Managing, Analyzing, and Interpreting Data te the rejarche bar ttle on 4 ateythoven ts, eid sample, | deed the mathods tab pad lec clei dat she should i 8 how he wl eo mange, aaj, dinette daa, She should Also pat orc pelinay eas lor rin up the aso eprventing in sme he erat. At the ronal sae this dissin can be rie ut bold preset Inkl rsa oc amas an nterptto, in alone ould provi the re- sl rade ith septa th ata wal be recorded efit and manag in ae tha low fe earl The weer shod bo reps te rode amp ow ‘be methodol data cello and ama might proce ot stadles be previous serch re exclan soues fr uch empl ‘The seco ofthe propoel on earch dag Soult nue plane or ing ata ‘na tematic manger tate apropiat forthe gee. the sting and te pr as shoving how the plans wl leat anaes. The esetcher howd Seman ‘trate ay awatenas thatthe achniqus fo cording eberatios interactions and Iutervicn wll at ote exces onthe Gow of ly eve. a sre etiation, ren lng ots mater wts cits, a rme ay ats. on he ein a he artapats. I the propos th esa had denaae any lan 0 te tape ‘eourd amery, sod other machenial deve aad! demonstrte that be wil ue@® vesican NG QUALITATIVE RESEARCH date coring step “wee pant omen. Meath reachareabeangon aa Fcc nthe of pute and stn seth the cere ngewe te stg Seda th pects taney naive dine paras | fain taming ston ar ptering at te reser psn natin Vaan he quite teen Rover rar Se ei ie tubing eaten yng eben. ad Bing nt fang ote Sch poses wi yy of wth dt tht ae ntact comple opi. TESA inane he beer fling «pron hve Rous of 2 eer be ‘reaped ero ju ete our bt aed An db you aa oe of Tho sbbetdneatin see with pie Far nop ned Deri yous eer ve need avy fata nage gs tug on edad wie coding nnd ca comps pges Inte kar hg were yur hart ar pf hor ow. Megane spot apenes Wate deen ita eb Tarn runt nent el mem nptable loe ‘ounce y sme ed yar phere wos yoo 2 Te mow Sonat pepo recs ny hae ts of predterined catgut cnn ang cht saat end ta SeTarto rena tes gate reer eanptns the ear 0 pl Stn ime he ang ag eto ath Sept cob attest ew tack ees mmr et ana evs, maeilages Soto tings mpegs ad onsale np steerer hg xn dt oa psig ste dato ee en ger wg oa pdt othe he cdg Sete for omar fled with a sage cng rome te des (0) Mos ruc texts on uate methods ron nde scars of theposues fag at Tenge qa ta nase women he cting andthe participants sensi but oy + psaipiindcton * Constant comparative mato fara + Dewioping rudd thors Template ad wing “Trough this chapter. we wil provide ecarpls that ue the varied terologes sodtecniqs The eeecher st derentat not oni knowledge fe tems Dt ‘ko appleton ofthe test hit own research questans and concepoal rare ‘wo He must babe os og auc a "Co begin my data coding. wi we he Chapter Managing Anajing and Interpreting Data QP concep vers ited on page of my propel when I observe Y kinds of bbay Jot” He must roid examples of how he wl ganeat categories the coded dat accumulate snd hese patterns He mast pek ofbow he werent ite or ase sn spats mae comparisons and tey out eure hirarcies, neo linkage ma cesand typologies data atrain and sasch fo negative Instances ha he ‘and convincing when he pes of anand, ‘The proces of bygone, ttre and interpretation toms of collected dia Ismesy, embigious time-consuming create, aa ascinting It doesnot proc i ‘ea fatto net. Aine, the searher may ellie a eccentric and rented ait not to wer tise rma Quattivedata analyse ech or a> ral staterens abou toni and undying teres; 2xplres an destibe db grounded tory (Sau & Corin 1997) Ar describe by Woe (155 asripion aii ad intepetation tne smewhat dint actvie—arofon ‘vende the eer tem ann He ote, ‘By no moses do | eaggt thet the ere etegore—desrpion nse, nd lnerpetavonare ital excise Not ar line ly dawn where dest ‘on en and analyse begins where ana beomes Intention. do sug hn eg ae singing among the tre may serve a se pow especialy the atgois canbe garded a very empha gu ive eseachers employ to onganie ad present ta (1!) ‘let (208) even ads ie daca students to write tentative table of conten fr heal eet nthe ropa! Ackoondedge that it wile sed be ‘ews ehis vice a3 oo soporting te massve chaege of moving ft prope ‘9 anahysisto weting up The design scan ofthe rear propa hood dese wie decisions aboot data analysis and shoulé convince the reader that the ‘esearch’ knowledge of qualitative anajss encampase dats organaston, theme evopment and nterpreation, a rp wing, Abou rane of thet canbe ven exheusveconsieratin i he proposal el te esearch should conic he ‘ate tht thought and awazeess hve gone ot planning the anaphase ofthe study. What flows i cision of ome considerations the research tou bing to hl secon of the propona Whether he researcher rege anys br collating dat, begie an Iyog we colt, oF colts and aalyaes ter depends onthe quaitatve grea stsunpunsof he say. he beget a teatze review 29 acon framework at points ec to prdetermind eategcist use in arai be ibe@ desioNNG QUALITATIVE RESEARCH lng quas-qualtatve proach or tet hypotheses cont Hei nateplring (9 understand. His nabs qute technica almost statistical Such feud ly tractus, a ily opin! dat-gatwrng ad datvanaig sbemes ar ‘Sen Howes, hey rade te oppo to explore ad disown. often iter out he nus wd the steps —the puta that ated to and paca would euie cnt ofthe entire researc endeavor Generating eerie of dita Coole ke denn alin 2 mat canbe an importa ausing actly for te ‘ty Thus. atelonce mas be fuck between Bcc and dag Deby (ibis acl Miler (180) opt weoninum of analy seats ee Figure ahah they noe that “ary as many atlas states ex a ya researcher (p77) Atte estreme le endf te continu are ea sci ‘nd tandadned steps in which he resarchar bas wm a obec stance elie tothe ingly ands spe the este in aden At th oer nd are ‘he"mntction strate 8 which aeyoe not efgare and which ry by yom the rear nl and interpretive apc. Wat they call "tera ‘nd elig’ ana eta and log the continuum, wih rhe trate proces oor pel and st pate than the eating processes (op. 1-18) They ben wit {template an ater cntxclader dat iin the cantante eas. St tempat strate can ben wih sets fede to appl to he data but hey ay undergo cv Sion ste sna proces Eating rte on he ther an ae ess poured inept engages th tary, who emp p20), earings ment of tet o generate ad Ute caer of meaning, This method is das) Med wih rect wri on grounded hey (Charm, 2000205 Wary. Sarge anger, 2005, tase & Crhin 1987), quate acs data aleton ad nays ply banda hand to bd a cohereeitrpretavan Te each ude by lal concepts and developing Tdestanding that be eit or mods she collect ad ales th data He al ste is oper the interpretive end of te continua an 1 Ue tecnet/objectins end. Inthe Gaal wodk—stl ver Uthl—Schatama ad Seuss (197) potny the proceso qultatve daa cole and anal: alate data re encteingl comgiex ann ee contertble ito tad reusable unit of bjs sen and bad thy ary neve abstraction, ueny of cro, in eleance octal quetons the reseazch Also they ‘yin the sous or ground fiom which they are experienced. Our inode reoarher arts ayn eye a the asearch ets For bum the option ‘eps anole he pels to aa at he ges long both toast hie oberon sags. shitng some emphas towards tose expesenes hich bese upon tbe development fis undersandng and ener to execs Conirl over hs emrging des by vray mitaneous checking oe testing of these ides. Prebably he most ondamentloperston i the nas of gu tative data Ie that of ceonenng sgcat clases of ings. persons and Chapter Managing Anan an2 treating Data ‘Continuum of Analysis Srategies Prague Everest woes aie < ————> Guasteee Tempe catry trmeow sve ye ‘SOURCE: Aap om Crate and Mls (7992, pp. 17-20) ves proper whlch characte then thi prove. hich contin es througout esac th nat gradually coma revel sd byeuse here ise and Ison th apaher ft with pl” atements (ropocions) that express the infages. and contin this process Unk i propoeitons fl into an an erericasing density of kage (op-10-t0) The eeacher should we peiminry restarch questions and te wat nes ture developed erie in the props aginst analyse This ay ground ing and planing canbe used 0 suggest sal cater by which the dats could intial be coded for siengnenarla. These ate ery generated codes ‘Aga oberon terpretton, with ated conerps and em. emeges onthe sualys, toubesome or ticompine da wi ead re calactng and sly hat verve strengthen the terpatatin,Inerpeaton aes spe majo o> Cauos bcpme ree and coneps fal nto etalshed categorie abd theme, Alas val be ue when eal stoi ae define. lationship between tem we erased, and they ae aerated int an egal inepretaton, "yielanati procefres al lto sever phases: (2) againng the dt (2) ne: ss othe data (2) generating ctor a there. (4) can he dats, 6) oleing Interpretations trough analyue meme (6) aching frat understandings. (7) weigh ep o ote format or pecetng he Stud. Each phar of ‘aly ental the owing) data eduction, 2 terms of clea data ae@ vesiomne quatsTarivE RESEARCH ‘rough manageable chunks ad (nero the eer rings etn ing ad night to the words and ceo the prtepnt in the ay. the propos stag. he roearcher hl projt wha ths pers wl etal n peminary ways. “The procera tobe lowe Uw i etre andthe penal ong schemersiadestto trend at hire pale earch Deeg compete. The epee at femans mye ip bth gatatine and untae data ana ta pray of bringing etning to ew empeiedta tat s acess ‘whether the escrcher' langage sandr deans an means oa ich descriion foray eves As deta have no inert meaning he interes at rings es go those data and apa tat vain adherence through te wen ep: AS Patton (2002) ots alate ana anfrs data ino bss No forma ests for ht arforaton Guan, yes But no ep... [Sa deta eins sq foreach ng own ly when and aed a (452) With ths cation inmind we tr ore pvr ages to de al ston of te ope Organizing the Data When begonng analysis import tha the resarcher shoul sped rome tine cuganang the ta. The researcher can ito ste car the das ta ave been ath ted, perfor the ior eng necasey toms i notes ets 384 generally lean up what ses overwheinig nd unmanageable The research hood aso lg he rypescf data accortingto the dates and tes when, the place wher and he ‘on eth whom they were ghee, Ti alle done al log revising the huge le of ats pend. A examples provided Table 8) [Nowadays reaicer often ate he dts at on ofthe several oftware po ams designed forthe management or abs of qualitative dels (Rchards & iad, 196 Tech, 1990 Wataman, 200; Wetman & Mes, 175) (Real the di taper outing hese emp fae) casionin Immersion in the Data Thee i no sett fr Slime engagetent with your data. Reenchere eho unkofdataassomebingto adept omc. and gto hte beter Reading rereading and eding hough the data once more fre the research to becom ints mate with the miei. People event and quotations sf constantly though he ‘ecard Ae Plt (202 ee, ‘Thedua gored by quale methods re vlsminausThave fod no way of preparing suds for he shee asso formation they wl ad themes Chapter 8 Managing Analog ad interpreting Data QD Lego Data Gathering Avie: 2 3205 Fort River | Fokus group Thresteachers joe, Shaleien foe Schoo! Maria, Marcella inelddiog students Ra eee oRIR) ETRE ws Sal ee eae 325/03 Amys Interview Amy’ parents Grallenges, home supports confronted with when ata caleton has ended Sting down to make ext pags of rere and whol les of ald ote can be overwelming Oring and analpnga mourn of urate ca seta ke on igs tad (9 M0) He then unercoreshow mh of quaiaune reporting consist of scrip data. the pup of wich to dla the day evant ofthe phenome unde stay. (ari atarion oa the data eben rece ceca tuoughost the each devo: In vere insta diet tans ano redeveloped dat esontng ha ppoprit, ae wih the empl trates Mie nd uberman (194) ge seve schema or reading qualtative data. Sich taciques sane dat manggenent pense reliably acros the eft of eet earchers, ad are hl ecm sede fo ge, compe studs such ae mulistecave ude (Yr 209) ning, _zophice nd sca howeter the esearcher ould guard aguas the seen ous dng Fo researchers eng on eng ot were states the paseo aa anlyss the most cif, complex. ambiguous, creative, ad fin The propos ize shou atleast provide alisieg ois themes derived om "heat eit te gonad de It leo provide odes hat wl likely emerge inthe rail ata—tha i jn vvo codes. or example Table 82 the listehome was generate ma resuch ett xpoed nw aceon could be social movement ane tit ofthe contra proleson Mest dems and coves were dened rom reading socal moves theory a etarch on eestor caer but anya thm were desved fom the eearchen ier ese ofthe ses that woul omit nef (fen such ees diplyed ina concept anew swe sowedin Chapter 4.cothe researches tothe Mal seviebip among thm nd se then tn de dt. At the sae tine hey wl be sens te exploring owing when ‘hase expeced an pbs lens dono wpa te data@® desicno uatirariveneseaact EEEIEIEY 0s from te Acti t8cator TEAS SENS ee Stal ac ts Tote heme he fom it ok at | Bs i aay ea nee ‘Adversary: confronting elites, fear of Educational backgroundfamily 1 Tey eciraenee badge | pune | Collective action, social solidarity Critical evertsicatalysts | einen nia | Wane RI | Slogans, mui, and symbols Resoutons | ces Sa | Career Publicfprivate activism | oe ei rare aerate rae Fearoi backiaeh ‘Aba moments psec ali | Coding the Data (Coding tate oma presentation of anlthinking The tough inca work analysis greratcgategore adthemes The eearcor then pie some 02 ingschemeto thes categories anc theres igen and toroughly at passe inthe data using the codes. Codes ay take several fonmsabiretons of key wore, Chapter ® Managing. Analyze and In ‘elo ts mmter—the cic sup bbe rset. The cadet come om ted 5. euding he Mara review the atul word and behav inthe st, and vein of he reer A ong prgesses. the revarche Sethe ways snwhick dade oop orcier gitar apd bebe and entments apeu co comity or some ptened sequence may wate aretha # dah ofa ‘enegng dition of ey concept wth relrence ot of taro usa eg" ‘pod ner) He yea mera tha dea a atin eho cing, that one eo particu ae (eg "vauabe qsbterin a epouse} Gaal ing Both the eating ofthe eat ad the concept! Saework for tndeation, the resuchesees hw the dts anton o net nha catet and wha ari pp snow Requenty ee aeent ais apes As analy progress be wail rch For hts, stati with aman topic and pling anything ht te perhop ae ‘nghow something ar sobelutere. eas about cde an happen i hos nine sel arjere—in rng of he computer ona dake napkin a staurant,retiog irs he and whl at beach inthe Sbowe, nd mort ‘Writing Analytic Memos J thematis and thoreteal memos. the eearcher vats his thoughts about hw the daa are coming gether in claro pate or tenes he wt 8 he da econ late The rig] etre rvew provides mal that pve one rection to his wo ering se amine may read tis wonder fy dt afl into a pater that woul be eae somewhat by sch and such they” 0" ink hee 80 emerging et of hemes tha increasing edna eles my da "Tswoghowe the scl prooer—the wansormaton’ froces,accrtng to ‘let (195) strongly encourage thereat write Wrting noes refectve memos, thought and inegts be iovlsble for generating the snael nih that ‘move the ara fom the eundane nobis tothe cel Svea ei sal tndeecore he val of wig early ad fe throughout he rewarch roe, 98 droge focused unas, For example in Smal Sele Rewari (200) eine wih ager oot on epg smallest oe wth an ont ok reearch mats but on wring Ate hat thi chap aboot “he ner of ‘wing and hiking om eB the ral a guy. ing pct ofthe resach pose (1) Pre wit and more public wnaagare ets ‘one erestinty and ph ons thinking (Knight 200 Richardson, 20, Rihardsan {5¢ lere 25) As Richardson and. Plz (2005) note Language neste Fee, exeating 2 paral view of abt and of he Sel (962) So chosing he les ewe wing brings codes 3 concep even data anaes Wit prompts ‘anasto identity eateries that subarea umber fl des thle nkage wong cole at helps dently ape and question i th gata ce aly to stay hough mare x hey een Wen pull yb pling Data QD)@ esters quaLrtarVEnestaRcHL stacons Distacioes—sute oge wang a walk ends suggesting a ov yur boor—may be usefl breaks and may evn provide tak Ura” but weg proves roctr frtheseant king the reearcher alle dong as she is prop fe ‘rudy he chess nd tg fer at ‘Authors have devel epee forms of sale wnting—analie me. Schatumaa and Straus (1973) clase suggestions on obsenatonl nates, eho’ legal ote theoretical ote, and erle memos are qe ul ss Maxwells (09%) sun ofanalticmeros The sume ins of rates, wih diferent ames, te chided memo thematic memes nd teeta meas (Rossa Rall. “By Reping nots bout what wor for na) in one's metods (eg. Th ne ‘ew respondent was dire the data are probably compet” or the ner heeraions wi ocr onthe surepacttiona! creping he earch san Seow: of design eis made othe ld By weg tematic memos be asembles thoughts about how soy eents behaviors or Senden: eens to have mess ‘nde wl ge See ap dng bck inhi nays, Wik itheoretial memos, he lay wih he way hither andthe elated iterate doo do not explain and end Toemning tos erp Paton {22 devttbe th proces efindicsv scale as “ascovrng alters. hemes and etegore in one's aan cont wah dedoctive analy where he aly categories ve spate beforehand “according oan extg ramew (p 453) The renrher May generate “indigenous yfaloges”(p 457) or ‘analyst-on structed yploges (0 458) cect the understandings expres by the pata Indigenous polit tote crete and exessed by participants ard ae gener ated through ane fhe oa eo angie Generating Categories, Themes, ‘Typologies, Matrices, and Clusters ‘Athough researchers often deve ther ow states. hs pha sBst decid ‘trough eames, The analy process ema abighened awareness ofthe dt focused stentnn to ote daa, nd an penne tthe ube tact ueccurens of soci ile ee alent hemes recing eso guage. and pater of ee ‘hat ikpeople and sng together the om nae chaleging phase of ata sabss-one thi ca aerate the ent odewvor Trough the pres question ig the data end reetng on he concep amewock, he researcher engages the tea ard the data insignia tae work. ‘Open coding a rdated to conceptual cuegres the et tp. Moving fon that et ste happens as he emer costa compares he codes of evens and ‘vin and word anvopn stars gneato tec popedsof the category (Ghase Stas 1957, p. 205, Syd could be sorted for intal coding Anext step Chapters Mangg Anaya and nepretng Data QD night be gropiag the codes axrding to conceptual caagries tht ret common alte among codes~anil coding (ng & Le. 1994 Sous & Car, 198) The nde arochusted roan points of tere, or are ‘Another dee for ana eld listerng Catering i creave workin which he renurcher ome diagrams of relatonsipe outs acording what mst ‘reaching He dang coneptal or sittionsl mappng paying Mt cnerton| Pictures ow the aa ages Wess laying beaut hau be sen a dra Ing and exprseatation, Si ca end 0 promi sketches nah or eding and tnmson suet, the sesrcher genres th eatepres hough elon? ngnament with he data th et, May of he ago wl be ‘modifi feancepts deine oma het concept framework anteater, These enters then become uclae oF baskets nto wich sents of ex are Placed. As she gers tra about the tercomnecton among Concepts si cae {tis tom he intensive reading ae reading of ar at se progese, in pue82 we provideane example oftvet ane catego atete reve fr 2 study exploring toured hat en, amily schooling creer spratons. and marge were intrconnpcad fr Bish Must gl (Bast. 2008, Wasting to ascetain how Bch Muslim gal aprons were shaped. Bet’ tertue cei brlped her devs urstions abut ident, family Ne, wariage, sca and academic spree bool and carer agian, Gradual, through meron wth he ata, she cold se expanded dimen one aegis. Ti then cou demon state the not tose this comple. 2 Ua futacessrcher practioner polars would avoid snpliicesumgtions tha could Mt opportunities for these gl The process of catguey generation inves noting patent eden inthe stg and expestd by paracpart. As calories of meaning emerge. the reearhet ‘searches fr that ave itera eonverpne and exter epence (Ga, 198) “That the categories shuld ental consent bye ditnt fom ene ano Her, he Ysecher doe not earch or he exhaustive an mit exci cate ier of th sts but. nen. Metis the ellen, grounded etegres of ‘earinghld by prtcipat inthe eng Analst-constiuced polos ate thot crested bythe researcher that ace rounded nthe data but not necesaly used exp by partipants. In thie ease, {he reszocher pple typology tthe data Ar with ll analyst, thie proces eta uncon paterns, there, and categories, bat t may wall U9 the risk of impos ings walé of meening onthe participa that better roles the observes word than the word under etady” (Paton. 2002, pp 459-46). In a rlted sate, through lopel reasoning clasifeation schemes ae eased with ove another to generat nw ists or typologies fo further exploration of the dat. Usually peered inmates format thse crov-lessifiatons suggest bole athe ale at more lag the@ vesicnnscuatamverssexcn Chapter. Managing Anan an iteretag asa QB | ‘sion in one's data, we stil like being computer free. As Vignette 21 shows, there was no. EEE 07 npc ypoigy of teacher Roles in Detling With High Schoo! Dropouts Behavior towards dropouts oe (ac Sees eseritns <> eres rshabitason | counssiortend | refer agent | 2 | Pekcsarecty | fermen e ‘Sharing fg { BS Wao cop ua | srch Gros SE marterance | WePtiem ming | te stueton and $E Tensor | trou mesycom | hope samcone ( i oot Gemeente re ee ‘ make afte punishmen | consequences l SODKCE: Poon (190, p13) Reprind by permision SOURCE: Bast (2003, p. 145, Reprinied wth permission,@ desicntc QUALITATIVE RESEARCH teen eens ips scent reser on vores scelcat in scool acralerator, Mazsbal (979) de pedir ee paces Py whindtaverscrpten.oraraoton and ands yrecombnel ina Shulconeiinn Nether wonpmesers no pega or commer dssed quate dara mans gecint ner: aude Now, thote nat tehelead averse, oe for smalls. pos Tn il be incbucive Obaepeioral nog and reiddwork rapping of sles or subs wee tef'éed on hardboklecel padsthet cul eed helaparusadon the un Floweg each en ‘iow Saeko patil lonered the eld notes of udotaped converscens sng coneepualy Iigaa pases ether conned vith prevpus Merete or suogeted polls eresang ir ‘eoralyasotprevousdata Precring tre data and earings on ge ev cambria the anseepton wh ptenary spas gay nseasd th ein of ana gral Th earch srntmgton, dane wit he Tec review, or us ata ond eri analareas in nnd, baa a use por of. éa Gols cand reared, ‘Maras doaimalysewas cued va carcepuc reaver and asco gee hieathese Busine o.ceelud ees sch as Gees {960} ele sraitheoy te cotewteve daar: ina cenfirs expired by women enters le sectypet cums, she Fegan dey grounded theory of «core oe fan that Incded erin dency ond sexual ces romped by he ‘mandecéyoanginanelerermedyfesion. Emlyn orsiorscomparanve dasa cls, she dived in he dla a pai easton ‘usin sped. women lhe pal ofsprasion sere the extusm-aetangry about the dou ‘edemands ord uetsinotaneousy tency ways others Dieacolaton, ravages aed ass wert hand ana Cea work cf wansinng data Fees anes rena nase nthoce canis sring cones dey the ueappina cela anlar Ingihecards ops eenesled ont ing more Fave cnricng ekabstac dari. Methedeageal notes anabile memos a erece notes wie used to cate ise suas thats end Jury abies olf ach wersinsincndlyss Thswastrvecansryng buttoned Marshal combine < rol vansrpion mh anys. aioded haitusyenes of treo ‘roar, er tmaved the dy onda cet) and witout treatin te early value of Gialtane reach ore doa qsu ee Viet, shoe dss the ot cond way of managing ic cunges dat Computer-Ascisted Analysis No mechani can rplac he mind cea of th esearch Sl computes can sew toe Setar programs or daa sna pally lyon abbreaaons of Chapter 8 Man me Analyzing, ae tepretigg Data QD keywords for coling For examen. dseration popes. Tucker (986) dacussed how he righ use the flowing code ar br ata TCARELS Teacher rig ne dementia rh tering TOAE.YS Tesc’scting a demenessedhroigh haoting cuestons ‘TOISRACISMO Teaches sespct as demonstrated through oe racism Were het ung stare she might hve plant tok erly clored dts {fo plc on the interview wanspts ad eld notes or he might hate Unetined pas 99% with eran enoredhghgtg pes Whatever seam te sere ts to «we he soa now tate whee ll deg hanged i merle cals othe ezrher ees th dts ew underadigs ray wl emergence tating charg inthe orga plan. Computer store can att with ail cong astern and wring analyte eros, ad itcan la lp the reer ek questions ois ode dota. Cine hemave mero, a reach deep the howg tha on ‘eoaion to econaic seas very hh i pnd’ ve of the vale ‘sponse can gue is dar poraps Gig at) ire oc 8 of te prc ‘(2th ere arene gusts ak about the ler, This ay el ones vew svennes niynthe asso eve to new data calston queens. Offering Interpretations As catepries and ees ae dpe so ding ul under way the estcher Dein a poceewheaby she ofa inepatie erettins of wht sh has ened (Ren ef os eing th soy” interpeation bigs meacing end chen the eres. pater, and categories dewopng nage i x orl that mas Senge ds ngaing to ead As Patton nus {02}, "rerraasen meee aah ane fo what was fund, making ese of the ing lng explanations, ding ‘onelsiors. trapelating eso making inference conden etnng ad athe. ie impoxng ode (p80) Part ofthis phare contre win eauaing the dca fo ther ues and ertraey. The researchers el heat wi ta 3g ment to siport the erie story tama the utston ing explced ad \ecie ow they are central tthe ary at unig aout che sel pheornenon, ‘Srey thee may come the ston of final repos, we vl how in Cpls 10 Searching for Alternative Understandings Wha ne descriptions inkrences, interpretations, an explanations ae ig bt ‘acl what the each stot find? How the proses of ata management@ ovsicc QUALITATIVE ESEARCH anv dna quit essesinent gud axis thi? Sruplous quae searchers ate tm gud fom the begining basing been exit about thee vole, ter ist. nd ‘how the erties bavesbaped thie eserch quedo This ation then guides the reserhee during hie data analy, Our saps researchers cating his tnd set ote. hela where dita were andemined bye als approach, st than forthcoming atin, and hie ities in he eld. He looks supseusly a hisown oberon eng where be mh: have ape is x bases ad inte fpreatone insta of those grea rom he acu] behaiors, interacons. words. nd sentiment fis parents. ‘the revercer develope categorie and hemes, with her uso of cing wel underway, th urerous nae memos writen hat summary hun ofthe fndngy the conta evaluating te pausbityof ber developing understanding ‘She cues serching through ee dr. She is constr ehengig he vty ‘planation and eerpretations ha she puting foreard Weave wsed ems ch ts ena xdationconant comparative nays, nd bung grounds ha That ‘eet ou eetacer dong hee. She i wring ease surunans She is comparing the ability of hemes an epanatone, heclong hem agaist he das se bas ad seeing wheter she reat cle mane o: ren a hes comparing he emer ingthemes and empnation with tore inher trate review and lotngor any aan or sorpies She in plying wh rating mazes asters and hears with de gel ofeonstrcting rei explanation tht provide signseant knowledge obec new sty She renewing her arial concept! Graenrk and guiding ypoheie wih pe cuoty abou the may i which he me dt and ay ser fend dot wth her earer premises. These rethe aces othe serous Yecesetve qhalatve esecher—ut i doing constant comparative anal and nul incton nd also eonsirng wounded eo She oie when she ex oF ar the same iter rept she senses thre ore cn be ned by farther dat election sine ther i strain of ata (Saunt & Given, 2008) Se the sts the themes typologies and ptr ete searcher inher daa for nue lene of the pater, This may kad to new dt collection Jost ase tw ead to eterent of here ssh incorporates the negate stances into expanded onecues a news We uid 1p apeakof theo saturation a meaning th ee that any ad ‘nada clon wl ony eu in re ofthe sre ings. Dey (1938 call sa trton an “urorunate metabo? (pS ageing tab we nv should peak of ‘heoretilsulicency. whereby we have cates wel deter yan iting with ‘our data Thi ecknowkdge th ct that we canner kao veyhing und hat here ie nvr on complete Th ‘she cevereherdacves categories an patter the ate shold engage Incriealychalenging th ery pls tht ser 0 aypatet He should earch os cer plane explanations these dats and the koe aong tur. Alemtve (Chapter Managing Analying and interpreting Dita. ‘splanation abvayseniet andthe researcher mast ati ang describe them and then demonstrate how the explanation thar he ors the most paul Ths recs the ‘isewsson a Chapa concerning the popes at on argent tat oles assertions sou the dts, provides substantial dence ora ets Dull algal inter relaionsip among them. analy presente a summation fkow the assertions ete ‘to preous and tare research ‘We hve dicused eae. epecly in Chapers 3nd the way to desig aqua ‘ae study so that te exibleand so chat he ty progesesto er inom the find ‘ings Over te dacs, in thr such for way to decd wheter ter reset cammlee ard cel quabatie researchers have developed eters and st. (get Some of thaw stage re rangation, member checking, pee debriefing intercoder reliably, a2 el, nd thors sulieny, angulation dusted eaiein Chaper3 ands nds babalsntothe stup of data calcio, eon St itis projected a ara tat wl ep he reeset ssser that er ata intrpeatios ae credible She wllhave way of showing nt she (heparan wows and authentic behave. In member hcg te rscatcher devin wy oak he partlgans whether 1he"pntt right” Moat fn. he gives rma before writing up is stay and aes for ‘eactions, comets ted thr insight. ‘opr deg the reacher makes arangements with Knowledgeable and ate cea og eactons be soting theese suai te uae ero verte ding dat ana. ad the ret to-nl deat Aua awl esas in more dain Chapter 9. Bly hey provide a aneparent way to sow how ata swore collected en manage’—to seat forall ets and al deni desisone made ne Gd tat anyone cul ace the pe Iurcader relay borrows terminology fom quantitative reeach. At the vesucher bap and proends though coding he deep dfntion foreach cde dak "ble ei coda spy te deftions to daa to check for constney a ‘meanege ard pplication She ao may coer nesting nuance fiero she ples ov ay iferenees between ner sang ap er lind ada woo La Ue oat chapter, we dacss moe abou tas far manag the volume dma a eas tha wl alte researeh proces ransparent ards enbane it edly ‘Numbers Are Useful ‘Yer: the quate sazacher can use uber. Fit he may wonder how fequetdly ‘eres and caterer user open i the daa he ak hime qestins aboot his emerting arly. Number seve nicl Tor se log Eaquenes and tab reveig contribution t economic is ONY ret people delinton of he ood spouse and tan be tested and phd her hes@ besicwwn QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ‘he rete dks "How olen 28 acorn ta what pattems among population ofpateante? Ths kind often ane wed na gait report aong ee read ere rezembe that this quite ren om te waye numbers sre weed in quate ive each, Thus. eon ayn chi reneaeh tpt nated thatthe spsseecononue conti Was mach mote Mel tobe reported a alle ole with locgee mariage: This patra oles interetng insights for fare rere ‘Writing the Report or Representing the Inquiry tig about quataie data Cannot be separa rom the anahe procs, emote shove nthe seeton on wing artic mars, ft. ic carlo at pees, et sn choosing words to suramare and refet the complet ofthe dts, he emachet ‘senguging inthe incerpreie act ending shape end form —tneaning to roan af ‘aw dita. Thoin Chap 10, me revs he es that the propos an argument ht rakes ene and tht wl aul lead to wring—t Boa product Many aspects of data sls proceses ee tatrtwinad with managing the tesezch proces (oh (Chapter 9) and lsd ogy ote inal proc (ee Chote 10} Tato the various pases of ta aalas rd opr ting ae woven conde tins ofthe soundoes, eure, nd ethical conus equate eee ty Sore consideration shoud be ges to the val, ufos. and soundness of the sta thoughout the design af the propor onside fle for api shuld ‘tes th sonal Boga ofthe ezarce ane a tha eg che events ad reals. what way ie rtearch, wheter pation or more object le ng the flow of daly is? Secon ofthe seting and sampling of pope and beavor vethin hat seting shuld be bar om sound esc ad ce atone shold pide those choses. Chapter 1 connie th dics of writing wh conierton| of planning for demonstrating the soundness, ranapareney. and cede the ro tedares of doses ere have Bough the researcher tough te compo, sometines odious, process bing desig and coring ta cleo forthe eet ‘Ted section ofthe propo should demonstrat tat the rscarcher compete (conduc the esearch; knowageabl about the ios, ennas, choices, nd de slonsto be madein the cond ote esac and immer he erate tha vides guidance forthe gaat methodiogy ad othe parca quis in he poral Teach design soul be ween antes evel sy Yo ous issn. th capey to erect about th tz fly an the abetaive ‘Chapter Managing Analyzing and interpreting Date. @B) ‘questions at hand and wines oleae some ambiguity ding the condat ofthe ‘Mud These qualities wi stand the researcher in good stad ove he couse of the ‘esearch, In aden howe tho researcher shoul demonstrate some knwo ‘he management ofresouces tthe design af uaiatve slay. 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