_~........_
I (always in passive) involved in a situation, 3 forced to be together and get to know

often when you don't want to be each other
2 (informal) became more exciting, with a lor " became more peaceful
more activity (compare with heat up which
is used about food, see Units 26 and 60)

fxercises
34.1 Match the statements on the left with a suitable response on the right.
1 I've run up against
Ihat problem too.
t to go
2 AH the pages are in the 1 know, but 1'01 sure everything
,. wrong arder in this reporto wi11 tum out all right in the end.
:r
nfuse
3 Sometimes the printer wiH
only print black and white. -< 1 wouldn't bank on it. )
4 1 need you here next 1 know, but try ro
,Ives
Monday. rise aboye it.
S 1 do hope the bus 1 must have mixedJ

arrives on time . muddled them up. Sorry.
6 1 fee! so angry about OK. 1'11 see if 1 can get

. and 1
what's happened. out of my trip to London.
34.2 Complete these sentences with a suitable word.

lvmg a 1 When you're a teenager it's easy ro think the whole world . .. ................................ around
you and your personal problems.
2 There was a . .. ..... with the reserva tia n - our room had been double-booked.
lfusion 3 1 think you should . .. off a litde and let her do what she wants.
lS 4 Problems at work tend to . .. .... up when you're least expecting them.
) you to S 1 hope everything ................................................... out we11 for you in your new jobo
VlOur
34.3 Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
tion,
1 1 was in the capital city a month before the economic crisis exploded, but things were
rirh ir
already beginning to become agitated and more in tense, even then.
2 H e went ro the country as a news reporter, but beca me unintentiona11y involved in the civil
war which started shord y after his arriva!.
3 1 might never have met Ken, but we had no choice but to live and work rogether during our
military service and we've been friends ever since.
4 The situation in Lostrania has become more peaceful /'
.. /' ,. t - .
tbal now, but it's stiII too dangerous ro go t here for a .,. ' Earth ~'--
le of holiday. ~ I know! ;
,d 10 S Try not to get so involved. Let them sort it out. V,
6 You can't trust him ro he!p you. Because she's such a bíg star V J~l.
~ \(,.
'0
she thínks the whole world Venus ¡ r ~ .::., re
revolves around her. \ "lr\(f
\
)w
Choose five of the phrasal verbs from this unit and use them in sentences about situations you have
been in recently.

35 Giving and getting information
Referring to information in academic writing
This table shows phrasal verbs which are useful in academic writing.
phrasal verb example meaning

come under 5th be included in or may be found in Sanderson (1985) studied mistakes involving
prepositions, tenses and other items which
come under the heading af grammatical
errors in second language learning.
draw on/upon 5th use information or your knowledge In designing the experiment, Fiona Farr
or experience of something to help draws upon earlier studies done in
you do something America and Asia.
point out 5th present a new faet, especially one Willis (1998) points out that economic
(citen + that) that is important in the present statistics afeen show a sharp rise just befare
discussion ar situatíon a serious recession.
turn to sth/sb begin to think, speak or write abQut I should now like to turn to another issue
a subject which is often neglected: parental control.
Noticing and understanding information

In these conversations, the second person repeats what the first person says, using a phrasal
verbo
Pam: I didn't fully understand what he was saying for a few minutes.
Ed: Yes, it took me a few minutes to latch on to what he was talking about.
Rory: I found it difficult to understand the full importance of the decision.
Suraya: Yes, me too. I found it hard to take in its significance at first.
Briony: We must be careful to notice any difficulties that occur once we start the project.
Winston: Yes, we'lI have to watch out for possible problems.
Pepe: Could you try and get sorne information about how to contact Keith Phelps?
Rana: Yes, I'll try and find out his contact details.
Olivia: Jill, will you make sure that Rita has sent those faxes for me?
Jill: Yes, I'll check up on her right away and see if she's done them.
Aine: Don, I can't find that market report we wrote about three years ago?
Don: OK, 1'11 try and track it down. I must have it on the computer somewhere.
Other verbs connected with information

Sa lly: What's the capital of Ecuador?
Mick: Oh, Bogotá? No? Caracas? Oh, I don't know, I give up. [stop trying to think of
the answer to a joke or question)
Sally: !t's Quito.
I said something that upset Mo . I didn't mean to, it just slipped out. [1 didn 't intend to say it)
The total on the bill and the total on the credit card statement should match up, but don't
[be the same). There must be a mistake.
74 English PhrasalVerbs in Use

Exercises
35.1 Look at A and B. Then complete this hook review using the phrasal verhs from the hox
helow. Put the verhs into the most appropriate formo
check up on come under draw on/upon point out track down turn to
¡ng o
o
:h o Highiand Tracks is an unusual book about Ihe history of Scotland. The aulhor has
o
o
o
rnanaged to ................................................... (1) a number of previously unpublished sources.
o He has ................................................... (2) these to argue that the current political situation in
o
o
o Ihe United Kingdorn owes a great deal to Ihe separate histories of Scotland and
o
o England. After analysing Ihe historical relationship between Ihese two countries,
the author then . (3) Ihe relationship between Scotland and
France. He (4) that traditionally they had a rnuch warmer
>re
relationship than either country had with England. The writer uses his imagination
,. quite freely and the book should really .

fiction rather than non-fiction. It is a yery interesting work allhough anyone
(5) the heading of
seriously wishing to investigate Scottish history should ............................... (6)

o
o rnany of the facts presented by this author.
o
o
35.2 Correet the errors in this paragraph. There are seven in total. Eaeh error is a maner of either
an extra word or wrong word order.
Hannah and Bill were playing a game. Hannah had thought of a football star and Bill was
trying to find who it was out. He turned his mother to but she pointed it out that she knew
absolutely nothing about football. He would have to try to traek the answer hirnself down
and to wateh out any elues for that Hannah might deliberately give. After ten minutes Bill
eet.
still hadn't latehed up on so he gave himself up and Hannah told him the answer: Ronaldo.
35.3 Find three eolloeations for these verhs from the opposite page. Use a dietionary if neeessary.
• EXAMPLE Sorneone might wateh out for .. p'robLen>.~ ........... , .. #.ffi:c<:<~s ... or ...cl:<>n.9~. ..
1 You might check up on .................................. , . ... or ........ .. ..................... .
2 You might point out ................................ , . .. .......................... or .................................. .
3 Someone might find out ................. . . ......... , .. .. ......... or .................. .
4 You might take in .................................. , . . ............... or . .............................. .
5 .... , ..."... ".... ".... ".... .... ". or ".......... " might slip out.
35.4 Sorne of the phrasal verhs on the opposite page are used in a rnetaphorieal rather than a
literal way. In the sentenees helow these verbs are used in a literal way. What do they mean?
of 1 As they drove through the town Gisela's father pointed out anything he thought might
interest the ehildren.
2 In the seene at the end of the film , wateh out for the rnan sining in the ca fé behind
Leonardo DiCaprio - that's my brother!
,y it] 3 The dog quickly tracked the rabbit down to where it was hiding under the garden shed .
't 4 Marian managed to slip out of the house without anyone noticing.
5 Polly tuwed to the man on her left and started chatting to him about his work.

36 Solving problems
Talking about problems
Tom: What's the matter? Why are you looking so worried?
Emily: I've got a few problems at work and I don't know
what to do about them.
Tom: WeH, why don't we talk them over' rogether?
That might help you to sort yourseIf out2 •
Emily: OK, thanks. WeH, first of aH, Julia was going to
give a very important presentation tomorrow but
she says she's iH and isn't going to be able to do it.
I think she's just bottled out' as it's for such an important client. Feeling a bit iH was
just the perfect let-out' for her. I'd do it myself but I'm busy with meetings aH day.
Tom: WeH, that caHs for s quick action if the presentation is tomorrow. You'd better do it
yourself if it's so important. Just cancel your other meetings.
Emily: 1 guess I'H have too The next problem is that personal belongings have been going
missing from people's desks during the day.
Tom: Oh dear. You should deal with 6 that problem as quickly as possible. Let's make a list
of possible suspects ... .
I discuss something before making a decision
2 spend time dealing with your personal problems
, (informal) decided not to do somerhing beca use she was afraid
• (noun) excuse or way of avoiding doing somerhing she said she'd do
5 needs oc deserves a particular action oc quality
6 take action to achieve something
Finding a solution
Now read what Emily did about her problems at work.
She faced up to' the fact rhat she would have to do the imporrant presentation herself, so she
immediately contacted her personal assistant ro ask her to see about2 posrponing her
meetings for the next day. As for the thefts, she realised thar the solution to finding the office
thief lay in' working out exactly who could ha ve been in the office when each of the thefts
took place. So she carne up with' a plan that enabled her to check who had been there at
each of the rimes concemed. That narrowed down s the suspects ro two people. She
questioned them both and the guilty one soon confessed.
I accepred rhar a difficulr siruation exisred

2 deal wirh somerhing or arrange for somerhing ro be done
, would be found in (from the verb lie in something)
, rhoughr of or suggested somerhing rhar mighr solve a problem
5 made something, usually a list oc choice, smaller and clearee by removing what is ¡rrelevant oc
less important
76 English Phrasal Veros in Use

Exercises
36.1 Match the newspaper headlines with the stories a-e below.
~
~
1 NEW POlleE SQUAD TO DEAL WITH ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS
2 Gorda bott/es out of contest with Paterson
3 POLICE NARROW DOWN SUSPECTS IN MURDER CASE
-~
4 Education Minister to talk over problem with teaching unions
~
5 GOVERNMENT SEEKS LET-OUT ON ELECTION PROMISE
a) Three men are to be interviewed in the Oxford area, following new information. Up ro
now there has been no real ...
Nas b) If possible, ministers wouJd like to be able ro drop the pledge without angering the public ...
y. e) The team will be stationed at ports of entry and will have the task of checking anyone
it suspected of having arrived ...
d) The fight was arranged fOf September in Las Vegas, but now it will not take place.
A spokesman for the 28-year-old ...
e) The minister said she would go into the discussions with an open mind, and that all the
list Issues ...
36.2 A father is talking to bis son who be thinks is very lazy. The underlined expressions bave got
mixed up. Tbe partides are correct, but the verbs are incorrecto Put the correct verbs in.
!t's time you faced yourself out. You're 23 now and you still haven't got a job!
You've got to come up to reality. !t's about time you realised that the secret of success
taJks in taking positive action. Over the next couple of days, 1 will expect you to lie up
with a few ideas about how you're going ro improve your situation, or else you can go
and Jive somewhere else. Why don't you go and sort about that job Unele Herbert
offered you at his factory? I've offered ro help deal things over with you, but you
never seem to want my help. Yet you don't see with things yourself. Sometimes
she 1 think you're just a waste of space!
ffice 36.3 This is how Tom and Emily's conversation in A continued. What do you tbink the five
ts underlined pbrasal verbs mean?
Emily: Well, it's just dawned on me that the thefts have always happened on the rop floor.
So it couldn't be anyone who never goes up there. That actually rules out quite a lot
of people.
Tom: Think sorne more about exactly where and when things were stolen and you'll
probably find that the answer jumps out at yOu.
Emily: Thanks, Tom. !t's good ro work through things with you! !t really helps me to sort
tbings out!
Of
Choose five of the phrasal verbs (rom this unit that you would particularly like to learn. Look them
up in a good dictionary. for example the Cambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, and copy
out any useful example sentences that you find there.

37 Decisions and plans
Thinking about things and deciding
If ... you could ... meaning
someone offered you money for sleep on ir wait untíl che next day befare you
your bike but you weren't sure decide what to do about it
if you wanted to sell ir or not
decide to take che money and manage without ir
do without (he bike
you were offered a good job in weigh up che pros and ccns think carefully about che
a town far away (rom where you advantages and disadvantages
live ¡nvolved befare making a decision
run ir by your parents or a good teH your parents or a good friend,

friend (informal) so that they can give their apinion
you were getting tired of paying plan ahead and start saving make decisions or plan s about
rent to live in a fiar money to buy a house something you will do or might
do in the future
think ahead, and consider how think carefully about what might
you would like to live in lOor happen in the future
20 years from now
someone offered you the chance think it over and tel! them your think carefully about the idea
to invest al! the money you've decision at a later date before making a decision
saved in a company they were
think through the possible risks think carefully about the risks
starting
of giving all your savings away and consider the possible
consequences
Other verbs connected with planning and deciding

We should allow for possible delays on the motorway and leave an hour earlier. [consider or
include something when making plans or judging a situation]
Having to pay extra for all our meals at the hotel was something we didn't bargain foro
[expect something to happen and be prepared for it]
I'm sure he'll opt out of doing the bungee jump at the last minute. [choose not to do
something you have planned]
I'm sure he'll chicken out of doing the bungee jumpt at the last minue. [informal: decide not
to do somerhing you have planned beca use you are frightened]
1 have so many things on in the evenings that it would be too much to be on the school
committee too. [have arrangemenrs to do things]
My wife seems to be completely set agaiost moving to the country. [be opposed to]
1 could do without having my family coming to stay this weekend. 1 just want a guiet
weekend. [informal: something you say when something is annoying you or causing problems
for you, beca use your situarion at that time makes it difficult for you to deal wirh it]
78 Eng/ish Phrosal Verbs in Use

Exercises
37. l Complete this dialogue using verbs or partides from A.

Sarah: Do you think you're going to take that job in New York, Kenny?
Kenny: Well, I've been thinking it ................................. (1) and trying to .................................. (2) up all
the positives and negatives, but I'm finding it really hard to come to a decision. I've
run it .................................. (3) the family but they all have differeot views. My younger
ehild is really keen on the idea but the older one isn't. My wife says we ha ve ro
think. .............. (4) and imagine how things would be for the kids when they're
a bit older.
Sarah: So how long do they give you ro .................................. (5) through all the implications and
come to a decision?
ision
Kenny: Unfortunately, I have ro make up my mind by next week.
iend, Sarah: Well, why don't you .................................. (6) on it. Things might seem elearer in the
inion morning.
t 37.2 Answer these questions about yourself, using foil sentenees.

ht 1 When you have an importaot decision ro make in your personal or your professionallife
who would you usually run it by first?
ght 2 If you are worried about a situation at work, do you usually think it over immediately or
decide to sleep on it first?
3 You ha ve enough money for only one of these - a special holiday or a caro Which would
you prefer ro do without?
4 In what ways do people plan ahead for their retirement?
5 What sorts of things might people ehieken out of doing?
37.3 Rewrite these sentenees using the word in braekets, so that they keep the same meaning.
1 We should take ioto consideration the fact that he is still only young. (ALLOW)
2 I really can't help you as I have a lot of things to do roday. (ON)
3 He waots ro stop having art classes at school next year so he can do extra music. (OPT)
4 We didn't expeet Mark ro turo up at the party with a lot of his friends. (BARGAIN)
r or 5 My son is determined not ro go ro university. (SET)
6 I would really prefer it if we didn't have people coming for dinner this evening. (WITHOUT)
1 I was going to do the parachute jump but I chickened off in the end.
2 I have on a lot of things this weekend.
3 In judging her work, you should really allow her inexperience foro
4 If we buy the flat, we'lI have ro make without holidays for a few years.
not 5 Let's run our plan through Sarah before we make our final decision.
6 I could make without having to go to a conference this weekend.
7 In deciding how mueh holiday money we need, we should allow the fact for that food is
very expensive there.

38 Disagreeing
Disagreement at work
There was an outcry' at work today beca use the boss announeed that he wanted
us all to rake a pay cut. We had a union meeting at lunehtime and we all agreed to
"
stick together' and refuse to agree to his requests. Our union leader spoke out'
very c1early to our boss and to the local press this afternoon. We're sure that the
boss will have to give in' in the end. Although in sorne ways I'd rather stay out 01'
it myself, 1 have no choice but to support my fellow union members.
I (noun) publie expression of anger and disapproval

2 support each other, espeeia lly in a difficult situation
3 publicly expressed an apioion, usually to oppose or criticise something or sameone
• finally agree to what someone wants afrer a period of refusing to agree
5 nor become involved in an argument or discussion
Private disagreements
Read Cilla's letrer to an agony aunt, Esther.
I argued with eaeh other and
Dear Esther, stepped being friends
Please
I can you he1p me.M ' sister and I
y blg 2 make me leel stupid or
a ways used to be good friends but unimportant by criticising me
fe" out h ' we 3 make me feel upset or angry
' w en I started going out with a
new boyfriend. Now she is always trying to .. defend me when 1 am being criticised
put me down' and it is really beginning 5 like or respeet them less beca use
to get . to' me. My boyfnend
.
usually tries they have done something wrong
Ito stlck up for' me, but then she ¡ust or something that she does not like
aughs at him too. Two years ago my
boyfnend used to go out w',th m .
b Y Slster,
.~,
ut} surely she doesn't hold th'15 agarns~
us. What can we do? CüW..
e Back
T he verb baek is often used to refer te the position you take in an argument or decision.
~
up sb (or baek sb np) = to say that someone is telling the truth
BACK down = admit that you are wrong or have been defeated,
often beca use you are foreed to
out = decide not to do something that you were going to do
or had agreed to do
Examples:
When 1 make my point at the meeting, p lease back me up.
The government backed down o n its controversial plans to inerease income tax.
Jill had agreed te come sailing with us tomorrow, but she's backed out.

Exercises
38.1 In rhis radio interview a protester is angry about a plan to build a new road through some
beautiful woodland. Complete the interview using verbs from the opposite page.
Reporter: Now, Mr Humfry, you have ................................................... (1) out recently against the new
road plan. Do you think your protest campaign can change the decision?
Protester: Well, there are a number of different groups opposed ro this plan, and if we
................................................... (2) rogether we can force the autharities to rethink.
Reporter: But do you really think the authorities will be prepared to. ...... (3 )
down over this? The Minister has said the road plan must go ahead.
Protester: This isn't a small protestoThere's been a massive public . . ............................ (4).
People are not willing ro see their environment destroyed by road building. The
Highways Department must listen to us or face the consequences.
Reporter: The consequences? Do you mean violent protest as with the Knox Bridge?
Protester: Not violent protest, no. We have always emphasised ro our members that if
violence erupts they should ................................................... (5)
out of it and keep our protest peaceful. We
condemn violence. No, I' m talking ab.out a huge,
non-violent wave of pro test.
Reporter: And you think that, in this way, the government
will be forced to .. . ..... (6) in?
Protester: Yes, l believe they will simply have ro listen.
e
38.2 Use a phrasal verb from the opposite page to complete these dialogues, so that Speaker B
agrees with Speaker Ns statement.
iticised 1 A: Apparently, Gary agreed with Liam's version of the events.
lUse B: Yes, he.
rong 2 A: I hear Kim and Francis have had a serious argumento
lar like B: Yes, it seems they've .. . .. ..................... '" .................... .
3 A: Petra always defends Mia when people criricise her.
B: Yes, she .................................................................... .
4 A: I think we should withdraw from the project.
B: Yes, I agree. I think we . ... .......................... .
5 A: Jo is always criticising Phil and making him look small.
B: Yes, she's always .
6 A: We shouldn't feel negative towards Iris just because she acted stupidly.
B: No, we shouldn't .. ................... .
7 A: I think not getting the job is really beginning to upset Trisha.
1. B: Yes, l think it's really ..
38.3 Complete these sentences, using a phrasal verb from the opposite page.
1 Harry says he won't come to the fancy dress party with me but I'm sure he'lI eventually
2 Why have Jana and Sarah ................................................... ? They used ro get on so well together.
3 I just don't have enough money for the holiday we were planning in Canada. I'm going to
have ro ................................................ .
4 My best friend and I have always . ................. , through good times and bad times.
5 The boss's constant criticisms are really . .............................. me and I'm going to start
looking for another jobo

39 Persuading
Verbs with to/k and put
Y~
acrossJover around/round
into~
PUT
I(you ... men you ... example
put across/over 5th ar explain or express something clearly He's an excellent teacher. He puts his
put 5th across/over so that people understand it easily subject across/over so well.
put forward 5th ar state an idea or apinion, ar suggest The company has put forward a plan
put 5th forward a plan, so that it can be considered to build a new hotel in che city centre.
ar discussed
put 5th to sb suggest an idea ar plan to someone Your propasal is interesting. 1'11 put it
so they can consider ar discuss it to the committee tomorrow.
talk sb around/round persuade someone to agree with Dad won't let me go away with my
you ar to do what you want them friends, but Mum might be able to talk
to do him around/round.
talk sb into persuade someone to do something She talked me into going jogging every
sth/doing 5th which they may be unwilling to do day before work.
at first
talk sb out persuade someone not to do My sister wants to leave college but my
of sth/doing sth something parents are trying to talk her out of it.
Other verbs connected with persuading people

PRIME MINISTER CALLS FOR' WAR ON DRUGS
Minister brushes aside 2 opposition to new tax plan
UNION BOSS BRINGS EMPLOYER ROUND 3 TO PAY DEAL
Doctors press for- shorter working hours
CITY ROPES IN s LOCAL INDUSTRY TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT PLAN
"1 was jusI having lhe media on6 , and lhey fell for 7 il," says slar who faked his own dealh
I says he thinks a particular thing should be done, usually in order to change or improve a sitllatlO',
2 refuses to listen to what someone says, or refuses to think about something seriously
1 persuades someone to agree with you or to do what you want them to do
" try to persuade someone, usually someone in authority, to give you something or to allow
something ro happen
s (informal) persuades someone to help you with something, especially when they do not want ro
6 (informal) persuading someone that something is true when it is not, usually as a joke
7 were tricked into believing something that is not true
82 English Phrosol Verbs in Use

Exercises
39. I Choose the eorreet particle to complete eaeh sentenee.

1 The minister put the new proposal . . .............. the Prime Minister.
a) forward b) to e) aeross/over
2 1 was hoping to lea ve at 4 a.m., but my parents talked me ............................... it.
a) into b) round e) out of
3 Have you managed to tal k your dad .................................. lending you the money 10 buy a car yet?
a) into b) round e) out of
4 The new manager has sorne interesting new proposals that he wants to put ..
at the staff meeting tomorrow.
5 The leeturer was no good at putting his ideas .................................. and 1 found it impossible to
¡ his foUow his talk.
plan 6 My husband doesn't want to go skiing but 1 think I'U be able 10 talk him .................................. .
ntre, a) into b) around/round e) out of
39.2 Write the phrasal verbs presented on the opposite· page into one of these eategories.
It it
presenting an oPinion successfully persuading people·s reaaions to persuasion
or trying 10 persuade
y
talk
every
39.3 Read the sentenees below and answer the questions about them.
1 The headmistress brushed aside the parents' criticism that the children were being given
ut my too much homework.
t of it. How did she take the parents' criticism?
2 Brenda was just having Derek on when she said she was going to work in the USA.
Where is Brenda going 10 work?
3 The parents were roped in 10 help organise the school sports' day.
Did the parents decide that they wanted 10 help organise the sports' day?
4 Harry feU for Sarah's story that aU her money had been slOlen.
What do we leam about Sarah?
AL 5 The Party is caUing for eonstitutional reformo
Does the Party want constitutional reform or not?
39.4 Complete the text using phrasal verbs from the opposite page. Sometimes there is more than
one possible answer.
death
situatior If ~oo're o.. po!i.t:icib.n .................................................. (1) cl1""ge, ~oo're trHi>1g te ............................................... .
opponents ........................ .. .................... (2.) te ~oor "'~ of tI1i.nki>1g. y,," ",UL probo.b4¡ trH te d.o tI1i.6
b~ .................................................. (3) ~oor p!4ns o..s ~ o..s possibLe o.nd. ~oo'lL d.oc.<btLess o.Lso trH
te "se tI1e mea.u.. te ................................................. (4) tI1e cl1""ge5 tI1oJ; ~oo ",,,,,t. 1ntle.e<L, ~oo ",UL
................................................ (5) o..IL tI1e s"pporters ~oo can fi>1ci te l1eLp ~oo
fant tO otIlers ......................... (b) VoMg far ~oor proposo.Ls.
L

40 Praising and criticising
Praising and criticising
Max: Now rhar you've beeo io our compaoy for
a month, whar do you rhink of rhe orher
people io your deparrmeor?
David: WeU, rhere is ooe outstaodiog' persoo aod
rhar's Jessica. She's a firsr-class persooal
assisrant. She stands out2 from the orhers.
Max: That's good to hear. What abour Rick? Whar do you think of him?
David: He's very able, bur 1 wish he waso'r such a show-off'! I doo't koow who he's rryiog
to impress.
Max: Ir's rhe female staff, 1 think. He always shows off' more with womeo arouod.
David: Yes, 1 guess he's just a bit screwed-up 5. But otherwise his performance is fine - his
work certaioly measures Up6.
Max: So there are no real problems rhen?
David: WeU, I am very worried abour Sally. She seems to be screwing everythiog up' ar the
momento I'd had such good reports of her that it really surprised me. 1 tried askiog
her what she was playing at8 but she jusr bursr into tears.
Max: Why don't you have a word wirh Jessica? Perhaps she cao fiod out what's wrong.
, (adjecrive) extremely good, or of a very high standard
2 is much better thao other people or thiogs
3 (noun) person who tries ro impress in an annoying way
.. tries ro make people admire his abilities or achievements in a way orher people find annoying
5 (adjective, ioformal) coofused, uohappy about himself aod his life
6 is good enough
, (ioformal) makiog a mistake with everything, or damaging or spoiling everyrhing
8 (always used in the continuous form; always used in questions) doing;
when you ask what someone is playing 3t, you are surprised or angry abour their behaviour
Ways of criticising
If you lay into someone, you criticise or attack them io ao angry way.
The headmaster reaUy laid ioto the boys for arriviog io school so late.
If you pick on someone, you choose ooe persoo from a group of people to criticise or rreat
uofairly, especially when rhey are smaUer or weaker thao yOU.
Mark was a q uiet, studious child aod the big boys in rhe class used to pick 00 him.
If you run clown someone or something, or run someone or something down, you criticise
that person or thiog, ofreo unfairly.
Pam's big sister is always ruooing her down eveo though Pam is far cleverer than her.
If you hit back, you criticise or attack someooe who has criticised or attacked yOu.
Jack is coostaotly criticising his soos - l'm sure they'll hit back eventually.
If you take out something on someone or take something out 00 someooe, you treat someon,
badly beca use you are upset or aogry, eveo though they ha ve dooe nothing wrong.
Of course Mary is upset at losiog her job but she shouldn't take it out 00 her family.
If you rub somethiog in (ioformal), you talk to someooe about somethiog which they waot ro
forget beca use rhey feel bad about it.
I koow it was aU my fault. I just wish everyooe would stop rubbing it io!

Exercises
40. I In Ihe dialogue in A opposite there are three phrasal verbs whieh have related noun or
adjeetive forms. Write down the phrasal verbs and their related forms and explain the
conneetion between them.
40.2 Read these remarks by different people and then answer the questions below by writing the
eorreet name in the box.
1 decided 1 had 10 1 couldn't believe

defend myself against all how aggressively
trying the criticisms, so 1 did. she attacked me and
criticised me.
Rana Barry
- his
Everyone was He chose to
treating me badly beca use attack me beca use ['m
at the of what happened, but junior to him and can't
.sking 1 had no par! in it. defend myself.
Laura Ahmed
ong.
I wanted to forget He was always
the whole incident, but saying negative things
he insisted on reminding about me to other people;
'ymg me of it. it's just not right.
Antonia Julia
1 Who felt that someone was rubbing it in?
2 Who felt that someone was always running them down?
)ur
3 Who felt that they had to hit back?
4 Who felt someone had picked on them?
5 Who felt that people were taking it out on them?
6 Who felt that someone laid into them?
treat
40.3 Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets.
1 Dan won the prize as his short slOry was clearly the best. (STOOD)
clse 2 Molly got the sack because her work just wasn't good enough. (MEASURE)
3 What on earth does Gemma think she's doing - she's behaving so oddly? (PLAYING)
r. 4 I wish Ed wouldn't try 10 impress all the time! (SHOW)
5 If you make such a stupid mistake again, you'll lose your jobo (SCREW)
6 I know 1 was stupid but please don't remind me. (RUB)
7 Joe's father spoke very angrily to him for scratching his new caro (LAID)
Jmeone 8 Why does everyone always blame me for everything? (PICK)
iVant to

41 Exclamations and warnings
The exclamations and warnings on this page are aU typical of informal, spoken English.
Reactions and responses

Ahmed: 1 ¡ust wanted to ask you a couple of questions.
Sara: Fine. No ptoblem. Fire away! [something you say to teU someone you're ready fo r
them to start asking you questions, or to start speaking]
Hilary: Oh, everything is so awful at the momento
Petra: Oh, lighten up, wiU yo u! You'U make everyone as miserable as you! [so mething
you say to teU someone to stop being so serious or annoyed]
Vera: Joanna wants you to give a talk to her students next Monday.
Dan: Joanna? Next week? Hang on I hold on! Who's Joanna? Is she someone 1 know?
[something you say when you are confused or surprised by something and you
need time to think]
Kylie: 1 feellike kiUing Roger! I'm never, ever going to speak to him again!
Loroa: Steady oo! 1 know he acted stupidly, but he's not abad person reaUy. [something
you say to teU someone that yo u think what they are saying is too extreme]
Gary : You see, what 1 want to say is, weJl, 1 mean, it's like, er, ¡t's difficult to say it.
Ken: Come oo! Spit it out! What is it? [come on something yo u say to encourage
someone to do something you want them to do, especiaUy to hurry up, to try
harder, or to teU you something; spit it out something you say to encourage
someone to tell you something which they do not want to teU you]
Lou: Sorne of the students are very poor, and can'r afford textbooks.
Kate: Poor! Come off it! They have enough money for mobile phones. [something yo u
say to teU someone that you do not believe them or thar yo u disagree with them]
Cornrnands and warnings

example (amment
Step on ¡t! We're late. said to someone, especially someone who is driving, when
you want them to go faster
Watch out! I Mind out! I Look out! said to tell someone to be careful so that they can avoid
There's a car coming! danger or an accident
Go on! I Hurry up! We've not got all day! said to encourage someone te do something or to tell
someone to do something more quickly
You're doing very well! Keep it up! said to encourage someone to continue to do something,
especially to continue to work hard or well
[On the phone] Hold on. 1'11 get Mike for said to ask someone to wait a moment
you. It's best if you speak to him.
Belt up! I'm trying to listen to che radio. said angrily to someone to tell them to be quiet
I
Many of the exclamations here are very direct and may be considered impolite if you say them to
someone you don't know very well. Learn them so that you underscand them when you hear or read
them, but use them only with very great careo

,...
Exercises
,. 41 . 1 Divide the exclamations and warnings on the opposite page into these groups:
a) those that you could use to your boss or teacher
b) those that you could only use to close friends
dy fo r 41 .2 Choose the best response from those in the box to fit each of these dialogues.
Come off it! Lighten up! Steadyen! Mind out! Hold cn! Come en! Spit it out!
mg 1 Bart: What's the matter with you?

Candy: There's something I've got to tell you but, well, ¡ don't know where to begin.
Barr: ............................................................................... 1 haven't got all day.
lOW? 2 Paul: I'm sorry, ¡ just haven't had time to finish my essay. !t's taken me ages to get
:>u hold of the books J needed for it.
Teacher: ................................................................ There are plenty of copies in the library. And you could
have told me sooner if you had really been having problems.
hing 3 Tanya: Can ¡ speak ro your sister, please? .
Matt: .............................................................. I'll just go and see if she's in yet.
4 Bella: I'm never going to get all this work done. 1 hate my jobo
Sonya: .......................................................................... Ir won't take long if you hurry up a bit.
y
5 Anna: Look at the picture on the side of that lorry!
Tom: ............................................................ You're going ro hit the car in front of yo u!
6 Pat: That was a stupid thing to do. You're fired!
Mark: ............................................................ You know I'm one of your best workers.
you
1em] 7 Jim: Now ¡'ve been in the office for a month, I'd like to know if you are pleased
with my work. How am ¡ doing?
Rob: Very well! ............................................................ You'lI soon be getting a promotion.
41 .3 Answer the following questions.
'hen 1 Which exclamation on the opposite page is connected with the idea of shooting a gun?
2 Which exclamation is connected with the idea of pressing your foot down on the
acceleraror pedal of a car?
lid
3 Which exclamation is connected with the idea of forcing out the liquid in your mouth?
I
41.4 Divide the exclamations from the box below into pairs that have approximatcly the same
meaning. What is the basic meaning for each pair? Describe a situation when each pair of
expressions might be used.
dng,
Watch out! Hold on! Mind out! Hurry up! Step on it! Hang en!
read
Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use 87

42 The classroom and learning
Things the teacher says
With all the verbs in these examples, the particle can either go before or after the object,
e.g. give in your homework or give your homework in.
The teacher says ... The teacher wants:
Give/Hand in your ... the students to give her

their work che nex! day.
homework tomorrow, please.
. .. Rose to give each

Rose, give/hand out
student a worksheet*.
these worksheets, please.
. .. Jo to clean the board.

Jo, rub out what's
written on the board, please.
. .. che students to do sorne

Work out the answers
maths without using
without using a calculator.
calculators .
... che students to put a line

Cross out any rough work
through any rough work.
when you have found the answer.
. .. che students not to

Take care not ro miss out forget te answer any of the
any of the exam questions. exam questions.
"Sheets of paper that everyone in a class or lecture receives a copy of are called handouts. These
might be worksheets (i.e. have exercises on them) or they might contain a text or sorne reference
material .
....._ ___8 Other classroom phrasal verbs

Tamara was ill for a month and so she feU behind with her schoolwork. [failed ro do her
schoolwork by a particular time] She is going to find it difficult ro catch up. [reach the same
standard as the rest of the class]
Pupils often play up when a teacher is new or inexperienced. [behave badly]
Although Maggie had done good work throughout the year she messed up her exam. [did her
exam badly]
The teacher cleared the books from the table and spread out the map. [opened out something
that was folded]
I!I Listen carefully to instructions in English from your teacher and note down any phrasal verbs they use.
11 If you are no! sure what they mean, ask them for an explanation.

Exercises
42.1 Look at these pietures and write a sentenee to describe what the student is doing in eaeh case.
t, 1 3 5
~ her
,y.
2 4
rd.
sorne
42.2 Would Tim's parents be pleased or not if their son's teaeher told them the following?
1 Tim was playing up in elass last week.
a line
2 Tim messed up his homework.
rk.
3 Tim has been helping a dassmate who has fallen behind.
4 Tim has caught up with the rest of the elass.
5 Tim didn't hand in his homework.
If the 6 Tim missed out sorne important work.
42.3 Complete this story, using appropriate phrasal verbs from the opposite page. Write the verbs
"hese in the correet tense.
:ence Last term Cath missed three weeks of school and so she ................................................... (1) with her
studies. She did all she could ro try ro ................................................... (2) with the other students but she
couldn't manage. When it carne to the maths test at the end of term she just couldn't
................................................... (3) the answers. She spent all her time on half of the question paper and
er ................................................... (4) the other half, so inevitably she failed. Because she had
same ............................................. (5) the test, her parents decided she'd better ha ve a maths tutor over the
holidays. In this week's test she carne rop of the dass.
42.4 Rewrite these sentenees using more informal phrasal verbs instead of the underlined verbs.
:lid her 1 Students ofteo misbehave, when they are bored in elass.
2 The teacher era sed the oew words from the board and then tested uso
3 We have to submit our registratioo forms for the exam 00 Friday.
tething 4 1 usually omit my middle na me when 1 am filling io forms.
5 Sorne people were distributing leaflets about a demonstration in the rown centre.
, use. 42.5 Answer these questions using ful! sentences.

1 Why are you often asked to cross out rough work in an exam?
2 If a teacher gives out a sheet listiog all the kings aod queeos of Britain, is that a worksheet
or a handout or both?
3 Why do most pupils carry an eraser in their pencil cases?
4 How easy would ir be for you ro work out how maoy euros are equal ro 250 US dollars?
5 What do you thiok is the reason for pupils playing up io elass?
English Phrasaf Verbs in Use 89

43 Student life: courses and exams
Enrolling on courses
Look at this information leaflet for students at Welney College. Then look at how David
explains the system informally to a friend, using phrasal verbs. The numbers (1.2. etc.) help
you to match the phrasal verbs with their meanings.
Welney College \U
- - - - Promoting excellence - - - - David:
Autumn term ends' on 18 December. Spring - We break np' on 18 Deeember and go baek' on
term begins' on 8 january. 8 ]anuary, so we've got about a three-week break.
Students wishing to register for' spring term - But we've got ro sign upl for eourses for nexr
(ourses should do so before 12 December. term before 12 Deeember.
Any student not (ompleting a (ourse' will not - You have to go to all the leetures; if you drop
receive credits for that (oune. out' before the end, you don't get the eredits.
Come essays must b. submitted in a final - And you have to write ups your eourse essay and
form ' seven days before the end of a (ome. subrriit it a week before the eourse eods.
Studenu failing more than lO% of their total - If you fail 30% or more of your eourses, they
(oursework will be expelled' from the (ollege. throw you ont 6 of the eollege.
A. jobsworth, Academi( Administrator

l
Before an exam
Six tips tor exam success I continue to do something

2 practise and improve youe skills oc youe
• Keep your reading Upl during the term knowledge of something, usually
so that you have less to read just somerhing you lea roed in rhe past bur
befare the exam. have partly forgotten
• Brush up 00' sorne 01 the thiogs you 1 if a question or a subject comes up in an
leamt a long time ago; they may
exam, that question is asked or questions
possibly come Up3 in the exam.
• Don't just mug up' on the key points
about rhat subjeet are asked in rhe exam
you need lar the exam and hope that • (informal) quiekly rry ro learo the main
you'lI serape through S with little effort. faets about a subjeet, espeeially before an
• 00 the other hand, don't try to do exam (ofren + 00)
everything. Swottiog up' on everything 5 manage with a lot of diffieulty to sueeeed
you have done all term means you will in something
have to revise a lot of useless things , (informal) learning as much as you can
too. about something, especially before an
• Concentrate on polishing Up7 the mast exam (often + on)
important areas and your best ski lis.
7 practising and improving youe skills or
• Don't 1001 yoursell !ha! you'lI pass !he
your knowledge of somerhing
exam on the basis of what you've
picked Up8 during the lectures and
, learot by absorbing ir rather than
classes. You will need to revise! studying it
90 Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use

Exercises
43.1 Rewrite these sentenees using the words in braekets, so that they keep the same meaning.
j 1 I'm going to register for a eourse in statisties next year. (SIGN)
:Ip 2 Severa! students did not complete the Moral Philosophy eourse. (oRor)
3 Our eourse finishes on 20 June. (BREAK)
4 He was foreed to leave university after one termo He'd done no work at all. (THROW)
5 I ean't come out tonight. I have to have my essay finished for romorrow. (WRITE)
6 My next term at eollege starts on 12 September. (Go)
43.2 Whieh of these would make most students happy and why?
breaking up dropping out being thrown out
seraping through muggll1g up swotting up
ext
43.3 Choose the best phrasal verb from the opposite page to complete this letter.
rop
Co.tnbri.d.ge., 2.0 Jeme.
ayand Dwr AlA nt<.e. M""j,
At last my fi.rst ywr e.XOJIlS 1Ire. OV"". It's slAch o.. reU.e,f. 1 feeL G..$ j,f I've.
hey Jone. notl1"'9 btAt . (1) fer tI1e.m fer o..ge.s. A1.tI10lA9" I'ci
.......................................... (2.) ",W1 ",ork qlAL<e. ",elL cLur"'9 tI1e. ywr, 1 sl:ilJ. ne.e.cie.ci ro
.. ................... . .. (3) e.v""ytl1"'9 tI1o..t ",e. l1o..ci cov.,..e.ci, of GOtArse. . ForttAno..te!y,
e.v""ytl1"'9 tI1o..t 1 110pe.ci "'OlAtci ............................................... (4) '" tI1e. e.XOJIl p",,"" d..i.ci.
So 1 110pe. I've. Jone. Oi( o..nci 11000ve.n't jlAst .............................. (S). No", cúL 1 11000ve.
ro Jo i.6 (b) one. COlArse. G..$s'9nme.nt, ",l1i.c.11 1 ne.e.ci ro l1o..nci '"
by tI1e. e.nci of t...m.
We. Jon't (7) l:iIJ. tI1e. e.nci of tI1e. montl1 o..nci so 1 ",on't be.
110me. l:iIJ. tI1e.n. We. Jon't . . ............. (&) lAnf:iL tI1e. e.nci of Se.pte.mb.,.., so
OU[
ji'u. be. o.. IoveLy Ion9 bre.o..k. look fer"'IIrOv ro se.e.il"l9 yOlA soon.
t Love,
StAzo..nno..
1 an
:ions
43.4 Correet the ten phrasal verb mistakes in this paragraph. Either the wrong particles or the
,am
wrong verbs have be en used.
"n
'e an
Diek hardly worked up at aH for his exams. He brushed over 011 the history of the Freneh
Revolution, but no questions 011 the Freneh Revolution got up in the exam. He was afraid
:eeed that he would be thrown off university for failing his exams. However, he did ¡ust manage to
seratch through them and so he will be in college when we return back next termo He has
an promised to try to keep through with work next year as he is planning ro sign in for a couple
1
of quite difficult courses, including business studies. He'll have to polish over his Freneh
beca use the business studies eourse involves spending a term in France working in a business.
or He thinks he can ¡ust lift up the language when he gets there, but I think he should study it
before he goes beca use he only has school Freneh.
Go to the Mini dictionary at the end of this book and find more phrasal verbs with break. Is there a
common theme in their meaning? If so, what is ir?

44 Student life: reading and writing
Reading Now, your homework for the weekend. Can you al! please read up on'
air pollution for next week. You'l! find a good chapter in your
textbook on page 40, but you don't need to read it al! - just dip int0 2
it. Now please turn over' the worksheet on your desk. Jane, wil!
you please read out' the paragraph at the top of the sheet?
I read a lot about a particular subject in order 3 turn a page so that you can see the orher side
ro learn abour ir 4 read aloud
2 read small parts oE a book or magazine
Writing
write out 5th or - write something again in a better or Do your essay in rough first and then
write 5th out more complete way write it out.
- write something on a document, The doctor wrote out a prescription
e.g. a cheque or a prescription, so tor sorne sleeping tablets.
that it can be used
note down 5th or write words or numbers, often so that Note down your password
note 5th down you do noc forget them somewhere safe.
jot down 5th or write something quickly on a piece of Jack jotted down Sue's address on a
jat 5th down paper so that you remember it scrap of papero
scribble down 5th or write something very quickly on a The lecturer spoke so fast that I could
scribble 5th down piece of paper only scribble down a few notes.
make out 5th or write all the necessary information on If you have time to wait, we could
make 5th out an official document, e.g. a cheque, an make out your airline ticket now.
application, a ticket
fill in sth or fill sth in write all the necessary information on Please fill in this registration form and
an official document, e.g. a form return it by 18 September.
fill out sth or write all the necessary information on Let's fill out this questionnaire
fill sth out an official document, e.g. a form together.
Improving a piece of writing

Dad: Your essay's good but I think it would be better if you cut out' rhis paragraph here.
AIso it'd be a good idea to add a paragraph surnrning Up2 your main points at the
end. This paragraph here is a bit strong - why not tone it down' a
bit? And your point about crime crops up' in several places - why not
deal with it in just one paragraph? And you only touch on5 the issue
of government control. Surely that deserves a bit more space? In fact 1
really think you should try to set the whole thing out' better!
Son: Why don't you just write it then, Dad!
I removed 5 mention briefly (also touch upon)
2 describing briefly the most important points 6 give all the details or explain c1early,
3 make ir less critical or offensive especially in writing
'" appears

Exercises
44.1 Match the verhs on the left with an ohject from the right. There may he more than one answer.
1 scribble down a) a subject
2 make out b) a book or an artide
3fill in/out c) the page
4jot down d) a rough draft of an essay
5note down e) the times of the trains to London
!r side 6write out f) the answer you have written
7read up on g) a form or a questionnaire
8 dip into h) a few very quick notes
9 read out i) someone's phone number on a piece of paper
10 turn over j) a cheque for €250
44.2 Use the phrasal verhs from exercise 44.1 to complete these sentences. Write the verhs in the
correct formo Tbere may he more than one possihle answer.
hen
1 1 get nervous when [ have to . .... . what ['ve written in class.
Ition 2 [haven't read the book in detai!. [ just .. ..................... it.
3 The police officer just managed to quickly . ....................................... the registration number
of the car before it drove away at high speed.
4 ['ve made sorne notes for my speech; now [' m going to . . ..... in full.
5 Could you ............................................... the cheque to 'Wilson and Ca.' please?
6 There are three forms to . ................................. for this visa application. (two answers)
>na 7 We should ................................................... the departure times for f1ights to Río de Janeiro.
8 [' ll have to ................................... international law for the exam.
:ould 9 Now .............................................. and let's see what's on the next page.
10 Hang on, 1'11 just ................................................... your address in case 1 forget it.
44.3 Look at this student essay, and the teacher's comments in the margino Then complete what
'. the teacher might say to the student using phrasal verhs from the opposite page.
I and , lloJeh il>iS ""fu"'- The problems of pollution in the world cannot be
.2. YO\J O(\~ IY'Mf'íOI\ solved overnight, since smoke from factories is a
il>iS
M itS ""
J' bri'-&, necessary evil, and cars and planes will always be noisy.
Cleaning the environment is expensive.
i~""t iSSú<.
3 1hiS is too stro~'
Jllml:Je jets make mere pelllltien ami neise than ether
, 1hiS poiot ho.s p!afle5.,(]) People's health is affected.<6l Governments are
!re. 01- 6 OPpwrod completely stupid on questions of the environment.@
.e OI\CL il\ jOlJ(" tsS~ . It is very expensive to improve the environment.@
a 5 ~""~ owkJ . ..®
y not
isue
fact I
['ve put a line through this sentence; you should . . .... (1).
And you only ......................................... (2) the question of health; you should
have written more. AIso you should ............................................ (3) what you say
about governments; it's too strong. Then this last point has already
............................................... (4) once; you don't need to repeat it. And finally, the
essay ends too suddenly. You should .............................................. (5) your argumenrs.

45 Work: jobs and career
Talking informally about your work or career
Well, to get abead l in a job like mine you I be successful in your job
have to be prepared to take on2 a lot of 2 accept a particular job or responsibility
responsibiliry and work long bours.
When the boss first took me on 3 he 3 began to employ me

filled me in· on what the job involved, '" gave me the information 1 needed in
but be didn't tell me 1 would have to order to do something
do so much travelling!
Well, 1 stood down' as Chairman in 5 lefr an importanr job or official position

1998, and Mary Wilmott took over6 . so thar someone else can do ir instead
As you all know, she has carried out' 6 started doing a job or being responsible
sorne important reforms in tbe company for something thar someone else was
and has been very successful. doing or was responsible for before you
7 done or completed somerhing, especially
something important
I'm 60 now, so 1 think it's time for 8 leave your job, especially so that
me to step down' and band over' someone else can do ir
to a younger persono 9 give someone else responsibility OI
control
More work-related phrasal verbs

Ellen: Frances, do you tbink you could fix up a staff meeting for me? [provide or
arrange sometbing for someone]
Franees: Yes, I'll do tbat. Wben were you tbinking of?
Ellen: Well, let's pencil it in for Friday morning and see whether everyone else is free
then. [arrange for sometbing to bappen on a particular date, knowing the
arrangement migbt be changed later]
Keith: Why are you back borne already? Did you knock off early today? [informal: stop
working, usually at the end of a day]
Bob: 1 wisb 1 could say that. The trutb is I've just been laid off. [lost your job beca use
there is no work for you to do, from the verb lay off someone]
Keith: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.
Veronica: Did you ever follow up that phone call you had with the oil company? [do
something in arder to make the effect of an earlier action or thing stronger or
more certaio]
Jim: No, 1 really should do something about it.
Mona: !t's amazing how much we can get done wben we all pull togetber, isn't it? [work
as a group in order to achieve something]
Ricky: Yes, althougb sometimes it's also good if people just leave you to it. [informal:
go away from someone so that tbey do something by tbemselves or so tbey can
continue wbat they are doing]

Exercises
45.1 Write down phrasal verbs from the opposite page which are:
a) connected with finishing work (four answers)
b) connected with making arrangements (two answers)
)ility
45.2 Complete this text, using verbs or particles from the opposite page.
J ill has been .............................. (1) on more and more

n responsibility at work. She was only taken
.......... ..... .. ........ (2) two years ago but she has already
managed to .................................. (3) out a very sueeessful
reorganisation of offiee proeedures. Her boss just
sition .... ... .. (4) her to it and Jill then filled him
,ad .................................. (5) when she had arranged everything.
lsible She has always been very good at getting people to
as
, you . ... ... . . . . . .. (6) together and at motivating th·em. She's
,cially someone who will really get .................................. (7) and make a sueeessful eareer. In faet
I'm sure that when lhe boss eventually ............................. (8) down, he'lI .... (9)
over the running of the eompany to her. He can be sure it will be in safe hands!
45.3 Write suitable answers to the questions below, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 Shall I tell you what's been going on while you were on holiday?
Yes, please ..
2 Could you deal with the letrers we've had in response to our advert?
Certainly, I'I! ..
3 Could you arrange an appointment for me with the bank manager?
,e Yes, 1'11 ............................... .
4 Why did you stand down as Director?
We1l, I've been doing it for years and I thought it was time to ...................................................................... .
5 Can we arrange a meeting for some time next week?
stop Sure, why don't we ..
ause 45.4 Answer these questions about your own working life, using fuI! sentences.
1 What kind of tasks do you have to carry out each day?
2 At what time do you knock off each day?
3 Do you know anyone who has ever been laid off?
4 What qualities do you think you need to get ahead in the ¡ob that you do?
)r
5 What did you do to get taken on for the ¡ob that you now have?
work
al,
:an

46 Work: being busy
Being busy
Nick: [haven't seen you for ages. Have you been a bit tied up' at work?
Tim: Yes, ['ve been incredibly busy. [ was away for a conference and the work just piled
up' while [ was away. 1've been snowed under 3 ever since. Although [ slave away' till
seven at night and even work at weekends, [ still can't seem ro catch up with5
everything!
Nick: Sorry, [ asked!
, been so busy that you are unable ro see or speak ro anyone e/se or go anywhere (informal)
, became more and more (used of something unpleasant, e.g. work, bilis or debts)
J had so much work to do that [ have problems dealing with it
4 work very hard with little or no rest
s do something you did not have time ro do earlier
Working hard
Ray: How are things going for you at work at the moment, Stella?
Stella: Well, we're branching out' into a new product line - children's c10thes - so 1'm pretty
busy. At the moment 1'm working on' sorne new designs for leisurewear. We're
working towards 3 having a complete range for children of all ages. !t's quite difficult
but ['m sure 1'11 develop sorne good designs if [ keep at' it.
Ray: Well, you always were good at sticking at5 things.
Stella: Well, 1'd certainly rather do a project myself than have ro chase up· other people ro
make sure they're doing what they promised ro do. But sometimes you have to do
that just to keep things moving along7 •
Ray: Do you think you could squeeze ina lunch with me sometime?
Stella: Mm, possibly, but not till next week.
Ray: That's fine. But don't try ro wriggle out of 9 it at the last minute!
, starting ro do something different from what you usually do
2 spending time working in order to produce something
3 trying hard to achieve
4 continue working hard at something difficult or
something which takes a long time
s continuing ro work hard at something even though
it is hard or takes a long time
, ask people ro do something that they said they
would do but have not done yet
7 deve/oping in a satisfactory way
8 manage to see someone or do something when you
are very busy and do not have much time available
9 avoid doing something that other people think Mr Benbow stuck at his ;ob in the g/lIe
you should do, often in a dishonest way (informal) factory for 25 years before retiring.
I
When phrasal verbs have very strong visual images associated with the verbs they are made from, for
at and wriggle out, try to picture the meaning of the verb alone to help you
example squeeze in, stick
remember the meaning of the verb and partide together.
96 Eng/ish Phrasa/ Verbs in Use

Exercises
46.1 Which phrasal verbs in A opposite do tbese pictures make you think of? Write the correct
phrasal verb under each one.
~d 1 3
• till
lfetty
icult
46.2 Use the phrasal verbs from exercise 46.1 to rewrite these sentences. Use each phrasal verb
~ to once only.
lo
1 ['ve been working incredibly hard in a restaurant to pay for my studies.
2 Sorry, 1 was incredibly busy aUlast week, so 1 couldn't go to any of the meetings.
3 Paperwork has just increased and increased recently. 1 don't know where to start.
,
)
46.3
4
2
3
['m sorry 1 can't do the report this week. ['m just so terribly busy.
Complete these sentences using the correct partides.
1 ['ve been working aU day .............................. this essay and 1 stiU haven't finished it.
Whenever there's a difficult task ro do she always tries ro wriggle .
Why should we slave .
............ it.
.. tiU we're 65 and get nothing but a smaU pension?
4 Could we squeeze . .. a quick meeting before lunch?
~•
5 1 must catch ................... housework before my visitors arrive this weekend.
46.4 Each line of the text below contains one mistake with a phrasal verbo Cross out the incorrect
word and write the correct word in Ihe box next lo thal line.
1 need ro chase,,* Gerald's report so that we can tAp

keep things moving away with Ihe European sales
'e glue campaign. 1 know he's been working in it and 1
'g. know he's been working upwards the same goals
lor as aU of us ro branch up into new markets in Europe,

u
but he's not good at sticking for things and you
need ro keep in it with campaigns like this one.

47 Money: salaries, bilis, payments
Formal and informal
Many phrasal verbs ha ve more formal, non-phrasal equivalents.
phrosal verb more formal meaning example

equivalent
take out 5th or withdraw get money from a bank 1 took € 100 out at the ATM
take 5th out yesterday.
You mar not withdraw more
than €500 in 24 hours.
cut back 5th or reduce decrease che amount of money The government is cutting
cut sth back that is being spent on back on che educatian budget.
something The educatian budget is to be
reduced next rearo
pay back sth/sb or repay pay someone che money that Lend me ten pounds and ,'11
pay sth/sb back you owe them pay you back tomorrow.
Poor countries find it very
difficult to repay their debts.
come to 5th total be a particular total when The bill for che meal carne to
amounts or numbers are added $86 all together.
together Healthcare expenditure totalled
$120 billion last year.
Paying bilis and debts

1 won't pay off the mortgage on my house until 2024. [pay back all the money you owe]
My tax bill has arrived. 1 have to pay up by 30 December. [pay money that you owe,
especially when you do not want to]
My kids ran up a phone bill of t:400! [caused you ro owe a large amount of money]
1 know 1 already owe you €20. Can you lend me another 20 and I'll seltle up with you when
1 get paid next week. [pay someone the money that you owe them]
Other verbs connected with money

I've beeo offered a chance to go to New Zea land next
I keeping money so that 1 can buy
year. So l've started saving Upl already. l'm trying to ser something with it in the future
aside2 a fixed amount each month so rhar 1'11 have enough.
2 use money for one purpose and
no olher purpose
] accept rhar an amount of money
It was a terrible holiday. Everything went wrong.
has been lost
And ir cost us $900, but 1 guess we'lI have ro just
• it will not be returned
write rhar offl. We won't get ir back4 .
5 giving something to somebody
without asking for payment
They were giving aways free tickets at rhe Concert Hall 6 bought something when you
today and 1 got one. Then I was in a bookshop buying a have gone lo a place to do
magazine and 1 picked up6 a book 00 Italian cookery at a something else
knoekdown' priee. It had been redueed from $20 ro $15. , (adjective) very cheap

Exercises
47.1 Rewrite these sentenees, using the word in braekets so that they keep the same meaning.
1 The suspeeted criminal withdrew aU the money from his bank aeeount and has not been
seen sinee. (TAKE)
2 As his girlfriend is in Australia, he has a huge phone biU every month. (RUN)
3 The biU for the books we ordered IOtaUed $40.85. (COME)
4 1 lent him €lOO ayear ago and he stiU hasn't repaid me. (PAY)
5 Now that I've lost my ¡ob we're going to ha ve 10 reduce what we spend on our weekly
, trip 10 the supermarket. (CUT)
6 If you pay the restaurant biU with your eredit eard, I'U give you my share latero (SETTLE)
47.2 Complete this e-mail using words from the box.
!t.
aside back down off up
e
,-
Hi Marc,
"ve got sorne exciting news.At last I've saved .................................. (1) enough money to come
and visit you in Canada. What's more, my parents have agreed to write .................................. (2)
the money I borrowed from them when I was at university.They think they will get it
:0
.................................. (3) one day when I'm rich and famous! Anyway,l've been setting
................................ (4) money for the trip all year and at last 1 can afford it.l've heard you can
lIed
get tickets at knock.................................. (5) prices on the Internet so 1'11 try and do that.
Looking forward so much te seeing you soon,
Jane
47.3 Choose the correet word from a-d to complete the text below.
My finaneial situation is in a bit of abad way at the momento First of aU 1 owe my brother
;vhen sorne money and he says 1 have to pay .................................. (1) before the end of the month. I've
.................................. (2) up so many other biUs that 1 don't know how I'm going 10 pay them
.................................. (3). 1 wanted to seU my ear, but it's so old and rusty that 1 ean't even
............................... (4) it away. At work they're threatening to .................................. (5) baek our
opportunities for overtime. 1 don't know what 1'11 do then.
n buy
ture 1 a) baek b) up e) off d) out
and 2 a) cut b) saved e) run d) pieked
3 a) baek b) up e) off d) out
l10ney 4 a) glve b) settle e) take d) write
5 a) pay b) knock e) set d) cut
47.4 Answer these questions, using fuU sentenees.
ody
t 1 What, if anything, are you saving up for?
oU
2 How mueh money do you usuaUy take out at a eash maehine?
3 What would you expeet the biU for a night in a hotel in your eountry 10 come lO?
4 Do you have any big debts and, if so, when do you hope to pay them off?
5 What sorts of things might you piek up at a flea market?

48 Money: buying and selling
Shopping and buying goods
Tom: That leather bag's t120. Shall I see if he'll seH it eheaper?
Lily: Yes, why don't you try and beat him down to tlOO.
[make someone reduce the priee of something]
Jill: Did you manage to get that ear you wanted for a lower priee?
Sandy: Yes, the dealer knoeked 10% off the priee beca use I offered to pay eash.
[redueed the priee by a eertain sum]
Nora: This is a niee old vase. Is it an antique?
Beryl: Yes it is, but I pieked it up for €30. !t was a real bargain.
[bought it at a eheap price]
Fran: !t would be niee to buy something for our teaeher now that the course is ending.
Paco: Yes, we should club together and get her some flowers or a niee gift.
[put our money together as a group]
Larry: I'm not going to buy s!Uff at those gift shops again. They really ripped me off
last time.
[informal: cheated me by making me pay too much]
Sue: Yes, a lot of those tourist shops are a real rip-off. You can get the same things in
ordinary shops for half the price.
[noun: from the verb rip off]
Martin: Shall we buy the TV set here? !t's a big store.
Pilar: No, let's shop around a bit. They may be eheaper somewhere else.
[Iook at different shops and compare prices]
Aaron: Mick is selling Madonna's autograph for $20. Should I buy it?
Ritchie: If I were you I'd snap it up. It eould beco me very valuable in the future.
[slighdy informal: buy it quiekly beca use the priee is good]
Meg: The car failed its annual test yesterday. Two of the tyres are bad ly worn.
Simon: Oh no! Now we ha ve to fork out for two new ones!
[informal: pay for something, especially when you do not want to)
B Other buying verbs

- - Learn these verbs in pairs to help you remember them.
We should stock up on fruit and vegeta bies and not buy so much junk food. [buy large
quantities of]
We should never skimp on healthy Eoods. [spend too little money on or use too little ofj
We splashed out [spent a lot oE money on something we didn't really need) on lots oE new
furniture last month and ran up [caused ourselves to ha ve to pay] a huge bill.
They're selling off printers at half priee at the eomputer store. [selling to get rid of them)
Shall we go and look at them right away in case they seH out? [have none left)
I
Sometimes you meet pairs af phrasal verbs which you can link together into one sentence or a pair af
. connected sentences, as in section B on this page. Try to learn as many pairs af phrasal verbs in this way
because it wi ll help you to remember them more easily.

Exercises
48.1 FiII the gaps with appropriate verbs &om the opposite page.
1 He wanted $2000 for his old car but I managed to ........................................ .... .. hirn down to
$1800.
2 We're going to have to ................................................... out a lot of money this year; the kitchen needs
a new floor and the roof needs to be repaired.
3 We mustn't ................................................ on the food and drink for the party. We don 't want our
fri ends to think we're poor!
4 l. . up a nice old book about rny village in a second-hand bookshop. It
was only two pounds.
5 The tickets for the rock concert are bound to ................................................. out really quickly. I
think we should go to the box office first thing in the morning .
.g.
48.2 Answer the questions below using phrasal verbs &om the box.
splash out (on sth) club together stock up (on sth) knock off shop around
1 Most shops will be closing for about five days .over the public holiday. What can you do
to make sure you have enough food in the house?
m 2 Your sofa and armchairs are beginning to look very old. You ha ve sorne money you'd like
to spend . What could you do?
3 You want to buy your friend's bicycle but you think the price is too high. What could you
ask your friend to do?
4 You want to buy a DVD player, but the prices seem to be very different for the same
model in different shops. What should you do?
5 Your classmate Sara is ill in hospital and you think it would be nice to send her a bunch of
flowers from the whole class. What could you suggest?
48.3 Correet the mistakes with the phrasal verbs in these sentenees. There is one mistake in each
sentence.
1 She became an Internet addict and ran into a huge telephone bil1.
2 We were ripped out in that restaurant. They charged us for four desserts when we only
had two.
3 He sold over his share in the business and went travelling round the world .
4 When he offered me his tennis racket for only $10 I snapped it off beca use it was still in
excellent condition.
5 We had to fork for a new washing machine beca use our old one broke down .
48.4 Answer these questions about nouns formed from phrasal verbs. Use a dietionary if
w
1 necessary.
1 On the opposite page, you are shown the noun form of one of the phrasal verbs. Which
one is it?
2 Look at the box be1ow. Which of these phrasal verbs from the opposite page also ha ve
noun forms, and if so, what do the noun forms mean? Use a dictionary if necessary.
skimp on pick up sel! off sell out

rol
¡way

49 Business
Starting and doing business
Tim Benson started Up' his own business in his first year 1 created (a business or other
at university. He set up2 a small company hiring out) organisarion)
bicyc1es to other students. He was very successful and 2 started (a company or
organisation)
c1aims that his profits ran into4 thousands of euros a
, allowing people to use for
month, a lot of money for a student. As a spin-offs he used a short time in exchange fo r
to sell cycling clothes and money
equipment to the students and 4 reached a particular level
that also was a good earner for 5 (noun) extra business in
him. '1 was really happy with sorne way related ro an
earlier sllccessful business
that set-up6', says Tim, 'as 1
, (nouo) business
loved cycling myself. ' arrangement
B Ups and downs in business

Read this conversation abour Ken's business activities.
Bob: Doesn't Ken own his computer business any more?
Rita: No, he sold Up' and used the money to buy a small chain of dothing outlets'-
Bob: Really? Has he done well?
Rita: Yeso His turnover' was so big he managed to take over4 a jewellery company that had
been a success but was winding down s beca use of bad management. They were no
longer able to pay for the upkeep' of the sto res.
Bob: Wow! How much did he ha ve to pay of his own money?
Rita: Well, he poured a lot of money into' it - he puts it ata around a mili ion - but he
saved it from going under' and it's making a profit now. In fact he says the profit on
wedding rings alone runs to'O several millions. He says he's glad he decided to risk the
takeover .
"
Bob: So he's a rich man now then?
Rita: He's very rich, but you know something? He still drives around town in that old car
of his!
1 sold a business (or house) in order ro go and , (noun) cost or process of keeping a building
do something else (or live somewhere el se ) OI something in good condition
2 (noun) shops 7 provided a lot of money for something over
3 (noun) amount of money or business made a long period
by a company in a period of time 8 roughly calculares at a particular amount
4 get control of a company by buying most of , failing financially
¡ts shares 10 reaches a particular amoullt, usually a large
s gradually reducing the amount of work being amount
done until it closes completely 11 (noun) act of gaining control of a company
I
Business English uses a number of specific phrasal verbs that are either rarely used in other contexts.
e.g. to start up. to seU up. or are used in other contexts with different meanings. e.g. to turn over.lf you
have a particular interest in Business English. make a special collection of these as you come across them.

Exercises
49. 1 Match the stories 1-6 with the headlines a-e below,
1 The company has decided to wind down its operations in South America and to
other concentra te on its ...
2 The company was concealing massive debts, but reached a point where it was bound to go
under,
3 The takeover of Westin Engineering by Civic Technologies is to take place after all, it was
e for announced today.
1ge fO r 4 A company spokeswoman said profits were now running into six figures. She confirmed
that ...
,ve! 5 Mr Donaldson has decided to sell up and retire to the south of France after 45 years in the
In business.
Ln 6 The lightweight clothes are a spin-off of space technology that sent men to the moon in the
ness 1960s and 1970s.
a) COMPANY FOUNDER TO REALISE BIG PROFIT AFTER LONG CAREER
b) Company announces eight million euro profit
c) Company benefils froro decades-old science
d) Company lo close overseas factories
e) COMPANIES WILL JOIN TO MAKE HUGE CORPORATION
f) Company financial crash was inevitable
49.2 Complete Ihese dialogues using phrasal verbs from Ihe opposile page so Ihal Ihe second
speaker agrees with and repeats more or less whal the firsl speaker says,
t had
1 Gus: The government has put huge sums of rnoney into agriculture.
LO
Henry: Yes, they've been ....
2 Lotta: 1 seem to remember Hugh Morris began his business about ten years ago.
Jan: Yes, you're righl. He . . ................................. .
ton
3 Ruth: 1 would estimate thal they've lost around five million euros Ihis year.
,k the
Jamie: Yes, I'd . .................................................................................................... ,
4 Pauline: 1 hear Macron are establishing a branch in Oslo.
car Lianne: Yes, they're .
5 Helen: All the repairs on the old building are incredibly expensive.
lding Fiona: Yes, the ..
49.3 Complete these sentences using words from Ihe box.
oyer
hire out turnover take over cudet run to set-up

nt
1 Big companies often ................................................... small ones.
large 2 These shops ................................................... power tools by the hour.
3 Lasl year Iheir ..... . ....... was $10 million.
4 A new sportswear ................................................... has opened on the edge of town.
5 1 couldn't work there; Ihe . ................... didn't appeal to me at aH.
¡,
6 The cost of rebuilding could . .... a mili ion pounds.
:hem.

50 Telephoning
Conversations on the telephone
Client: Can I speak to Mr Jones, please?
Secretary: I'm afraid Mr J ones is in a meeting.
Client: OK, I'l! cal! back' latero
Client: Could you put me through 2 to Kathryn Parker, please?
Receptionist: May 1 ask who's cal!ing?
Client: It's David Brown. We were talking a few minutes ago
but got cut off'.
Sarah: Jt's a very bad line, isn't it? ~
Paul: Do yOil think sorneone is listening in4 ;. . . ~
00 OUT conversation? --- 7í .
Sarah: I think one of the kids must ha ve picked up the
extension upstairs. Jan, are you there? Put the phone down S please.
I telephone someone for the second time, or ring someone who rang you earlier
2 conneet a telephone caller to the persoo they want to speak to
] were stopped frcm continuing the phone conversarian beca use the connection broke
... secretly listening ro a conversarian
s put the part of the phone that you speak imo back into its usual position
Conversations about telephoning

Husband: Have you found out about costs for repairing the central heating yet?
Wife: No, I phoned around a couple of companies. [telephoned several people, often
in order to find out information]
Husband: And?
Wife: No-one was there so I left messages on the answering machines. But none of
them ha ve got back to me yet. [talked to someone, usual!y to give them
information that you were not able to give them before]
Husband: Wel!, if they don't ring back [telephone someone who rang you earlier] soon,
you'd better try phoning up [telephoning] a few more places.
Hotel guest: If I want to dial out, do I have to dial anything first? [use a telephone to cal!
someone not in the same building]
Receptionist: Yes, dial 9 and wait for the tone. Then you can dial an outside number.
Luigi: Do you find ir hard to get through to your parents in Tonga? [manage to talk
to someone on rhe telephone]
Marie: Not usual!y, but it's very expensive so I don't cal! them often. My mum talks
to me and then puts my dad on [give someone the telephone so that they can
speak to the person who is on it], and he then puts me on to al! my brothers
and sisters. I can never get them to hang up [end a phone cal! by replacing the
part of the phone that you are speaking into, usual!y suddenly] and I don't
want to ring off [end a phone cal! by replacing the part of the phone that you
are speaking into] either.
Husband: I don't feel very wel! today. I've got a terrible headache.
Wife: Oh dear. You'd better ring in sick then. [telephone someone at your place of
work to explain why you are not there]

Exercises
50.1 Rewrite the underlined words using a phrasal verb from the opposite page.
1 Hotel operator: If yo u want ro make a call outside of the hotel, yo u have to dial 9 first.
2 lt's difficult ro get a connection ro the cusromer helpline in the mornings.
3 I'm sorry, he's out right now. Can yo u phone again at about five o'clock?
4 Carole telephoned the office to say she's not feeling well.
5 Joanne: Hi Uncle Jack, it's Jo. How's everything?
Uncle: Hi! Fine thanks. J ust a minute, 1'11 give the phone ro your aunt so you can tell
her all the news.
6 1'11 phone you with my response in a few days.
50.2 Complete the word puzzle. 1
S 2 3
6 4
Down
1 Can 1 speak ro Mr Walsh again please? 1 was speaking to him and we were
often ................................................... off.
2 Hi, 1've been meaning ro . ............... you up for ages, but 1 couldn't find your
number.
, of 3 Helio, are you still there? Helio? 1 think she's just .. ..................................... off.
4 Whoever it was, they just .. . ......... up; it must ha ve been a wrong number.
Ion,
Across
5 Why don't you phone Karen . ............. and invite her ro the party.
6 Could you put me . ... ro the sales department please?
:all 7 1 can hear funny noises. Do you think someone's . . ........................................ in on our call?
•
50.3 Here are sorne more phrasal verbs which you may need ro use in connection with
telephoning, especially when using a mobile phone. What do you think they mean? Use a
talk dictionary if necessary.
speak up hold on break up switch off charge up
tlks
can 50.4 Use the phrasal verbs from exercise 50.3 to answer these questions. Use each verb once.
lers 1 How could you explain ro a friend why they couldn't reach you on your mobile phone
g the when they tried to?
't 2 How could you tell someone you're speaking ro on a mobile phone that the signal is very
: you bad and you ha ve difficulty understanding what they're saying?
3 How could you ask someone to speak louder beca use there's a lot of background noise?
4 How could you ask someone if they have enough electrical power in their mobile phone
of before they go off on a trip?
5 How could you ask someone to wait and not put the phone down while you have to
interrupt the call for sorne reason?

51 Feelings
Feelings go up and down
up and down phrasal verbs connected with feelings often refer to positive (up T) and negative
(down !) emotions and emotional events, or a more emotional intensity (up T) or less
emotional intensity (down !).
UP DOWN
example meaning example meaning

Brighten up, will you! suddenly laok or feel She broke down when was unable to control
You're depressing happier she was told the bad her feelings and
everyone! news. started to cry
The film cheered us made us start to feel Calm down! Losing stop feeling angry.
up considerably. happier your temper won't upset. or excited
salve the problem.
There's no point in becoming very worried
being hung up about about something and I need sorne time to become calmer
it; there's nothing we spend a loe of time . cool down befare I
can do. thinking about it can see him again.
(informal)
More verbs connected with feelings - examples from horoscopes
LEO ***********************
SCORPIO ******************** You may be unwilling at first to take part in an
There's sometrung you need to tell someone that activity suggested by a close friend, but ta!k
is making you very angry, so don't boltle up' about it, and you may warm 105 it a bit more. In
your emotions. If you do, there is a danger that fact, the idea could soon grow on6 you and you'll
you will lear yourself aparll find yourself doing sometrung you never
expected to do and laking lo' it enthusiastically.
, not allow yourself to show or talk about your s beco me more enthusiastic abour an idea
feelings, especially feelings of anger and sadness 6 you like something more and more, although you
(informal) did not like it at first (informal)
2 make yourself feel very unhappy 7 starting ro like ir
r --
~RGO ********************* GEMDU ********************
A letter or e-mail will make your heart beat You Ceel Cor" a female colleague at work who
faster, but don't gel carried away3; proceed seems to have so many problems and hang-
carefully. At work trungs are getting better, and Ups9, but be careful; yon could soan become
you should jump al 4 the chance of a new more involved than you want to. She will have to
challenge wruch will be offered to you soon. pull herself logelher'o sooner or later; it's her
life, not yours.
3 become so excited abour something that you do nor 8 feel sorry for someone who is unhappy Oc in a
control what you say or do and you forget about difficult situation
everything e1se 9 fee lings of embarrassment or fear abour somerhing,
<4 eagerly accept a chanee ro do or ha ve something often when it is not necessary to feel tha! way
(informal)
10 become calm afrer being very upset or angry
l 06 English Phrasal V.rbs in Use

Exercises
5 1.1 Read the sentenees below. Decide whieh people are experieneing positive feelings and whieh
Ltive are experieneing negative feelings.
1 Jill broke down when the doctor told her the results.
2 George is beginning to take to the idea of moving to Boston.
3 Sue has more hang-ups than anyone el se 1 know.
4 Henry should ealm down or he'lI make himself il!.
5 Mike has eheered up a lot sinee 1 last saw him.
6 Mary doesn't seem to be able to pull herself together.
'01 7 Ken is very inclined to botde up his emolÍons.
8 Anna has brightened up eonsiderably sinee this morning.
5 1.2 Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentenees, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 The news that 1 didn't have to do the exam after al! made me feel happier.
2 Look, Joe. Try to be less angry! Getting angry won't solve the problem.
3 When she heard of her friend's death she lost control of her feelings and wept.
4 She worries so mueh about silly little problems at work.
5 1 wish you'd be a bit more eheerful! You're making me feel depressed!
5 1.3 Match the statements on the left with the mosl appropriate response on the right.
1 That new quiz show is growing on me now. What more can we do to eheer her up?
2 Would you like to try snowboarding? 1 know - 1 do feel for them both.
3 Tom's marriage problems are tearing him aparto Yes, 1'm beginning to warm to it too.
4 Sam is so hung up about failing his exam. Don't get earried away!
5 If 1 win the lottery, 1'11 buy a flat in New York Yes, 1 hope he pul!s himself together
and one in Rio and ... before his next attempt.
6 1 wish Sue would brighten up a bit. Sure, I'd jump at the ehance.
n
• '11 5 I .4 Complete this letter, using verbs or partides from the opposite page .
,;"' -1-
Uy. Dear AngelA,
I nope. tl1i.ngs oxe. OK. .,itI'l H"".
We.'ve. be.e.n no.vi.ng q~i.te o. d.i,ffi.wLt tiroe. nere.. Jtm lost nis job. Mter 2.0 Hears tl1ere. ne.
)U
.................. (1) M.,n .,ne.n ne. .,o.s toLd.. It sWY>ed. to ................................................ (2.)
ntm o.po.rt o.na, ne. no.s founa, it V"'H noxa, to ................................................... (3) ntmseU toge.tl1er.
Ho.,e.ver, tl1o.n1:: goo<ine.ss, ne. Me.s SWY> to be. bri9nte.ni.ng ..................... ......................... (4) o. bit
no.,. He's eve.n begi.nni.ng to to.ke ................................. (5) tl1e i<ieo. of cl.omg o. retro.i.ni.ng
,* crurse. Mo.r!:I .,o.s v"'H o.ng"H o.t tl1e "'''lJ ner fo.tI1er no.<i be.e.n I:reo.ted. - sne
................... (b) far ntm so m~cI1. SI1e.'s cooLe4 .............................................. (7) o. bit no",
o.s sne. re.alL6e.s tl1ere. is no poi.nt i.n getti.ng too ........................... (8) ~p o.!>""t it. SiLvi.o..
l'1o.s be.e.n gre.o.t o.t I:rHi.n9 to ......... (~) ~s alL ~p tl1ro~gh alL tl1Íh.
lo Hope. to near from HO~ soon.
r Je.nnH
Read an English horoscope page, either in an English magazine or on the Internet. Note down as
many phrasal verbs as you can. Use a dictionary to help you understand the meanings and write down
a sentence to help you remember the new expressions.
üng,

52 Relationships
Talking about relationships
I(informal) become very attraeted to

Deox AlAntie Jo,
2 felt happy in a group of people beca use
I tI1i.nk l've fru.Len for ' tI1e new he was similar to them
glA~ who's jlAst sto.rteGl work i.n J like eaeh other and are friendly
l:ll.~ . 2 AL
OlAr offi=. He ~ tn 1M- " invited someone to go to a place like a
3 cinema oc a restaurant, usually ro start
once. He o..ncL I get oJ.ong reo.l4l
we!L, blAt he ho.sn't o.skecL me a romantic relationship
wt4 ~et. Who.t sholALcL 1M?
Miro..nAA SIA )(wn
Dear Auntie Jo,

l
/'ve been gol"g out with my boyfriend for ten months nowand we're
planmn~ to get marri~d next year. But last week we fe" out2 over
somethmg really StUpld. He heard a male friend of mine me m hairte"
looked mee and he thought it was a chat-u..3 line. He got so. I Y
and wouldn't s k l' Jea ous
b . pea to me. Do you think a minor falfing-out 4 like this is
a ad slgn for our future marriage, or am I worrying too mueh?
Tanya Wilson
Ihaving a romantic relationship with

2 had an argument that damaged our relationship
J (noun, informal) a way of talking whieh suggests you are sexually attracted to
someone and want them to be attracted to you (from the verb chat up)
• (noun) argument (from the verb fall out)
Being attracted to someone
'fyou .. . men you ...

hit it off with someone immediately like and become friend ly with them (informal)
pair off with someone start a romande relationship with them
chat SOrneone up talk in a way chat shows them that you are sexually attracted
to them and you try to make them attracted to you
go for a particular type of like that type of person or thing
person or thing
turn someone on make them interested,often sexually
I
There are a lot of phrasal verbs which deal with relationships and how people get on with each other.
Look occasionally at a problem page in a newspaper or magazine and note down any new ones that
you find.
I 08 English Phrosal Verbs in Use

Exercises
52.1 Auntie Jo, the agony aunt, is replying to sorne of the letters she gets. Fill the gaps in her replies.
Dear Lisa,
Dear Tanya , Dear Jody,
Your letter about your office
You say you're worried because party is typical of many I get. You say you 've
you and your fiancé have Everybody tries to (8) ........................
(1) ................................................... out. (4) . . ........................ off for the new student on your
Well, take my advice, a temporary with somebody and a lot 01 course, but that you're
(2) . the evening is spent in afraid he won't
with someone you love is not the (5) . (9) .................. .
end of the world. And your people up in the hope of in with your gang of friends.
,
boyfriend shouldn't worry starting something with them. I suggest you
even if another man does try a But be careful. By accepting the (10) .
(3) . .. ..................... -up first guy who asks you, you him out and then meet up
line with you; if you love each could end up with a reputation with your friends later in
other 5uch silly things will never for always flirting and never the evening. If they don't
threaten your marriage. being serious, and thep the (1 1) .. ................... . ................. ,
really nice guys won't go then the choice is simple:
(6) ..... either you lose him and keep
you, and nothing you do or your friends, or you keep him
say will ever turn them and perhaps lose 'friends' who
(7) ................... ! aren't really true friends.
1 My friend and 1 fell away last week beeause she thinks I'm in love with her boyfri end.
2 The new student was finding it diffieult to fit on, as he was older than the other students.
3 When George met his new colleague he really fell to her and now he talks about her all
the time.
4 Barry and David hit it of immediately when they were introduced.
5 That horrible man over there was trying to talk me up. Ugh!
52.3 Rewrite the underlined parts of this private diary, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
S HON 9 FRI
fVIú' a ""~ bwvIil'J jv/ af ¡¡,. Ji"" - folki<l No Sc<USS Wifj, ¡¡,. jv/ io ¡¡,. "",lhs do.ss.
fo Iv fo ffll fO aW"", Iv M AA 'f ioJít. Iv Da" 'r thi,,/'<" I'M tht. ~~ W. I¡tas ar fWs
ro jO M'. r M vstltsS I. aW"",,,, fO '
6TUE IOSAT
Ha'" - . . . "0 ,.WrodlJ fo ¡¡,. ""'" ji" io "'j g"" N>J"j a """""ti<. t<1af1Mship Wilh Aojeia
"",Ihs do.ss. s.. S ~ woJl fo ¡¡,. j""'P' fOr Si)<. ",,,,,Ihs 0(]vJ, M 51111 CM'f Sfop cI.o.si~
oHv j v/s'.
7WED
Nijei Sf..t'" a ro",,,,,I1" t<1af1oAshi wilh I<tvi af
¡¡,. P<"!'J lo.st A!jhf. W"'J o.M 1 jeolovs 7
r. 8THU
,s,I!'l
Wil'">5
aW""''''. 3,.rw.I!'l
S
MQ./.a.s "'"
j~eovs'
¡¡,¡
.
-...lb

-
53 Relationships: problems
Here are sorne more letters to Auntie Jo, the agony aunt from Unit 52. Read these letters
from a popular young people's magazine along with Jo's replies on the right.
J)e.a~ Avntíe. Jo, When two people grow apartS, ¡t's usually because they
M~ bo~fne.rtd artd I hav'e. jv,t "Iít "' affe.~ are basically different. The fact that he broke off with 6
I
you means he recognises that you don't really have a lot
a ~e.a~ .¡"g-+he.r: féw +he. r~t ,íl Month, in common. You're young. Lec him go!
e.v'e.~~í"5-.va, g<-a1; bvt the.n l'\IGo Jv,t
,e.e.MuI .¡" clríft .,.,..p.. I dídn't ~e.aTI~ , ended a relationship or marriage
.vant .¡" fíftí,h wíth híM, bvt he. .vantul ;O
3
2 gradually become less friendly and the relationship
~...,./c. off' ow r<-Iatíon'híp. Shovld I a,k. h'M ends
íf l'\IGo Co'ln ,ta~ a.9ín and 1Ylj .¡" ~í"",,v'e.~ 3 end a romantic relationship (informal)
the. Ma,&c- 0f tho«- r~t "1 Month,? • end a relationship

s gradually become less friendly, often beca use you do
I.-írtda (ag-d 1'7)
nor have the same interests and opiníons any more
6 ended a romantic relationship with someone
Brian, a marriage break-up'" is always very sad, but

Deo.r Auntie Jo,
there's noe much you can do. They are adults and they
~ pQ.nn/'s brcke. c,¡p' to.s/'!:jeo.r Q..nd., have made their own choices.You feel you're missing
outS on a normal young person's life. but you're not
/ ve been d.epressed. ever slnce. / su
alone.A third of all marriages in Britain end in divorce.
ea.cI1 of tI1em regula.r4¡, Q..nd., / Love Be brave and talk to your friends about ie.
tI1em, bu/' / fe.eL tI1~ hQ.Ne Let me
2
Mwn /s tI1ere Q..n!:jtl1lng / C<Ul M to
persuM.e tI1em to 1II1lke. c,¡p3 Q..nd., UNe , their marriage or relationship ended
togetl1er /a9o.i.n so tI1at m!:j s16/,er Q..nd., 2 disappointed me by failing to do what they agreed
/ C<Ul ho.ve o. normaL U,fe. like otl1er
or what 1 expected them to do
kid.s? 3 forgive each other and become friendly again
• (nolln) the act or event of breaking IIp
Brw.n (/a9ed. 1b)
s not doing or getting something yOll wOllld enjoy or
that wOllld be good for you, or not having
something other people have
Dear Auntio Jo, People can be very cruel, lona, and your uncle may have
to settle forA a lot more embarrassment before che
A eouple of yeare ago my unele ran off wlth I neighbours forget what happened. The best thing you can
another woman. She wae much younger do is to show your uncle that you love him and suppore
than him, in fact ehe wae only 20 and he him and show him that you accept him, and all his faults,
wae 52. It ended In dieaeter. He left her
laet year and returned te hie wlfe. But the , secretly left a place with someone in order to live
noighboure all etare at him and laugh at with them or marry them, especially when other
z people think this is wrong
him; it eoome he'll never IIv. it down . He'e
3 2 stop feeling embarrassed abollt something you did
dolng hle beet to eettl. down and be a
good hueband and unele agaln, but I fool eo
by waiting until people forget abollt ir
3 start living in a place where yOll intend to stay for a
unhappy for him. What can Ido?
long time
lona (aged 17) • accept something, often something that is not
exactly what you want, or is not the best
I / O English Phrosal Verbs in Use

Exercises
53.1 Match the problems 1-6 with the responses a-f.

1 4
My husband and I are so busy at I always seem ro pick boyfriends
they work that we seem to he drifting who let me down. What can I do?
h' aparto What should Ido?
lot
2 5
How can I finish with my I'm 35, Isn't it time I was thinking
boyfriend without hurting his of sertling down?
fee!ings too mueh?
lip
3 6
What can 1 do ro ger over the I've deeided never ro get married.
break-up of my marriage? Do you agree wirh my friends that
1 do I stiUlove my wife. I wiU be missing out on a lot?
,re
a) Beeome friends firsr - then you should know whar he is reaUy like before you take things
any furrher. .
b) The right time can arrive at any age - when you meet rhe right persono
e) Why nor take up sorne new hobby rogerher?
d) Why make sueh a major deeision abour your furure now? You may fee! very differently in
a few years' time.
e) Time should slowly make things betrer for you.
f) Could you try ro make him want ro split up wirh you firsr?
53.2 Rewrire these sentenees replacing the phrasal verbs with another phrasal verb from the
opposite page, so that the sentenees keep the same meanings.
1 My sister and her husband broke up last year.
2 MiUy was very upset when her boyfriend broke off with her.
3 We had been drifting apart for a long time, so ir was better ro separate properly.
or 53.3 Complete these sentences using appropriate phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 Whenever I quarre! with my girlfriend I ean't wait to . .. ............................... agam.
2 We were aU very shoeked when Emily left her husband and ................................................... her boss.
3 Afrer leaving sehool my best friend got a glamorous job traveUing aU over the world, but
le
now aU she wants ro do is get married and . .. ..... somewhere.
can 4 I am absolutely sure rhat I can trust him and that he wiU never ................................................... me
,rt
ts. 5 Ir was so embarrassing when I spilt romaro soup aU over my boss - I'm sure 1'11 never
.. ................................................ it........ ..... .
6 I think that ehildren who are edueated at home ............................................. on the opportunity to
make friends of their own age.
7 Sally is determined ro marry someone who is both handsome and rieh and she'U never
d ................................................... less,
8 I ean't understand why my girlfriend decided ro .................. our relationship.
,r a
Look at the problem pages in an English language magazine. Copy down any sentences that you find
containing phrasal verbs.
English Phrasal Verbs in Use III

54 Secrets and conversations
Secrets
Angela: You're keeping something from I me, aren't you?
Steve: Well, sort oí. JiU really opened up' to me last night. She poured out 3 a lot oí thing,
but made me promi,e not to tell anyone and 1 ean't go baek on 4 my word.
Angela: Go on. You can teU me, 1 won't let on 5 ro Jill or anyone else.
Steve: No, I can 't. In the eourse of her outpouring' she owned Up7 to something quite
serious and 1 really ean't tell you about it. You'd be far too shoeked!
Inot teUing me about someth ing s teH someone about something that was
2started to talk more about herself and her supposed to be a seeret
feelings , (noun ) long and emotional expression of
3 talked very honestly about what was making what she was feeling
her unhappy 7 admitted she had done something wrong
• not do something that you promised you

would do
Conversations
keep on at sb talk to someone about something many I wish you wouldn't keep on at me
times, usually to complain about about my handwriting! No-ene else has
something they have done or not done problems reading it.
talk down to sb talk to someone as if they were less The best teachers don't talk down to
clever than you pupils but speak to them as equals.
play down sth or try to make peopl e believe that There is no point in trying to play down
play sth down something is not very important or is the incident - too many people saw
unlikely to happen exactly what happened.
pin down sb or make someone give you exact details or He's the mest infuriating man - you can
pin sb down a decision about something never pin him down to a date on
anything.
have it out talk to someone about something they Once Sally had had it out with Kim
with sb have said or done that has made you about the housework. things got much
(informal) angry in arder to improve the situation better.
wind up sb or tell someone something that is not true Stop pretending that you've lost your
wind sb up in arder ta make a joke or to annoy sister's new jacket. It's not fair to wind
(informal) them her up like that.
mouth off talk about a subject as if you know more Robert is always mouthing off about his
(informal) than everyone else or to complain a lot boss behind his back, but he'd never say
about something anything to his face.
shut (sb) up stop talking or making a noise , or make Would you please shut up while I'm
(informal) someone else do this trying to concentrate on these papers.
You can sometimes fix phrasal verbs in your mind by writing them in true sentences about a person
you know or an experience you've hado
I 12 Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use

Exercises
54.1 Read these remarks by different people and then answer the questions below by writing the
correct name in the box.
mgs George: l'm determined to have it out with my parents. We can't go on in this way.
Dermot: My sister is always mouthing off about somethjng. [ wish she'd shUl up.
Michael: [ think they were trying to play down the whole affajr.
Yolanda: The boss seems to have gone back on her word.
Yvette: Huh! My brother has owned up at last! [t's about time!
Gina: [ felt my roommate was trying to wind me up.
1 Who is annoyed because someone talks about subjects as if they know
more than everyone else or someone complains a lot about something?
2 Who thought someone told them something that wasn't true in
order to make a joke or to annoy them?
3 Who is going to talk to someone about something they have said
or done that has made them angry, in order to solve the problem?
4 Who thinks someone is trying to make people believe that
something is not very important or is not Iikely to happen?
5 Who is satisfied that someone has admitted they have done
something wrong?
as 6 Who thinks someone has broken a promise to do something?
54.2 Complete these sentences using words from the opposite page.
o
1 [felt she was ................................................. something from me. [ asked her what it was, but she
wouldn't ................................................ on.
)wn
2 Oh, ................................................. up, will you! Don't ................................................. on at me all the time!
3 !t's very difficult to ................................................... him down. He never Iikes to make firm plans.
4 She's an excellent employer. She never .................................................. down to her staff, however
:an inadequate they seem.
5 Georgina .................................................. out her Iife story to me late last night. She's never
.................................................. up to me in that way before, and in her ................................................... of
emotion she revealed to me that she'd been in prison years ago .
.h
54.3 Read these sentences containing rather formal verbs and then write their more informal phrasal
Id
11 verb equivalents in the brackets. Use a dictionary if necessarv.
1 [promise [ won't reveal ( ............................................ ) to
Simon that you're moving out of the flat.
2 The government has reneged ( ............................................... )
Jt his on its pro mise to ¡necease student grants.
say 3 [had a feeling she was concealing
(.................................................. ) something from me,
something unpleasant.
's. 4 She confessed ( ................................................. ) to having Iied
about the missing money.
5 [have finally decided to confront
n
( ................................................. ) Jamie. We simply can't Mr Beanpole had a hahit of talking
continue with so rnuch tension in the airo down to people.
Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use I I3

55 Stages through life
Cathy has just had a new baby and is e-mailing her friend, Dolores. Follow the correspondence
between the two friends.
, give him the same

na me as someone else
Hi Dolores, 2 has a similar
You'lI be pleased to hear the new baby's doing fine. We've decided to appearance or
name him after' his grandfather, Patrick. He has blue eyes and quite character as an older
fair hair, so he takes after' his father. I find it hard to imagine myself member of his family
bringing upl a child. Wish me luck for the next 18 years! 3 looking after a child
Love, Cathy and educating them
until they are an
adult
• change from being a

Hi Cathy, child to being an
Glad to hear everything's OK with the new baby. Sabies grow up' so adult
quicklyand 18 years will seem like 18 weeks, I'm sure! Are you going s continue
to carry 0"5 working or will you stay at home now? When I had my , finally did something,
first child I went back to work, so I really ended up' doing two full- especially without
time jobs! having planned to
Take care,
Dolores
7 happen ro
8 stop going to classes
Hi again, before completing a
Thanks for the encouraging words! I don't know what will beco me course
of7 my career.At the moment all I care about is that Httle Patrick will , start to do or take
be a nice kid, that he won't drop out" of school or college, that he something bad,
won't turn to 9 crime or drugs and wind UplO in priscn, and that usually beca use you
he'lI be healthy and happy, just like your kids. are unhappy
Talk to you soon, " finally do something,
Cathy especially without
having planned to
(Iike the verb end up)
IF========
" =============='~==========~I " be as good as he is
Hi there, expected to be
I'm sure the little lad will live up to" all your hopes and expectations! " a ppear to be
A lot of 13-year-olds could pass for" 17 or 18 these days, and the 1) given or taught,
kind of values that were handed down ll to us by our parents and by an older persan
grandparents are considered old-fashioned now. But I'm 5till optimistic. ro a younger person
Do let me know how things go. Regards to Peter.
Leve, Dolores
I 14 English Phrasal Verbs in Use

Exercises
1dence 55.1 Which phrasal verbs in the e-mails on the opposite page could be replaced by the foUowing
synonyms? Write the phrasal verbs next to their synonym.
me 1 continue
Ine else 2 looks Iike
3 not complete
4 transmitted
. older 5 be as good as
family 6 happen to
child 7 ralSlng
them 8 look as if they are
.n 55.2 Answer these questions in fuU sentences, using phrasal verbs .
1 Were you named after anyone? If so, who were you named after?
~lllg a 2 Who, if anyone, do you take after in appearance?
10
3 Who, if anyone, do you take after in character?
4 Do you think thar boys and girls grow up at the same speed?
5 What reason might someone have for droppirig out of university?
ething, 6 What reason might someone have for turning to crime?
out 7 Describe someone you know who could pass for a different age than they reaUy are.
leo 8 Do you possess anything that has been handed down from your great-grandparents?
9 Do you think thar mothers and fathers ha ve an equally important role to play in bringing
up their children?
10 Until what age would you like to carry on working?
55.3 Complete this short biography, using verbs from the opposite page .
• • oo. oo. oo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • oo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • oo • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • :
:lasses RICHARD POTTS WAS BORN 100 years ago today in the same small town in
:ing a Wales that he lives in now. He was (1) ............................................. after his maternal
grandfather, Richard Jones, the d:istinguished sculptor, whom he was later said to
ake (2) .......................................... after in both character and appearance. The young
R:ichard was orphaned at an early age and was (3) ................................................... up by an
e you aunt He fa:iled to (4) . . up to his relatives' hopes for him by
(5) out of school at the age of 15. They were very
:ching,
concerned about what would (6) of him and, although
out
there must have been plenty of temptations encouraging the young boy to
Ita
nd upl (7) to gambling and drink, he resisted them all and
(8) .......................................... up taking a job in a coal mine. He impressed the
managers so much that he eventually (9) ................................................... up as a member
he is
of the board. He (10) . on working until five years ago,
when ill health forced him to retire, but he is still a familiar figure around the
streets of his home town.
lt, ................................................................................................................
~rson
Derson
Read an obituary or article about the death of someone famous from any English language
newspaper and note down any phrasal verbs that you find in it.
English Phrasal Verbs in Use I I5

56 Health
Symptoms
These speakers aU ha ve health problems that can be described using phrasal verbs or in the
case of blocked-up, an adjective based on a phrasal verbo
I'm fighting off'

a sore throat.
['ve put my
shoulder out5.
I'm going clown I've passecl out 9 a

with3 flu too. couple of times recendy.
I (informal) vomiting
, becoming ill, usually with a disease that is not very serious, e.g. flu, a cold
l (informal) see note 2
• trying hard to get rid of
5 dislocated or injured by making abone move from its usual place
6 get rid of
7 become larger or rounder than usual
8 (adjective) filled so that you are unable to breathe normally
9 become unconscious; fainted
One medical story

Maggie has had a hard time recendy. Firsdy, her sister broke down I after her divorce and was
sick for several months. Maggie was stiU caring for' her when her brother was hit on the
head by a tile that feU from a roof. He was unconscious for a couple of days. Fortunately, he
puUed through and has now more or less fuUy recovered although he does seem to have
'
slowed down' a lot. No sooner were they both better than their grandfather passed away5
and then just a few weeks later their grandmother passed on6 too.
I became mentally or physically ill beca use of an unpleasant experience
, looking after someone who is too ill, too young, or old to look after themselves
3 recovered fram a serious il1ness
• become less physically active than before
5 died
6 died
11 Try to learn phrasal verbs in chunks or longer phrases, e.g. "m coming down with ~u; She's (¡ghting off a
liI cold; My nose is blocked-up.
I I6 English Phrosal Verbs in Use

Exercises
56.1 Complete this text, using particles from A.

the
I fui, o..s if I'ro wromg .......................... (1) wiH1 flu I'ro fightmg (2.) .. sore
tnroo.i o..rd, ro~ nose '5 wnsto..rt4J blocked,- ................................. (3). Mfl gl4nd,s h..ve swo[(¿n
....... (4) o..rd" if I Ix~ te eo..t o..r~tnmg, fui, o..s if I'ro gomg te tnrow
.................................. (S). I wish I w~Ui sho.ke ii . .................. (b) o..s I h..ve 50 ",~cl'1 work te
<lo. I co.n't ..fford, ro be oJ>swt.
56.2 Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences, using a phrasal verb from the opposite page.
1 l've had a sore throat for a week now - 1 just can't get rid oi it.
2 Meg hadn't eaten anything for 48 hours and so it wasn't surprising that she fainted in the
middle of her gym lesson.
3 The doctors were afraid that the old man wouldn't survive the attack of pneumonia, but
amazingly he recovered and was soon on his feet again.
4 1 think l'm ¡ust about to get a cold - 1 feel a bit shivery.
S My thumb becarne bigger after 1 accidentally hit it with a harnrner.
6 The sea was so rough that many people were vomiting over the side of the ship.
7 People usually write letters of condolence to the relatives of someone who has died.
8 The old lady is in great pain beca use she has dislocated her hipo
9 After the operation, her sister nursed her until she was completely recovered.
10 How do you think you contracted chicken pox?
56.3 Match the beginning of each sentence with its ending.
1 Jim's uncle passed for her elderly mother.
2 Sonya is fighting down a bit as they get older.
3 Rita is kept very busy caring down with flu.
4 Mary's ankles swelled off a bout of flu.
S Most people usually slow up during the long flight.
d was 6 1 think Joe is going away last year.
e
Iy, he 56.4 Complete these sentences in any way that makes sense.
1 When her great-aunt passed away Mary felt very ................................................................................................ .
2 Jack broke down when ........................................................................................................................................................................... .
3 The last time 1 threw up was . ........................ .
4 You can get a blocked-up nose if . . ..................................... .
S Kate's finger swelled up afrer ............................................................................................................................................................ .
6 The best wa y to fight off a cold is to . ............................. •
Look at a health advice page of an English language newspaper or magazine. Write down any phrasal
verbs that you find there. Write them down in sentences to help you remember them.

57 Sport
Sports items from newspapers
.JOHNSON TO ATTEI\IPT RECORD
WEATHER DELAYS CUP FINAL Welsh swimmer Peri Johnson says he is

going for !he world record in tomorrow',
he kick-off' of the Cup Final between
T Arsenal and Liverpool was delayed
yesterday due to bad weather.
'
100 metres freestyle even!.
J will try to achieve something difficult

[e.g. break a record, win a medal]
, (noun) start of a game of football
DORNTON TO PLAY
ARCHERY: England defeated HARSFIELD
~~~~~.~.. ~~;~ ..~~~~~~~ .. ~~;; ..~~.. ~~.~ With both teams on 28 points, Domton
will meet Harsfield in a play-off-4 trus
European Archery Championship this Saturday at Dornton's home ground to
afternoon in a surprise win by Sweden. decide who goes up to the first division.
2 forced 10 leave the competition beca use -4 (naun) game to decide the winner,
they were defeated especially when the teams or competilOrS
have rhe same number of points
People talking about their sporting activities

l work out' at the gym three times a week 10 try to bum ofF the calories
and stay slim. l find it also helps me 10 work off the stress of work.
'
, exercise in order 10 improve the strength or appearance of your body
2 use or get rid of energy, calories or fat by doing a lot of physical exercise
l get rid of an unpleasant feeling, e.g. aggression or anger, by doing something energetic
Before l start a match l always do a warm-up'. Then after the

match l make sure l cool downs and stretch properly.
• (noun) gende exercises which prepare you for more serious exercise (from the verb warm up)
5 become cooler
World-class marathon running can be very hard. You need great mental
stamina, and you must never give in6 • It's a great feeling when you pull ahead'
of the rest of the field and know you're winning.
• accept that you have been defeated and agree to stop competing or fighting
, suddenly get in front of another person who was previously running at the same speed as you
Table ten ni s is a great sport. Anyone can join in 8 . We have a

knockout9 competition at work every month, just for fun.
8 become involved in an activity with other people

9 (noun) a competition in which only the winners of each stage play in the next stage, until one
persa n OI team is the final winner

Exercises
57.1 Match the phrasal verb on the left with its more formal equivalent on the right.
l Jom m attempt ro achieve
IS 2 glve ID defeat
V'S 3 go for surrender
4 pull ahead participate
5 knock out overtake
57.2 Chao se phrasal verb expressions from the opposite page to complete each of these notices
from a sports club noticeboard,
l Always do a ................................................... befare doing any strenuous exercise.
2 Sign below if you would like to toke part in next month's ................................................... squash
tournament.
3 Eat healthily. Remember you have to exercise for at least two hours to
................................................... the calories from one cream cake!
4 Regular exercise helps to .. ..... stress.
5 Don't forget to ................................................ before running round the track.
6 Remember it's JUSI as important to .............................. :.................... properly as it is to warm up.
)fS 57.3 Answer these questions, using full sentences.

l How often do you work out each month and what do you do when you work out?
2 How might you warm up befare running a marathon?
3 Why would you be pleased if you pulled ahead of the other runners in a race?
4 Which sport is better for burning off cal ories and why - tennis or table tennis?
5 Would you prefer ro join in a snooker game or a football game after work?
6 What kind of medal would a top athlete go for?
57.4 Describe what is happening in these pictures, using one of the nouns or verbs from the
opposite page.
l 2 3
) )
57.5 Here are three more phrasal verbs with sporting connections that were not on the opposite
page. Can you choose the correct definition from the box for each of them?
was defeated by progressed told to leave
l If a footballer gets a red card, he is sent off the pitch.

)u
2 England went out to Germany in the semi·finals.
3 Our team won the game and so they went forward to the next round.

58 Homes and daily routines
Homes
move out stop living in a particular house or flat Jack moved out of his college room last Monday.
move in begin living in a new house or flat A new family has moved in to the flat next doo r.
move in start living in the same house as Sam and I have always been good friends so
together someone when we both got jobs in Rio, we decided to
move in together.
live on sth have an amount af money in arder to 1 earn just enough to live on.
buy the things you need
live off 5th have enough money far the things While Sue was unemployed she had to live off
you need by taking it trom a supply of her savings.
money or another persan
put up sb or let someone stay in your home fer a Would you be able to put me up when I'm in
put sb up short time Lendon next week?
sleep over sleep in someone else's home for a My daughter loves it when a school friend
night sleeps overo
(noun) a sleepover The kids had a sleepover.
Note: Do not confuse to sleep over with to oversleep. The verb to oversleep means to sleep
longer than you should have done, e.g.
lf 1 oversleep and aro late for work again, 1'11 lose my jobo
_ _ _B Daily routines
I've got a new job at the airport and have moved into a flat
with a couple of friends. During the week I have to gel Up'
early as I have to be at the airport by 6.30 a.m . I try to be
very quiet in the mornings so I don't wake up' my flatmates.
At the weekends I love sleeping in] On Saturdays I
sometimes lie in' til! 11. I can't have a lie-in' if I'm playing
footbal! though, which I sometimes do on Saturday mornings.
On weekday evenings I lurn in' quite early, about 10.30 p.m.
usually, but I slay up' at weekends, of course. If I get home
on Saturday night befo re my flatmates, I wail up' until they
arrive and we have a drink and a chat before going to bed. 1 love sleeping in at weekends.
Iget out of bed , (noun) longer time in bed in the morning than
2make them become conscious usual
3 sleeping later in the morning than usual , go ro bed
, sta y in bed later in the morning than , go to bed later than usual
usual 8 stay awake beca use you are waiting for someone
to arrive

Exercises
58.1 Look at these notiees a-f on a eollege notieeboard and answer the questions below.
a) Fi.noJ.-Hw.r sw<le-nts movi.ng out <l.fter grM.uoJion h<l.ve. fumifure. to seit.
TeL. Ste.ve. <I.n<L Ni.ck on 2.7G544.
lday. b) Living off your parents or off your savings? Earn extra cash by working at weekends. Call 896774.
e) 1<=cw~Ú'V~foy~~;tu.deflt: fiN.,~¡r"""ca-mp"" "'u.t'&e,cvbJe,
loor.
u,.mov.,Ú'V~. R~655491, w"k.foy JL<l.i.e-.
d) Student granlS are not enough 10 live on! loin our protest oulslde Ihe Senale Building, Frlday 2 p.m.
Bring vour Iriends!
e) Time to move on? If you 've just graduated and want careers advice, come to the careers
workshop at 3 p.m., Thursday 25 May, room 12A, Hughes Building.
f) f'<f"a!t. /""eral, 2'1, Iooirir¡ fo,.liitr",irled, ~oN"oirir¡ fo"a!t. to "on/ir ~Mt ""ti. ;¡,." ti,irt "" eo.!1<lfJ0/l
Ii~/ir¡ toytlur; ea!!"~,, 133208/ #tú&.
Whieh notiee would you respond to if ...
1 ... your income was not suffieient to meet your needs and you were angry about it?
2 ... you felt you needed to take on a new ehallenge or star! a new phase in your life?
3 ... you were looking for bargain items beca use you're going into an unfurnished flat?
4 ... you were female and about to leave your aeeommodation and had nowhere to live ?
5 ... you were dependent on others for your ineome and wanted to earn your own?
6 ... you were a female wanting to share a house with a girl who might become a friend?
'p 58.2 Are you a sleep lover? Fill the gaps in the magazine questionnaire and then answer the
questions by tieking the boxes.
The sleep lover survey

What time do you normally wake ........... ? o 6-7 a.m. O 7-8 a.m. O 8-9 a.m O later
Do you leel sleepy il you .................................. up alter midnight? O yes O no
Do you have a .................................. -in at weekends? o always O sometimes O never
Would you wait .................................. il a Iriend or relative you
were putting .. .. .............. was arriving very late? O yes O no
Do you enjoy ... . .................... in il you don't have to get up? O yes O no
What time do you usually turn ................................. ? O 9-10 p.m. 0 10 p.m.-12 a.m. O later
How often do you sleep ............................ at a Iriend's house? O often O occasionally O never
How olten do you not hear your alarm and . .. ................... ? o every day D sometimes O never
n
58.3 Complete these sentenees using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 1'11 be late back tonight so please don't bother ................................................................... .
2 Kate can't afford a hotel so she's asked a friend to .
:one 3 1 need an alarm clock to stop me from . .. ............................ .
4 The removal firm helped us to . .. .................................. of our old house.
5 ['m really tired. 1 think ['m going to . .. ............... soon.
6 Gordon and Martin airead y knew each other well before they ................................................................... .
Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use I2I

59 Socialising
Arranging social gatherings
Read the picture story below and note the phrasal verbs.
Fine. I'IL d.o tI1o.t.

11 B~ So we.'LL c.ome. over
tne. wil!:l ¡ I'LL
brt.ng tYIru::. book
oJ,,,,," 1 p.m. Tho.nk.
e.ver ml,AcK1.
50 SU !:::lOO
!:::Iw wo..ntW... t:o tomorrow o..t NOn:.
work tomOfTOW . ......'-". " I
I'op into m~
oflU.e. ."d.
colLect it
time..
phrasal verb meaning alternative phrasal verb

ask sb over/round invite someone to come to your house invite sb aroundl
round/over
come over visit someone at their house come around/round

bring along sb/sth or bring someone or something somewhere
bring sblsth along
pop infinto go into a place ¡use for a short time (informal)
have sb around/round if you have someone around, they come to your have sb over
house for a social visit
Other socialising verbs

1 met Peter the other day. He was asking after you. [ask for information about someone,
especially about their health]
1'11 caH round and see UncIe Jim after work today. [visit someone who lives near to you for a
short time]
Please drop inlround any time - I'm usually at home. [informal: make a short visit to
someone in their home, usually without arranging it befo re]
The boss has invited me out. 1 wonder what she wants? [ask someone ro go with you to a
place, e.g. a restaurant or the cinema]
A: 1'11 bring that CD round for you ro listen ro romorrow.
B: Great! Could you also bring round that book 1 lent you? [bring someone or something
somewhere, especially to someone's house]

Exercises
59. I Choose one of the phrasal verbs from A to repor! what Tim says in the sentences below.
EXAMPLE Tim: Would you like to come to the cinema?
He J...'~¡.t:«~....."'~ ...<>u..t.•
1 Tim: Jane can come with you if you Iike.
He said 1 could .................................. Jaoe ...... .......... if 1 Iiked.
2 Tim: You can both come to my place after the film.
He .................................. us .................................. after the film.
3 Tim: I'1l quickly go to the shop aod get sorne biscuits on the way home.
He said he would ................................................... the shop for some biscuits 00 the way home.
4 Tim: 1 love it when people come to visit me.
He said he loved .................................. people .
~
5 Tim: You can borrow that CD 1 was telliog you about if my friend returns it.
He said 1 could borrow the CD if his frieod .................................. it .. .. befo re my party.
59.2 Correct the errors with the partides in these seotences.
~
1 My parents are always askiog over you so I'll tell them your oews oext time 1 see them.
2 Do drop out some time when you're passing our house aod have a cup of tea.
3 My uncle has invited me and a friend io to a smart restaurant to celebrate my birthday.
4 Of course you can briog your brother with when you come to our place tomorrow.
5 1 often call about and see my graodmother 00 my way home from work.
6 1 hope I'm not in trouble. The boss has just asked me to pop about to his oHice.
terb
59.3 Explain the difference in meaning between these pairs of sen ten ces.
1 a) I've got to pop up aod see Bill in his oHice.
,d
b) I've got to pop down and see Bill in his office.
2 a) It's time 1 invited Andy and Becky over for a meal.
b) It's time 1 iovited Andy aod Becky out for a meal.
3 a) Shall we call round aod see Peggy this afternoon?
b) Shall we drop round and see Peggy this afternoon?
4 a) I'1l bring my niece rouod at the weekend.
b) I'll bring my niece aloog at the weekend.
59.4 Write down four different ways in which you could invite someone to visit you at your place.
Use a different phrasal verb each time.
59.5 Here are some more phrasal verbs conoected with the theme of socialising. What do you
Uf a
11 think the phrasal verbs in bold mean? Use a dictionary if necessary.
Kath: Did you enjoy your date with Paul?
Anne: Don't talk to me about Pau!! He stood me up! 1 waited there for at least half an
hour and then 1 decided just to go to the cinema on rny own. It was really annoying
because my sister had wanted to lag along but 1 wouldn't let her aod in the end 1
was all alone. 1 thought we were going to have this lovely romantic evening! If you
ron across him, you can tell him I'm very annoyed with him!
a

60 Food and drink
Preparing food and drink
Martha was having a dinner party for sorne friends.
A lew days earlier she had prepared a chicken casserale
and put it in the freezer to make sure ir did nor 90 off l ,
On the morning 01 the dinner party she removed it lram
the Ireezer and thawed it out'- Then belore her Iriends
arrived she put the chicken on' and she made a salad. She
heated up' the casserole, making sure that it did not boil overs.
I become not good to eat beca use it is too old , began 10 cook food
, let it gradually become warmer so that it was • made it hot
no! frozen any more s f10w over the si de of the pan
B Serving food and drink
When her Iriends arrived, Martha handed round I olives

and other snacks and her boyfriend poured out' drinks.
He went round the room topping Up3 glasses whenever
he noticed that anyone needed a top-up·. Then they sat
at the table and had the chicken casserole. Everyone said
how well it went with S the salad and nothing was left over'
at the end 01 the mea!.
I offered something, especially food and drink, • (noun) more drink poured into a glass or
to each persan in a group cup (from the verb top up)
, filled glasses or cups with a drink s combined or tasted good with
3 putting more drink into someone's glass OI cup 6 remained OI was no! eaten
-- e Styles of eating and drinking
As there were no leftovers I the next day, Martha decided

to get a takeaway'. She ordered a curry to take away'.
Martha's brother says that she lives on/off' curry beca use
she eats ir so aften. Martha denies that, of course, but
she admits that il ever she and her boyfriend eat outS they
always 90 to a curry restaurant.
I (noun) food prepared for a previous meal but , buy prepared food in a shop or restaurant
nor eaten and take it somewhere e1se to eat
, (noun) a meal that you buy and take somewhere • only eats a particular type of food
el se to eat. Takeaway is also the place where 5 eat a meal in a restaurant nor at home
you buy a meal like this, e.g. a Chinese takeaway.
I
You will find quite a few more phrasal verbs on the foad theme if you look at the instructions in a
. recipe book, e.g. cut up an onion, take off the skins of the tornatoes, etc. If possible look in an English
language recipe book or search for sorne recipes on the Internet and rnake a note of any phrasal verbs
that you find there.

Exercises
60.1 Look at A and B opposite. Then complete these sentences with an appropriate phrasal verbo
1 Your glass is half-empty. Let me .. . ......................... it up for you.
2 The pizza's cold. 1'11 .................................................. it up for you.
3 The chicken's frozen. 1'11 put it in the microwave to . . ................. it out.
4 When all the guests are here, 1'11 .................................................. out the champagne.
S No-one's eating the nuts and crisps. Shall I .................................... them round?
60.2 Use phrasal verbs from the opposite page to complete the second person's responses.
1 Annie: This mil k smells bad.
Philip: Yes, 1 think .
2 Erica: We need something to accompany the fish.
Harry: Yes, we need something that will .
3 Paul: !t's time to start cooking the pota toes.
Jane: OK, 1'11 .. . ............................................... .
4 Tanya: We'lI have to keep the sauce on a very. low heat.
Ricki: Yes, we'lI ha ve to make sure it ...
S Freda: Let's go ro a restaurant this evening.
Dave: Good idea. !t's ages since we last .................... ..
60.3 Answer the following questions.
1 Three phrasal verbs on the opposite page also have noun forms. What are the verbs and
what are their noun forms?
; or 2 In the question, 'Susie, would you ~ the biscuits round for me, please?' which phrasal
verb on the opposite page means the same as pass round?
3 Which two phrasal verbs mean that you regularly eat one type of food to the exclusion of
others?
60.4 Complete these sentences with words from exercise 60.3.
1 We've got sorne nice .. .. ..... from the party last night. Shall I heat them up?
2 Sorne people seem ro . .. .... junk food. !t can't be good for them.
3 Could you .. .. ............................... these snack s to the guests? Thanks. [two answers]
4 Anne would you like a . ... ? There's plenty more coffee in the pot.
S Do you want to eat your food in the restaurant or ................................................... ?
6 The food from the. .. ......................................... was as good as anything we could have cooked at
home.
7 Nothing .......................... . .. .. at the end of the meal.
lrant
60.5 In sorne of these sentences it is possible to separate the verb and the partide. Where possible,
write the alternative sen ten ce.
1 Would you hand round the peanuts, please?
2 I think my sister lives on fish and chips.
3 Don't forget ro thaw out the gateau.
4 I don't think that chips go with caviar.
rb,
English Phrasal Verbs in Use I 25

61 Weather
The weather forecast
Ir will brighten Up' in the north of England

tomorrow morning, but the sun won't last long
and the region will soon cloud over' again . Rain in
the east will clear up' latero An area of high
pressure means it should warm up' over the next
few days in most regions, except in the far north,
where it will actually cool down s a Iitrle beca use 01
strong north-easterly winds. 011 the south coast
winds will pick up" during the afternoon,
becoming strong by the evening.
I the sky will become lighter and the sun will start ro shine ... become warmer
, rhe sky will become covered with douds s become cooler
, ir will stop being rainy or doudy 6 become stronger
B Talking about the weather and its effects

Jim is talking about his camping trip ro the Scottish mountains.
"'\
The weather was dreadful; we were there for a week and the storms just never
let Up'. We were flooded out' twice in our tent and ended up staying in a hoste!.
Ir just poured down' every day - one heavy downpour 4 after another. We were
rained off S most days and couldn't do any serious walking. Then one day we
thought the storms had blown overo, so we climbed one of the highest peaks in
the area. Ir srarted ro snow. Luckily there was a cabin at the summit, so we
took shelter chere. We were snowed in7 for two days before we could get out and
go back down again. 1 shall never forget it as long as 1 live!
I stopped or improved
2 had to leave ahorne or place beca use 01 a f100d
, rained heavily
• (noun) a very heavy period 01 rain (Irom the verb
pour down)
s if an outside activity is rained off, ir cannor srart or
continue beca use it is raining
" become less strong and then ended
7 were unable to leave thar place beca use there was so
much snow
Help yourself to learn phrasal verbs by drawing word diagrams based on ene verb, e.g. pick, blow. or on
one topie, e.g. weather.
brighten up warm up
--:::::~¿J( WEATHER
cloud over cool down

Exercises
6 l. 1 Complete these sentences using one of the phrasal verbs from A. Write the verbs in an
appropriate formo
1 There's a lovely blue sky now but unfortunately the forecast says that it's going
.g ............................................... later in the day.
1 in 2 l hate it when it's so hot - l wish it would ................................................... .
3 Let's go and fly the kite - it'lI be fun now the wind ................................................. .
xt 4 The sea is quite cool in the mornings but by midday it has usually ................................................... .
oh, 5 Let's go for a walk this afternoon if the rain .................................................. .
, of 6 We could have a picnic this afternoon if the weather ................................................... .
st
61.2 Match the weather situatioo 00 the left with the most logical coosequence on the right.
1 We were snowed in. Sorne trees got blown down.
2 We were f100ded out. The teams were very disappointed.
3 The rain didn't let up. AII our carpets were ruined.
4 !t eleared up later on. We couldn't even open me front door.
5 A strong wiod picked up. We ate our picnic in the caro
6 The match was raioed off. We went for a walk in the evening.
61.3 Complete these sentences with a noun or phrasal verb from the opposite page.
1 !t raioed heavily all day. I've oever seeo such a . ............................ .
2 !t's been pouriog down all day. l wish it would .................................................. .
3 If the river breaks its baoks the villagers will be ................................................... .
4 No-ooe left their homes uotil the hurricane . ........................................... .
5 Because of the storms, a oumber of football matches ................................................... .
6 !t's too gloomy to take good photos oow. Why don't you wait uotil it .. ............................ ?
7 It's very hot there in summer - eveo at oight it doeso 't ................................................... .
8 lt's beeo terribly cold but they have promised that it will ................................................... oext week.
61 .4 Sorne of the phrasal verbs on the opposite page can be used in a metaphorical way. Try to
work out the metaphorical meanings and answer these questions.
1 If Joan is brightening up a bit, is her mood gettiog more or less cheedul?
2 Would you suggest that someone should cool down if they are angry or if they are sad?
3 If an argument or scandal blows over, does it start or finish?
4 If an illness elears up, does it get better or worse?
5 If a party warms up, does it get more or less enjoyable?
6 If someone's face clouds over, do they staft to look worried or happy?
Write a paragraph about the weather you have experienced recently. Use as many as possíble of the
words presented on the opposite page.
on

62 Travel
Going on a journey
Matthew had had a busy time at work so he was

glad to get away' from London for a month 's holiday.
He sel off/out> last Saturday. His journey really starled off 3
al Waterloo Station when he gol on' the Eurostar train to
París. He was heading for a villa in the south of France
but was planning to slop offs in París for a couple of
days before continuing south.
I go somewhere for a haliday, especially when yau need a rest
, started his journey

3 began
• boarded
5 visit for a short time when on the way somewhere el se
:...---=B Travel in general

check in arrive at a hotel, say who you are and be You go to reception and check in while I
given a key tar your room park the caro
check out leave a hotel after paying and giving back I went to the hotel hoping to meet Sam but
the key of your room he had already checked out.
getin (of a train, bus, plane. etc.) arrive at a My train got in at 6.30 p.m.
particular time
pull in (of a train) arrive in a station The train pulled in exactly on time.
pull out (of a train) leave a station Unfortunately, the train I'd hoped to catch was
pulling out just as I arrived on the platform.
Air travel
L ouise was lucky enough lo gel a standby'

lo New Zealand lasl week. There weren'l
many people on the flight so she checked in2
quickly. The flighl took off3 on time and
touched down' half an horrr early. 0n her way
home she is hoping lo be able lO stop overs in
Hong Kong for a day or two.
I (noun) cheap ticket for a flight which you buy 3 began to fly
just before the flight if seats are available • landed on the ground
, showed her ticket at the official desk (the s stop somewhere for a period of time
check-in) so she could be given a boarding card when you are on a long journey

Exercises
62. 1 Write sentences that mean the opposite of the sentences below, using verbs from A.
1 Jack arrived home last Sunday.
2 Jill gOl off lhe plane in Dubai.
3 M y journey ended in a very exciting way.
62.2 Fill the gaps in this Internet chat session between Charlie and her friend Lin,
O 1!18
KMG INSTANT CHAT I

[]TI Hi lin, I've been finalising the plans for my trip. ~ No, but don't worry about coming to meet me.
Want to hear? lean (7) ................................................... in at the
C!fJ Hi Charlie - how's it goin9? Yeah. Tel! me! airport hotel and sleep during the moming,
and see you later. Anyway, l'm going to
~ Well , I (1) ........................................ ......... off at Gatwick
(8) ....................... .. ......... over for two days
Airport. I have a (2) .................................. ................ for
in Taipei, then 90 to Tokyo to see Noriko.
Taipei, but the travel agent said I should be
1'11 just (9) ......... .. ............................... off there
able to get on the first f1ight as i1's a Tuesday.
for cne night and then f1's on to Sydney to
There's one that (3) ........................... ..
see Annabel.
off at 11 a.m., going via Singapore, and I
hope 1'11 be able to (4) .. cgj Wow! You'lI be exhausled!!!!!!!!!!
on that cne - if it'5 on time, we'lI ~ Yes, but ifll be worth it! I really do need to
(5) . ............................................... down in Taipei at (10) ................................................. away; I've been
3.30 p.m. studying so hard!
~ ® Uuuuuuuuuuugh! Too early! Can't you get a Hey, must 90. Talk to you after my lecture.
ftight that (6) .................................................. in later? ~ OK. Bye.
"'
62.3 The phrasal verbs below have noun or adjective forms , Complete the table and write an
11 example sentence for each nODO or adjective form, Use a dictionary if necessary,
phrosa/ verb noun!adjective (orm examp/e

was
rm. touch down
check in
get away
take off
stop over
62.4 Correct the mistakes with the phrasal verbs in this text, There are six mistakes in total.
I ",ent off far WoJ:erl.oo StoJ:ion Cl.t 11 ". m. M<i tI1ere. I got tAp tI1e. m~ [tArostar troln
te Pari.5. It ptAiLe<L off e.xo..c.t4l on ti.me. M<i SDOn ",e. ",ere. in tI1e. O1MneL TtAnneL. After ..
COtApLe. of hOtArs ",e. ptAiLe<L over Cl.t ParLs Gare. d.tA Nor<i stoJ:ion. Ne.xt d.o.jJ I cI1ecl:e<i off
from my hotel M<i fLe.w bru:k. We. tetAcI1e<i in Cl.t He.o.thro", AiKport Cl.t 11 " .m.
ne
Eng/ish Phraso/ Verbs in Use 129

63 Driving
5topping to do things
1'11 have ro
Could you jusr draw up Could you drop me off here
near che garage, and 1'11 pur pIease? That's rhe restaurant
[he boxes in [he boot. I'm going [O - over rhere.
What a beautiful view!

Ca n you just pull over and
1'11 rake a phorograph.
phrasal verb meaning

draw up If a vehicle. or someone in a vehicle, draws up, they arrive somewhere and stop.
drop off sb/sth or take someone to a place thar they want to go to, or deliver something to a
drop sb/sth off place. usually in a cart afeen when rou are going somewhere else
pull up If a car pulls up, ir stops. cften for a short time.
pull over drive a car to the side of the road in arder to stop
pick up sth/sb or to collect someone who is waiting tor you, or to collect something you have left
pick sth/sb up somewhere or thar you have bought
pull in or If a car pulls in or pulls into a place, it moves to the side of the road or to
pull into somewhere another place where it can stop.
Oriving problems
Police said the van had pulled out ' to overtake

a lorry when the van driver lost control and
A n e/derly man was run over" at the comer 01
Pierce Street and Welbourne Avenue. He was
crashed into the central barrier of the motorway.
taken to Hughes Hospital suffering trom head injuries.
I driven out 01 the traffie ¡ane it was in and entered
a laster lane or the other side 01 the road l hit by a vehicle and driven over, injuring or killing hil11
o
• ••• • ••••••••••••••
2 A pile-up' involving twenty
Two ehildren were knoeked down by a
vehicles caused a 10-mile tailback5
drunken driver. Both ehildren were seriously o
: on the M 12 motorway today.
injured and pollee have arrested the driver. o Police blamed fog and black ice.
• (noun) erash involving several vehicles

2 hit by a vehicle and injured or killed
5 (noun) long line of traffie that is moving very slowly
130 Eng/ish Phrosol Verbs in Use

Exercises
63.1 Complete these sentences using phrasal verbs from A. Write the verbs in the appropriate formo
1 If you ............................. ...................... in the next lay-by, we can have a short break.
2 If yo u'd like a lift to the party l could . ............................. on my way there and then r can
easily ................................................... on my way home afterwards.
3 r had been waiting for at least half an hour before a bus eventually ................................................. .
4 r was looking out of the window when Rose's taxi . ............... outside our gateo
63.2 Write the phrasal verb expressions presented on the opposite page into one of these categories.
words relating to moving and words relating to accidents and words relating to transporting
stopping rhe car tratric prablems other people
63.3 Complete this letrer with an appropriate particle from the box. Use each word once only.
back in off out over up
'p.
Deo.r Di.AA<L,
Tho.nk y"" fer the lDve4¡ ~ lOe 11<!.<i wLth yO(,(. It 10M so kinc:l of you to W; us bring
Anne's fri.enc:l, Gin<L. Unfertun<Lte4¡, the onLy probl.em 10M the journey 110me.. There 11<!.<i
be.e.n <L terrible pile- .................... .............. (1) on the. motorw~ o.nc:l, M <L resutt, there
10M <L toJL.................................. (2.) fer <Lb I.eMt sex miles. In the mc:l, lOe. pull.ec:l
left .................................. (3) <Lb <L servCce stolion o.nc:l w~ there. untiL "" cl.e<Lre.c:l. In the
C<Lr p<Lrk there Gin<L neo.rLy got knocke.c:l .................................. (4) M <L C<Lr pull.ec:l
..... ............................. (5) f<Lr too qui.ckLy from be.i1inc:l <L p<Lrke.c:l lDrry. We. were. very
rme.ve.c:l wl1m lOe fin<LlLy c:lroppe.c:l Gin<L .................................. (,,) <Lb l1er p<Lrmts' o.nc:l
m<Lc:le. oor own w~ 110me..
Mucl1 lDve,
H.on<L
63.4 Here are sorne more phrasal verbs and nouns connected with driving. Match the words in
bold 1-6 with the definitions a-f.
1 To get to the farm take the second turn-off on the left after the crossroads.
2 The car left the main road and turned off down a narrow track.
ing him 3 The car was written off in the acciclent.
4 The insurance company agreed that the car was a write-off.
5 You get out of the car here and 1'11 find a parking spot and then meet you in the café.
6 ran broke his arm when he fell off his bike after running into a lamp post.
a) lea ve a vehicle
b) damage a vehicle so badly that it cannot be repaired
e) accidentally hit something while driving a vehicle
d) lea ve the road you are on ro travel along another one
e) road that goes off another road
f) vehicle that is not worth repairing after an accident

64 Technology
Electricity

switch/turn on touch a switch to make a machine or When 1 tried to switch/turn on my
5th or switch/tu rn electrical device start working computer in the morning, nothing
5th on happened.
switch/turn off touch a switch to make an electrical Would the last persan to leave the room
5th or switch/turn device stop working please switch/turn off the lights.
5th off
plug in 5th or connect to an electricity supply The computer ¡sn't working because
plug 5th in or you haven't plugged it in! You can plug
plug 5th into 5th it into rhe wall there.
turn up 5th or make louder or stronger Can you turn up the TV - I can hardly
turn 5th up hear what the actors are saying.
charge up 5th or put electricity into a píece of equ!pment My mobile phone isn't working - I need
charge 5th up to charge it up.
go off make a loud noise, e.g. an alarm dock The car alarm went off in the middle of
or a burglar alarm the night, waking all the neighbours.
cut out suddenly stop working, e.g. a machine The pilot's radio cut out as the plane
or engine was flying over the Himalayas.
Doing technical things

All the following verbs may ha ve their object either before or after the particle,
","m, "'~"' O< p"m, "'" ' .

Joe's pumping up his tyres. ~ R ~ ,
'/, "
.1 . . . .
~
Len is at the photocopier running off twenty copies
of the agenda for the meeting.
Ernrna is loading up the washing machine.
Marco videoed a film last night and is now playing it back.
Paula is rneasuring out

100 grarns of sugar.

Exercises
64.1 Look at these instruetions for using a personal digital organiser. Complete the instructious,
using phrasal verbs from A.
I Remove computer from paekaging.

Do not ................................................... the
computer on at this point. -
W[]
-
)m
2 Insert the power cable as shown and
• lLJ"-" •
................................................... the unit ¡nto an
eleetrieal supply.
3 If the sereen illuminates, ~ ~
................................................... off the computer
using the 'on/off' button. @ [ID]
y
4 Allow the battery to
................................................... up for at least ~ ~
12 hours.
01 5 The sereen brightness can be control led

using the screen button .
0°000
................................................... up the brightness
by pressing the button till the desired
level is reaehed.
~ I
64.2 Rewrite the underlined words, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 I'll put all the things to be washed up in the dishwasher for you.
2 Press the 'play' button so we can listen to that tape you recorded at the coneert.
3 The meehanie put sorne air into the tyres while he was servieing the ear.
4 The seeurity alarm began to ring aeeidentally when we opened the door to the offiee.
5 1 was driving up a steep hill when the engine suddenly stopped working.
6 Could you produce thirty copies of this repor! for the meeting, please?
7 We've just bought a breadmaking maehine. All you do is weigh and pour the exaet
amounts of all the ingredients, put them in the maehine and switch it on.
8 Don't switch on the vaeuum eleaner until it is conneeted to the eleetrieity supply.
64.3 Correet the mistakes with the phrasal verbs in these sentences.
1 1 eouldn't hear what they were saying on the radio so 1 turned it down.
2 What must we do when goes the alarm bell off?
3 My mobile is low. Can 1 eharge up it here?
4 Could you help me, please, by filling up the washing maehine?
5 !t's very dark in here - do switch off the light.
6 Mel asked him to measure off 250 grams of burter.
Look at the instructions for any electrical device you have, e.g. a mobile phone, a DVD player. If there
is an instruction section jn English, compare it with the section in your own language and make sure
you understand any phrasal verbs you find.
Eng/ish PhrasalVerbs in Use 133

65 Computers
Working with files or documents
Ron: Ir would be a disaster if 1 lost all this work I've done.
Martin: Well, yo u should back yo ur work up every da y [make
a copy of computer information so that you do
not lose it]. 1 keep a back-up of important files on floppi es
or a CD-ROM [noun: extra copy for safety].
Professor Dell: 1 have to put all these statistics into rny research papero
I hate typing figures; I'm so slow.
Rana: Well, why dOD 't you save time and pay one
of your students to type/key them in?
[put information into a computer using a keyboard]
Kirsty: I find it difficult to read my work on screen.
It doesn't seem real somehow.
Trevor: Well, why don't yo u print it out? [produce a printed
copy of a document that has been writren on a computer]
Kirsty: Yes, I always find it easier to [ead a printout myself.
[noun: printed copy of an electronic document]
Luke I can't see the detail on this picture file, it's too small.
Anne: No problem. You can just zoom in by clicking on
this icon here [show a clear and detailed picture of something].
And then you can just zoom out [show something
in less detail] by clicking on this Jitrle icon here.
Note that with the verbs back up, type in, key in and print out, the object can go either
before or after the particle, e.g. back a file up or back up a file.
B Using a network and the Internet

log inlon put your name into a computer so that You can log on/in using my password
you can seart using it if you want to use the computer.
log off/out finish using a computer system Don't forget to log off/out when
you've finished.
hack into 5th get into someone else's computer Someone hacked into the computers
system without permission in arder to at work and destroyed important data.
look at ¡nfarmation or do something
jllegal
pick up 5th or connect to the Internet and access 1'11 take my laptop so 1 shou ld be able
pick 5th up e-mails to pick up my e-mails while I'm away.
seroll acrossl move across/down/up a web page or Seroll up to the tap of the page.
down/up (5th) other document on a computer screen
I
I Many websites are in English. Next time you visit a website, note down any phrasal verbs that are used
on the web pages, e.g. check out our new products.

Exercises
65.1 Imagine that you are writing a report on a computer in your office or college. Write the
things from the box below in the order in which you would do them.
back up your work log off key in your report log on print out your work
65 .2 Complete each of these sentences, using a phrasal verb expression from the opposite page.
1 If you find it hard to see the detaiI in the picture, . .. ............................................. so you can see more.
Then click on the same icon again to ......................................... and the picture wiIl go back to
normal size.
2 Although 1'11 be working away from the office for a couple of weeks, 1'11 still be
................................................... my e-maiIs every da y.
3 If you .................................................. to the bottom of the page, you'll find the data you want.
4 1 ................................................... to this brilliant new website last night. Let me give you the address
so that you can check it out.
5 On these disk s you'Il find a . . ............ of all the data eonnected with the project.
6 Do you think you could let me have a .......................................... of that sereen? 1 don't have the
time to write down all the details.
65.3 Choose the correct word to complete these sentenees.
1 Joe was very upset when he realised that someone had haeked .................................. his eomputer.
) a) off b) on e) into d) out
~ 2 For security reasons, always log .................................. when you leave your computer unattended
for any period of time.
a) on b) in e) out d) up
3 My secretary is very quiek at keying .................................. data.
a) onto b) on e) inco d) in
4 It took ages to print the whole report ..... .. ....................... .
a) out b) down e) up d) in
5 The abiIity to zoom .................................. is partieularly useful when you are working on detailed
diagrams.
a) out b) in e) up d) on
6 Larry went into a eybercafé in Bangkok to piek .................................. his e-mails.
a) out b) on e) off d) up
65.4 Explain when you would want to click on these ieons.
-
1~
rs 2
a.
I
(.
;ed

66 News
Violence flared up' again roday in the troubled

mountainous state of Phrasalia when several bombs
went off' in the centre oI the capital, Verbosa.
Support for the rebels is growing and it is expected
that the rebels will succeed in bringing down' a
government that is increasingly unpopular. There are
fears that a full-scale civil war may break out4 .
I suddenly happened and became serious 3 causing people in power to lose their position
(used about something negative like • suddenly start, usually used about something
violence, anger or an argument) dangerous and unpleasant like war, fire Oc
, exploded disease (noun ~ outbreak)
(noun) an important discovery

Slimming breakthrough l
J
oc success (har enables you to

achieve or deal with something
N EWS leaked out'
yesterday rhar a majar
US pharmaceutical laboratory
rhe manufacture of rhe drug,
but rhe British company
pulled out3 afree a disagree-
, became public so that people
who should not have known
is abour to launch a dramatic ment abour safety procedures.
about something learn of it
new slimming drug. The lab A French company a1so broke
was in discussions last year off' talks with the lab last , stopped being involved
with a British company abour month. • ended suddenly before they
had been completed
A SURVEY published roday reveals tha! the on any driver eaught exceeding the speed
number of accidents caused by cars driving limito Poliee have been promised financial
too fast has shot up I in the last couple of support to enable them ro step up' aU
years. A government spokesperson said possible rneasures to make motorists
that they are determined to crack down' reduce their speed .
I
.....
increased very quickly
._____ .-r""---..--..------__- . . . . .
3 do more of something, usually in
~
2 treat people more strictly in order to try to stop order to improve a situation
them doing things they should not do
(no un ~ eraekdown)
JAIL BREAKOUTI ALARMS VILLAGERS I (noun) escape (from the verb

break out)
A DANGEROUS prisoner who escaped from , (noun) seeret place where
Kenton Prison last night is causing alarm someone goes to be atone
among local residents. It is thought that the 3 earefuUy watch people or
escaped convict may have found a hideaway' things around you so that
not far from the prison and police have you will notice a particular
encouraged the inhabitants of nearby villages person or thing
to look out for 3 anything suspicious.

Exercises
66.1 Look at these news headlines then answer the questions below by tieking the correet box.
)s
TOP SECRET DEFENCE REPORT LEAKS OUT
d PHRASALlAN GOVERNMENT BROUGHT DOWN BY ARMS SCANDAL
POLlCE TO CRACK DOWN ON MOBILE PHONE THIEVES
.re
Violence fiares up in Hirada
SWEDEN PULLS OUT OF TRADE AGREEMENT
¡tion nRRDRIST HIDEAWAY RAIOm BY SPEClAl JORCES
lmg 1 There has been a huge fire in the city of Hirada. true D false D
true D false D
'r
2 A terrorist hiding place has been attacked by troops.
3 A government has collapsed beca use of a scanda!. true D false D
very 4 A top secret report has been published. true D false D
110
:hing 5 Sweden has gained huge benefits from a trade·agreement. tfue D false D
true D false D
pIe
6 The police will take a hard attitude ro mobile phone thieves.
vn
66.2 In this unit there are a number of phrasal verbs whieh have no un forms. Complete the table
y 11 below. Use a dietionary if necessary.
phrasa/ verb noun form

crackdown
break out (from prison)

break out (war, disease, etc.)
break through
hideaway
fiare up
look out for
66.3 Here are sorne short extraets from newspapers. Complete what you would tell a friend who
has not read the extract, using phrasal verb expressions from the opposite page.
1 A bomb exploded in the capitallast night, injuring six people.
lerb You: Hey did you read that? A bomb ..
2 Riots have erupted between the Northern tri bes and the Southern League.
You: Did you read that? Riots "... . ................................................... .
3 The Phrasalian rebels are beginning to inerease their attacks on military bases.
You: Did you see that? The Phrasalian .. . .................................. .
4 The teachers' union has suddenly ended talks with local government officials.
ar You: Have you heard? The teachers' ..
5 Villagers have be en advised by police ro keep their eyes open for anything suspicious.
You: The poliee are advising villagers ro .. ................................................................ .
6 Five prisoners have eseaped from Gilston High Seeurity Prison.
You: Wow! There's been a.".

-
67 Crime
Crime reports in newspapers
Here are sorne people telling others about things they ha ve just read in the newspaper. Look
at the phrasal verbs they use to explain what happened.
Gosh! A security guard was

SECURTIY GUARD ATIACKED
beaten up at that electronics
A security guard at an electronies faetory was faclOry last night. Terrible!
attaeked and badly injured by thieves last night.
They punehed him and kieked him ...
Did you hear? Somebody
f30K JEWEl ROBBERV broke into that jewellery
shop in the tOWIl centre last
hieves ente red a townwcentre jewellery
store by force lasl nighl and sto le 00,000
night and stole 00,000
worth of jewels and watches ... worth of stuff.
Hey! Three prisoners have

PRISONERS ESCAPE broken out of Holtoll Jail.
Three prisoners escaped from the Halton Maximum We' d beller lock all our
Security Prison this morning. Paliee are searching a doors tonight!
wide o ••
SCHOOL COMPUTERS STOLEN Wow! Did you hear tbat?

Two men persuaded a (eacher at Stanbridge School Two guys walked off with
yesrerday (har they were collecting six computers for six computers from a
repair and maintenance. They took rhem away, but ir school yesterday in broad
later became deae (hey were thieves. daylight!
Other verbs connected with crime

¡(you ... ¡hen you ...
hold up sth/sb or steal maney from a building, persa n or vehicle. by using violence or by threatening to
hold sth/sb up use it
tip off sb or warn someone secretly about something that will happen so that they can take
tip sb off action or prevent it from happening
put sb up to sth encourage someone to do something stupid or wrong
take in sb or deceive someone or make them believe something that is not true
take sb in
lead on sb or make someone believe something that is not true. especiaUy to make them do
lead sb O" something they don't reaUy want to do
let off sb or do not punish someone who has committed a crime or done someth ing wrong, or
let sb off do not punish someone severely
lean on sb try to make someone do something by threatening or persuading them (informal)
are or get mixed are or become involved in an illegal or bad activity

up in sth

E.xercises
67.1 Match the beginning of each sentence with its ending.

1 An old man was beaten into the house by a side window.
2 The thieves walked up a local bank yesterday.
3 The burglars broke off with sorne priceless antigue silver.
,as 4 The prisoner managed ro break up in his own home yesterday.
5 The thieves held out in broad daylight.
1_. 3
lICS
le! 67.2 Describe what each speaker is doing, using one of the phrasal verbs from che opposite page.
.y
y
ast
Ir was Rocky who broke
Give me all the money inro the bank, Sergeant ]ones.
in the safe or 1'11 shoot.
~
2 4
;1.
., As this is your first offence, If you don't give me that

we shall not punish you this time. confidential report, 1'11 tell your
lh
boss about your criminal pasto
d 67.3 Complete these dialogues using phrasal verbs.
Mandy: 1 suspect that young neighbour of ours has got (1) . ................................................ In
something illegal.
Rose: Yes, 1 was beginning ro think that too. He spends a lot of time with rather
suspicious-Iooking people and 1 think they may be (2) . ........................ ....... ro
doing sorne dishonest things.
te Mandy: Well, 1 suppose they could (3) . ........................ him by threatening him if he
refuses to help them.
Rose: Or he might just not realise what's happening. He was always very easily
(4 ) . . . . . . . . by people.
Mandy: Well, if he does end up in court, 1 suppose they might (5) ............................................ .
lightly as he's never been involved in crime before.
67.4 Here are sorne newspaper headlines using noun forms of phrasal verbs presented on the
opposite page. Match each headline 1-4 to the first sentence of its article a-d.
1 HOLD-UP AT BANK - $10,000 STOLEN
2 TIP-OFF LEADS TO ARREST
3 TEN BREAK-INS IN ONE NIGHT
4 THIRD BREAKOUT THIS YEAR
a) Oddways Prison is clearly not as secure as it is supposed to be.
b) Police are extremely grateful ro an anonymous caller who rang them last night.
c) Terrified staff were held at gunpoint at the National Bank on Brown Street yesterday.
d) A series of burglaries was reported in Brook Street and adjoining roads last night.

68 Power and authority
The start of a political career
Interviewer: Why did you decide ro srand for' Parliament?
Polirician: Well, I'd been a social worker for a number
of years and rhar had opened my eyes ro rhe
huge social divisions in rhis counrry. I firmly
believed rhar rhese were wrong. I wanred ro
help bring in2 laws rhar would lessen rhe
divisions berween rhe rich and rhe poor. I wanted ro do away wirh l raxes
for the poorest members of society and ro clamp down' on rich people who
were attempting ro avoid paying rax. In short, I wanted ro do everyrhing I
cou]d to stand up for 5 the principies that I believed in.
I compete in an election for an official position .. do something to stop or limit a particular
2 introduce acriviry (noun = c1ampdown)
l abolish or ger rid of 5 defend somerhing rhar you believe is imponant
Life in Parliament
Interviewer: So, once you were elecred, how did you go ahead' with your plans for social
change?
Politician: Well, alrhough sorne orher Members of Parliament from my parry backed me
Up2, rhe more influentia] ones told me nor to be roo hasry. I leamr then rhar our
party had entered into l an agreement with the country's rop business leaders
and had promised not to increase taxes for the wealthy for the time being.
Interviewer: Did you stand up to' those influential MPs?
Politician: Yes, I told them I was not in Parliament ro carry out5 the wishes of big business.
, srart ro do somerhing (noun = go-ahead: • stare opinions forcefully and refuse ro
permission for something to srart) change your mind or do what orhers want
2 supported 5 do somerhing you have been rold ro do
l officially agreed ro do somerhing
Forming a new party

Interviewer: Did orher MPs in your party still stand by' you at this point?
Politician: Not all of them, but a few very good people did stick by2 me and we
eventually decided ro break awayl and form our own new parry.
Interviewer: So, what happened next?
Politician: Unfortunately, none of us were re-elected at the next election but we have been
continuing with our campaigns and hope that at sorne point in the not too
distant future we may be able to carry out' our plans to make society a better
and fairer place.
continue to support
2 continue to support ,
l srop being part of a group beca use you disagree wirh rhem or do nor wanr ro be conrrolled by
them
• do somerhing rhat you have said you will do
11 See if you can find any more phrasal verbs relating to this theme by looking at newspaper articles about
11 political issues.

Exercises
68.1 Look at these entries from Who's Who in Polities?, a book that gives biographieal details
about politieians. Complete the entries, using verbs from the box. Write the verbs in the
correet formo
I break enter stand carry stick clamp bring stand
... 1 Drummond, Patricia First ........... ............ for Parliament io 1992 electioo but was
defeated. Eleeted in 1996 as MP for Saodford Eas!. 10. 2002, introduced a bill io Parliament to
................. dowo 00 street crime. Hobbies: badmintoo aod judo.
2 Dursland, Roger Elected to ParJiameot io 1988. MP for Hosely West. In 1991, with five other
cooservatives, he ................... , .......................... away from his party and formed the,New Progressive
Conservative Party (NPCP). In 2001, NPCP, uoder bis leadersbip ...................... ,... ioto
:ant
discussioos to merge with the Family Values Party (FVP). Hobbies: golf aod fox-huntiog.
3 Eadland, Ranilolph-Quincy-Brougb Elected lO Parliameot io 1983. MP for Chingwhale aod

Mudslappe. Member of the group which ................................................... out the 1997 rebellion agaiost
party leader Hugh Noowit. Has attempted three times to ................................................... in legislation
)ur baoniog pigeon-racing. Hobbies: sailing aod poetry.
4 Entwhistle, Loma-May Elected to Parliament io 1992. MP for Mickly North. Famous for
publiciy . . .......................... up to party leader Kennetb Drake in 1997 aod being suspended
ss. from tbe Labour Party for six moritbs. Known for ... by her colleagues,
whatever tbe price. Hobbies: rambling, painting and tbeatre,
ant
68.2 Correet the mistakes with the phrasal verbs in these political interviews,
1 Interviewer: WiJl your party now ehange its mind about its tax plans?
Politieian: No, we are determined to go towards with our proposals.
2 Interviewer: So, what wiJl happen ro the present eommittee strueture?
Politician: We intend to do up with out-of-date eommittees and to modernise the
whole eommittee strueture to make it more effieient,
3 Interviewer: Do you think Ms Reiner should now resign?
eeo Politieian: No, 1 do not, 1 and her many supporters are determined to stiek on her in
the faee of these appalling and unfair attaeks from the press,
:er 4 Iorerviewer: Did Mr Carson's remarks yesterday represeor party poliey?
Politieian: Yes, the party fully baeks Mr Carson aeross,
68_3 Rewrite eaeh sentenee, replaeing the underlined word with a phrasal verb expression based
on the word in braekets,
1 The People's Purple Party believes that the monarehy should be abolished, (DO)
2 The PPP aims to introduce legislation banning fox hunting. (BRING)
3 The PPP is determined to restriet smoking in publie plaees, (CLAMP)
4 The leader of the PPP says nothing will stop the Party fu lfillin~ its aims (CARRY)
>ut
5 He swears he will do all he can ro defend the principies the PPP supports. (STAND)
6 T he PPP has got t he Jlermission to hold a demonstration next week, (Go)
Eng/ish Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 14 1

69 American and Australian phrasal verbs
Most phrasal verbs are used in all the countries where English is the main language. However
as English has developed in different countries sorne phrasal verbs have emerged with
regional meanings. The distinctions between regional varieties of phrasal verbs are not clear-
cut. In sorne parts oE North America or Australia, UK phrasal verb equivalents are heard as
frequently as their regional variations. Similarly, many phrasal verbs originating in the US or
Australia are spreading to the UK through films and TV programmes.
North America
Here are sorne phrasal verbs more frequently used in North American varieties of English.
US verb UK equivalent meaning example

bawlout tell off speak angrily to someone The boss bawled Jack out for
for losing the deal.
call around phone/ring telephone several people, afeen in 1'11 call around and see if I can get
round arder to find out information (in a good price.
UK English eall aroun~ usually means
to visit someone)
figure out suss out or find the solution to a problem or Let's try to figure out how much
work out the answer to something I owe you.
goofoff mess aboutl behave stupidly or to waste time Tom spent too much time goofing
around doing unimportant things off and fai led his exams.
wash up freshen up clean your hands and tace with I'm sure you'd like to wash up after
soap and water (in UK English wash your journey.
up means to wash the dishes)
US English sometimes adds a particle where UK English would use the verb on its own. For
example, an American might say Wait up! or Listen up! rather than Wait! or Listen! These
are used mainly as imperatives and the up emphasises the idea that the speaker is giving a
command. Americans can also visit with friends or meet with colleagues, whereas a British
speaker would ¡ust visit or meet them.
Australia
Here are sorne phrasal verbs which are typical of Australian English.
Australian UK equivalen! mean;ng example

verb
barrack cheer for give support to a team or person 1'11 be barracking for you in the
for competition tomorrow.
belt into throw yourself begin to do something quickly We just belted into the job and
into and with a lot of effort got it finished in an hour.
get into lay into criticise She really got into me.1 didn't
think I deserved so much criticismo
shoot do a runner leave a place suddenly and often He's not here any more. He shot
through secretly through a couple of days ago.

Exercises
:ver 69.1 Match the questions on the left with the most likely American English replies on the right.
1 Would you Iike to wash up? Dunno. 1 can't figure out why it's not working.
lr- 2 What's wrong with the TV? To visit with sorne friends.
LS 3 Why is she so upset? Dunno. I'1l call around a few places.
Or 4 Where will you buy your new TV? Because 1 goofed off so mucho
5 Where's Jo gone? Her parents have just bawled her out.
6 Why d'you think you failed the test? Sure. Where's the restroom?
69.2 Complete these things an Australiau might say, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 Cheryl is very upset beca use Lance has ................................................... just before their wedding.
2 Joeline really ........................................ MeI for leaving the flat in such a mess.
3 Bruce tends to ................................................... a job without thinking it through first.
4 Have you decided who you're going to .. . .................................. in the game tomorrow?
:et 69.3 Here are sorne things that British people rnight sayo Write what an American or an Australian
might say instead.
1 1 expect your grandmother will want to freshen up when she arrives.
American: .
h 2 The teacher laid into me for doing such abad essay.
Australian: .
ng 3 Willlost his job for skiving off to go to a concer!.
American: .
4 Suzie threw herself into the spring cleaning and the house was soon transformed.
ter Australian: .
5 Could you phone around to find the cheapest place to rent a car?
American: .
6 1 can't work out why he's behaving so oddly.
or American: .
e 7 He did a runner last month and the police have been looking for him ever since.
Australian: .
h 8 I'1l be ready soon. Wait!
American: .
9 I'm visiting my aunt at the weekend. Would you Iike to come too?
American: .
Hi! Welcome to our
Texas home! Would you
like to wash up after
yourlong;ourney?
e
sm.

~
70 New phrasal verbs

Many new phrasal verbs are invented in English every year. Sorne are invented beca use of
social change and the need ro develop words to describe new phenomena. These new phrasal
verbs are particularly common in informal language and are frequently used by the media
and young people so as ro sound up-to-date and lively.
New phrasal verbs particularly used by the media and young people
I
be partied out have had enough of parties because you Alter a whole week 01 birthday
have been to so many celebrations, I feel totally partied out!
big up 5th or praise something very highly He bigged up that new film but when I
big sth up went to see it I was really disappointed.
bliss out become or make someone beco me They blissed out on music.
(olten + on) totally happy and relaxed
buy into 5th completely believe in a se! of ideas I don't really buy i"to all that
homeopathic medicine stuff.
chill out relax completely. or not allow things to Chill out! Life's too short to get so
upset you stressed!
sex up 5th or make something seem more exciting Sports promoters are trying to sex up
sex sth up than it really is cricket for the younger generation.
text back sb or send a text message in reply 1'11 text you back when my meeting
text sb back finishes.
I
More examples of new phrasal verb expressions
Hi,Tanya
I (adjective) very worried and
How are things with you? Better than with me, I hopeo I feel
totally stressed-out I .
anxlOus
Things started badly when I was late for work today - I 2 (noun) money from your bank
needed some money and stopped at a shop where I bought account that you can get from a
a load of things I didn't really need but they still refused me shop when you buy goods with a
cashback 2.
debit card
Then when I got to work I discovered that today wasn't
a dress-down J day as I'd thought - and everyone else was
3 (adjective) used about a day for
looking smart while l'd come in my jeans. Then 1discovered dressing in less formal c10thes
that all the e-mails I sent yesterday have bounced back" than normal
to me. I feel like screaming! l've been working soooo hard for • didn't get ro their destina60n and
soooo long - I think I'm suffering from burnout5!
have been sent back
I wish I had load s of money - I'd go and veg out6 in the S (noun) the condition of being ill
Caribbean.
or tired beca use you have been
Penny
working too hard
6 relax by doing nothing (informal)
B listen and look out for new phrasal verbs when you are watching a film or TY or reading a newspaper
or magazine.

Exercises
70.1 Complete these sentences with words from the opposite page.
asal 1 This hotel is so awesome, mano I cou ld just ............................................... out on this view for the
whole weekend.
2 I want to stay at home this evening - I' m partied ..
3 The government has been accused of .. . . ............. up a report on economic growth.
4 I don't ................................................. into her theories about global corruption, do yo u?
5 Sophie had ............................................. .... up her new boyfriend so much that we were all surprised
at how ordinary he seemed when we finally met him.
6 I haven't got any money. Let's see if we can get sorne .................................................. when we're at
t! the supermarket.
7 Let's rent a video and just veg ................................................... at home this evening.
8 Nearly one in six teachers suffers from . .................... at sorne point in their career.
70.2 Answer these questions using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
1 What will probably happen if you get an
e-mail address wrong?
2 What phrasal verb connects vegeta bies and
relaxation?
3 What phrasal verb connects cold weather
and relaxation?
'p 4 What might the result be if you work too
hard for too long?
5 What is the money called whieh you can get
in a supermarket by paying for more than
the eost of the goods you're buying? Peter and Claire were chilling out beside
6 Whieh eommon adjeetive has eombined with the pool.
up to form a new phrasal verb?
7 What phrasal verb is based on a noun meaning eestasy or complete happiness ?
8 What do you cal! a day at work when everyone comes in informal clothes?
9 What eould you do if someone texted yo u?
10 Find three phrasal verbs from the opposite page that are conneeted with relaxation.
a 11 Find three words from the opposite page that are eonneeted with modem teehnology.
ha 12 Find two words from the opposite page that are eonneeted with being tense.
)[
70.3 Write responses to these statements, using phrasal verbs from the opposite page.
EXAMPLE Have you got any money with you? No. l'lL gtt 50me w.sl1bo.d:.
1 Let's just have a really relaxing holiday, doing nothing mueh at all!
,nd 2 Can you let me know when you get my text message?
3 What do you think abo ut his idea of using aromatherapy in the offiee?
ill 4 Don't you want to come to ]oe's birthday party with me?
5 I thought you were going to e-mail me sorne information about that eompany?
6 ]ane is so tense at work. She really shou ldn 't take things so seriously.
nal) 7 Why are you wearing jeans to go to work?
8 What did the reviews say about the coneert?
•• r
English Phrasal V.rbs in Use 145

Key
Unit I
1.1 1 I sent off the order last week but the goods haven't turoed up yet.
2 I came across an interesring book in rhe Iibrary. I took down rhe rirle. Here ir is.
3 We asked some friends around to watch a film , but the video was playing up and it
eventually broke down.
4 I brought up this probJem at the Jast meeting. Ir's really time to sort out the problem.
5 I wish he'd stop messing us about! He's P1!1 the meeting off three times and now he
wants to call it off altogether.
1.2 1 send off = post turo up =arrive
2 come across = find take down = write
3 ask around = invite home play up = not work properly break down = stop working
4 bring up = mention sort out = deal with
5 mess about = cause inconvenience put off = postpone call off = cancel
1.3 1 Correct
2 Incorrect: the object must come after the partide.
She looked after the children when their mother was in hospital.
3 Correct
4 Incorrect: this verb is used without an object.
We ate out and had a wonderful meal last night.
5 Incorrect: the object must be human.
Ir was a beautiful summer evening so I asked my new colleague out for a drink.
1.4 1 on 2 with 3 against 4 with 5 with
Unit 2
2.1 1 broke 2 cut 3 get 4 keep 5 pick 6 turo
2.2 The partide could be put in a difierent position in sentences 2 and 6:
2 The heavy snow bJocked the roads and eut off the farm completely.
6 This is a really stupid programme. Please turo off the TV.
2.3 1 Abstraet Go against here means oppose or defy.
2 Concrete Cut out here mean s use scissors to remove the ad from the paper or
magazme.
3 Abstraet Cut out here means stopped running.
Abstract Broke down here means stopped working altogether.
Abstract Turned up here means arrived .
4 Concrete Dress up here means dress in formal dothes or your best dothes.
5 Abstract Went through here means experieneed
2.4 1 They just brushed aside my complaints; it made me very angry. Or They just brushed
my eomplaints aside.
2 I fell for his story about having lost all his money. How stupid I was!
3 I couldn't make out what he was saying with all the noise.
4 Could you chase up Janet's report? She promised it last week but I haven't seen it yet.
Or Could you ehase Janet's report up?
5 If you are phoning from outside the country, leave out the first zero in the city codeo
Or ... leave the first zero in the city code out.

2.5 1 The government have issued a statement condemning the recent protests.
2 The union accepted the new pay deal and cancelled the strike.
3 The number of people not owning a TV set nowadays has declined dramatically.
4 There was a disturbance in Blackmoor Prison yesterday and three prisoners escaped.
5 Could you organise lunch for our visitors? There will be four of them.
Unit 3
3.1 1 The speaker went with her brothers.
2 No, she didn't go inro Di's house.
3 Mark was in a higher position.
4 The speaker went ro the Richardson's house.
5 round
3.2 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b
ng
3.3 1 Incorrect. The object must come between the verb and the particle:
1 have three important meetings on tomorrow.
2 Correct
3 Incorrect. The object must come between the verb and the particle:
Sue was only having her sisters on when she told them she was planning ro become a
mode!.
4 Incorrect. This meaning of the phrasal verb have on is never used in the continuous
formo
I have a lot of work on today.
5 Correct
6 Incorrect. The object must come before the particle beca use it is a pronoun:
Ruth was wearing new jeans this morning and she had them on yesterday.
3.4 1 Can you move over to make room for your sister?
2 When Jill finished her essay, she asked Harry ro read it overo
3 Jim has invited me back ro his house tomorrow.
4 Paul was only having his parents on when he told them he'd failed his driving test.
5 What do you ha ve on romorrow?
6 Sue had the light on in her bedroom, so I knew she was at horneo
Or Sue had on the light in her bedroorn, so I knew she was at home.
Unit 4
4.1 phrasa/ verb verb + partide noun
showoff show-off
warm up warm-up
hold on none
hide out hideout
turn over turnQver
tear down nene

t.

4.2 1 pile-up 2 cutbacks 3 outcry 4 bystanders
5 breakthrough
4.3 1 getaway 2 off-putting 3 throwaway 4 outgoing
5 bygone
4.4 1 get away 2 put off 3 throwaway 4 go out 5 go by
4.5 1 1 was looking for a way to turn off the photocopier - There's the onloff switch.
2 Have your heard about the scandal in the office? - Mm, amazing goings-on!
3 The economy's not doing so well these days. - Yes, there's been a downturn.
4 A database can organise all the information you type into it. - Yes, but 1 don't
understand the input.
5 You ha ve to consider how much yo u spend each month. - 1 know, 1 need to watch my
o utgoings.
Unit 5
5.1 1 d 2 f 3 e 4 a 5 c 6 b
5.2 1 a) 1 put my feet in a puddle of water and my feet are very wet now.
b) 5he intervened or became involved to stop the argument from becoming more serious.
The connection between the meanings is the sense of going into the middle of something.
2 a) This programme is rubbish. 1 wish you'd turn off the TV.
b) The lecture so boring that 1 stopped paying attention.
The connection between the meanings is the sense of a break in continuiry.
3 a) There's a hole in my bago 1 think my pen must have fallen from the bag onto the
ground or floor.
b) He stopped going to co llege before the end of his course and beca me a mechanic.
The connection between the meanings is the sense of leaving a place or environment.
4 a) We fixed che boxes to the roof of the car by using ropes.
b) Mark dreams of travelling but he doesn't feel free to do it because he is trapped by
his family and work responsibilities.
The connection between the meanings is the sen se of being unable to move or being
restricted.
5.3 1 What are you really trying to say ? 1 wish you would say exactl y what you mean!
2 The teacher did a ll she could to repeat the vocabulary so frequently that her pupils
knew it well before the exam.
3 The old education system used to remove the best pupils and teach them in separate
schools.
4 The noise of the chi ldren's music made it impossible for me to hea r the television.
5.4 Sugges ted answer:
As the ra in didn't stop, the football game was cancelled. So the team began discussing its
strategy for the next match instead. We didn 't (eave the c1ubhouse until the c1eaners
arrived in the evening.
Unit 6
6.1 1 apare 5 along
2 o ut 6 o ut
3 arou nd/round 7 out
4 out

6.2 Suggested answers:
1 Ken: Really? How did that come about?
2 Ivan: Huh! Do you think it will ever come off?
3 Fran: When do you think you'll come to a decision?
4 Ulla: Yes, I was intending to, but right at the last minute something
carne up.
6.3
************************* @
~ ~ ~;" _~ ~
. You
SCORPIO
may come up against a few problems at work today, but ~
don't worry, they're only temporary, and a new job opportunity
will come up whích could change your life. The name oí an oId
. 00"","0"", _ """, =moó".
TAURUS*************************
You will come across someone who 5eems to share the same
world view as you, but be careful, they are not what they seem
to be. Don't forget that, in the end, true love comes down to
finding someone you can trust.
Unit 7
7.1 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 b 5 a 6 a 7 d
1 How do you and Joe get on? - We're great friends.
2 What exactly are you getting at? - Let me put it another way for you.
3 How do you get by 011 a student grant? - I manage somehow, though it
isn't easy.
4 How did you get so behind? - I just wasn't organised enough.
5 When are you going to get tound to it? - 50011, I promise.
6 Shall we get together this evel1ing? - Sure, that would be nice.
7 Will you manage to get away soon? - I certainly hope so.
7.3 1 l've been planning to sort out my files but I haven't got around/round to it yet.
2 I can't get over how much money they spent on their New Year's party.
3 Don't try to get away with not paying your train fare - an inspector might come on and
want to see your ticket.
4 The teachers in the school often get together after work on Fridays in a café near the
schoo!.
5 They got around/round the problem of offending anyone and just invited all their
friends to the wedding.
6 I usually find it quite hard to understand what Professor Mactoft is getting at in his
ts
lectures.
7 I hope I can get away with not sending any Christmas cards this year.
8 Emily has got terribly/very behind with her thesis.

Unit 8
8.1 1 through 2 off 3 through 4 without 5 on 6 about
1 I'm thinking of going in for the New York Marathon next year.
2 My father went through sorne difficult times in his life.
3 Unemployment and high crime levels often go together.
4 He decided to go through with the operation even though there were risks.
5 I refused to go along with their decision to close the youth club.
6 I didn't realise how late it was and I went on studying till after midnight.
7 We had to go without hot water for 24 hours while they were repairing the pipes.
8 Do you think I should go in for the advanced level exam? Ir might be too difficult.
9 She just went off without saying goodbye. I wonder if I offended her?
10 What was going on in the staffroom at lunchtime? I heard someone shouting.
8.3 1 b 2 e 3 e 4 e
Unit 9
9.1 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 e 5 b
9.2 1 forward
2 around/round (out is also possible here)
3 after
4 ahead or forward
5 down
6 at (over is also possible here)
9.3 be an onlooker
the end of the exams
....... ~ /
forward to
~.'W
_ ith. o. u.t.g.et.t.in.g.in. v.o..lv.ed_:....
LOO K
carefully at ~ out tor the police while
she steals the bike
our plan s for the future and ~---

act as the lookout
make a decision
9.4 1 find the new words in a dictionary

2 visited an old friend who I hadn't seen for a long time (when you go to the town or
country where that person lives)
3 the situation is improving
4 quickly examined the report
5 examined the report (rather more carefully than looking over it)
6 investigating the murder
Unit 10
10.1 1 Pete 2 Jane 3 Drew 4 Lars 5 Melanie
10.2 1 As soon as we had checked in at the hotel, we made straight for the beach.
2 She made up sorne story about the bus being late, but I'm sure she just overslept.

3 Nobody could make out why the camera was not working properly. (The sentence is
now in the active voice beca use make out cannot be used in the passive.)
4 Harry is very good at making up stories for the children; they love his tales.
5 Can you make out what that white thing on the horizon is? (Verb and partide cannot
be separated.)
6 The report is made up of three sentences. (In this sense of make up the verb and partide
cannot be separated.)
Unit 1\
11.1 1 I like sleeping in tents but 1 don't like putting them up. (When the object is a prono un,
it must go before the partide.)
2 Correct
3 We put a new dishwasher in last week. It's wonderful. Or We put in a new dishwasher
last week. It's wonderful.
4 Correct
5 That Iight is too strong. Shall we put it out? (When the object is a pronoun, it must go
before the partide.)
11.2 1 up 2 on 3 in 4 off 5 out 6 onto or on to
1 Could you put the light out please. You don't need them on. Or Could you put out the
light ...
2 They're putting up sorne new buildings near the railway station. Or They're putting
sorne new buildings up ...
3 The Boy Scouts put their tent up very quickly and then started unpacking their things.
Or The Boy Scouts put their tent up ...
4 Could we possibly put our meeting back to 10 o'dock? Or Could we possibly put back
our meeting ...
5 When we moved into our new house we decided to put in a new, more attractive
fireplace. Or ... we decided to put a new, more attractive fireplace in.
6 Can you put that CD on, please. 1 work better with music in the background.
i 1.4 1 b 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 e
Unit 12
12.1 1 bought a new jacket but it had a mark on it so 1 took it back.
The shop assistant took me offside and told me that aside
if I was prepared to keep the jacket she would take-away' off
ten per cent. 1 didn't really take in what she was saying at ,/
first, but once 1 understood, I decided to take her _ on the offer. up
12.2 1 Kim: OK, OK. Sorry, 1 shouldn't have said it. I take it back. Or 1 take back what
1 said.
2 Ciare: Yes, she's really taken to it. She's so taken up with it that she's stopped going
to the swimming pool.
3 Len: Well, I'm not surprised! I warned you not to take it apart in the first place.
not take apart it)
English Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 15 1

4 Miriam: Well, why don't you take up golf? Or ... take golf up?
S Paul: It's what you get when you take flS away from f4S. Or It's what you get
when you take away flS from f4S.
6 Terry: Yes, teaching 28 hours a week really takes it out of me.
7 Kersty: Yes, he just took off without even saying goodbye.
Unit 13
13.1 Possible answers:
1 She needs to tidy up the kitchen.
2 She needs to sweep up the food the child has dropped on the floor. Or She needs to
sweep up the rubbish from the floor.
3 She must hang up the coat.
4 Toys are jumbled up on the floor.
S When she has cleared everything up, she might fee! tired but happy.
13.2 1 turned or showed
2 liven
3 chop
4 shows or turns
S opened
13.3 1 b 2 a or d 3 e 4 a or b s e 6 d 7 b or d 8 b
13.4 1 The up can be left out of the following sentences:
1 spent al! morning yesterday clearing (up) my study.
After that 1 tried to tidy (up) my bedroom.
There were dirty clothes al! jumbled (up) in apile on the floor.
Then 1 discovered the washbasin was clogged (up) in the bathroom, so 1 had to
clear that.
By that time I'd used (up) al! my energy ...
Eat (up) your vegetables, children!
Drink (up) your juice!
Paul's used (up) al! the milk.
She's just opened (up) a restaurant serving exotic food from different countries.
No, she has a business partner and they divide (up) the work - and the profits!
She spends half the day chopping (up) food and cleaning the kitchen.
In the other example sentences on the opposite page the up is essential.
2 In the sentences where the word up is not essential, using it seems to add a meaning of:
- either something being done complete!y (tidy up, clear up, jumble up, clog up, eat up,
drink up, use up).
- or something being made into lots of smal! pieces (divide up, chop up). This meaning
can be seen in verbs such as smash up, cut up, tear up.
Unit 14
14.1 1 I'l! show you out, if you like.
2 For sorne reason my name was left out of the guest listo
3 I've locked myse!f out of my caro
4 He can seelshow himself out - there's no need to take him there.
S She cut out pictures of her pop idol from the music magazines.
6 The security guard let us out of the building site.

14.2 1 lost
2 try
3 help
4 locked
5 cut
6 show or see, see, let
14.3 1 He's locked himself out of his caro
2 She's left out the letter E. Or She's left the letter E out.
3 The DVD of Star Lords video is coming out soon. Or Star Lords is coming out on
DVD soon.
14.4 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 d 5 b
Unit 15
15. 1 1 sold
2 broke
3 clear or slip or run (Clear suggests that the speaker is more annoyed.)
4 see
5 head or slip (Slip emphasises the idea of leaving discreetly. Clear would sound too
abrupt and informal in this context.)
6 dozed
7 send
8 Iift or lifting
15.2 1 It won't take her long to run off the letters you asked her to do.
2 I often doze off in boring lectures.
3 Let's try and slip off before the others wake up.
4 In the middJe of a long speech the actor suddenJy broke off and ran off the stage.
5 I've sent all the students' exam results off. Or I've sent off all the students' exam results.
6 The schooJ disco has put her off discos in general. Or The schooJ disco has turned her
off discos in general.
7 Tell that boy in our front garden 10 clear off - he's annoying rhe dogo
8 Fortunately, he laughed off rhe criricism of his acring. Or He laughed the criticism of
his acting off.
15.3 Author's answers:
1 1 rhink I'd probably just laugh ir off.
2 I'd be most likely ro doze off in front of a political discussion.
of:
3 My husband, son and dog usually see me off if I go on a journey on my own.
up,
4 I can usually run off an English essay quickly as long as the subjecr is not roo difficulr.
5 A lecrurer might break off in the middle oí a talk if someone raised their hand 10 ask a
.ng
question.
6 If you plan 10 slip off during a party, you're inrending to go quietly wirhour lerting
anyone know thar you have gone.
7 If someone tells sorne children ro 'elear off', rhey probably feel eross or annoyed wirh
them.
8 I might be put off eating my dinner if I saw a hair on the plate.

15.4 1 l'm going to see James off at the airport tomorrow. Or l'm going to see off James at the
airport tomorrow.
2 l've just sent off a letter ro Pauline. Or l've sent a lerter to Pauline off.
3 The racket is due to lift off tomorrow at noon. (Note that there is also a noun lift-off:
The lift-off is due at noon tomorrow.)
4 1 hope l've managed ro turn him off the idea of redecorating the house. Or 1 hope ['ve
managed to put him off the idea of redecorating tbe house.
5 1 dozed off when alI the others went off to play tennis.
6 We're planning ro head off in the early evening.
Unit 16
16.1 1 1 read the gardening article you gave me then passed it on to a friend who's also
interested in plants.
2 Do you think she's realIy angry, or do you think she's just putting it on?
3 He looks very pale and tired. Something is clearly weighiug on/upon him.
Or Something is clearly weighing on/upon his mind.
4 !t's a lovely jacket. Try it on.
5 ['m going to keep on working until l've finished this reporto
6 You can rely/depend/count on/upon Brian.
16.2 1 False, because keep on means to continue to do something, and Anwar has decided to
telI Osear the new tomorraw.
2 False, beca use take in means to reduce the width of a piece of clothing, and Alice's skir!
was too loose.
3 True
4 True
5 False, beca use count on means rely on, and Bob has been able to rely on his parents'
support.
6 True
16.3 1 Hey, that man just pushed in - that taxi should have been ours!
2 Mary's bad news has been weighing on my mind alI day.
3 I need time for the news to sink in.
4 I couldn't leave the room because someone had locked me in. (You are locked out of a
room if you cannot get in.)
5 Phrasal verbs may seem hard but you must keep on trying.
6 You'lI never guess who calIed in at the office roday!
FoIlow up
Possible answers:
pass on = to die
e.g. l'm so sorry to hear that your dad has passed on.
take in = to let someone stay in your house
e.g. She took me in for a month while the building work was done on my house.
rub sth in (informal) = to talk to someone about something which you know they want
to forget because they feel bad about it
e.g. 1 know I shouldn't have failed the exams, but there's no need ro keep rubbing it in.

Unit 17
17.1 1 We know that Jamie's luggage is heavy andlor that there is a lot of it.
2 Yes, but she's trying to eat less chocolate than she used too Though she would probably
ff:
be quite happy if she could cut it out totally. [stop eating it completely1
3 He wrote it rather than taped it.
've
4 No, it has closed permanently, not just for the evening.
5 Perhaps they did it because the bushes were so big that they were blocking the !ight or
blocking the path.
17.2 1 shut 2 cut 3 hand 4 chopped 5 keep 6 go
17.3 1 Read through, ¡ook through and go through are all possible. Using through perhaps
suggests more thoroughness than over whieh can be quite superficial. However, the
difference is very slight.
2 They all share an idea of ehange or of moving from one state or time to another:
stay over =staying from one day to the next
get over = ehange from feeling bad to feeling better
fall over = change from a vertical to a horizontal position
3 a) heaviness which causes difficulty
b) put on paper
c) move in the direction of the ground
d) stop an activity
e) reduce a number or amount, or not let it rise
4 a) communicating or expressing clearly
b) move to make more room for someone else
e) examine to make sure they are eorreet
d) hit it with their foot so that it spills
" e) flow over the side of the pan
Unit 18
18.1 1 mess about/(a)round behave stupidly or waste time
2 hang about/(a)round spend time somewhere not doing very much
3 lie about/(a)round lie down doing very litde
4 sit about/(a)round spend time sitting down and doing very !itde
5 laze about/(a)round relax, enjoy yourself and do very little
18.2 1 lies or lazes 2 hanging 3 sitting 4 lazing or lying 5 messmg
1 Do you want to wait/stiek around after the meeting? 1 finish work at 5 p.m. and 1
could show/take you (a)round the old town.
2 Nothing much happened at the demonstration. We just stood about/(a)round and held
our banners up.
3 They spend most weekends just hanging/messing about/(a)round in their boat; they
don't really sail it seriously.
4 On my first day, the boss showedltook me (a)round the workshop and introdueed me
to various people l'd be working with.
5 At the drinks party people were just milling about/(a)round hoping to find someone
they knew.
6 Look, l'm sorry, 1 don't want to mess you about/around, but 1 wonder if we could
postpone our meeting till next week?

18.4 1 I've got to leave now, but 1'11 see you somewhere or other.
2 Don't tell me what to do.
3 I'm just looking to see what you have.
4 My suitcase got a bit damaged on the planeo
S He told the kids to stop behaving so badly.
Unit 19
19.1 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 f S d 6 e
19.2 1 sen! S put
2 lives 6 could do
3 go 7 stick
4 couldn't ask 8 catching
19.3 1 go, with
2 call for
3 dying for
4 dealt with
S catch up with
19.4 1 l couldn't put up with such noisy neighbours as yourS.
2 It's been such a busy week. I'm dying for the weekend.
3 Jean's shoes go perfectly with her handbag.
4 AII the students at his university were rooting for Kyle in the golf championship.
S l couldn't ask for a better jobo
6 Stella lives for her grandson.
Unit 20
1 Let me take you through the way we do things here.
2 Don't worry, l saw through Leo the first moment l met him.
3 I'm so sorry. l set my alarm but slept through it.
4 Could you go through these figures and see if you can find any mistakes?
S You don't need to read it in detail. Just flickiflip/look through it.
6 Well, she has lived through sorne terrible things over the last few years.
20.2 1 take or took, take 4 bite
2 bite S go
3 send 6 answer
1 Joe rang while you were out. Please could you calIJphonelring him back.
(not call1paone/Úng aack aim)
2 l don't like these trousers l bought today. l think 1'11 take them back.
(not talo e aack taem)
3 Harry missed his train this morning beca use he slept through his alarmo (not ae slept Ilis
alarm taroHga)
4 Ellen isn't really reading the magazine; she's jusI flickingiflipping through il.
(not flickinglflipping it taroHga)
S l wanted to tell her how upset l was bUI l managed to bite it back. (not aite aack it)

Unit 21
21.1 1 At the supermarket yesterday Julia rao ioto Martio.
2 Kim is gettiog over his brokeo heart by throwiog himself ioto his studies.
3 Wheo she saw me dressed up as a pirate she burst ioto laughter.
4 He doeso't thiok before he speaks so doo't read too much ioto his words.
5 lo your essay you should have gooe more fully ioto the causes of the war.
6 We were disagreeiog about the film aod then Jo eotered ioto the argumeot.
7 The police are doing all they can to look ioto what happened.
21.2 1 runmog away
2 tidy away or pack away
3 stay away from
4 locked herself away
5 seot away for
6 tear yourself away
1 I was very surprised when Helen burst into tears/laughterlsong.
2 It makes seose to stay away from dangerous parts of town at night.
3 My best friend always throws himself into everything he does.
4 Sometimes l'd really like to run away from all my problems and go and live on an
island.
5 I find this ¡ob so stressful. I really should look into other possible careers.
6 When I weot to the town ceotre last week I ran ioto my old headmistress.
7 Before moving house I speot weeks packing away all my personal belongings.
8 Whenever visitors are coming, I usually tidy away anything that is Iying around.
21.4 1 e 2 e 3 a 4 d 5 b
A number of the phrasal verbs with into are connected with going into something in
detail: look ioto sth, read sth into sth, go ioto sth, throw yourself ioto sth.
Other phrasal verbs with into are connected with starting something: burst into sth, en ter
into sth, launch into sth.
Others are connected with meeting someone or something: run ioto sth/sb, bump into
sthlsb, bang into sth.
The phrasal verbs with away are all connected with separation, keeping somethiog at a
distance or putting something in a separa te place.
Unit 22
22.1 1 pressed 4 bring, fit
2 run 5 press
3 dock, dock 6 take
22.2 Suggested questions:
1 What do you usually do at weekends? Or How do you spend your evenings?
2 How did he fail the exam? Or Why did he drop out of the course?
3 How long have you known himlher?
,)

4 Is that girl a friend of yours?
5 Why do you always carry a personal stereo? O, Why have you got your portable chess
game with you?
6 Shall we leave now?
22.3 1 We had to wait an hour for the next train, so we went for a walk ro while away the
time.
2 A young French woman latched on to me at the party last night. 1 think she wanted to
practise her English.
3 1 dock on at 7.30 a.m. every morning. 0,1 dock on at work at 7.30 a.m. every
mornmg.
4 We have ro finish this job by six o'dock. We'd better press on with it.
5 1 just don't know how we're going ro fit three meetings in before the summer break.
0,1 just don't know how we're going to fit in three meetings before the summer break.
Unit 23
23.1 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 a
23.2 1 In (a) the lecture simply went on for longer than expected. In (b) the person found it
slow and boring.
2 In (a) John delayed us whereas in (b) he made us move or work faster.
3 In (a) the song reminds the speaker of their childhood whereas in (b) the speaker simply
says that the song was written when he was a child.
4 In (a) the children were walking much more quickly than the speaker whereas in (b) the
speaker was trying to make the children walk faster.
23.3 1 Time seems to pass more quickly as you get older.
2 Music and smells have great powers ro remind you of the past.
3 Mr Jones looks or be ha ves like people used to look or behave in the pastó in other
words, he is very old-fashioned in sorne way.
4 We should forget what happened in the past. (The implication is that there have been
problems, arguments or conflicts in the past, but that you now want to make peace.)
5 You never know what the future holds for you.
23.4 Suggested answers: ,
1 The old oillamps in my grandfather's house looked like leftovers from a bygone era,
2 The smell of chalk always takes me back to my schooldays.
3 There was a hold-up on the motorway beca use of an accidento
4 Sometimes, if the textbook is boring, the lesson seems ro drag on.
5 We can never know what lies ahead.
6 There are sorne leftover pizzas from the party. Would you like one?
Unit 24
1 The fields stretch away to the horizon.
2 The house is tucked away in the foresto
3 There are small houses spread out over the landscape.
4 The house on the island is cut off from the mainland.
5 The room opens onto a balcony.

24.2 1 stay in
less 2 stayout
3 leave something behind
4 stay behind OY stay on
5 brighten up
6 stay on
7 ca11 back
1to
24.3 1 I left my floppy disk behind at the computer elass. 1'11 have to go back and see if it's sti11
in the machine.
2 When you were a teenager, did your parents a110w you ro stay out late?
3 Shop assistaot: I'm afraid your photographs aren't ready yet. Ir wi11 be another couple
of hours.
:eak. Customer: Okay. 1'11 ca11 back romorrow.
4 We've decided ro paiot the kitchen ro brighten it up a bit. Ir's so gloomy and du11 at the
momento
5 I'm rea11y tired . I think 1'11 stay in tonight and not go ro the party after a11, sorry.
6 The teacher asked the naughty boy ro stay behind after the lesson.
it 7 We loved the resoft so much we decided to stay on another week, even though our
friends had gone home.
mply Unit 25
25.1 1 brings back 3 lies behind 5 sparked off
) the 2 spring from 4 stir up 6 set, off
25.2 1 off 3 bring 5 ruled 7 stir
2 set 4 off 6 off 8 pay
25.3 1 fireworks 4 memones
2 suspects 5 reforms
en 3 violence 6 feelings
:.)
25.4 1 stir up 5 sparked off OY triggered off
2 pay him back 5 ruled out
3 triggered off OY sparked off 6 sprang from
a.
Unit 26
26.1 1 picked up OY gone up 2 heating up 3 going up 4 fi11ing up
26.2 1 woke up 2 looking up
26.3 6
P 'G 'w
sp A 1 O
le H A N G E o V E R
A E N
2S T U e K
3
E G E T
'B L o W

26.4 1 The changeover ro rhe new accounting sysrem has caused endless problems.
2 There was a lor of rrouble in rhe office la sr month, bur ir's all blown over now and
rhings are back ro normal.
3 Shalll heat up that pizza for you? 1 expect it's gone cold by now.
4 All these old telephones will be phased out over the next year and we'll get new, digital
ones.
Unit 27
27.1 1 fall through 4 rake off or catch on
2 take over S bring off or pull off
3 downfall 6 come off
27.2 1 S 4 S 7 S
2 S S S 8 F
3 F or S' 6 S 9 S
'>If you are muddling through, you are managing, even if not very well, so it could be S as
well as F.
27.3 Hisrory muddle through
Marhs build on
English catch up
Geography sta y ahead
Physics pay off
1 Miranda walked into a job in London.
2 Jim's hard work eventually paid off.
3 The company is hoping ro pull off an important deal this week.
4 Rache! never expected her singing career ro take off so quickly.
S The project may well fall through beca use of a lack of funds.
6 Teri finds ir hard to keep up with rhe other kids in her class.
7 The new design of mobile phone has caught on almost overnight.
8 Top software companies are finding it increasingly difficult to stay ahead (of their
competitors).
Unit 28
28.1 1 started, outset, packed
2 set, polish or finish, broke, finish or polish
3 give, cut, fizzled
4 drying, call
1 1 should set about filling in my annual tax forms.
2 1 was planning on going ro Spain at New Year, but had to call off the trip beca use
1 was ill.
3 Playing the guitar he!ps me ro wind down.
4 1 eat too much chocolate and should cut down on that.
S 1 once started tennis lessons but gave them up after a few weeks.

Follow up
Possible answers:
start on sth = to begin to deal with something
start over (American English) = to start doing something from the beginning beca use you
ital
did not do it well the first time
start up = to start to work (of a vehicle or engine)
Unit 29
29. 1 1 Ir is probably on a high shelf or in a high cupboard.
2 No, she's only gone for a short time, or at least that is what the speaker is implying.
3 He has to move closer to someone.
4 Sonia has to move more beca use she has to actually change seats rather than just move
a litde bit further along.
5 No, the speaker expects you to use your hands to tear it.
, as 6 She's probably about to go outside beca use she is putting her coat on.
29.2 1 The children helped me to wrap up the parcel. Or The children helped me to wrap the
parcel up.
2 Can you tie up Billy's shoe laces for him? Or Can you tie Billy's shoe laces up for him?
3 Pick up the ball at once. Or Pick the ball up at once.
4 Slow down - it's beginning to snow.
5 Jillloves blowing up balloons! Or Jillloves blowing balloons up.
1 The tree has fallen down.
2 She's reaching out to put money in the machine.
3 He's blowing up a balloon. Or He's blowing a balloon up.
4 He's picking up a toy caro Or He's picking a toy car up.
5 He's tearing up a photo. Or He's tearing a photo up.
6 She's wrapping up a presento Or She's wrapping a present up.
29.4 1 slowed 2 reached 3 pop 4 blow
Unit 30
30.1 1 stamp 2 root 3 falling 4 screwed or tore 5 knocked
30.2 1 tear apart The lions are tearing a dead animal aparto Or The lions are tearing apart
a dead animal.
2 put out The firefighters are putting out a fire. Or The firefighters are putting a
fire out.
3 pull down or tear down He is pulling/tearing the building down. Or He is
pulling/tearing down the building.
30.3 1 Gisela: Yes, well, it was a bit of a setback but I've applied for a different grant, and
hope I'll get that.
2 Dan: Well, my parents have lent me sorne money to see me through while ['m
studying.
Note that: 'see through me' is not possible here. 'See through somebody'
means to become aware that they are deceiving you; see Unit 20.
3 Hilda: Yes, but they are fighting back now and their union is much stronger.
4 Bob: Oh yes, he bent over backwards to help me.

5 Eric: Yes, 1 made an innocent comment and she just turned on me.
Note that 'turned me o n' is not possible here. 'Turn somebody on' means to
excite them; see Unit 52.
6 Gareth: OK, don't worry, 1'11 see to it.
Unit 31
31.1 1 Mandy 2 Paula 3 Dennis and Anne 4 Ali
31.2 1 turn clown 6 bubbling over
2 ordering, about or around 7 deal with
3 lea ve, aside 8 keep to
4 get on to 9 pass on
5 turn to
3 1.3 1 speak up = to speak more loudly

2 get through to someone =ro make someone understand
3 speak up = ro publicly express your opinions about something or someone, especially in
order to support them
4 get across something or get something across = to successfully communicate an idea to
other people
5 butt in (informal) = to interrupt a conversation or discussion, often stopping someone
who is talking
6 dry up = to stop speaking beca use you forget what to say next
Unit 32
32. 1 1 freshen up
2 dress up
3 (to) do up or (to) do my dress up
4 wrap up, put on or put a scarf on
32.2 1 1 don't want ro wear my new jacket ronight. You can put it on if you like.
Note that pronouns always go before the particle.
2 Although the house looked rundown from the outside, it was very smart/eleanl
well-maintained inside.
3 If you're going out in the snow, make sure you wrap up well.
4 Do you think this scarf and coat go together OK?
5 He hates the way his ears stick out.
6 It takes me a long time to get the kids ready in the morning beca use Sammy and Lisa
can't do up their own shoes yet.
7 Bill and his brother are so alike - 1 can't tell one from the other.
8 It's a very formal party, so you need to / you should dress up.
32.3 1 rundown 2 in 3 stands* 4 stick 5 set
'sticks is also possible but sounds less formal.
32.4 1 There are many examples.
2 The speaker thinks the performance was special, and probably better than the
performances of the other acrors in the film.
3 1an's writing is better.
4 Yes, it does.
5 The speaker thinks this will improve the series.

Unit 33
to
33.1 1 If a performance is booked up, you can't get tickets for it.
2 If people are said to pour in (a place), you know that there are a lot of people.
3 If people cram into a room, the room is then very crowded.
4 Events like poetry readings or poetry competitions might be put on to tie in with
National Poetry Week.
S A comedian is more likely to send up politicians than post office workers.
6 An actor would need someone to stand in for them if they lost their voice or were sick.
33.2 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 b S c 6 d
33.3 1 ca11ed off 4 taking off or sending up*
2 standing in S packed out
3 put on 6 tie in
,oIf the imitation is very humorous, then send up is more appropriate.
Iy in 33.4 1 putting on S sending up
2 ties in 6 taking off or sending up
to 3 was booked up 7 walked out
4 cram into 8 put off
oe
Unit 34
34.1 1 1 know, but I'm sure everything wi11 tum out a11 right in the end.
2 1 must have mixed/muddled them up. Sorry.
3 I've run up against that problem too.
4 OK. 1'11 see if 1 can get out of my trip to London.
S 1 wouldn't bank on it.
6 1 know, but try to rise above it.
34.2 1 revolves 2 mix-up 3 back 4 crop 5 turns
1 hot up 4 calmed down
2 caught up S to back off
3 were thrown together 6 bank on his help
Unit 35
;a 35.1 1 track down 3 tums to S come under
2 drawn onlupon 4 points out 6 check up on
35.2 Hannah and Bi11 were playing a game. Hannah had thought of a footba11 star and Bi11 was
trying to find out who it was. He turned to his mother but she pointed out that she knew
absolutely nothing about footbal!. He would ha ve to try to track the answer down himself
(or track down the answer himself) and to watch out for any dues that Hannah might
deliberately give. After ten minutes Bi11 sti11 hadn't latched on so he gave up and Hannah
told him the answer: Ronaldo.
1 You might check up on a person, facts or something you've been toldo
2 You might point out an important fact, a mistake or a connection between two things.
3 Someone might find out sorne information, a secret or someone's date of birth.

4 You might take in something you're told, good or bad news, or the implications of a
situation.
5 A secret, a rude remark or a taboo word might slip out.
35.4 1 make someone notice something by showing it with your finger
2 try to see
3 find by using physical senses
4 leave quickly and quietly
5 tum your body to face
Unit 36
36. 1 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 e 5 b
36.2 !t's time you sorted yourself out. You're 23 now and you still haven't got a job!
You've got to face up to reality. !t's about time you realised that the secret of success
lies in taking positive action. Over the next couple of days, 1 will expect you to come up
with a few ideas about how you're going to improve your situation, or else you can go
and live somewhere else. Why don't you go and see about that job Unele Herbert
offered you at his factory? I've offered to help talk things over with you, but you
never seem to want my help. Yet you don't deal with things yourself. Sometimes
1 think you're just a waste of space!
36.3 it's just dawned on me: I've suddenly realised or understood something
rules out: makes something impossible or unsuitable
the answer jumps out at you: the answer can immediately be seen
work through things: deal with a problem by talking about it in detail
sort things out: make a decision by discussing it with someone else or thinking about it
carefully
Unit 37
37. 1 1 over or through 2 weigh 3 by 4 ahead 5 think 6 sleep
1 1 probably would run an important decision by my parents first, especially one
conceming my professional life.
2 1 usually try ro make myself sleep on it first as things often seem better after a good
night's sleep.
3 I'd prefer to do without a caro My holidays are really important to me.
4 When planning ahead for their retirement, people might contribute to a pension or they
might try to save money regularly.
5 People might chicken out of giving a speech, or going paragliding, or asking someone ro
go out with them on a date.
1 We should allow for the fact that he is still only young. (not We SllOUIEi allaw tee faet
fer teat ee is stin yauag.)
2 1 really can't help you as 1 have a lot of things on today. (not 1 eave aa a lat af teiags
teElay.)
3 He wants to opt out of aft elasses at school next year so he can do extra music. (not He
'lIaats ta apt af art elasses aut ".)

4 We didn't bargain for Mark turning up at the party with a lot of his friends. (not We
aiaR't eargaiR Marle for tHrRiRg HI' ... )
5 My son is set against going to university. (not My SOH is set gOiRg to HRiversity agaiRst.)
6 1 could do without people coming for dinner this evening. (not 1 C8Hla ao l'eol'le
witAOHt ... )
37.4 1 1 was going to do the parachute jump but 1 chickened out in the end.
2 1 have a lot of things on this weekend.
3 In judging her work, you should really allow for her inexperience.
4 If we buy the flat, we'll have to do without holidays for a few years.
5 Let's run our plan by Sarah before we make our final decision.
6 1 could do without having to go to a conference this weekend.
7 In deciding how much holiday money we need, we should allow for the fact that food is
very expensive there.
Unit 38
38.1 1 spoken 2 stick 3 back 4 outcry 5 stay
1 Yes, he backed him up. (not He eackea HI' hira.)
2 Yes, it seems they've fallen out.
3 Yes, she always sticks up for her. (not Yes, she alwa)'s sticks Aer HI' for.)
4 Yes, 1 agree. 1 think we should back out.
5 Yes, she's always putting him down. (not Yes, sAe's alwa)'s l'uttiRg aovlA Aira.)
6 No, we shouldn't hold it/that against her. (not No, \Ve sAoulaR't Aola agaiRst Aer
itMat.)
7 Yes, 1 think it's really getting to her. (not Yes, 1 thiRle it's reall)' gettiRg Aer te.)
Or Yes, 1 think it's really beginning to get to her.
38.3 1 give in or back clown 4 stuck together
2 fallen out 5 getting to
3 back out
Unit 39
39.1 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 a 5 c 6 b
39.2 presenting an aPinian success(ully persuading peopfe's reactions to persuasion
or trying to persuade
,ey put across/over talk around/round fall for
put forward bring round brush aside
,ro put sth to sb rope 10
call for ha ve on
press for talk into
talk out of

39.3 1 She didn't take it seriously and refused to think about it seriously.
2 We don't know, but we know that it's not the USA beca use she was just teasing Derek.
3 No, they didn't have much choice in the matter.
4 We know she wasn't robbed and that she isn't always truthful beca use she was trying to
trick Harry by inventing the story.
5 Yes, it does want reformo
39.4 1 pressing for or calling for 4 call for or press for
2 bring; aroundlround or 5 rope In
talk; around/round 6 talk; into
3 putting forward
Unit 40
40.1 stand out and outstanding
An outstanding person is someone who stand s out or is noticeable beca use of special,
positive characteristics.
show off and a show-off
A show-off is a person who shows off or tries to impress others in an annoying way.
screw up and screwed-up
If a person is screwed-up, then in sorne way their experiences in life have screwed up or
damaged their personality or their state of mind, making them unhappy or confused.
40.2 1 Antonia 2 Julia 3 Rana 4 Ahmed 5 Laura 6 Barry
1 Dan won the prize as his short story stood out (as the best). Or Dan won the prize as
his short story stood out from all the others.
2 Molly got the sack beca use her work just didn't measure up.
3 What on earth does Gemma think she's playing at - she's behaving so oddly?
4 1 wish Ed wouldn't show off all the time! Or 1 wish Ed wasn't/weren't such a show-off.
5 If you screw up again, you'll lose your jobo
6 1 know 1 was stupid but please don't rub it in.
7 Joe's father laid into him for scratching his new car.
8 Why does everyone always pick on me?
Unit 41
41 .1 Suggested answers:
a) Mind out! Hold on! Hang on!
Watch out! Look out! Keep it up!
b) Lighten up! Steady on! Come off it! Spit it out! Step on it!
Come on! Go on! Hurry up! Belt up! Fire away!
Depending on the situation and your relationship with your boss or teacher you might fee!
it is appropriate to use these expressions: Steady on! Hurry up! Go on! Come on!
41.2 1 Come on! Spit ir out! 5 Mind out!
2 Come off ir! 6 Steady on!
3 Hold on! 7 Keep it up!
4 Lighten up!

41.3 1 Fire away! 2 Step on it! 3 Spit it out!
cek. 41.4 Hang on! and Hold on! both mean wait a minute.
Possible situation: Someone is talking at great length and you want to interrupt to ask
something.
Mind out! and Watch out! both mean be carefu!.
Possible situation: Someone is about to step in front of a caro
Hurry up! and Step on it! both mean go faster or do something faster.
Possible situation: Someone is in a taxi and wants to get to the station in time to catch
a train.
Unit 42
42. 1 Suggested answers:
1 She's rubbing out what was written on the blackboard.
2 He's crossing a word out.
3 She's givinglhanding out sorne books to the elass.
4 He's givinglhanding in sorne homework.
5 She's working out the sum/answer.
lr 42.2 1 not pleased 2 not pleased 3 pleased 4 pleased 5 not pleased
6 not pleased
42.3 1 fell behind 2 catch up 3 work out 4 missed out 5 messed up
42.4 1 Students often play up when they are bored in elass.
2 The teacher ru bbed out the new words from the board and then tested uso Or The
as
teacher rubbed the new words out ...
3 We have to hand in our registration forms for the exam on Friday. Or We have to hand
our registration forms in ...
4 1 usually leave out my middle name when 1 am filling in forms. Or 1 usually leave my
off.
middle name out ...
5 Sorne people were handing out leaflets about a demonstration in the town centre.
Or Sorne people were handing leaflets out ...
1 You are often asked to cross out rough work in an exam so that the examiner knows
which work needs to be marked.
2 If a teacher gives out a sheet listing all the kings and queens of Britain it is a handout. It
would only be a worksheet if it also ineluded sorne exercises or activities relating to the
information.
3 Most pupils carry an eraser in their pencil cases in order to rub out mistakes that they
make.
4 It would be quite easy for me to work out how many euros are equa l to 250 US dollars
feel if 1 had a calculator.
5 1 think sorne pupils may play up in e1ass if they find the e1ass too easy, too difficult or
too dull for them.
Unit 43
1 I'm going to sign up for a course in statistics next year. (not I'm geiRg ~e SigR fer a
ES"rse "1' ... )

2 Several students dropped out of the Moral Philosophy course.
3 We break up on 20 June. (not We Break on 20 June ul'.)
4 He was thrown out of university after one termo He' d done no work at all.
5 1 can't come out tonight. 1 have to write up my essay for tomorrow.
Or 1 can't come out tonight. 1 have to write my essay up for tomorrow.
6 1 go back to college on 12 September. (not 1 go on 12 ~ejlteffiaer aacl, ro college.)
43.2 Only breaking up would make most students happy.
Swotting up and mugging up both involve hard work.
Scraping through means only just passing an exam (but perhaps a student who had not
worked hard would be happy!).
Being thrown out and dropping out show that you have not made a success of student life.
43.3 1 mug up or swot up
2 kept up
3 brush up on or mug up on or swot up on or polish up (on)
4 come up
5 scraped through
6 write up
7 break up
8 go back
43.4 Dick hardly swotted/mugged up at all for his exams. He brushed up on the history of the French
Revolution, but no questions on the French Revolution carne up in the exam. He was afraid
that he would be thrown out of university for failing his exams. However, he did just manage to
scrape through them and so he wiU be in college when we go back next termo He has
promised to try to keep up with work next year as he is planning to sign up for a couple
of quite difficult eourses, including business studies. He'U have to polísh up" his French
because the business studies CQurse involves spending a term in Franee working in a business.
He thinks he can just pick up" * the language when he gets there, but 1 think he should study it
before he goes beca use he only has school French.
* We can also sayo He'U have te polish his Freneh up ...
,.~ * We can also say: He thinks he can just pick the language up when he gets there, ...
Follow up
Included in the Mini dictionary are:
break away break down break in(to) break off break out
While they each have different meanings, break seems to suggest a sudden, sometimes
violent or negative, event which changes a situation, for example, a marriage breaks up,
a disease/epidemic breaks out, a group of people break away from another group.
Unit 44
44.1 1 e, h, i 2j 3 g 4 e, h, i 5 e,l 6 d 7 a 8 b 9 f
10 e
44.2 1 read out
2 dipped into
3 scribble down or jot down or note down
4 write it out
5 make out
6 fill in or fill out

7 note down (or, if you are in a hurry, jot down or scribble down)
8 read up on
9 tum over
10 jot down or note down or scribble down
44.3 1 cut it out 2 touch onJupon 3 tone down 4 cropped up 5 sum up
Unit 45
45. 1 a) stand down, step down, knock off, lay off
b) fix up, pencil in
45.2 1 taking 6 puB
2 on 7 ahead
3 carry 8 stands or steps
4 left 9 hand
5 In
45 .3 Possible answers:
1 Yes, please fiB me in. (not )'es, "Iease fil! iA me.)
2 Certainly, ['11 follow them up later today. (not CertaiAI)', I'l! fol!ow .. " tAem later toElay.)
3 Yes, ['11 fix something up for you for next week. Or Yes, ['11 fix up something for next
:h week.
Note that 'pencil in something' or 'pencil something in for next week' is also possible,
but means that the arrangement is not yet definite.
o
4 Well, ['ve been doing it for years and [ thought it was time to hand over to someone
e1se. Or ... [ thought it was time to step/stand down.
5 Sure, why don't we pencil it in for next Tuesday aftemoon. (not S.. re, wAy ElOA't we
"eAcil iA it faf Ae"t T.. esElay aftefAoon.)
1 These are some of the tasks [ have to carry out each day - reading and answering
e-mails, filing and making phone ca lis.
2 [usually knock off at about 5 p.m.
3 Yes, most of the teachers at the language school where [ used to work were la id off a
few years ago.
4 [think you have ro be well organised and good at getting on with other people in order
to get ahead.
5 [filled in an application form and then had an interview with my current boss.
Unit 46
46.1 1 pile up 2 be snowed under 3 be tied up 4 slave away
1 ['ve been slaving away in a restaurant to pay for my studies.
2 Sorry, [ was tied up all last week, so [ couldn't go to any of the meetings.
3 Paperwork has just piled up recendy. [ don't know where to start.
4 ['m sorry [ can't do the report this week. ['m just snowed under.
46.3 1 on 2 out of 3 away 4 in 5 up with

46.4 I need to chase ~ Gerald's report so that we can up
keep things moving away with the European sales along
campaign. I know he's been working.ifl- it and I on
know he's been working "pwares the same goals towards
as all of us to branch -Hj7 into new markets in Europe, out
but he's not good at sticking fer things and you at
need to keep .ifl- it with campaigns like this one. at
Unit 47
1 The suspected criminal took out all the money from his bank account and has not been
seen smce.
2 As his girlfriend is in Australia, he runs up a huge phone bill every month.
3 The bill for the books we ordered came to $40.85.
4 I lent him €100 ayear ago and he still hasn't paid me back. (not ... paiel eael. me.)
5 Now that I've lost my ¡ob we're going to have to cut back (on) what we spend on our
weekly trip to the supermarket.
6 If you pay the restaurant bill with your credit card, I'll settle up with you latero
47.2 1 up 2 off 3 back 4 aside 5 down (Note that knockdown is written
as one word.)
47.3 1 b 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 d
1 I'm saving up for a new mountain bike.
2 1 usually take €200 out.
3 I'd expect it to come to about €150.
4 My mortgage is my biggest debt and 1 won't pay that off for years.
5 1 might pick up second-hand books and COso
Unit 48
48. 1 1 beat 2 fork 3 skimp 4 picked or sna pped 5 sell
1 I could stock up on important foods such as bread, milk, fruit, vegeta bIes and meato
2 I could splash out on some new furniture.
3 1 could ask him/her to knock something off the price.
4 1 should shop around to find the best price.
5 I could suggest that we club together to buy her some flowers.

48.3 1 She became an Internet addict and ran up a huge telephone biU.
2 We were ripped off in that restaurant. They charged us for four desserts when we only
had two.
3 He so Id off his share in the business and went traveUing round the world.
4 When he offered me his tennis racket for only $10 [snapped it up beca use it was stiU in
exceUent condition.
5 We had to fork out for a new washing machine beca use our old one broke down.
4 8.4 1 rip off someone or rip someone off: a rip-off
2 These verbs have noun forms:
pick up something/someone or pick something/someone up: a pick-up
Examples: !t's an 8.30 a.m. pick-up tomorrow, so we'U have to get up at seven.
[a carltaxilbus wiU be coming to coUect us]
He drives an old pickup and wears a cowboy hat. [smaU truck with an open back]
Economists are expecting a pick-up in house sales later this year. [an increase or
improvement]
[ thought she was just being friendly, then 1 realised it was a pick-up. [informal: attempt
to form a sexual relationship with me]
seU off something or seU something off: a seU-off
n
Example: The company seU-off raised miUions of pounds. [a sale of aU or part of a
business]
seU out something: a seU-out
Examples: The concert was a seU-out. [aU the tickets were sold]
The workers were disappointed that the union had agreed to end the strike, and they
caUed it a seU-out. [a betrayal of principies]
Unit 49
49.1 1 d 2 f 3 e 4 b 5 a 6 c
1 Henry: Yes, they've been pouring money into farming.
2 Jan: Yes, you're right. He started up around ten years ago. Or He set up his
business about ten years ago.
3 Jamie: Yes, I'd put it at five miUion (euros). Or Yes, I'd say it runs to five ...
ay Yes, I'd say their losses run into five ...
4 Lianne: Yes, they're setting up a branch there. Or Yes, they're starting up a branch
there. (Note that set up sounds better than start up.)
5 Fiona: Yes, the upkeep is very expensive.
49.3 1 take over 2 hire out 3 turnover 4 outlet 5 set-up 6 run to
Unit 50
50. 1 1 Hotel operator: If you want to dial out, you have to dial 9 first.
2 [t's difficult to get through to the customer helpline in the mornings.
3 I'm sorry, he's out right now. Can you ring back (or phone/call back) at about five
o'dock?
4 Carole rang in to say she's not feeling well.
5 Unde: Hi! Fine thanks. Just a minute, ['U put you on to your aunt so you can teU her
all the news. (or 1'11 put your aunt on so you ... )
6 I'U get back to you in a few days.
English Phrasal Verbs in Use I7 I

50.2 1
e
¡, u p 3 R
6 T H R o U G H
o N U
1
7
L I S T E N I N G N
E G
50.3 speak up = speak more loudly

hold 00 = wait a momeot
break up = If someooe who is talkiog 00 a mobile phooe is breakiog up, their voice caooot
fully be heard.
switch off = turo ao electrical device off
charge up = put electricity into a device
1 Sorry, my mobile phooe was switched off. O, Sorry, I'd switched off my mobile phooe.
2 Sorry, the sigoal's breakiog up and 1 cao't hear what you're sayiog. Or Sorry, you're
breaking up aod 1 cao't hear what you're sayiog.
3 Sorry, could you speak up? There's a lot of backgrouod noise.
4 Have you charged up your mobile phooe?
5 Sorry, can you hold 00 jusI a mioute?
Unit SI
51.1 Positive feeliogs - George, Mike aod Aooa
Negative fee!iogs - Jill, Sue, Henry, Mary aod Keo
51.2 1 The oews that 1 dido't have to do the exam after all cheered me up.
2 Look, Joe. ealm/cool clowo! Getting angry woo't solve the problem.
3 Wheo she heard of her frieod's death she broke down and wept.
4 She's (so) hung up about silly litde problems at work.
5 1 wish you'd brighteo up! You're makiog me fee! depressed! (You cao also say: 1 wish
you'd cheer up! usiog cheer up without an object.)
51.3 1 Yes, I'ro beginning to warm to it too.
2 Sure, I'd jump at the chaoce.
3 1 koow - 1 do feel for them both.
4 Yes, 1 hope he pulls himse!f together before his next attempt.
5 Don't get carried away!
6 What mOfe can we do to cheer her up?

51.4 1 broke 2 tear 3 puU 4 up 5 to
6 felt 7 down 8 hung 9 eheer
Unit 52
52.1 1 faUen 2 faUing-out 3 ehat 4 hit it oy pair 5 ehatting 6 for
7 on 8 fallen 9 tit 10 ask 11 hit it off or get along
52.2 1 My friend and 1 feU out last week beca use she thinks I'm in love with her boyfriend.
2 The new student was finding it diffieult to fit in, as he was older than the other
students.
3 When George met his new coUeague he really feU for her and now he talks about her aU
the time.
4 Barry and David hit it off immediately when they were introdueed.
5 That horrible man over there was trying to ehat me up. Ugh!
52.3
.not 5 HON 9 FRI
f\'<J' a ""'~ kauf1f\;1 j;O al' t'h< dis," - No SlX.U.SS, with +he.. :Ji" il\ +he.. fV\aths
"e
cMrr.J her bvf' J;tM'r ask h<r ovf'. Jass . lloA r t'h;Ak I "" t'h. ~P< sht
oJse.lltSS~
1)
(V\
~'
6 TUE 10 SAT
HM. ~ t'h. AM j;O ;A ""j ""at'hs BW\ joiflj ovf' vJith A'Zje.lo. for si;.t:. f\I'IOAthS
le. Jass. 3,.'s fimJ ;A vJ<i1 (w;t'h t'h. flOvJ) .bvf' sf'ill (.Q.II.)t' stop chc.tsi~ afhif
jroup). j;OS'
7 WED 1I SUN
"'ad P";M off w;t'h lG:vi al' t'h< ~ ~ Md a"" se,,,,, ro
b. h;tf¡Aj ;r off
l.sr Aahr. ~ """ I j ..lous' (or j<ttiAj alOAj) t'h.s. ""js, í~ t'h;Ak
IIO-Ol\t ho.s lIohwl~ tta.-hQ.~
8 THU
"'~ Wiltas ""'~ rurAS "". DA. 3,.'S

éFCJWJs'
Unit 53
53.1 1 e 2 f 3 e 4 a 5 b 6 d
53.2 1 My sister and her husband split up last year.
2 Milly was very upset when her boyfriend finished with her. Oy MiUy was very upset
when her boyfriend broke up with her.
3 We had been growing apar! for a long time, so it was better to separate properly.
53.3 1 make up 5 live, down
2 ran off with 6 nüss out
3 settle down 7 settle for
4 let, down 8 break off

Unit 54
54. 1 1 Dermot 2 Gina 3 George 4 Michael 5 Yvette 6 Yolanda
54.2 1 keeping, let
2 shut, keep
3 pm
4 talks
5 poured, opened, outpouring
54.3 1 let on 2 gone back 3 keeping 4 owned up 5 have it out with
Unit 55
55 . 1 1 carry on
2 takes after
3 drop out
4 handed down
5 live up to
6 become of
7 bringing up
8 pass for
55 .2 Author's answers:
1 1 was named after a character in a book.
2 1 think 1 take after my mother in appearance.
3 1 probably take after my father in character.
4 1 think that girls usually grow up much faster than boys.
5 Someone might drop out of university beca use of ill health or beca use they were not
enjoying their studies.
6 Sorneone rnight turn to crime if they need money to pay debts or buy drugs.
7 A girl 1 know is only fifteen but she could easily pass for twenty in both appearance
and behaviour.
8 1 ha ve a tea service that has been handed down from rny great-grandparents.
9 1 think that mothers and fathers have equally important but d ifferent roles to play in
bringing up their chi ldren.
10 1 would like to carry on working for as long as possible as 1 enjoy working.
55.3 1 named 6 become
2 take 7 turn
3 brought 8 ended or wound
4 live 9 ended or wound
5 dropping 10 carried
Unit 56
56.1 1 down 2 off 3 up 4 up 5 up 6 off
56.2 1 I've had a sore throat for a week now - 1 just can't shake it off.
2 Meg hadn't eaten anything for 48 hours and so it wasn't surprising that she passed out
in the middle of her gym lesson.
3 The doctors were afraid that the old man wouldn't survive the attack of pneumonia,
but amazingly he pulled through and was soon on his feet again.
4 1 think I'm coming down with a cold - 1 feel a bit shivery.

5 My thumb swelled up after 1 accidentally hit it with a hammer.
6 The sea was so rough that many people were throwing up over the side of the ship.
7 People usually write letters of condolence ro the relatives of someone who has passed
away/on.
8 The old lady is in great pain beca use she has put her hip out.
9 After the operarion, her sisrer cared for her until she was completely recovered.
10 How do you think you carne down with (or went down with) chicken pox?
56 .3 1 ]im's unele passed away last year.
2 Sonya is fighting off a bout of flu.
3 Rita is kept very busy caring for her elderly mother.
4 Mary's ankles swelled up during the long flight.
5 Most people usually slow down a bit as they get older.
6 1 think Joe is going down with flu.
1 When her great-aunt passed away Mary felt very sad.
2 ]ack broke down when he failed his final exams.
3 The last time 1 threw up was after a party where l'd eaten too mucho
4 You can get a blocked-up nose if you have a cold or an allergy.
5 Kate's finger swelled up after it was hit by a hockey ball.
6 The best way to fight off a cold is ro stay in bed and drink a lot.
Unit 57
57.1 1 join in = participate
2 give in = surrender
3 go for = attempt to achieve
4 pull ahead = overtake
5 knock out = defeat
57.2 1 warm-up
2 knockout
3 bum off (Work off would also be possible in this context.)
4 work off
5 warm up
6 cool down
1 1 work out about four times a month. Usually 1 go to an aerobics e1ass.
2 1 might warm up by doing sorne gentle stretches and by running on the spot.
3 l'd be pleased beca use if 1 pulled ahead of the other runners it means that 1 am winning.
4 Tennis is better than table tennis at buming off calories beca use it is more energetic
than table tennis.
5 I'd prefer ro join in a snooker game as l'm not very good at football.
6 A top athlete would go for the gold medal.
ut
1 The player or the team is kicking off. Or Ir is the kick-off.
2 The woman is burning off calories. Or The woman is working out on an exercise bike.
3 The athlete is warming up or is doing a warm-up. Or (if he has just done sorne sport)
The athlete is cooling down.

57.5 1 told to leave 2 was defeated by 3 progressed
Unit 58
58. 1 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 f
58.2 1 up 5 sleeping or Iying
2 sta y 6 In
3 lie 7 over
4 up, up 8 oversleep
58.3 1 waiting up or staying up
2 put her up or let her sleep over
3 oversleeping or sleeping in
4 move out
5 turn in
6 moved in together
Unit 59
59.1 1 He said 1 could bring Jane along if 1 liked.
2 He asked us over/round after the film. Or He invited us around/round/over after
the film.
3 He said he would pop in/into the shop for some biscuits on the way home.
4 He said he loved having people around/round/over.
5 He said 1 could borrow the CD if his friend brought it round before my party.
59.2 1 My parents are always asking after you so 1'11 tell them your news next time 1 see them.
2 Do drop in/round sorne time when you're passing our house and have a cup of tea.
3 My uncle has invited me and a friend out to a smart restaurant to celebrate my
birthday.
4 Of course you can bring your brother along when you come to our place tomorrow.
5 1 often call round and see my grandmother on my way home from work.
6 1 hope I'm not in trouble. The boss has ¡ust asked me to pop in to his office (or pop
into his office).
59.3 1 a) The speaker has to go upstairs to BiII's oHice.
b) The speaker has to go downstairs to Bill's oHice.
2 a) The speaker plans to invite Andy and Becky to a meal at his or her home.
b) The speaker plans to take Andy and Becky for a meal in a restaurant.
3 a) This visit sounds a litele more formal than the visit in (b) and the visitors may ring
Peggy first to check that the time is convenient.
b) This visit sounds more informal than the one suggested in (a) alld Peggy is unlikely
to know about it in advance.
4 a) The speaker is going to bring their niece to visit someone and may not stay during
the visito
b) The speaker's niece is going to accompany the speaker on a visito
Do call round and see me any time you are in the area.
Pop in and have sorne supper with me one evening.
Please come over and ha ve dinner with me next weekend.
Do come round this weekend. lt'd be great to see yOU.

59.5 stand someone up = fail to meet someone on purpose, especially someone with whom you
were starting to have a romantic relationship
tag along = go somewhere with a person, especially when they have not asked you to go
with them
run across someone = meet someone you know when you are not expecting to meet them
Unit 60
60.1 1 top 2 heat 3 thaw 4 pour 5 hand
1 Philip: Yes, 1 think it's gone off.
2 Harry: Yes, we need something that will go (nicely) with it.
3 Jane: OK, !'1I put them on.
4 Rickie: Yes, we'lI have to make sure it doesn't boil overo
5 Dave: Good idea. !t's ages sioce we last ate out.
60.3 1 be left over; noun: leftovers (Note that this no un is always plural.)
take away; noun: takeaway
top up; nouo: top-up
2 hand round
3 live on or live off
60.4 1 leftovers 2 live 00 or live off 3 hand rouod or pass round 4 top-up
5 take it away 6 takeaway 7 was left over
60.5 You can separate the verb and particle in the following sentences:
1 Would you hand the peanuts round, please?
3 Don't forget 10 thaw the gatea u out.
Unit 61
6 1.1 1 10 eloud over 4 warmed up
2 cool down 5 elears up
3 has picked up or is picking up 6 brightens up oyelears up
61.2 1 We were snowed in. We couldn't even open the front door.
2 We were flooded out. AH our carpets were ruined.
3 The rain didn't let up. We ate our picnic in the car.
4 It eleared up later oo. We weot for a walk io the eveoiog.
5 A stroog wind picked up. Sorne trees got blown down.
6 The match was rained off. The teams were very disappointed.
61.3 1 downpour 5 were rained off
2 let up or elear up or brighteo up 6 brighteos up or elears up
3 flooded out 7 cool down
4 had blown over 8 warrn up
61.4 1 more cheerful
2 angry
3 finish
4 better
5 more enjoyable
6 worried

Unit 62
62.1 1 ]ack set off last Sunday. Or ]ack set out last Sunday.
2 ]ill got on the plane in Dubai.
3 My ¡oumey started off in a very exciting way.
62.2 1 start or set 6 gets
2 standby 7 check
3 takes 8 stop
4 get 9 stop
5 touch 10 get
62.3 phrasal verb nounladjective form example
touch down touchdown The plane burst into flames on touchdown.
check in check-in There was a long queue at the check-in.
get away getaway Police are trying to trace the getaway caro
take off take-off Please fasten your seatbelts for take-off
stop over stopover We had a stopover in New York.
62.4 1 set off for Water loo Station at 11 a.m. and there 1 got on the midday Eurostar train
to Paris. It pnlled out exactly on time and soon we were in the Channel Tunnel. After a
couple of hours we pulled in at Paris Gare du Nord station. Next day 1 checked out of
my hotel and f1ew back. We touched down at Heathrow Airport at 11 a.m.
Unit 63
63.1 1 pull up or pull over 3 drew up or pulled up or pulled in
2 pick you up, drop you off 4 pulled up or drew up
63.2 words relating to moving words relating to accidents words relating to transporting
and stopping rhe car and traffic problems orher peoPle
draw up knock down dropoff
pull up (un over pick up
pull over pile-up
pull in tailback
pull into
pull out

63.3 1 up 2 back 3 In 4 over 5 out 6 off
63.4 1 e 2 d 3 b 4 f 5 a 6 c
Unit 64
64.1 1 turn or switch 2 plug 3 turn or switch 4 charge 5 Turn
1 1'11 load up the dishwasher for you. Or 1'11 load the dishwasher up for you.
2 Play back that tape you recorded at the concert. Or Play that tape yo u recorded at the
concert back.
3 The mechanic pumpcd up the tyres while he was servicing the caro Or The mechanic
pumped the tyres up while he was servicing t he caro
4 The security alarm went off when we opened the door ro the office.
5 1 was driving up a steep hill w hen the engine cut out.
6 Could yo u run off thirty copies of this repon for the meeting, please? Or Could you
run thirty copies of t his repon off for the meeting, please?
7 We've just bought a breadmaking machine. AII you do is measure out all the
ingredients, put them in the machine and switch it on. Or AII yo u do is measure all the
ingredients out, put them in the machine and switch it on.
8 Don't switch on the vac uum clea ner unti l it is plugged in.
64.3 1 I couldn't hear what they were saying on the radio so 1 turned it up.
Note that you would turn it down if it was too loud rather than too quieto
2 What must we do when the alarm bell goes off?
3 My mobile is low. Can I charge it up here?
4 Could yo u help me, please, by loading up the washing machine?
Note that a washing machine fills up with water, but it does this automatically.
5 Ir's very dar k in here - do switch on the light.
Note that yo u would switch off the light if the room was very light rather than very dark.
6 MeI asked him ro measure out 250 grams of butter.
Unit 65
log on
key in your repon
back up your work (Note that sorne people may choose to prine out their work before
they back it up. )
print out yo ur work
log off
65.2 1 zoom in, zoom out 4 logged in/on
2 picking up 5 back-up
3 scroll down 6 printout
65.3 1 c 2 c 3 d 4 a 5 b 6 d
65.4 You'd click on these icons when yo u want to:
1 zoom in oc zoom out of a document
2 scroll ac ross/up/down a document
3 print o ut a documene
4 pick up e-mails
English Phrasa/ Verbs in Use I 79

Unit 66
66.1 1 False. Although ro fiare up can be used of fires or violenee, here the context c1early
means it is violenee whieh has suddenly oeellrred.
2 True
3 True
4 False. Ir has not been pllblished, but people have diseovered what the report eontains
beca use someone has unoffieially or illegally relea sed the information.
5 False. They have withdrawn from the trade agreement.
6 True
66.2 phraso/ verb noun form
crack down craekdown
break out (from prison) breakout
break out (war, disease, etc.) outbreak
break through breakthrough
hide away hideaway
fiare up f1are-up
look out for lookout*
". A lookout can be either a person or a place.

There is also a noun outlook, whieh mean S prospeet or view, but it comes from a different
sense of the phrasal verb look out, namely have a view over, e.g.
Our hotel room looked out over a park.
The outlook for the economy is very bad.
1 Hey did you read that? A bomb went off in the capita l last night, injuring six people.
2 Did you read that? Riots have broken out between the Notthern tribes and the
SOllthern League.
3 Did you see that? The rhrasalian rebels are beginning to step up their attacks on
military bases.
Or The Phrasalian rebels are beginning ro step their attacks on military bases up.
(Note that this sounds more awkward than the first version .)
4 Have you heard? The teachers' un ion has broken off talks with local government
officials.
Or The teaehers' union has broken talks off w ith local government officials.
(Note that this sounds more awkward than the first version.)
5 The poliee are advising vi llagers ro look out for anything suspieious.
6 Wow! There's been a breakout at (or from) Gilsron High Seeurity Prison.
Unit 67
67.1 1 An old man was beaten up in his own home yesterday.
2 The thieves walked off with sorne prieeless antigue silver.
3 The burglars broke into the house by a side window.
4 The prisoner managed ro break out in broad daylight.
5 The thieves held up a local bank yesterday.

67.2 1 The man is holding up a bank or shop.
2 The judge is letting a criminal off. Or The judge is letting off a criminal.
3 He's tipping off the police. Or He's tipping the police off.
4 She's leaning on someone. Or She's putting someone up to something.
67.3 1 mixed up
2 putting him up
3 lean on or be leaning on
4 taken in or led on
5 let him off
67.4 1 e 2 b 3 d 4 a
Unit 68
68.1 1 stood, clamp
2 broke, entered
3 carried, bring
4 standing, sticking
68.2 1 Politician: No, we are determined to go ahead with our proposals.
2 Politician: We intend to do away with out-of-date committees and to modernise the
whole committee structure to make ir more efficient.
3 Politician: No, 1 do noto 1 and her many supporters are determined to stick by her in
the face of these appalling and unfair attacks from the press.
4 Politician: Yes, the party fully backs Mr Carson up.
68.3 1 The People's Purple Party believes that the monarchy should be done away with.
2 The PPP aims to bring in legislation banning fox hunting.
Or The PPP aims to bring legislation in banning fox hunting.
3 The PPP is determined to clamp down on smoking in public places.
4 The leader of the PPP says nothing wil! stop the Party carrying out its aims.
Or The leader of the PPP says nothing wil! stop the Party carrying its aims nut.
5 He swears he wil! do al! he can to stand up for the principIes the PPP supports.
6 The PPP has got the go-ahead to hold a demonstration next week.
Unit 69
69.1 1 Would you like to wash up? Sure. Where's the restroom?
2 What's wrong with the TV? Dunno. 1 can't figure out why it's not working.
3 Why is she so upset? Her parents have just bawled her out.
4 Where will you buy your new TV? Dunno. I'l! cal! around a few places.
5 Where's Jo gone? To visit with sorne friends.
6 Why d'you think you failed the test? Because 1 goofed off so mucho
69.2 1 shot through 2 got into 3 belt into 4 barrack for
69.3 1 1 expect your grandmother wil! want to wash up when she arrives.
2 The teacher got into me for doing such abad essay.
3 Wil! lost his job for goofing off to go to a concert.
4 Suzie belted into the spring cleaning and the house was soon transformed.
5 Could you cal! around to find the cheapest place to rent a car?
6 1 can't figure out why he's behaving so oddly.
7 He shot through last month and the police have been looking for him ever since.
English Phrasal Verbs in Use ISI

8 ['U be ready soon. Wait up!
9 I'm visiting with my aunt at the weekend. Would you like to come too?
Unit 70
70.1 1 bliss 5 bigged
2 out 6 cashback
3 sexmg 7 out
4 buy 8 burnout
1 The e-mail wiU probably bounce back (ro you).
2 veg out
3 chill out
4 You might feel stressed-out and you might suffer from burnout.
5 cashback
6 big
7 bliss out
8 a dress-down day
9 You could text them back.
10 veg out, chil! out, bliss out
11 bounee baek, text baek, eashback
12 stressed-out, burnout
1 Yes, it'U be great to just veg out! Or Yes, it'U be great ro just ehiU out.
2 Sure, I'U text you baek.
3 [don't buy into it at al!. Or lt might help us to ehiU out more.
4 No, I'm (aU) partied out.
5 [did but it bouneed baek to me.
6 [know! She should learn ro chiU out. Or Yes, she's far too stressed-out.
7 lt's a dress-down day!
8 Oh, they reaUy bigged it up.
182 English Phrasa! Verbs in Use

Mini dictionary
The numbers in the Mini dictionary are Unit numbers not page numbers.
allow far 5th to consider or indude somerhing be dying for sth informal ro want something
when you are making plaos or judging a very mueh, espeeially food or drink 19
situarian 37 be getting at 5th informal if you ask someone
answer (sb) back if someone, especially a child, whar rhey are geuing at, yOll are asking rhem
answers back, or answers someone back, rhey what they mean, usually beca use rhey ha ve
rep ly rudely ro someone they should be polite ro expressed somerhing indirectly 7
20 be hung up informal ro be very worried abour
ask after sb/sth to ask Ioc informarían abour somerhing and spend a lor of rime rhink ing
someone, especially abour their health 59 abour ir 51
ask out sb or ask sb out ro invite someone to be left over if an amounr of money or food is lefr
come wirh you to a place su eh as rhe cinema or a over, ir remains when rhe resr has been used or
restaurant, especially as a way of starting a caren 60
romanric relationship 1, 52 be left over ro exist from an ea rl ier rime 23
ask sb over/round ro invite so meone ro come ro be littered with sth if somerhi ng is littered with
your house 1, 59 a particular type of thing, it has or contains a Jor
back down ro admit that you are wrong or that of rhar rh ing 32
you have been defeated, ofren because you are be mixed up in sth informal ro be involved in
forced to 38 an illegal or unpleasanr acriviry 67
back off to stop be ing involved in a situarian, be partied out informal te have had enough of
espec ially in order to allow other people to deal parries beca use you ha ve been ro so many 70
w ith it themselves 34 be playing at 5th if you ask what someone is
back anta 5th if a building backs onto playing ar, you ask what they are doing, in a
so merhi ng, irs back faces rhat rhing 24 way which shows that you a re surprised and
back out to dec ide nor to do something rhar you angry 40
were going te do or rhar you had agreed ro do be pressed for 5th ro ha ve very littIe or nor
38 enough of something, especially rime or money
back up (5th) or back (5th) up to make a eopy 22
of compurer informarían so rhar you do Ilor lose be put out te be annoyed, often becallse of
ir 65 somerhing rhat someone has done or said ro yOl!
back up 5b or back 5b up to say rhar someone is 11
relling rhe rrurh 38 be rained off if a sport or other outside acriv ity is
back up 5b or back 5b up te support or help ra ined oH, it cannor srarr or conrinue because ir
someone 68 is rainjng 61
back-up 11 an extra copy of co mputer ínfor marion be 5et again5t sth/doing 5th ro be opposed ro
65 doing or having something 37
bang into 5th ro knock aga insr somerhing, be 5nowed in jf a person or place is snowed in,
usually by accidenr 21 rhere is so much snow rhar it is impossible ro
bank on 5th to depend on somethíng happening rrave! anywhere or leave rhar place 61
34 be snowed under informal ro ha ve so much
bargain for/on 5th to expect something to work rhat you have problems dealing wirh it 46
happen and be prepared for ir 37 be 5pread out if people or things are spread out,
barrack for 5b informal, American & Australian rhey are in diHerenr parts of a large area and are
to shour encollragemenr to rhe playe rs in a nor close tegerher 24
foorball ream 69 be taken up with 5th ro be very busy doing
ba5h 5th/5b about ro trear someth ing o r someone somerhjng 12
in a rough way 18 be thrown together if people are thrown
bawl out 5b or bawl 5b out informal, American together in a situation, thar situarion causes them
&Australian ro tell someone angrily that ro meer each other and ro get to know each
something rhey ha ve done ís wrong 69 other 34
be booked up if an event, person, or place is be tied up informal to be busy so thar you are
booked up, they have no space or time available unable te see or speak ro anyone else or go
for someone 33 anywhere 46
be caught up in 5th ro be involved in a siruaríon, be tucked away to be in a quier or hidden place
ofren when you do not want to be 34 which nor many people sec or go to 24
be cut off to be a long way from other places and beat down 5b/5th or beat 5b/5th down ro force
people 24 someone to reduce the price of something 48
English Ph rasal Verbs in Use 183

beat up 5b or beat 5b up ro hurt someone badly bounce back if an e-mail bounces back, ir comes
by hitting or kicking them agai n and again 67 back ro you beca use the address is wrong or
become of 5b/5th if you ask what beca me of rhere is a computer problem 70
someone or something, you want ro know where branch out to stan to do something different from
they are and what happened ro them 55 whac you Llsually do, especially in your job 46
belt into 5th Australian to begin ro do something break away to stop being part of a group beca use
quickly and with a lot of effort 69 you disagree with thern or beca use you do Il or
Belt up! informal, British & Australiall want ro be comrolled by rhem 68
something thar you say angrily to someone in break down if a machine or vehicle breaks down)
order to teH them to be quiet 41 ir stops working 1, 2
bend oyer backward5 to do 5th to try break down to be unable to control your Ecclings
extremely hard ro do something to help or please and ro start ro cry 51
someone 30 break down to become menral1y ol' physically ill
big up 5b/5th informal to calk a loc abour how because of an unpleasant experience 56
exceHent someone or somerhing is, somerimes break in to gct into a building 01' car by using
praising rhem more rhan is deserved 70 force, usually in order ro steal something 4
bite back ro do something bad to someone break into 5th to get into a building ar car by
beca use chey ha ve done something bad to you using force, usually in order ro srea l somerhing
20 67
bite back 5th or back 5th back ro stop yourself break-in n when someonc forces their way into a
from saying somerhing rhar shows your rcal building or car, usually ro steal something 4, 67
feelings or rhoughts 20 break off (5th) or break (5th) off to stop doí ng
blend in or blend into 5th if somerh ing or something 28
someone blends in, they look or seem the same break off (5th) or break (5th) off ;1 díscussíons
as rhe rhings or people around them and so you berween two groups of people break off, or if
do not notice chem 32 someone breaks rhcm off, they end suddenly,
bli55 (5b) out informal to become or make before chey have been complered 66
someone become totally happy and relaxed 70 break off to suddenly stop speaking 15
blocked-up adj filled with something so that break off 5th or break 5th off ro end a
norhing can pass through [used of a narrow relarionship 53
space] 4,56 break off with 5b ro end a romantic relationship
blow down (5th) or blow (5th) down íl with someonc 53
somerhing blows down, or if che wind blows break out if somerhing dangerous and unpleasant
something down, that rhing falls ro the ground [e.g. war, disease, fire] breaks out, it suddenly
beca use the wind blows it 17 starts 66 outbreak n when something
blow oyer iE a storm bLows over, it becomes less unpleasant or d ifficult ro conrrol starts, sllch as
strong and then ends 61 war or disease 66
blow oyer if an unpleasant situation [e.g. break out to escape from pr ison 67
argumentl blows over, it gradually becomes less breakout 11 an escape 66, 67
important and is chen forgotten 26 break through 5th ro sllcceed in dealing with a
blow up (5th/5b) or blow (5th/5b) up to destroy problem or difficult situation 66
something or kill someone with a bomb, or to be breakthrough 11 an important discovery or
destroyed or killed with a bomb 5 success that helps you achieve ar deal with
blow up 5th or blow 5th up to fiJl someth ing samething 4, 66
[e.g. balloon, ty re] with air 5,29 break up if a marriage breaks up, or if two
blow up informal to suddenly become very angry people who have a romantic relations hi p break
5 up, their marriage Ol" relationship ends 53
boil oyer if a liquid that is being heated boil s over, break-up n rhe acr or event of breaking up 53
it f10ws over rhe side of the pan 17, 60 break up if schools or universities, or the people
booked up if an evenr, person, or place is booked who study or work in rhcm break up, classes end
up, they have no space or timc available for and che holidays srart 43
someone 33 break up if someone who is talking on a mobile
bottle out informal, British to suddenly decide phone is breaking up, rheir voice cannot be
not to do something beca use you are afraid 36 heard 50
bottle up 5th or bottle 5th up i1tformaI ro not brighten up if the weather brightens up, the sky
allow yourself to show oc ralk about your becomes lighter and the Slln starts to shine 61
feelings, especially fee1ings of anger and sadness brighten up to sllddenly look or Eee! happier 51
51

brighten up 5th or brighten 5th up to make bygone adj from the pas! 23
somewhere more attractive, ohen by adding bystander n a person who sees something
colours 24 happen ing but who is nor involved 4
bring about sth or bring sth about 10 make call around American ro telephone several
something happen 25 people, often in order to find out information
bring along 5b/5th or bring 5b/5th along 69
to bring someone or something somewhere 59 ca" back to go back to a place in order to visit
bring around/round 5b/5th or bring 5b/5th someone or collect something rhat you were
around/round to bring someone or something unable to visir or collect earlier 24
somewhere, espec ially to someone's house 59 cal! back (sb) or cal! (sb) back lo lelephone
bring 5b around/round to persuade someone ro someone for the second time or ro te lephone
agree with you or to do what you want them to someone who rang you earlie r 20, 50
do 39 ca" for sth ro need or deserve a particular acrion
bring back 5th or bring 5th back to make or quality 36
someone remember or think about something ca" for 5th ro say that you think a particu lar
from rhe past 1, 25 th ing should be done, usually in arder to change
bring down 5b or bring 5b down to cause or improve a situation 39
people in positions of power [e.g. government, ca" for 5b to visit a place in order to collect
pres ident] to lose their position 66 someo ne 19
bring forward 5th or bring 5th forward to ca" in British & American to visit a place or
change the date or ti me of an event so thar it person for a short time, usually while you are
happens earlier than planned 22 going somewhere else 16
bring in sth or bring sth in if a govern mem or call off 5th or call 5th off to decide that a
organisation brings in something new [e.g. law, plan ned event or activity will nor happen,
ru le], they make ir exist fo r the first time 68 especially beca use ir is no longer possible or
bring off sth or bring 5th off to succeed in doing usefu l 1, 2, 33
somerhi ng difficu lt 27 ca" off sth or ca" 5th off to decide to stop an
bring round/around 5b/5th or bring sb/sth activity that has already started 5, 28
round/around see bring around/round ca" round British & American to vis ir someone
bring up 5b or bring 5b up ro look after a chi ld who ¡ives nea r to you for a short time 59
and educate them untiJ they are o ld enough to cal m down (sb) or calm (sb) down to stop
look aher themselves 55 fee ling upset, angry, or excited, or to make
bring up 5th or bring 5th up ro start ro talk someone stop feel ing this way 51
abo ut a particular subject 1,31 calm down (sth) or calm (sth) down il a
bru5h a5ide 5b/5th or brush 5b/5th aside to situarion calms down, or if you calm it down, it
refuse to listen to what someone says, or to beco mes more peaceful 34
refuse to th ink abour something seriously 2, 39 can't/couldn't get over 5th if someone can't get
brush up (on) 5th to practise and improve your over something, they are very sur prised or
ski lis or your knowledge of someth ing that you shocked rhar something has happened or thar
learned in the past but have pa rtly forgotten 43 something is rrue 7
bubble over to be very excited and enthusiastic care for sb to ¡ook after someone who is too
31 young, too oId, or too ill to look aher themselves
build on 5th to use a Sllccess or achievement as a 56
base from which to achieve more success 27 carried away to become so excited about
bump into 5b to meet someone you know when someth ing thar you do not control what you say
you had nor plan ned ro meet them 21 oc do and you forger abour everything else 51
burn off 5th or burn sth off to use or get rid of carry on to continue doing so mething 55
energy or something which provides energy [e.g. carry out sth or carry 5th out to do or
calories, fat], by doing a lot of physical exercise complete somerh ing, especially somerhing
57 important 45
burnout n illness or extreme riredness beca use carry out sth or carry 5th out if you carry out
you have been working too hard 70 something rhat you said you would do, or rhar
burst into 5th ro suddenly start to make a noise, you have been told ro do [e.g. instructions, order,
especially to start cry ing, laugh ing or singing 21 threat], you do ir 68
butt in to interrupt a conversarion or discussion ca5hback n money from your bank account thar
or someone who is ra lking 31 you can get from a shop when you buy goods
buy into 5th informaL to completely believe in a wirh a debí! card 70
ser of ideas 70 catch on to become popular 27

catch up te reach someone in front of yo u by chop down 5th or chop 5th down to cur
go ing faster than rhe m 27 rhrough a tree or a group of rrees so rhar th ey
catch up te reac h the same qua lit y or standard as fall ro the gro und 17
someone or something else 42 chop up 5th or chop 5th up te cut somethi ng,
catch up on/with 5th ro do somerhing you did especially food, into sma ll pieces 13
not have time to do earlier 46 clamp down if someone in authority damps
catch up with 5b te mect someone you know, down, rhey do somerhing in order ro stop or
afrer not seeing them for a period of time 19 li mi t a partic ular activity 68
caught up in 5th te be involved in a si tuation, clampdown 11 a sudden acrion raken by a
often when you do not want to be 34 government or people in authority ro stop or
changeover 11 a complete c hange from one lim it a particular activity 68
sys rem o r merhod ro anorher 4, 26 clear off informal to leave a place quick ly 15
charge up 5th or charge 5th up if you charge clear out 5th or clear 5th out ro make a
up a piece of electrica l equipment, you put place tidy by removing things thar are unwanred
electr icity into it 50, 64 14
cha5e up 5b or chase 5b up te ask so meone te clear up (sth) or clear (sth) up ro ma ke a place
do somerh ing rhat they said they wo uld do but ridy and cIea n, espec iall y by purting rhings where
rhat they ha ve not done yet 46 they usually belong 5, .13
cha5e up 5th or cha5e 5th up te try ro get clear up if rhe wearhe r c1ears up, ir improves 6 1
someth ing rhar belongs ro you or rhar you need, clock in/on ro record the time you a rrive at work,
or ro try ro discover more informarion abour usually on a machine w irh a dock 22
somerhing 2 clock off/out ro record [he time you leave work,
chat up 5b or chat 5b up informal, British & lI sually on a mac hin e wirh a c10ck 22
Australian ro talk ro someone in a way rhar clog up (sth) or clog (sth) up if something [e.g.
shows rhem rhar yo u are sexually atteacred ro road, pipe] cIogs up, or if somerhing clogs it up,
rhem and ro rry ro make them attracred ro you it becomes blocked and norhing in it is ab le ro
52 move 13
chat-up n informal a way of ta!king which close down (sth) or close (sth) down if a
suggests yo u are sexually artracted ro someone business or organ isarion c10ses clown, or if
and want them to be attracted to you 52 so meone or somethi ng c10ses ir down, it sto ps
check in ro show your ticket at a n airpoet so thar doing business 17
yo u can be told where yo u are sirring and so t hat cloud over if rhe sky clouds ove r, it beco mes
yo ur bags ca n be put o n rhe a ircea ft 62 covered w ith douds 61
check-in n the place ar an a irport w here you go club together if a group of people club togerh er,
ro say thar yo u have arrived fo r yo ur flighr 4, 62 rhey share rhe cost of somerhing berween rhem
check in or check into 5th tO arrive at a hotel 48
and say who you are so thar you ca n be given a come about w hen you say how or why
key for your room 62 something comes abOlir, especially something
check out to leave a hotel after pa ying and givi ng which is not planncd, yO tl explain how or why ir
back rhe key of your room 62 happens 6
checkout 11 rhe place where you pay for rhi ngs in come across sth/5b ro disco ver somerhing by
a big shop 4 chance, or ro meet someo ne by chance 1, 6
check over 5th/sb or check 5th/5b over ro come along to a rr ive at a place 6
exam in e somethi ng or someone ro make sure come apart if so merhing comes aparr, ir
rhat they are correct, health y or wor king separa tes jnto pieces 6
properl y 17 come around/round ro vi sir someone at the ie
check up on 5b ro discover what someone is house 2, 59
do ing in o eder ro be certain thar rhey are doing come around/round ro become consc ious aga in
whar rhey shou ld be do in g or what they said 2,6
they wo uld do 35 come back to 5th ro srart talking a bout a
cheer up (5b) or cheer (5b) up if so meone particu lar subj ect agai n 3 1
cheers up, or if someone or so merh ing checes come down to 5th if a situ atlon or decision
them up, they start to fee! happier 51 comes down ro somerhing, rhat is rhe thing thar
chicken out informal ro decide nor ro do wi ll influence ir most 6
somerh ing you had plann ed tO do because you come down with 5th ro become ill, usua lIy with
are roo frighrened 37 a disease that is not veey serious 56
chill out informal to relax com plerely, or nor come off ro happen success fu ll y or as planned 6,
allow things ro upser you 70 27

Come off it! informal somerhing rhar you say in I could do without sth informal somerh ing you
arder [Q rell someone rhar yo u do nor believe say whe n something is annoy íng you or ca usi ng
rhem or rhar you disagree wirh rhem 41 problems for you, beca use your situario n ar rhar
Come on! somerh ing that you say to someone in time makes it difficult for you ro deal with it 37
order [O encourage rhem ro do somerhi ng yo u couldn't ask for sb/sth if yo u say rhat you
wanc rhem [O do, espec iall y ro hurry up, [O rey couldn'r ask for someone or something berrer,
harder, or to reH you somerhing 41 you mean rhar thar person or rhing is rhe besr of
come out if din or colour comes our of rheir kind 19
somethi ng, especially clorhi ng or dorh, ir count on/upon sb to have confidence in so meo ne
d isappears oc becomes less srrong after being in beca use yO l! know thar they wi ll do what yo u
ware r 6 wa nr 16
come out if someone w ho has been in priso n or cover-up 11 an atte mpr ro sto p people cliscoverin g
hosp ital comes our, rhey leave 6 rhe trmh abollt so merhing bad 4
come out if somerhing that is published [e.g. crack down if so meone in a urho ri ty [e.g. po lice,
book, newspaper], a musical recording [e.g. governmentl cracks clown, rhey stan treating
e single, al bu m], or a film co mes out, it becomes people much more strictly in order to try to stop
'e avai lab le for people [O buy or see ir 14 them from doi ng things they shou lcl nor do 17,
come out if the trurh a bout somerhing comes 66
out, ir beco mes known publicly afrer it has been crackdown n when bad or illega l behaviour is
., kepr sec ret 6 dealr wirh in a very severe way, in order to sto p
come out if results or informatíon come o ut, they it happen ing 66
are gíven [Q people 6 cram in/into if a lot of people or anirnal s cram in
come over ro visit so meone at rheir hou sc 59 or era m ioto a place, they all go into it even
come round/around see come around/round though ir is too small for all of thern and
come to sth ro be a parricular total when becomes very fu ll 33
amo unts or numbers are added rogerher 47 crop up if a problem crops up, it suddenl y
come to sth if you come [Q a decision or a happens, ohen when it is nor ex pected 34
conclus ion, you make a dccision about something, crop up if something, es pecia ll y a word, craps up ,
oc you decide what yO tl rh ink about someth ing 6 it appears, ofrcn in so methin g that yotl read ,
come under sth if a piece of informarion comes hea r, or see 44
undee a particular pan of a lisr, book, or cross out sth or cross sth out to draw a li ne
collection of things, you can fi nd ir in rhar part through something thar you have writren,
35 lIs ually beca use it is wrong 42
come up if a su bj ect [e.g. issue, na me] comes up cut back (5th) or cut (5th) back to reduce rhe
in a conversarion, ir is discussed or mentioned 6 amounr of money thar is being spent on
come up if a ¡ob or opportuniry comes up, ir so mething 47
becomes available 6 cutback 11 a reduction in the a mOllnt of mo ney
come up if a problem or difficulr situarío n comes thar is being spent on something 4
up, ir happens when you do nor expecr it 6 cut down sth or cut sth down if yo u cut down
come up if a question or a subject comes up in an a tree or a bush, you make ir faH to rhe grou nd
exa m, rhar question is as ked or questions abollr by curtíog it near the botrom 17
rhar sllbject aee asked in rh e exam 43 cut down to cat or drink less of a particu lar
come up against sth/sb ro have ro dea l with a rhing, usually in order to im prove your healrh
diffictllt situation or someone who d isagrees wirh 17
yo tl o r tr ies to s[Op yOll do ing what yo u want to cut down sth or cut sth down to reduce rhe
do 1,6 amOllnr or number of something 28
come up with sth ro think of or ro sllggest a cut off sb or cut sb off to stop people from
plan or idea, a solution to a problem, or an continu ing a relephone conversarion by breaking
answe r to a q uestion 36 rhe telephone conoecrion 50
cool down (5bI5th) or cool (5bI5th) down to cut off sb/sth or cut sb/sth off ro prevenr people
become coolee, or [O make someone or from reach ing a place or leaving a place 2
somerh ing become cooler 57, 61 cut off to be a long way from other places and
cool downloff (5bI5th) or cool (5bI5th) people 24
down/off ro become calmer, or to make cut out sth or cut sth out tO rcmove something
someone oc somerhing become ca lmer 51, 61 by cutting. especially somerhing made of paper
could do with sth/sb to need or want so merhing or cloth 2, 14
or someone 19 cut out sth or cut sth out to rcmove part of a
piece of writin g 44

cut out if an engi ne, mach ine, or piece of drop around/round sth or drop sth
eq uipm ent cuts out, it suddenly stops wock ing 2, around/round informal to deli ver somethi ng,
64 usually something small 59
date back [Q ha ve exisred si nce a particular time drop in to make a shoet visit to someone in their
23 home, usual1 y wirho ut arranging it before 59
dawn on/upon sb if a facr dawns on yo u, yo u drop off sb/sth or drop sb/sth off ro take
realise or undersra nd so methi ng after a period of someone to a place that they want to go to, or to
time when you did not eealise or understand it de li vee something to a place, usually in a car,
36 often when you are go ing somewhere el se 63
deal with sth ro take ac60n in ocder to ach ieve drop off sth or drop 5th off to take someone to
someehing, or in order to so lve a problem 31, 36 a place that they wa nt te go to, oc to del iver
deal with sth if so mething [e.g. book, film, so mething to a pl ace, usua lly in a cae, often
artide] deals wirh a particular subject or idea, it when you are go ing somewhere else 1
is abour rhar subjecr or idea 19 drop out if a student drops out, they stop go ing
depend on/upon sth/sb [Q trust so meo ne o r ro c1 asses before they have finished rheir course
somethi ng and know that they wi ll help you or 4,43,55
do what you expect them [Q do 16 dropout n a person who lea ves school or col1ege
dial out [Q llse a telephone in order to ca ll before finishing a course 4
so meo ne in another building 50 drop round/around see drop around/round
die for sth informal sec be dying for sth 19 dry up if a supp ly of so mething dcies up, it cll ds
dip into sth to rcad sma ll paces of a book or 28
magaz ine 44 dry up to stop spea king when you are acring or
divide up (sth) or divide (sth) up ro sepa rate maki ng a speech, es pecially because yO ll
something in to smaller parts or groups, or to suddenl y forget what to say next 3 1
form small er parts oc gro ups 13 dying for sth informal to want something ve ry
do away with 5th to get rid of somethi ng, or to much, especiall y food or drink 19
stop using something 1, 68 eat out to eat a mea l in a restaurant, not at home
do up sth or do sth up to faste n somethi ng 32 1,60
do with -+ could do with sth/sb [Q need or eat up sth or eat 5th up to eat al! th e food you
want so meehing or someone 19 ha ve beell givell 13
do without (sth/sb) to manage with out e-mail back (sb) or e-mail (sb) back ro send a
somerhing or someone 37 see I could do rep ly to someone by e- mail, usually a reply to an
without sth/sb e-ma il someo ne has sent you 20
downfall n the sudden fadu ce of a persoo o e end up ro fin al1 y be in a particular place, sta te, or
oeganisation, or something that causes this 4, 27 situation, espec ially without having planned it
downpour II a sudden, heavy fall of rain 61 55
doze off informal to gradually start to sleep, end up doing sth to fina l1 y do something,
especially during the day 15 especially without having planned to 55
drag on if an unpleasant o r difficult siwation oc enter into sth ro starr to become in volved in
process deags on, it continues for too long 23 something, espec ial1 y a discussion 21
draw on/upon sth to use info rmation or your enter into sth if you enter into an agreeme nt,
knowledge or experience of something to help yo u official1 y agree ro somerhing 68
you do something 35 face up to sth to accept that a difficult or
draw up if a veh icle, oe someo ne in a veh icl e, unpleasant situation exists 36
draws up, they active somewhere and stop 63 fal! apart if somethi ng falls apart, it beeaks or
dress up (sb) or dress (sb) up ro put on formal breaks into pieces beca use it is old or weak 30
oc special cl othes for a special occasion, oc to put fall behind (sth/sb) ro faíl ro develop at th e same
them o n someone else 2, 32 rate as someth ing clse, oc to fail to achieve a
dre55-down adj used about an occasion when standa rd reached by othcr people 42
you wea r less formal clorhes than noemal 70 faH down to fa l1 to the ground 29
drift apart if two fri ends drift apa rt, they fal! down to fa il beca use of nor being satisfacrory
grad ually become less friend ly and their for a particular purpose 4 downfall n the
relationship ends 53 sudden failure of a person or ocganisation, or
drink up (sth) or drink (sth) up ro completely something that ca uses this 4,27
fin ish youe d ri nk 13 fal! for sb/5th informal to be attracted to
drop around/round informa! tO make a shoet someone or something 52
visir tO someo ne in theie horne, usua lly without fal! for sth to be tricked into believing so mething
arranging it before 59 thar is not true 2, 39

fall out ro acgue wirh someone and srop being flood out sb or flood sb out ro force someone
friendly wich rhem 38, 52 to leave rheir home because of floods 61
falling~out 11 informal an argumem 52 follow up sth or follow sth up ro do somerh ing
fall over if someone faUs over, rhey faH ro rhe in order ro make rhe effect of an earlier action or
ground 3,17 thing srronger or more cerrain 45
fall through if a plan or agreemem falls rhrough, fool around ro spen d time having fun or behaving
ir fails ro happen 27 in a si lIy way 18
feel for sb ro fee! sorry for someone beca use chey fork out sth or fork sth out informal tú pay or
are very unhappy or in a diHicu lr situarion 51 give money for somerhing, especia ll y when you
fight back ro defend yourself when someone oc do not want ro 48
somerhing attaeks you or ca uses problems for you freshen up ro quick ly wash yo urself so rhac you
30 feel elean 32, 69
fight off sth or fight sth off tú rry hacd ro ger rid get acr05S sth or get 5th across tú successfu ll y
of somerhing unpleasam or unwanted, especially commu nicare an idea to orher people 3 1
an iHness or bad emotions 56 get ahead ro be sueeessfu l in rhe work rhar yo u
figure out sth or figure sth out American ro do 45
undersrand something oc someone, or ro find rhe get along if rwo or more peop le ger along, chey
answer ro something by rhinking carefully 69 Iike ea eh orher and are friendly to each other 52
fill in sth or fill sth in tO write the neccssary get around/round sth ro find a way of dealing
informacion on an official document le.g. fo rm, wirh or avoiding a problem 7
quesrionnaire1 44 get around/round to 5th/doing 5th ro do
fill in sb or fill sb in ro reH someone abour rhe something rhat you ha ve intended ro do for a
rhings rhar have happened while they have nor long rime 7
been rhere, or tú give so meone rhe informarion get at sth see be getting at 5th 7
rhey need in order ro do something 45 get away ro leave a place or person, orren when
fill out sth or fill sth out ro w rire the necessary rhe siruarion makes ir difficult for you ro do rhis
informarion on an official documenr [e.g. form, 2,7
qllesrionnairel 44 get away tú go somewhere tú ha ve a holiday,
fill up (5th) or fill (5th) up to become full, or to especially beca use you need te resr 62
make some rhing become full 26 getaway adj used ro escape somerhing or
find out (5th) or find (5th) out to get so meone 62
informarion a bour somerhjng because you want get away with 5th/doing 5th ro sueceed in Ilor
ro know more abour ir, or ro learn a facr or being criticised or punished for somerhing wrong
piece of informarion for rhe first rime 35 that you have done 7
finish off 5th or finish sth off to complete rhe get away with 5th/doing sth ro do something
last parr of something rhar you are doing 28 successfu ll y even rhough ir is nor rhe besr way of
finish with 5b informal, British & Australian ro doing ir 1, 7
end a romantic relarionship wirh so meone 53 get 5th back or get back sth if you ger
Fire away! informal somerhing chat yO l! say in so mething back, so merhing rhar yo u had before
arder ro reH someone rhar you are ready for is given to you again 47
rhem to start asking you questions, or ro srart get back to sb if you get back ro someone, yOtl
speaking 41 ralk to them, usually on rhe telephone, in order
fit in ro fcel happy in a group of people becallse ro give rhem sorne information rhar chey have
you are similar ro them 52 asked you for, or beca use you were nor able ro
fit in sb/5th or fit sb/5th in ro find rime ro do speak ro rhem before 50
something or see someone 22 get behind if yo u ger behind wich work or with
fix up 5b/sth or fix sb/sth up ro provide or paymenrs, yOl1 have nor done as much work el'
arrange somerhing for someone 45 paid as much money as you should by a
fizzle out to gradua ll y end or disappear, parricular ri me 7
especia ll y in a disappoinring way 28 get by ro ha ve jusr enough mo ney ro pay for rhe
fiare up if so mething [e.g. violence, argume nr, rhings rhar yO ll need, bur norhi ng more 7
anger] fiares up, ir sudden ly happens and get carried away ro become so exeired abour
beco mes very seriou s 66 something rhar yOtl do nor control whar yOL! say
flick through sth ro look briefly ar rhe pages of or do and you forger abour everything e1se 51
somerhing le.g. book, magazine] 20 get down to sth/doing 5th ro sta rt doing
flip through sth ro loo k briefly at the pages of something seriously and wirh a lot of your
something [e.g. book, magazine] 20 arrenrion and eHorr 5

get in if a train, plane, or other vehicle gets in at a give up sth or give sth up to stop doing a
particular time, [hat is when it arrives 62 regular activicy or a job 28
get into sb informal, Australian to criticise give up (5th/doing 5th) or give (5th) up ro stop
someone 69 doing an activiry or piece of work before you
get mixed up in sth to become in volved in an have compleced it, usually beca use ir is too
illega l o r bad activity 67 difficulr 28
get off (sth) to leave a bus, train, airc raft, or boat give up to stop trying to think of rhe answer to a
62 joke or quesrion 35
get on (sth) to go onto a bus, tcain, aircraft, or go about sth/doing sth to start to do something
boar 2, 5, 62 or deal with somerhing 8
get on if two or more people get on, they like go about doing sth if someone goes about doing
each other and are friendly ro each other 2, 5, 7 someching for a long time, they spend their time
get on to continue doing someth ing, especially behaving badly or doing somethi ng rhat is
work 5,7 unpleasant for other people 8
get on tolonto sth to start talking about a go against sth/sb to do the opposite of what
subject after discussing someth ing else 31 someone has asked or advised you to do 2
get out to move out of a vehicle 63 go ahead to start to do something 68
get out of sth/doing sth to avoid doing go-ahead n permission for so mething to start 68
something that you should do, often by giv ing an go along with sth/sb to support an idea, oc tO
excuse 34 agree wirh someone's opinion 8
get over sth to begin to fee! better after an go back if schools or studenrs go back, the
experience that has made you unhappy 17, 26 schools are open and the students start going to
get over see can'tlcouldn't get over sth lessons again afre r the holidays 43
get sth over with ro do and complete something go back sth informal if people go back a number
difficult or unpleasant that must be done 7 of years, they have been friends for that many
get round/around see get around/round years or since thar time 20
get through to manage to talk to someone on the go back on sth to not do something rhat you
telephone 1, 50 promised or said you would do 54
get through to sb to succeed in making so meone go by if time goes by, it passes 23 bygone adj
understand or believe something 31 from the past 23
get to sb informal to make so meone fee! upset or go down to become lower in level 2
ang'y 38 go down with sth informal, British to become
get together (5b) or get (5b) together if rwo ill, usually wirh a disease that is nor very serious
or more people get together, or if someone gets 56
two or more people together, they meer in a rder go for sth to choose something 8
to do something or spend time together 7 go for sth tú try to get or achieve something 19,
get (sb) up to wake up and get o ut of bed, or ro 57
make someo ne do this 58 go for sb/sth to like a particular type of thing or
getting at sth informal if yo u ask someone what person 52
they are getting at, you are asking them what go forward to win one stage of a competition and
rhey mean, usually beca use chey have expressed compete in anorher stage 57
so mething indirectly 7 go in for sth ro co mpete in a competition, or ro
give away sth or give sth away to give do an exam 8
somethi ng to someone without asking for go into sth ro describe, discuss, or exam ine
payment 47 something in a detailed way 21
give in to finally agree to what someone wants go off to leave a place and go somewhere else 8
after a period when you refuse to agree 2, 38 go off if food or drink goes off, ir is not good tO
give in to accept rhar yOl! ha ve been defeated and eat o r drink any more beca use ir is too old 8, 60
agree ro stop competing or fighting 57 go off if a warning device [e.g. a larm] goes off, it
give in sth or give sth in to give a piece of suddenly makes a lo ud noise 64
written work or a document ro someone for go off if a bomb or gun goes off, it explodes or fires
them ro read, judge, or deal with 2, 42 66
give out sth or give sth out to give something go on ro continue ro exisr or happen 8
to a large number of people 42 go on ro continue doing something 8
give up (5th) or give (5th) up if you give up a go on to happen 8
ha bit [e.g. smoking, drinking] or give up goings-on 11 strange or amusing events 4
so methi ng un hea lrh y [e.g. cigarertes, alcohol], go on to talk in an annoy ing way about
you stop do ing it or having it 26 something for a long time 8

Go on! informal so merhin g rhar you say ro hand out 5th or hand sth out to give somerhi ng
encourage someone tú do so merhing 8,41 to each person in a group of people 42
go out if a Jighr goes our, ir srops giving ¡ighr 8 handout n a piece of papee that is given co
go out British ro lose w hen yo u are playing in a people who go ro a ralk o r class and which has
sports comperirion, so thar yo u must stop info rmari on o n ir about the subject dea lt with in
playing in the competition 57 the talk or class 4, 42
go out with sb ro ha ve a comamic relationshi p hand over sth or hand 5th over to give
with someone 52 something to someone else 17
go over sth ro talk oc think about someth ing in hand over (sth/sb) or hand (sth/sb) over ' o
arder to exp lain it or make sure rhat ir is correer give someone clse responsibility for oc control of
17 so methi ng or someone 45
go through sth to experience an unpleasant or hand round sth or hand sth round to offer
difficult situ ation or evcnr 2, 8 something, especially food or drink, to each
go through sth to carefull y exa mine the coments person in a group of peop le 60
of so merhing or a collection of things in o rder ro hang about/around/round (5wh) informal ro
find something 8 spend time somewhece, usually without doing
go through sth to carefull y read oc disc uss evecy very much 18
part of somethi ng in order to make sure rhat it is hang on informal to wait, especia ll y for a shorr
correer or acceptable 17, 20 tim e 22
go through with sth to do so mething unpleasa nt Hang on! informal so mcthing that yO l! say whe ll
or d ifficulr which you ha ve plan ned or promised you are confused oc surpri sed by so mething and
' o do 8 you need ro think 41
go together if two types of rhing or people go hang out informal to spend a lot of time in a
cogether, chey are usually found wi rh eac h othec particular place, or co spend a lor of time with
8 so meone 22
go together if two pieces of clothi ng or two hang up to end a te lephone conversatian, often
types of food go togeth er, th ey look or taste suddenly, by putti ng rhe parr af the telephone
good when you weae oc eat rhcm at the same that you speak into back into its usual pos ition
rime 32 50
go under if a company or busi ness goes undee, it hang up 5th or hang 5th up to hang something,
fa ils financially 49 es pecially c1othes, 011 a hook 13
go up if an amount, rate, or standard goes up, it hang up informal see hung up 51
rises 26 hang-up n informal a feeli ng of embarrassme nt
go with sth if one thing goes with another, they o r fear abotlt so mething, often when it is not
suit each other oc they look or taste good necessary to feel that way 51
roge,her 19, 60 have it out with 5b informal to talk ro someone
go without (sth) to not have so mething which about someth ing rhar they ha ve said or do ne rhat
you usually have 8 has made yotl angcy in order to improve the
goings-on n strange or amusing events 4 situ ation 54
goof off informal, American tO avoid doing any have 5b around/round if yo u have someone
work 69 around, they come [Q yOllr house foc a soc ial
growapart if peo ple who are good friends grow visit 59
apa rt, they gradually become less fr iendly, ofeen have 5b on to persuad e someone thar so mcthing
beca use they do not have th e same interests and is true when it is not, usually as a joke 39
op inions any more 53 have 5th on to have an arrangement to do
grow on 5b informal if so merhin g or someone something 37
grows o n yo ti, you lik e th em more and more, have 5b over if you have someone over, they
although you did nor li ke them at first 51 co me to yo ur house ro vis it you 59
grow up to gradual1y change from being a child head off to start a journey or leave a place 15
ro being an adu lt 55 heat up 5th or heat sth up tú make food hot so
hack into 5th to get into so meo ne clse's computer that it ca n be ea ren 60
system withour peemission in o rde r ro look ar heat up (sth) or heat (sth) up ro beco me wa rm
informario n or do so mcrh in g ilIegal 65 or hot, or to make something warmer or hottcr
hand down 5th or hand 5th down ro give or 26
teach something to someone who will be alive help out (sb) or help (sb) out to help so meone,
after you ha ve died 55 es pecially by giving th em Ill oney or by doing
hand in 5th or hand 5th in to give a piece of work foc them 14
written work [e.g. essay] ro a [eacher 42

help 5b off with 5th ro help someone remove a invite back 5b or invite 5b back [O ask someone
piece of oure r dothi ng le.g. coatl 29 ro come ro your home afrer yo u ha ve been out
help 5b on with 5th to help someone to pur on a somewhere rogether 3
piece of clorhing 29 invite in 5b or invite 5b in ro ask someone if
hide away ro go to a place where orher people they would like ro come into your house 3
will nar find you 66 invite out 5b or invite 5b out ro ask someone to
hideaway 11 a place where someone goes [O be go with you ro a place, for example a restaurant
alone 66 or che cinema 3, 59
hire out 5th or hire 5th out British & invite over 5b or invite 5b over to ask someone
Australian to all ow someone to use something ro come to your home 3, 59
for a short period of time afrer rhey have paid invite up 5b or invite 5b up ro ask so meone if
you money 49 che y would like ro come upsrairs 3
hit back ro criticise or attack someone who has join in (5th) ro become invo lved in an activity
criricised or arracked you 40 wirh other people S7
hit it off if two or more peop le hit it off, they like jot down 5th or jot 5th down ro wr ite
each other and beco me Iriend ly immed iare!y 52 something quick ly on a piece of paper so that
hold 5th again5t 5b ro like or respect someone you remember ir 44
less because rhey have done somerhing wrong or jumble up 5th or jumble 5th up to mix things
behaved badly 38 together in an unridy way 13
hold down 5th or hold 5th down ro control rhe jump at 5th ro eagcrly accep r a cha nce ro do or
leve! of something [e.g. prices, cosrs, inflationJ have so merhing 51
and ro prevenr ir from increasing 17 jump out at 5b if somerhi ng jumps out at you,
hold off (sth/doing sth) ro delay somerhing or you notice ir immed iately 36
doing something 15 keep (5b) at 5th tO continue working hard at
hold on to wair for a shorr rime 50 something difficult oc something wh ich takes a
Hold on! somerhing you say to show thar you are long time, or to make someone continue ro work
surprised or confused aboLIr somerhing and rhar hard 46
yOLl need rime ro rhink abour ir for a shorr time keep away (sb/sth) or keep (sb/sth) away ro
41 !lot go somewhere or ncar something, or ro
hold up sth/sb or hold sth/sb up ro delay prevent someone or somerhing from go ing
something or someone 23 somewhere or near somerhing 21
hold up 5th/5b or hold 5th/5b up to sreal money keep down 5th or keep 5th down to stop the
from a building fe.g. bank], a person, or a vehicle, number, level, or size of something from
by using violence or by threatening to use violence increasing 17
67 keep on at 5b to talk ro so meone abotlt
hold-up 11 a delay 23 something many times, usually beca use yOl! want
hold-up 1/. when someone steals from so meone ro complain about somerhing they ha ve done or
e!se us ing violence or rhe th rear of violence 67 not done 54
hot up informal if an evenr or situation hots up, keep on doing 5th ro continue ro do something,
ir beco mes more exciting and there is a lot more or ro do somerhing again and again 2, 16
activiry 34 keep 5th from 5b to not teH someone abotlt
hung up informal ro be very worried about something 54
someth ing and spend a lor of time think ing keep to 5th to do what yOtl ha ve promised or
abolir ir 51 planned to do 31
hurry up ro do something more quickly 41 keep up to go at rhe same speed as someone or
hurry up 5b/5th or hurry 5bl5th up to make someth ing thar is Ill oving forward, so rhat you
someone do something more quickly, or ro make stay leve! with them 23
somerh ing happen sooner 23 keep up to inccease or tO make progress at the
I could do without 5th somerhing rhat you say same speed as something or someone e!se so that
when somerhing is annoying you or causing you stay at the same leve! as them 27
problems for you, beca use your siruarion ar thar keep up 5th or keep 5th up to practise a skill
time makes it difficu lt Ior yOtl to deal wirh ir 37 that you learned in the pase so rhat you continue
invite along 5b or invite 5b along to ask to be good at it 43
someone if they would like to go with yOLl ro an keep it up to conrin uc to do somethi ng, especially
event or acrivity 3 ro wo ck hard or tO do good work 41
invite around/round 5b or invite 5b key in 5th or key 5th in ro put infocmation into a
around/round ro ask someone ro come ro your compurer using a keyboard 65
home 3,59

kick~off n the time when a footbal! match begins leave out 5b/sth or leave sb/sth out to not
57 inelude someone or somethi ng 2, 14
knock about/around together informal tú leave sb to 5th informal to go away from
spend a lot of time with someone, eirher beca use someone so rhar rhey do something by
they are yo ur friend oc beca use you are having a rhemselves or so they can continue what they are
romanric relarionship with them 22 doing 45
knock down sb or knock sb down tú hit left over if an amount of money or food is lefr
someone with a vehicle and injure o r kili them 63 over. it remains when the resr has been used or
knockdown adj very low (in price) 47 earen 4, 60
knock off (sth) informal tú srop working, left over to exist from an earlier time 23
usually at the end of a day 45 leftover adj existing from an ea rlier time 23
knock off 5th or knock 5th off (5th) to cake a leftovers n food that was prepared for a meal bU(
panicular amount away from so mething, not eaten 4, 60
especiall y a price 48 let down sb or let sb down to disappoint
knock out tú defeat a person or ream in a someone by failing to do whar you agreed to do
comperirion so rhat th ey have to stop tak ing part or what you were expected tú do 53
in it 57 let off 5b or let sb off to not punish someone
knockout n a competition in which only the who has commirted a crime or done something
winners of each stage p lay in the next stage, un til wrong, or ro not punish someone severely 67
one person o r team is the final winner 57 let on ro tel! someone abou r somethi ng which was
knock over sth/sb or knock sth/sb over ro hit supposed to be a secret 54
or push something or someone, especia ll y let out 5b/sth or let Sb/5th out ro allow a
accidentally, so rhar they fal! to the gro und or person or animal ro leave so mcwhere, especially
ooto rheir side 17, 30 by opening a locked oc elosed door 14
latch on informal, British & AlIstraJian tú let-out n an exc use or way of avo idi ng doing
understand something 35 something yo u agreed ro do 36
latch on t%nto sb to spend time wirh so meo ne, let up informal if bad weather or an unpleasant
especia ll y when they do not want you with them situation lets up, it stops o r improves 5, 61
22 lie about/around informal to spend rime Iying
laugh off sth or laugh 5th off to 1augh abour down and doi ng very little 18
something unpleasant in order to make it seem lie ahead if an event or situarion rhar wiIl cause
less im po rtanr or serious 15 problems lies ahead, it will happen in rhe future
launch into sth to start do ing o r say ing 23
something [e.g. speec h, storyj in a very lie behind 5th tú be the rea l reason for somethi ng
eoth usiastic way 21 25
lt
lay into sb to attack or criticise someone in an lie in British & Australian tú sray in bed in the
angry way 40, 69 mo rning later rhan you usua ll y do 58
lay off sb or lay sb off tO srop employing lie~in n British & Australian when you stay in
someone because there is no work for them to bed in the morning longer rhan usual 58
do 45 lie in sth to exist or be found in something 36
laze about/around to relax and enjoy yourse lf by lift off if a spacec raft or aircrafr li fts off, it lcaves
doing very little 18 rhe grou nd 15
lead on sb or lead sb on to make someone lift~off II rhe mome nt when a spacecraft lea ves rhe
believe somerh ing rhar is nor true 67 grou nd 15
leak out if secrer informarion lea ks our, peop le lighten up to beco me more relaxed and less
who shou ld not know (hi s informarion find out serious 70
about ir 66 Lighten up! in(ormal somethi ng yo u say to tell
lean on sb in(ormal to try tú make so meone do so meo ne ro stop be ing so serious or annoyed
.t
what you want by threatening or persuading 41
chem 67 listen in to sec retly lisren to a conversatio n,
leave a5ide 5th or leave sth aside to not discuss especially a telephone co nversation 50
e
or consider a particu lar subject so rhar yo u can Listen up! informal, American somethin g you say
discuss a different subject 31 to tell people to listen to what yo u are go ing te
Iy leave behind sth/5b or leave 5th/sb behind say 69
ro leave a place with out tak ing someth ing or littered with sth if somethi ng is li rtered wi rh a
a
someo ne wirh you, eirhe r because you have parricular rype o f rhing, ir has or conta ins a lor
forgorren them or because you cannot rake them of rhar thing 32
with yo u 24

live down sth or live sth down to stop feeling loo k around/round to rry ro find somerhing you
embarrassed about something you ha ve done by want [e.g. job] by ask ing different people or by
waiting unti l people forget about it 53 looking in differenr places 9
live for sth/sb ro believe (hat somerhing or loo k at sth ro consider a subjecr carefu ll y in order
someone is the most important thing oc person to make a decision about ir 9
in your life 19 loo k at 5th to read somerhing qu ickly and nor
live off sth/sb [Q ha ve enough moncy for the very carefully 9
things you need by taking it from a supp ly of loo k back ro rhink about or rememher somerhing
money or from another person 58 rhar happened in rhe past 2
live off sth [Q only eat a particular type of loo k down on sb/sth ro think [har someone is
food 60 less imporranr rhan you, or ro thin k rhar
live on sth ro have a particular amo un t of money something is nor good eno l1gh ql1aliry for you ro
in o rder ro buy the things you need 58 use 1, 9
live on sth to only eat a partic ul ar type of look for sth/sb ro rry ro find sO l11cthing or
food 60 someone, eirher beca use you have lost them or
live through sth to expe ri ence a difficult beca use you need rhem 3
situation or event 20 look forward to sth/doing sth to feel pleased
live up to sth if someone or something li ves up ro and excired abour somethi ng rhar is going ro
people's expectations o r a particular standard, happen 1, 9
they are as good as rhey were expccrcd ro be SS look into sth ro disco ver and examine the facts
liven up (5th) or liven (sth) up ro becomc more abo ur a problem or situarion 9, 21
inreresring and exciting, or ro make somerhing look on to warch an activ ity or event withour
become like rhis13 becoming involved in ir 4, 9 onlooker 11 a
load down sb or load sb down to give someone person who warches an activity or evenr wirhout
roo many things to carry 17 becoming involved in ir 4, 9
load up (sth) or load (sth) up to put a lot of look out for sb/sth to carefu ll y watch the people
rhings inro a vehicle or machine 64 or things around you so rhar you will norice a
lock yourself away to go to a room or building particular person or rhing 9, 66
where yo u can be alone, usually so that yOl! can lookout n a person who is warching for danger
work 21 9,66
lock in sb or lock sb in to prevent so meOl1e fram Look out! somerhing you say or shollt in order ro
leaving a room or building by lock ing rhe door reH someone that they are in danger 41
16 look over 5th/5b or loo k sth/sb over ro quickly
lock out sb or lock sb out ro prevent someone examine something or someone 3, 9, 17
fram entering a building by lock ing rhe door 14 look round/around see loo k around/round
lock yourself out to accidentally prevenr yourself look through sth ro read somethi ng quickly and
fram gerring inro a building or vchicle by leav ing nor very ca refully 9, 17, 20
the keys inside when yOtl shut the door 14 look up if a siruarion is look ing up, ir is
log in to connect a computer to a sysrem of improving 1, 9, 26
computers by typing yo ur na me, usually so that look up 5b or look 5b up ro visit so meone who
yo u can start working 65 you have nor seen for a long rime when yO ll are
log off (sth) to stop a computer being connected visiring rhe place where rhey live 1, 9
ro a comp uter system, usually when yOl! want to loo k up 5th or loo k 5th up ro look at a book or
stop working 65 compurer in order ro find a piece of information
log on to connect a co mputer ro a sysrem of 1,9
computers by typing your name, lIsually so rh ar loo k up to 5b to respecr and adm ire someone 9
you ca n start working 65 lose out to not ha ve al1 adva nrage rha t other
log out to stop a computer being con nected ro a people have 14
compurer sysrem, l!sually when you wanr to srop make for 5wh ro go in rhe direction of a place 10
work ing 65 make out sth/5b or make sth/sb out ro be able
loo k after sb/5th to take care of someone or to see or hear somethi ng oc SOl11eone, usua ll y
something by doing whar is needed ro keep rhem with difficulty 2, 10
well or in good condirion 1, 9 make out sth or make sth out to understand
look ahead to think abo ur whar wi ll happen in somerhing, espec ially the reason why somerhing
rhe future and plan for rhese eve nts 9 has happened 10
look around/round (swh) ro walk through a make out sth or make 5th out ro wr ire all rhe
buildi ng or around a place and look at the rhings necessary information o n an official documenr
in it 18 [e.g. cheque, app licarion, ticker] 44

make out 5b or make 5b out ro undersrand why mixed up in 5th informal to be in volved in an
someone behaves in rhe way rbar rhey do 1,10 ¡Ilegal or unpleasant acriviry 67
make up 5th or make 5th up ro say or wrire mouth off informal to talk about a sllbjecr as if
something rhar is nor true [e.g. exc use, report, yo u know mo re rhan everyo ne else, or tú
sco ry] in order to deceive so meo ne 10 complain a lor abour so mething 54
make up 5th or make 5th up co in venr move (5th) along if a process moves along, or if
somerhi ng [e.g. scory, game] 10 yo u move a process along, ir develops in a
make up 5th co form the whole of somerhing 10 satisfactory way 46
make-up 11 rhe co mbinaríon of things wh ich form move in tú begin li vi ng in a new house or area 58
something 10 move in together to start li ving in rhe sam e
make up ro for give someone who yo u have house as somcone you are ha ving a romanric
argued wirh and to become fr iend ly with them relationshi p with 58
agaí n 53 move out ro stop li ving in a parricula r house 58
make up for 5th ro rep lace somethi ng rhar has move over ro change rhe place where you are
been lost, or ro pro vide so mething good in order sitting or srandi ng so rhar rhere is space fo r
ro make abad siruaríon berrer 10 sorneone else to si t or stand 3, 17, 29
make it up to 5b ro do somerhíng good for move up British & Australiall ro move slightl y so
someone who you have done so merhing bad ro rhat there is enough space for someo ne else 29
in rh e pasr, or ro so meo ne who has done muck about/around info rma! to wa ste rime
something good for yOLl 10 doing si ll y things 22
match up if two pieces of information match up, muddle through ro succeed in doing so mething
rhey are the sa me and this shows rhar the even rhough yOl! havc d ifficu lties beca use you do
information is Iikely ro be cor reer 35 nor rea ll y know how to do ir 27
mea5ure out 5th or mea5ure 5th out to take a muddle up sb/sth or muddle sb/sth up ro
sl11a11 amo un t of something from a larger confu se two peop le o r thi ngs in your mind 34
amount, first weíghi ng or measuring ir in order mug up (5th) or mug (5th) up informal, British
ro make SUfe rhat ir is the right amount 64 ro quickly try ro Icarn rhe main facts abO li r a
mea5ure up ro be good enough 40 subj ecr, especiall y before an exa m 43
meet with 5b American ro ha ve a meeting with name sb/sth after sb/sth to give someone or
someone in order ro discuss or arrange something th e sa me name as sorneone or
something 69 somerhing e1se 55
me55 about/around ro spe nd rime pla ying or narrow down 5th or narrow 5th down to makc
doing rhi ngs with no parricula r purpose 18 somerhing re.g. lisr, choice, oprion] sma ller and
me5S about/around ro beha ve stupidl y o r ro clearer by remov ing the rhings rhar are less
wasre time doi ng unimportanr rhings 18,69 impo rtant 36
mess sb about/around informa! to rrea r note down 5th or note 5th down ro write
someone badly, especially by changing yo ue mind words oc n umbcrs, often so rhat you do nor
a lot o r not doing what you have promised 1,18 forget them 17, 44
me55 up (5th) or me55 (5th) up to spoil or off-putting adj unattracrive or lInpl easant 15
damage so merhing, or to do so mething badly 42 onlooker n a person who watches an acriviry o r
mili about/around (5wh) ro walk around a event withour becoming involved in it 9
particular place or area, uSll all y whi le wa iting open onto 5th if a room, wi ndow, or doo r opens
fo r something 18 onro a place, it o pens in the direcrion of rhar
Mind out! British & American so mething rhar place or has a view of it 24
yOll say in order to teH someone to be careflll oc open up (5th) or open (5th) up ro starr a new
te warn so meo ne of a danger 4 1 shop oc business 13
miss out tú nor do or ger somerhin g rhar you open up ro srart to ra lk more about yourself and
wo ul d en joy or rhar would be good for you, or yo ur feelings 54
ro Ilor ha ve something rhar other people ha ve 53 opt out to choose nor to be part of an acriviry or
miss out sb/sth or miss 5b/sth out British & arrangeme nt, o r to sto p being involved \Vith it
American to fail to inelude so meo ne o r 37
somerhing 42 order 5b about/around ro rell someone whar
mix up sth/sb or mix sth/sb up ro confu se rwo they should do all the tim e 18,31
people or thin gs by thinkin g rhar one person or outbreak n when somerhing unpleasa nt or
rhin g is rhe other person or rhin g 34 difficlllt to co ntrol srarrs, such as war or disease
mix-up 11 a misrake caused by confusion which 66
prevenrs so mething fro m being do ne or ca llses outcry !l a public express ion of anger or
somerhing ro be done illcorrectly 4,34 di sa ppro va l 4, 38

outlet n a shop that is one of many owned by a pencil in sth/sb or pencil sth/sb in ro arrange
particular company and rhar sells the company's for somerhing ro happen or for someone ro
goods 49 do something on a parricular dare, knowing thar
outpouring n a srrong expression of emorion rhe arrangemenr rn ighr be changed larer 45
54 phase in sth or phase 5th in ro make a new
outset n rhe beginn ing of somerhing 4, 28 sysrem, pcocess, or law gradua ll y begin ro
outstanding ad; exrremely good, or of a very happen or exist 26
high standard 40 phase out 5th or phase 5th out ro gradually
oversleep to sleep longer rhan you had intended stop us ing or supplying somerhing 26
58 phone around/round (sb) ro telephone several
own up to adm ir rhar you have done somerh ing people, ofren in orde r ro find ou t informarion
wrong, espec ially somerhing rha t is nor imporrant 50,69
54 phone (sb) back ro rele pho ne someone for rhe
pack away sth or pack sth away ro pU[ second time or ro relephone someone who rang
somerhing into a bag or containe r, o r ro pur yotl ea rli er 20
somerhi ng in rhe place w here ir is usually kept phone up (5b) or phone (sb) up ro te lephone
21 sameone 50
packed out adj ve ry fu ll of peopJe 33 pick on sb ro ehoose o ne pe rso n from a group of
pack up (5th) or pack (5th) up ro eolleet yo ur peop le ro eriricise or trear unfai rl y, especially
rhings together and pur them inro bags or boxes, w hen rhey are sma ller oc weake r rhan you 40
espec ia ll y whe n yo u have fi nished doing pick up 5th/5b or pick 5th/5b up ro lift
somethi ng 28 something oc someo ne by us illg your hands 29
pair off if two people pai r off, rhey srart a pick up sth/sb or pick sth/sb up ro eo lleer
ro mantic relationship 52 someone who is wa iring for you, or ro colleer
pan out ro devclop or happen in a particu lar way somerhing t har you have lefr so mewhere or thar
26 you ha ve bought 2, 63
partied out informal to have had eno ugh of pick-up n w hen a ea r, taxi, etc. co lleers you 48
pa rr ies bccause yo u have becn ro so many 70 pickup n sma ll truck wirh an open bae k 48
pass away te die 56 pick up sth or pick sth up ro co ll eer somethi ng
pass by if ti me or a period of time [e.g. wcck] you have lefr somewhere 65
passes by, ir goes pasr 23 pick up 5th or pick sth up ro ger or buy
pass for sb/sth if someone o r somerhing passes somerhing w hen you have gone ro a place ro do
for someone or someth ing else, they appear like somet hing else 47
rhar person or rhing 55 pick up 5th or pick sth up ro huy so merhing
pass off British & American if an cvenr passes off eheaply 48
in a good way, it happens in that way 33 pick up 5th or pick 5th up ro lea rn a new skill
pass on sth or pass sth on ro give so methi ng to or language by praeris ing ir rarher rha n be ing
someone clse 16 ra ughr ir 43
pass on 5th or pass 5th on ro te H somcone pick up if so merhi ng le.g. busi ness, eeO ll omy,
somerh ing thar someone clse has rold you 31 rrade} pieks up, it improves o r inereases afrer a
pass on to die 56 bad period 26
pass round sth or pass 5th round ro o ffer pick-up n an inerease o r imp roveme nt 48
somethi ng ro each perso n in a grou p of peop le pick up if the win d picks up, ir beco mes srronger
60 61
pass out ro become unconscío lls 56 pick-up n informal w hen you srart ra lki ng ro
pay back 5b/5th or pay 5b/5th back ro pay so meone yo u do not know bceause yo u wanr to
someo nc rhe money rha t you owe rhcm 47 have a sexual relarionship wirh rhem 48
pay back sb or pay sb back ro do somerh ing piJe up (5th) or piJe (5th) up if something
unpleasanr ro so meo ne beca use they ha ve done unpleasa nt [e.g. work, bi li s, 10ssesJ pi les up, or if
something unpleasant to you 25 you pi le ir up, you get more and more of ir 46
pay off 5th or pay 5th off if yo u pay off a debt pile-up n an accídent invo lving several cars
[e.g. loan, morrgage, overdrafr1, you pay back aH 4,63
the mOlley you owe 47 pin down sb or pin sb down to make someone
pay off if somerhing rhar you have do ne ro t ry ro give you exaer dera il s or a deeision abour
achieve so mething pays off, ir is suecessfu l 27 somet hing 54
pay up informal to give someone rhe mo ney rhar plan ahead to make decís ions or pla ll s about
you owe rhem, espeeia ll y whe n you do nor wa nr somerhing you \ViII do or somerh ing rhar mighr
ro 47 happen in rhe furure 37
J96 Eng/ish Phrasal Verbs in Use

play back 5th or play 5th back to listen ro pressed for sth ro have very litrle or nor enough
sou nds or warc h pictures rhar yo u ha ve just o f something, especia ll y rime or 1110ney 22
recorded 64 pre55 on ro conrinue doing somerhing in a
play down 5th or play 5th down ro try ro makc derermined way 22
people bclieve rhar som ethi ng is nor very print out (sth) or print (sth) out ro produce a
imporranr, or rhar ir is unlikel y te happen 54 prinred copy of a document thar has been
playing at 5th if yO tl as k whar someone is written on a compurer 65
playing at, you ask whar chey are do ing, in a printout n informarío n or a doc umenr rhar is
way which shows rhar yOl! are su r prised and prinred from a compure r 65
angry 40 pull ahead ro sud denly ger in fro nr of another car
play-off 11 a game betwee n {wo teams rhar ha ve o r person rha r was previous ly driving or runnin g
equa l pa ines in arder ro decide w hich is rhe ar the same speed as you 57
w inner 57 pull down 5th or pull sth down ro desrroy a
play up British & American if someonc, b uilding or other stfU ctu re beca use ir is nor being
especiall y a child , plays up, chey behave badly used or it is not wanred an y more 30
42 pull in if a rrain plllls in or pu ll s into a starion , ir
play up British & Australian if a machin e or part arrives rhere 62
o f a machi ll c plays up, ir does nor \York as ir pull in or pull into swh if a car pulls in or pulls
should 1 inro a place, ir moves ro rhe side of rhe road or
plug in 5th or plug 5th in or plug 5th i"to 5th ro an orher p lace where ir ca n sto p 63
ro connect a piece of electrical equipmenr ro a pull off 5th or pull sth off ro succeed in doing o r
suppl y of elecrriciry o r ro anorher piece of achieving somerhing difficulr 27
elecrrica l eq llipmenr 64 pull out if a rrain pulls out, ir sta rts ro leave a
point out sb/sth or point sb/sth out ro make a sra tion 62
person norice so meo ne o r somerhing, lIs uall y by pull out to dri ve Onto a road, eirher from anorher
relling rhem where rhey are o r by ho lding up one road or from rh e side oE the road w here yo u
of yo ur fingers rowards rhem 35 have stopped 63
point out sth or point 5th out ro rell someone a pul! out (sth/sb) or pul! (sb/sth) out ro stop
Eacr rhar they did nor already know, especia ll y being involved in a n acriv ity or agree ment 66
one rhar is imporrant in rhe present discussio n or pull over ro dr ive a car ro rhe side of the road in
siruatíon 35 o rder ro srop 3, 63
polish off sth or polish sth off informal ro pull (sb) through ro recove r from a serious
fini sh somcthing quickly and easay, especially a illness, DI to help someone ro do this 56
large am ou nt of Eood or a piece of work 28 pull together ro wo rk as a group in orde r to
poli5h up sth or polish 5th up ro practise a nd achi eve somerbing 45
improve yOllr sk ills or your knowledge of pul! your5elf together ro beco me calm after
something rha r you learned in rhe pasr b ur ha ve being so angry o r upser rhar you wece unab le ro
partly forgotren 43 behave in a sens ible way 5 1
pop in/into informal to go into a place, espec ially pull up if a ca e pulls up, ir stops, ofren for a sh orr
a fr lend 's house, just for a short ri m e 59 ri me 63
pop out informal ro lcave rhe place where yOll pump up sth or pump sth up te fill somerhing
are and go somewhe re for a short rime 29 wirh air by usi ng a pump 64
pour down ro rain heavily 61 downpour 11 a push in illformal, British & Americau ro rudely
sudden, heavy fal! of rain 61 join a lin e of people w ho are wa it ing for
pour in ro arrive or enrer somewhere in very large something by moving in frollr of sorne of rhe
numbers 33 peop le who are a lready rhere 16
pour 5th into sth to prov id e a lot of money for put across sth or put 5th acr055 to explain or
somerh ing over a long period 49 express someth ing clea rl y so rhar people
f pour out sth or pour sth out ro fill a g lass, Clip unde rsrand ir easil y 11,39
erc. w irh a drink 60 put sth at sth ro ro ug hly calcu lare rhar
pour out ro leave a place in large numbers 33 somerhing w ill cosr a particular amo unt oc rhar
pour out sth or pour sth out iE you pour out something is a particula r size or a mounr 49
your feelings or rhoughts, yOl! ralk very honestly put back 5th or put sth back ro cha nge the date
abolir whar is making yO l! sad 54 outpouring or t ime of an evenr so thar ir happens larer than
11 a srrong express ion of emorion 54 pl anned 11 ,33
pres5 (sb) for 5th ro rry ro pe rsuade someone, put back 5th or put sth back if you pm a warch
usually someone in authoriry, ro give you or clock back, you make ir show an earlie r rime
somerhing or ro a llow someth ing ro happen 39 11
Eng/ish PhrasQ/ Verbs in Use 197

put down (5th) or put (5th) down to land in al1 put out sth or put sth out ro produce
aircraft, or to make an aircrafr land 11 informarion [e.g. sratement, warning, press
put down 5th or put 5th down if you pur che rclease] and make ir available for everyone ro
phone clown, you put rhe part of rhe telephone read oc heae 2
rha[ you speak inco back ineo ¡es usua l posirion put out sth or put sth out ro injure a parr of
after youe co nve rsaria n has ended 50 youe body [e.g. back, shou ld er] by making a
put down sb or put sb down to make someone bone move from ¡rs usual place 56
fce l stupid oc unimportanr by criricising them 38 put out to be annoyed, often beca use of
put-down n an unkind remark rhar makes somerhing rhat someone has done or said ro
someone see m foolish 4 you 11
put forward 5th or put 5th forward ro sta te a n put over sth or put sth over to express an idea
idea or apio ion, oc te suggest a plan, so rhar ir clearly so rhat people understand it 17, 39
can be considered or discussed 39 put through sb or put sb through ro con nect a
put forward to change rhe date or time of an relephone caller ro rhe person they wa nr to speak
event so rhar ir happens earlier rhan planned 33 to 50
put forward 5th or put 5th forward if you pur put sth to sb ro suggest an idea or plan ro someone
forward a dock oc watch, you make ir show a so rhar they can consider ir or discuss ir 39
larer time 11 put up sth or put sth up ro build a strucrure
put in 5th or put 5th in ro fix new equipment oc [e.g. wa ll, building, sratue] 11
a new sysrem in rhe correct place in a room or put up sth or put sth up ro srick or fasten a
building 11 piece of paper [e.g. notice, posterl ro a wall so
put off sth/doing sth or put sth off ro decide or thar it can be seen 11
arra nge ro do somerhing ar a larer time 1, 2, 11, put up sth or put sth up tO open somethi ng that
33 is folded or rolled up [e.g. tenr, umbrella] so rhar
put off sb or put sb off ro rell someone rhar you it is ready to be used 11
cannor see rhem oc do somerh ing for rh em untíl put up sb or put sb up ro let so meone sray in
a later time 11 your hom e for a short period 58
put off 5b or put 5b off (5b/5th/doing 5th) to put sb up to sth to enco urage someone to do
make somcone not like someone or somethi ng, something srupid oc wrong 67
or not wanr to do something 15 off-putting put up with sth/sb to aceept unpleasanr
adj unattcactive oc unpleasant 15 behaviour or an unpleasanr siruation, cvcn
put on sth or put sth on to put a piece of though you do nor like ir 1J 11 J 19
c10thing onto your body 11, 32 rained off if a sport or othe r outsidc activity is
put on sth or put sth on ro make a device fe.g. rained off, ir cannor stan or conti nu e because it
light, fire] work by pre ss ing a sw itc h 11 is raining 61
put on sth or put sth on ro prerend to ha ve a reach down sth or reach 5th down to get
parricular feeling, or ro beha ve in a way which is somerhing rhar is aboye yo ur head by rcach ing
not real or natural for you 16 \Virh your hand 29
put-on adj prerend or nor genuine 16 reach out (sth) or reach (sth) out ro strerch
put on sth or put sth on ro organise a play, your arm in fronr of your body, usually in order
show, or competition 33 to get or touch so meehing 29
put on sth or put sth on ro begio ro cook food 60 read sth into sth te believe rhat an acrion,
put on sth or put sth on ro pur somerhing thar remark, or situa tion has a particular importance
so unds or pictures are recorded onto [e.g. CD, oc meaning, often when this is nor true 21
video] inro a machine which makes you able to read out sth or read 5th out ro read so mething
hear or see rhe record ing 11 and say rhe words a loud so thar other peop le can
put on sb or put sb on (sth) to give SOl11eone hear 44
rhe relephone so rhar they can spea k ro the read over/through sth or read 5th
person who is on ir 50 over/through ro read somerhing from th e
put sb on to/onto sth ro tell someone about beginning to the end in order ro fin d any
something or someone rhar could help rhem, mistakes or to undersrand it berrer 3, 17
ofren something or so meone rhey did nor know read through ro read someth ing from che
about before 11 beginning ro rhe end in order ro find any
put out sth or put sth out ro make a light stop mistakes or ro understand ie better 17
shi ni ng by pressing a switch 11 read up on sth ro read a loe abour a particular
put out sth or put sth out ro make somethi ng subjecr in order to lea en abour it 44
thar is burning le.g. fire, cigareucl Stop burning rely on/upon sb/sth ro trust somcone or
11,30 so methi ng to do what you need them to do 16

revolve around/round sth/sb if an activiry oc run into 5b to meee someone rhar you know
conversation revolves around something oc when you did nor expect ro meer rhem 21
so mcone, rhar thing or person is rhe maio rcaSQn run into 5th if rhe amou nr or cosr of somerhing
for [he acrivity, or rhe main subjecr of (he runs into thousands, millions ete., ir reaches that
convers3rion 34 level 49
ring (sb) back ro telephone someone foc rhe run off 5th or run 5th off ro prinr severa l copies
second time, oc ro relephone someone who rang of somerhing 64
you earlier 1, 20, 50 run off sth or run sth off ro quickly and easily
ring in British & Austra{;all ro telephone wrire something thar is usually difficulr tú wrire
somcone at your place of work, usually ro [e.g. poem, speechl 15
exp lain why you are Ilor there 50 run off with 5b tú sec retly lea ve a place wirh
ring off British & Australian ro end a relephone so meone in order te live wirh rhem or marry
a cal! by putting clown rhe parr of rhe telephone rhem, especially when orher people rhink rh is is
,k rhar you speak inro 50 wrong 53
rip off sb or rip sb off informal ro cheat run on ro continue for longer rhan expecred 23
le someone by making rhem pay roo much money run out ro use all of somerhing so rhar rhere is
foc somerh ing 4, 48 none lefe 14
rip~off 11 informal something rhar costs far too run out if a document or official agreement runs
much money 4, 48 our, rhe period of time it lasrs for comes ro an
rise aboye 5th ro Ilor allow somerhing bad rhar is end 22
happening or being done ro yOL! ro upser you or run over 5b/sth or run sb/5th over te hit
ro affecr your behaviour 34 someo ne or somerhing wirh a vehicle and dr¡ve
root for sb infonnal to show support for over them, injuring or killing rhem 63
" someone in a co mperirion, or ro hope rhar run through sth ro repear somerhing in order ro
" someone will succeed in doing somerh ing pracrise ir or to ma ke sute rhar ir is correce 31
difficult 19 run-through n a pracrice or rehearsa l 4,31
root out sth/sb or root sth/sb out ro find and run to sth ro reach a parricular amounr, usually a
ger rid of rhe rhing or person rhar is causing a large amount 49
problem 30 run up against 5th if you run up again st
rope in sb or rope 5b in informal ro persuade problems or difficulties, you begin to experience
someone ro he!p you wirh somerhing, especia Hy them 34
when rhey do not want ro 39 run up 5th or run 5th up if you run up a debr
rub in 5th or rub 5th in ro pur a substa nce [e.g. [e.g. bill, dcficir1, you do rhings which cause you
oinrmentl o nro rhe surface of somerhing and ro ro owe a large amounr of money 47, 48
rub ir so rhar ir goes inro rhe surface 16 save up (5th) or 5ave (5th) up ro keep money so
rub sth in informal ro ralk ro someone abour rhar you can buy somerhing wirh it in rhe furure
somerhing which you know they want ro forger 47
bccause rhey fee! bad abour ir 40 seare away sb/5th or 5eare 5b/5th away ro
rub out sth or rub 5th out to remove wriring make a person or an imal so frightened rhac rhey
from someth ing by rubbing ir wirh a piece of go away 21
rubber or wirh a clorh 42 5erape through (5th) to manage wich a lor of
rule out sb/sth or rule sb/5th out ro decide rhar difficulry ro succeed in somerhing [e.g. exa m]
samerhing or someone is nor suirable for a 43
particular purpose, oc to decide rhar something is screw up 5th or 5erew 5th up to twisr and crush
g impossible 25, 36 paper or marerial wirh your hand s 30
an run aer055 5b ro meer someone you know when 5crew up (5th) or 5crew (5th) up ¡n(ormal to
yOll are not expecting ro meet rhem 59 make a mistake, or ro damage or spoi l
run away to secretly leave a place beca use you are 50merhing 40
unhappy there 21 5erewed-up adj informal unhappy and anxious
run sth by sb informal ro repear samerhing, or to beca use of bad experie nces 40
reH someone abour somerhing, so rhar rhey can seribble down sth or seribble 5th down to
give their ap inion of ir or hear ir aga in 37 wrire somethillg very quickly on a piece of paper
run down sb/5th or run sb/sth down informal 44
ro criricise someone oc somerhing, often unfairly seroll aeros5/down/up (5th) ro move rext or
40 orher informarion across/down/up a computer
rundown adj in poor condirion or shabby 32 screen in order ro view a different pare of ir 65
run into 5th to accidenrally hir something while 5ee about 5th to deal wirh somerhing, or to
you are driving a vehicle 63 arrange for someth ing ro be done 36

see sb about/around to see someone in the setback n a problem that makes something
p[aces you usuaUy see them 18 happen later or more slowly than it should 30
see off sb or see sb off to go to rhe place rhar set off ro start a journey 62
someone is leaving from in order ro say goodbye 5et off 5th or 5et 5th off ro cause a loud noise or
15 explosion [e.g. bomb, firework, alarm J te begin
see out sb or see sb out ro go wirh someone ro or happen 25
rhe door of a room or building when rhey are set off sth or set 5th off to cause a series of
leaving 14 events or a loe of activity, often without
see through sb/sth if you see through someone intending to do th is 25
who is rrying to deceive yOll, or if yOll see through set out to start a journey 28, 62
someone's behaviour, you real ise what chey are set out te start an activity, especially when you
really Iike and whac they are trying te do 20 have already decided what you want to achieve
see sb through (5th) te he!p or support someone 4 outset n the beginning of someehing 4, 28
during a difficu!t period in their life 30 set out 5th or set 5th out te give all ehe deeails
see to sth/sb to dea! with something that needs of something, or to expla in something clearly,
doing or to help someone who needs your he!p especially in writing 44
2,30 set sb off (doing 5th) te make someone start ro
sell off 5th or sell 5th off te se!! something at a lallgh, cry, or talk abollt something that they
low price because you do not want it or beca use ofeen ealk abolle 25
you need some money 48 set up 5th or set sth up [Q start a company or
sell off sth or sell 5th off te sell all 01' part of a organisation 13, 49
business 15 set-up 11 ehe way in which ehings are organised or
sell-off n a sale of all or part of a business 48 arranged 13, 49
sell out if a shop sells out, it has no more of a settle down te seart living in a place wherc yOl!
particular product available to buy 48 intend ro sta y for a long rime, usually with the
sell-out 11 when all the tickets for an event have same partner, especially after a period in which
beeo sold 48 you have travelled a lot or changed partners 53
sel! up (5th) or sel! (5th) up to sel! your house settle for sth [Q accept someehing, ofeen
or busi ness in order to go somewhere e!se or do something that is not exactly what you want, or
something e!se 49 is not the best 53
send away for 5th ro write ro an organisation to settle up ro pay someone rhe money ehat you
ask them to send you something 21 owe them 47
send back 5th or send 5th back te returo sex up 5th or sex 5th up to make something
something te the company you bought it from more exciting than ie really is 70
beca use it is unsuitable or damaged 20 shake off 5th or shake sth off to get rid of an
send for sb to send someone a message ask ing illness or someehing that is causing you prob lems
them to come te see you 19 56
send off 5th or send 5th off to send a letter, shoot through informal, Australian to leave a
document, or paree! by post 1, 15 place suddenly and ofeen secretly, especially te
send off sb or send sb off British & Australian avo id something 69
te order a sports player to leave the playing area shoot up if the number, amou nt, or rate of
during a game beca use they have done something something shoots up, it increases very qu ickly
wrong 57 66
send up sb/sth or send sb/sth up informal to shop around to compare the price and qualiry of
make someone or something seem stupid by the same item or service from different shops or
copying them in a funny way 33 companies before deciding which one ro buy 48
set about sth/doing 5th ro start doing show sb around/round (swh) to go with
something, especially something that uses a lot of someone to a place rhat they have not visited
time or energy 28 before and show ehem the interesting parts 18
set against sth/doing sth to be opposed to doing show off to try to make people admire your
or having something 37 abilities or ac hievements in a way which other
set apart sb/sth or set sb/sth apart if a quality people find annoying 40
sets someone or something apart, it makes them show-off n someone who eries [Q make people
different from and usually better than others of admire them in a way orher people find
the same type 32 annoying 4, 40
set aside 5th or set 5th aside to use someth ing, show out sb or show sb out to lead a visitor
especially time or money, for one purpose and no who is leaving to the door of a room or bu ild ing
other purpose 47 14

show up te arrivc, especially at a place where sort out 5th or sort 5th out ro arrange or
peop le are cxpecting yo u 13 orga nise things which are unridy 14
5hut down (5th) or 5hut (5th) down if a facrory sort out 5th or sort 5th out ro ma ke a decision
Oc business shuts clown, oc if someone shuts ir abour somerhi ng by d iscussing ir wirh sorneone
clown, ir closes and srops working 17 e!se o r by conside ring ir ca refully 1, 36
5hut down (5th) or 5hut (5th) down if a faclory sort yourself out informal, British & Austro/ion
or business shuts clown, o r if someo ne shuts ir ro spend rime dealing wirh your personal
down, ir closes and srops worki ng 17 problems or organising your rhings 36
shut (sb) up to stop talking or making a noise, or spark off 5th or spark 5th off if so merhing
to make someone do chis 54 spa rks off an acriviry fe .g. fighring, violen ce] or
sign up te arrange to cake pan in an activity 43 a sra te, ir causes ir ro suddenly happen or ex isr
sink in if a facr oc idea, especially a surprising oc 25
unpleasanr cne, sinks in, yatl gradually start ro speak out ro publicly express your op inions,
bel ieve ir oc realise what effecr ir will have on especially in order ro cr iricise or oppose someone
you 16 o r sornerhing 38
sit about/around (swh) to spe nd time sitting speak up ro begin ro speak more loudly 31,50
down and doing very litrle 18 speak up ro publicly express your opinio ns abour
skimp on 5th ro nor spcll d eno ugh time oc money sornerhing or someone, especia lly in arder ro
on someth ing, oc nor use eno ugh of somethin g supporr rhem 31
48 spell out 5th or spell 5th out ro exp lai n
slave away ro wo rk very ha rd with little oc no somerhing in dera il and in a clear way 31
,r cesr 46 spin-off n a product rhar develops from anorher
sleep in ro sleep longer in rhe moroing rhan you more important producr 49
no rma ll y do 58 Spit it out! informa/ somerhing you say ro
sleep on 5th if someone slee ps on a dec ision or encourage someone ro reH yo u somerh ing which
problem, rhey wa ir unril rhe nexr day before rhey rhey do nor wanr ro re ll you 41
decide whar ro do abour ir 37 splash out informal ro spend a lor of money 011
sleep over informal ro sleep in someone clse's somerhing w hich is very pleasanr bur which you
home for a nighr 58 do nor need 48
sleepover 11 a parry ar which severa l yo ung split up if two peop le who are marri ed or who
people slee p at a friend's house for a nighr 58 have a romaneic re lationsh ip sp lir up, rhey cnd
sleep through 5th if someone slee ps rhrough a rheir marriage o r relarionship 53
no ise or an acrivi ty, rhe noise or aC[ivity does nor spread out if a group of people spread out, rhey
wake rh em 20 move away from eac h other so rhar rhere is a
slip off ro leave a place quietly so rh ar orher wide space berween rhem 14
,s people do nor norice you going 15 spread out 5th or spread 5th out ro open
slip out if a piece of inform arion slips out whilc somerhing rhar is folded le.g. map, rowel] and
you are ralking ro someo ne, yo u rell ir ro rhem pur ir dow n fiar o n a surface 42
wirhour inrending ro 35 spread out if people o r rhings are sp read ollr,
slip out ro leave a place quietly so rhar orher rhey are in di fferenr pares of a large area and are
people do nor norice you going 35 nor cl ose rogether 24
slip up infonnal ro make a misrake 5 spring from 5th ro be caused by so merhi ng 25
slow down to beco me less physica ll y acrive rhan squeeze in sth/sb or squeeze sth/sb in ro
you we re before 56 manage to do somerhing or see someone when
510w down (5b/5th) or 510w (5b/5th) down 10 yo u are very busy and do not have much rime
become slower, or ro make somerhing or available 46
someo ne slower 29 stamp out 5th or stamp 5th out ro ger rid of
510w up (5th/5b) or 510w (5th/5b) up 10 become somerhing rhar is co nsidered wrong or harmful
slowe r, or ro makc somerh ing or so meone slower JO
29 stand about/around/round ro spend rime
snap up 5th or snap 5th up ro buy o r ger sta nd ing in a place wairing for someone or doing
so merhi ng quickly because ir is very cheap or very lirrle 18
beca use ir is exactl y whar you wam 48 stand by sb ro cOl1rinue ro supporr or help
snowed in if a person or place is snowed in, rhere so meone when rhey are in a difficulr situarion 68
is so much snow rhar ir is impossible ro rrave! standby n a cheap ticket for a fli ght or
anywhere or lea ve rhar place 6 1. performance whic h is sold jusr before rhe flighr
g
snowed under informal ro have so much work or performance if rhece a re any sears avai lable
rhar you have problems dealing wirh ir 46 62
English Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 20 I

stand down British & Australiall to leave an Steady on! British & Australian somerhing rhar
important job or official position so rhat you say in order to tell someone rhar you think
someone else can do it instead 45 whar rhey are saying is too extreme 41
stand for 5th if a letter stands for a wo rd or step down ro leave your job, especially so rhat
na me, ir is the firsr leuer of rhar word or na me someone clse can do it 45
and it is used to cepcesent it 19 Step on it! informal someth ing that you say to
stand for 5th British & Australian to compete in someone, especially someone who is driving,
an election foc an official position, or to try to be when you want them to hurry 41
elected as a member of an organisation [e.g. step up 5th or step 5th up to do more of an
parliame nr] 68 activity or to increase the speed of a process,
stand in to do someone else's job for a short usually in order to improve a situation 66
peciod of rime, oc ro take so meone else's place at stick around informal to sray somewhere for a
an event, beca use rhat pecson cann ot be rhece 33 peciod of time 18
stand out ro be much berter rhan other similar stick at 5th to cOl1tinue to work hard at
rhings oc people 40 outstanding adj something even though it is difficulr oc tiring 46
extcemely good, oc of a very high standard 40 stick by sb ro conrinue ro support someone when
stand out if someone or someth ing stands out, they are having problems 68
rhey ace very noriceable beca use rhey ¡ook stick out if part of something sticks out, ir comes
differenr oc behave differently fcom other peop le out beyond the edge or surface of someth ing 32
or rhings 32 stick out if a quality or characrerisric of someone
stand round see stand about or someth ing sticks out, ir is very easy to notice
stand up sb or stand sb up to fail ro meee 32
someone on purpose, especially someone wirh stick together informal if two or more people
whom you were stacti ng to have a comanric stick together, [hey support eac h other, especially
relationship 59 when they ace in a d iffi cult situation 38
stand up for sth/sb to defend somerhi ng that you stick up for sb informal to defend a person when
believe is impocranr [e.g. principie, righr}, oc ro they are being cr iticised 38
defend a person who is being cciticised 68 stick with 5th to do or use something as you had
stand up to sb if you stand up to a powerful planned and not change to some[hing else, oc to
person or organisati on, yo u srate yo ur opi ni ons continue doing someth ing even though ir is
forcefu ll y and cefuse te agree with them or do difficulr 26
what they wa nt 68 stick with it informal [o continue doing
start off ro sracr alife, existence, oc profession in something even though ir is difficult 19
a particular way 28 stir up 5th or stir 5th up to cause argu ments or
start off to stact a joumey 62 bad fecling between people, usually on purpose
start out ro stan alife, existence, oc profession in 25
a particular way 28 stock up to buy a lot of somethi ng, often food or
5tart up (5th) or 5tart (5th) up if a business or drin k 48
othec organ isation starts up, o r if somcone srarrs stop off to visit a place for a short time when you
one up, ir is created and starts to operate 49 are go ing somewhere else 62
stay ahead to continue ro be moce advanced and stop over to stop somewhere for a period of time
successfu l rhan other peopIe 27 when you are on a long journey 62
stay away from 5th to avoid something rhat has stopover n a shon sta y in a place that you make
abad effecr on you 21 wh iIe you are on a longer journey somewhere cisc
stay behind to not lea ve a place when orher 62
people leave it 24 stressed~out adj very worricd and anx ious 70
stay in to rema in at home, especially in the stretch away if an area of land stretches away, it
even ing 24 conrinues over a long di stance 24
stay on to stay in a place longer than you plan ned sum up (sth/5b) or 5um (5th/5b) up ro describe
or aftec orher people have lefr it 24 briefly the most important facts or characteristics
stayout to not come home at night, oc to come of somethi ng oc so meone 44
home late 24 suss out sblsth or suss sb/sth out informal,
stay out of 5th to not become involved in a British & Australian ro disco ver what someone
discuss ion oc an argument 38 oc sornething is rea ll y like, o r to find o ut how a
stay over ro spend the night somewhere insread of machine or piece of equipment works 69
retuming to your horne or continu ing you r sweep up (5th) or sweep (5th) up ro remove
joumey 17 rubbish or dirt, usually from the flooc, us ing a
stay up ro go to bed larer rhan us ual 58 brush 13

swell up if a parr of your body swell s up, ir take in sth or take sth in ro look at somerhing
becomes larger or rou nder than usual, ofeen carefu ll y, noricing all rhe derails 5, 12
beca use of an ill ness or injury 56 take in sth or take sth in ro understand rhe
switch off (5th) or switch (5th) off ro tum off meaning oc imporrance of news or informarion,
an e1ecrrical device fe.g. lighr, radiol or an engine or ro undecsrand and remembe r facrs 5, 35
by using a swirch 50, 64 take in sth or take sth in if a boar rakes in
switch on (sth) or switch (sth) on ro turn on warer, warer enters rhe boar rhrough a hole 5
an elecrrical device [e.g. lighr, radio] or an engine take in sth or take sth in ro make a piece of
by using a swirch 64 c10thing narrower by removi ng the sew ing fro m
swot up (5th) or swot (5th) up informal, British rhe edges and sew ing c10ser ro rhe rniddle of rhe
& Australian ro leaen as much as yo u can abour marerial 5,16
somerhing, especially befor e an exam 43 take off sth or take 5th off ro rcrnove somerhing,
tag along ro go somewhere wirh a pe rson, especially sornerhing rhar you are wea ri ng 2
especially when rhey have Ilor asked you ro go take off sth or take sth off ro spend time away
with rhem 59 fro m yo ur work 22
tailback n a long ¡ine of rraHic rhar is moving take off if an aircraft, bird, oc in secr rakes off, it
very slowly 63 moves from the ground and begins ro fly 62
take after sb ro ha ve a simila r appearance or take-off n when an airccafr ¡ea ves rhe gro und and
characrer as an older member of yo ur fam il y 55 begins to fly 62
take apart sth or take sth apart ro sepa rare take off to sudden ly beco me successfu l or popular
somerhing into irs differenr parts 12 27
take around/round sb or take sb take off to suddenl y leave somewhe re, especially
around/round (swh) ro wal k rhrough a witho ut relli ng anyone rhar you are goi ng 12
building or ro visi r a place wirh someone, take off sth or take sth off (sth) ro subrracr a
showing rhem rhe mosr inreresring o r impo rranr particular amoun t from a tota l 12
parrs 18 take off sb/sth or take sb/sth off ro copy rhe
take aside sb or take 5b aside to se parare way a pecson behaves, or [Q copy rhe way
someone from a geoup of peaple so that yo u ca n something is donc, ofren in order to make people
speak ro them peivately 12 laugh 33
take away sth or take 5th away if you ra ke one take on sb or take sb on ro begin ro employ
numbee away feom anorher ane, you subtracr rhe someone 45
firsr number from rhe seco nd 12 take on sth or take sth on ro acce pt a particu lar
take away sth or take 5th away British & job or responsibility and begin ro do whar is
AustraJian ro buy food in a shop or resta uran t needed 45
and ear ir so mewhere else 60 take out sth or take sth out ro ger money from
takeaway n a rneal rhat you can buy and cake a bank 47
sornewhece else to eat, or a shop where yo u ca n take out sth or take sth out to arrange ro ger
buy this food 60 an official document [e.g. insurancc po licyJ from
take back sth or take 5th back ro return an organ isation o r co urr of law 12
sorneth ing ro the persa n or organisarion rha r yo u take out sth on sb or take sth out on sb ro
bo rrowed or boughr ir frol11 12 rrear someone badl y beca use you are upser o r
take back sth or take 5th back if a shop rakes angry, even rhough they have done norhing
back goods thar it has sold to you, it agrees ro wrong 40
give you money or goods for thern beca use rhey take sth out of sb ro make someonc fee! very
are damaged or unsuitable 20 ri red 12
take back 5th or take sth back to adrn it that take oyer (sth) or take (sth) oyer to sta rt
something yo u sa id was wrollg 12 doing a jo b or bein g responsib le for somerhing
take back sb or take sb back if somethillg cakes rhar someo ne else was doin g or was responsible
you back, it makes yOl! reme mber a period or an fo r before you 45
evenr in rhe pasr 23 take over sth or take 5th oyer ro get con trol of
take down sth or take sth down to wrire a company by buyi ng mosr of irs shares (= rhe
somerhing, especially something rhat someone equa l parts into whic h rhe owne rship of rhe
says 1,17 company is d ivided) 49
take in sb or take 5b in to let sorneone sray in takeover n an acr of ga ining control of a
your house 5 company 49
take in sb or take 5b in ro deceive so meo ne, or take over ro become more successful or powerful
to make so meone believe somerhi ng rhar is not rhan somerhing or so meo ne else rh ar is in volved
rrue 5, 67 in rhe sa me rype of acriviry 27

take round see take around think ahead to think carefu ll y about what might
take sb through sth ro explain somerhing ro happen in the fmure, or to make plans for rhings
someone, oc ro show someone how ro do you wa nr ro do in rhe fucur e 37
somerhing 20 think back ro rh in k about rh ings rhar happened
take to sb/sth ro seart ro like someone or in the past 23
someehing 51 think oyer 5th or think sth oyer ro rhink
take to sth/doing sth ro seart to do so merhing carefully abOlIr an idea oc plan before rnaking a
ofren 12 decision 3,37
take up sth or take 5th up to start doi ng a th ink through 5th or think 5th through ro rhink
particular job or acriviry 12 carefu ll y abour something you are plann ing to
take sb up on sth ro accepr an offer thar do and to consider the possib le results of ir
someone has made 12 3,37
taken up with 5th ro be very busy doing throw yourself into 5th ro sra rt do ing something
somerhing 12 wirh a lar of enrhusiasm and energy 21, 69
tal k 5b around/round ro persuade someone ro throw out sb or throw 5b out ro force sorneone
agree wirh yo u or ro do whar you want rhem to to leave a co ll ege, school, house oc ocganisarion
do 39 43
talk down to sb te tal k te someone as if they throw up (5th) or throw (5th) up ro vomir 56
wece less c1evec rhan yo u 54 thrown together if peop le a re rhrown rogerher
talk oyer 5th or talk sth oyer to disc uss a in a siruarion, rhar situation causes them ro meer
prob lem oc situaríon, especially before making a each orher and to get ro know each orher 34
dec ision abour ir 3,36 tidy away 5th or tidy 5th away British &
talk 5b into sth/doing sth ro persuade so meone Australian ro pur things in cupboards and
ro do something 39 drawers, erc. arrer you have been lIsing rhem 21
tal k sb out of sth/doing 5th te persuade tidy up (5th) or tidy (5th) up ro make a room or
someone not ro do something 39 a group of rhings tidy by purring rhings in the
tear apart 5th or tear 5th apart ro pul[ correcr place 5, 13
someth ing violently so rhar ir break s inro rwo or tie in with 5th if one event ti es in with anorher, it
more pieces 30 is planned so thar borh events happen ar the
tear sb apart ro make someone fee! very same time 33
unhappy 51 tie up 5th or tie 5th up ro put srring ol' rope
tear 5b away ro force someone ro stop doing around something so thar it is fasrened rogether
somerhing rhar they enjoy in order ro do 29
something e!se 21 tied up informal ro be busy so that you are
tear down 5th or tear 5th down to destroy a unab le ro see or speak ro anyone else or go
bu il ding or other strucrure beca use it is not being anyw here 46
used or ir is Ilor wamed any more 4,30 tip off sb or tip sb off ro warn someone secretly
tear up 5th or tear sth up ro rear something, abOlir somerh ing [har will happell so rhat rhey
especially paper or c1oth, inro a lor of sma ll can take acrion or prevenr it from happening 67
pieces 29 tip-off n a secret warning or piece of secret
tell sb/sth apart ro be able ro see rhe differences informarion 67
between rwo sim ilar things or people and judge tone down sth or tone 5th down ro make a
which is which 32 piece of writing, a speech, or a performance less
tell sth/5b from sth/sb if you can reH one offensive or less crirical 44
pecsan oc rhing from a si milar persol1 o r rhing, top up sb or top 5b up ro pur more drink inro
you are able ro say which of rhem is which someone's glass or cup 60
hecause yOl! can see rhe differences herween them top-up 1l more drink poured ¡nto a glass or cup 60
32 touch down when an airc rafr rouches down, ir
tell off 5b or tell sb off ro speak angrily ro lands on rhe ground 62
someone beca use rhey ha ve done something touchdown n when an aircraft lands 62
wrong 69 touch on/upon sth ro mention a subject briefly
text back sb or text sb back ro se nd a texr when speaking or wr iring abour something 44
message in reply to someone 70 track down 5b/sth or track sb/sth down to
thaw out (5th) or thaw (5th) out if frozen food fi nd someone or somerhi ng after sea rching for
rhaws Out, oc if you rhaw ir out, it is taken out of them in many differenr places 35
a freezer so rhar ir gradua ll y becomes warmer and trigger off sth or trigger 5th off to make
is Ilor írozen any more 60 somerhi ng sudden ly begin, often a difficult or
vio lenr situarion 25

try on 5th or try 5th on ro pur on a piece of upkeep 1l the cost or process of keeping something,
c10thing to find out wherher ir fics you or such as a building, in good condirion 49
wherher you like ir, especially befare buying ir use up 5th or use 5th up to finish a supply of
16 something 13
try out 5th or try 5th out to test something in veg out informal to relax and spend time doing
arder ro find out if ir works or ro decide wherher very little 70
you like ir 14 visit with sb American to spend rime talking
tucked away to be in a quiee or hidden p lace wirh someone that you know 69
which nor many people see or go ro 24 wait about/around ro stay in one place without
turn down sb/sth or turn sb/sth down ro refuse doing anything while you are wa iting for
an offef or request 31 something ro happen 18
turn in informal ro go ro bed 58 wait up to sray awake because you are expecting
turn off 5th or turn 5th off ro touch a switch so someone ro arrive 58
rhar a machine or a piece of electrical equipmellt Wait up! American somerhing you say to rell
srops working, or ro stop rhe flow or supply of someone ro stop so rhat you can talk to them or
something [e.g. water, e1ectriciry] 2, 64 go somewhere with thern 69
turn off (5th) ro ¡ea ve rhe road you are travell ing wake up (sb) or wake (sb) up ro become
on and trave! along another one 63 conscious afrer sleeping, or ro make someone do
turn-off n a place where you can ¡eave a main rhis 3, 58
road and go onto another road 63 wake up to 5th to become aware of a situarion
turn off sb or turn 5b off (5th) to make someone or problem 26
decide thar they are nor interested in something walk into 5th to get a job very easily 27
15 walk off with 5th informal to sreal somerhing, or
turn on 5th or turn 5th on to touch a switch so to take someth ing withour the owner's
·f
thar a machine or a piece of electrical equipment permission 67
starts ro work, or to start a flow or supply of walk out to leave a performance or meeting
somerbing [e.g. water, electricity] 64 before it has ended beca use you do not like it or
turn on 5b or turn 5b on to make someone beca use you are angry 33
interested in something 52 warm to 5th ro become more enthu siastic about
turn on/upon sb to attack someone or criticise an idea 51
someone very strongly 30 warm up (5th) or warm (5th) up ro prepare
tu rn out to bappen in a particular way or to bave yo urself for a physical activity by doing sorne
a particu lar result 34 gentle exercise 4, 57
turn over (5th) or turn (5th) over to rurn a warm up (sth/sb) or warm (sth/sb) up ro
page in a book so rhat the side which was facing become warmer, or to make something or
down is now facing up 3, 44 someone warmer 61
turn to 5b to ask someone for help, sympathy or warm-up n a prepararion for physical activi ry
adv ice 31 4,57
turn to 5th to start to do or take somerhing bad wash up (sth) or wash (sth) up British &
[e.g. crime, drugs, drink], usually because you Australian to clean the plates, pans and orher
are unhappy 55 things you ha ve used for cooking and eating a
turn (5th) to 5th if someone turns to a particular meal 69
subj ect, or if tbey tu rn their rhoughts or wa5h up American to clean your hands and face
attention to it, they begin to think, speak or with soap and water 69
write about it 35 Watch out! something you say ro tell someone to
turn up 5th or turn 5th up ro increase the be carefu l so that they can avoid danger or an
amount of sometbing, especially sound or heat, accidenr 41
that is produced by a machine le.g. television, watch out for sb/sth ro be carefu l ro notice
oven] 64 someone or something interesting 35
turn up if someone or someth ing turns up watch out for sth ro be careful ro norice
somewhere, rhey arrive at tbat place 1,2,5, 13 somerhing, especia lly something that might cause
turnout n the number of people who come to you problems 35
watch or take part in an event or activity 33 wear down (sth) or wear (sth) down ro make
turnover n the total amount of money made by a someone feel rired and less ab le ro dea l wirh a
company or business in a particular period of situaríon 17
rime 4,49 wear off if a feeling or the eHecr of something
type in 5th or type 5th in to pur informarion [e.g. anaesrheric, alcohol] wears off, ir gradually
into a computer using a keyboard 65 disappears 26

wear out (sth) or wear (sth) out use somerhing work out ro exercise in order to improve rhe
so much rhat ir becomes weak or damaged and sreengrh or appeaeance of youe body 57
cannot be used any more, or ro become weak work through sth or work 5th through ro deal
and damaged in rhis way 14 with a problem oc difficulty by ra lking abour ir
weigh down sb o, weigh sb down if you are in derail 36
weighed down wirh somerhing, you are carrying work towards sth ro try haed ro achi eve
too much of ir 17 something 46
weigh on/upon sb/sth if a problem o r wrap up sth or wrap 5th up tú cover somerhing
responsibiliry we ighs on yOll, ir makes you in paper, cloth, oc other material, especia ll y in
worried or unhappy 16 order ro give ir ro someone as a presenr or in
weigh up sth or weigh sth up ro rhink carefu ll y order to prorecr ir 29
abolir rhe advanrages and disadva nrages involved wrap up (sb) or wrap (sb) up ro dress in warm
in a situarion before maki ng a decision 37 clorhes, or ro dress someone in wa rm clorhes or
while away sth or while sth away ro spend rime cover rhem with marerial rhar prorecrs them
in a relaxed way beca use you are wa iring for from rhe cold 32
somethi ng or beca use you have norhing e!se to wriggle out of sth informal to avoid doing
do 22 something that orher people thjnk you shou ld
wind down (5th) or wind (5th) down if a do, ofren in a dishonest way 46
business or organisarion win ds clown, or jf write down sth or write sth down ro wr ire
someone winds it clown, rhe amOllnr of work ir somerhing on a piece of papee so thar you do not
does is gradually reduced unril ir closes forger it 17
complerely 49 write off sth o, write 5th off ro accept that an
wind down ro gradua lly relax after doing amounr of money [e.g. debt, investmenr1 has
somerhing rhar has made you fee! rired or been losr or will never be paid 47
wo rried 28 write off 5th or write 5th off ro damage a
wind up ro finally be in a particular place, sta re, or vehicle so badly that ir cannor be repaired 63
siruarion, especiall y wirhour havi ng planned ir 55 write-off n a ve hicle rhar is roo badly damaged ro
wind up doing sth te finally do somerhing, be repa ¡red 63
especially withour having planned to 55 write out 5th or write 5th out ro wrire
wind up sb o, wind sb up informal, British ro somerhi ng [e.g. re porr, lisr] on papee, often in
rell someone so mething that is not tm e in o rder order ro write ir in a berter or more complere
ro make a joke 54 way 44
work at sth/doing sth ro try hacd to achieve write out 5th or write sth out ro wrire
something or improve somerhing 46 informarion on a document [e.g. cheque,
work off sth or work sth off to get rid of an prescriprion} so rhar ir can be usecl 44
unpleasant feeling [e.g. aggression, anger] by write up 5th or o, write 5th up to write
doing so meehi ng ene rgeric 57 somethi ng on paper or on a comp urer in a
work on/upon 5th ro spend rime work ing in complete or fin al form, afeen usi ng notes you
order ro produce or repair something 46 have made 43
work out 5th or work sth out ro do a zoom in ii a camera zooms in, it sra rts ro show a
calcularíon ro get an answer to a marhematical clear and derailed picrure of somerhing, as if the
q uesrion 42 camera was moving closer ro rhar rhing 65
work out 5th or work sth out to undersrand zoom out if a camera zooms oue, ir sta res ro
somerhing or to find the answec ro somerhing by show so meon e or so merhin g in less derail, as if
rhinking abour ie 69 rhe camera was moving away fram rhar person
o r rhing 65

The Cambridge Inlernational Corpus((lC)@
is a collection of over 700 million words •
of real spoken and wrilten English. The
texts are stored in a database thal can be
searched lo see how English is used. The CIC also
indudes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a unique
colleetion of over 50,000 exam papers from Cambridge
ESOL II shows real mistakes students make and
highlighls the parts of English which cause problems
for studenls.

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English

Michael McCarthy [jJ M.T. de Alvear 1369 - Capital

Felicity O'Dell CAMBRIDGE

© Cambridge University Press 2004

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

First published 2004

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeface Sabon 10/12pt. System QuarkXPress® [00&1]

ISBN O 521 527279 paperback

Learning about phrasal verbs

English Phrasal Verbs in Use I

Work, study and finance

The world around us

Mini dictionary 183

2 English Phrasal Verbs in Use

Kristi Alcouffe, Bonelles, France

Michael McCarthy and Felicity O'Dell

Engfish Phrasa/ Verbs in Use 3

How were the phrasal verbs in the book selectedf

How is the book organisedf

4 English Phrasal Verbs in Use

What else do I need in order to work with this bookf

English Phrasal Verbs in Use 5

verb partide example meaning

B What do I need to know about phrasal verbs?

grammar pattern comment example

6 English Phrasal Verbs ;n Use

1.1 Underline the twelve phrasal verbs in these sentences.

That's not what I meant

English Phrasaf Verbs in Use 7

-- A The most common verbs

verb concrete meaning abstract mean;ng

_ _ _C Synonyms of ph rasal verbs

phrasal verb single-verb synonym

take off remove

less formal more formal

8 English Phrasal Verbs in Use

1 They just ignored my complaints; it made me very angry.

decline issue organise cancel escape

English Phrasal Verbs ;n Use 9

What do particles mean?

Jack invited me out. -< Let's go out together. )

Rosie invited me in. -< Please come in! )

JiU invited me over. -< Come to our place. )

Pa ul invited me round. Come to my' hou'Se

Mark invited me up. -< Come upstairs to my flato )

Susie invited me along. -< Come with us! )

Bill invited me back. -< Come back home with me. )

What other meanings can particles have?

Where does the particle go?

10 English Phrasol Verbs in Use

have on has, having, had

1 1 have on three important meetings tomorrow.

English Phrasal Verbs in Use 11

Rules for the use of verb + particle noun forms

Nouns made from particle + verb

phrasal verb partide + verb noun example

I2 English Phrasal Verbs ;n Use

phrasal verb verb + partide nDun

throwaway outgoing bygone getaway off-putting

English Phrasal Verbs in Use I3

Shh! I'm trying to get on with my work.

Literal and metaphorical meaning

....,¿arelully ........ m.. m.. m.m .. m.. .m:':;hilh~lsIetk~olice