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At a minimum, it consists of a participants subsection and a design and procedure subsection. In
particular, check that information from research is smoothly integrated with your ideas. In this case,
perhaps a table or in our research paper example, where the question is what is the concentration of
cadmium in for instance, while many journals require the results and discussion sections to be
separate, others do. In the first, the participants section is followed by a design and procedure
subsection, which describes the rest of the method. Source: www2.palomar.edu What conditions are
needed for a wildfire to become uncontrollable. Make sure the type is large enough that you can
focus on only one paragraph at a time. Why? This is the most predominant, but also the hardest, part
of the introduction. But there are some typical approaches you can include in your interpretation,
including identifying patterns in data, discussing whether your findings support your thesis, and
explaining unexpected results. Research papers are not limited to a specific field. It is often better
simply to end when you have made your final point (although you should avoid ending on a
limitation). During writing process of the manuscript one of these can be selected based on the
intensity of the discussion. A brief explanatory title, with the important words capitalized, appears
above each table. For example, Mexican Americans is better than Hispanics if everyone in the group
is, in fact, Mexican American. While partly based on original research, they place the analysis in the
wider context of the literature on the topic and also explicitly consider the policy perspective. It may
also be introduced by a description of the analysis method that was used. In reporting and publishing
research in the biomedical sciences (pp. The discussion section of a research paper, such as an APA
style paper, allows the writer to make their original contribution to the literature. We know you don’t
know how to start the discussion section of a research paper, so we’ll show you the fastest way to
learn how to do it. Here we discuss the structure of research papers according to apa style. In
addition to the academic paper, you should include the detail about the unique trends which you
have analyzed. The results should be presented in a logical order and should be discussed in relation
to the research question and objectives. If your hypothesis was disproved, what might be the
reasons. For example, the term sexual orientation should be used instead of sexual preference
because people do not generally experience their orientation as a “preference,” nor is it as easily
changeable as this term suggests (Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concerns, APA, 1991). Whereas
the can only make the simplest statement about the content of your article, the Abstract allows you
to elaborate more on each major aspect of the paper. This can include putting tables and figures close
to where they are discussed so that the reader does not have to flip to the back of the manuscript to
see them. Use Checklist 12.3 on style to review your paper for other issues that affect style and tone.
Make sure each important idea is discussed and remain objective. These example papers are to help
you understanding how to write this type of written assignments. Writing a discussion section is
where you really begin to add your interpretations to the work. The current edition, however,
acknowledges that subjects can still be appropriate in referring to human participants in areas in
which it has traditionally been used (e.g., basic memory research).
I have concisely summarized the most important findings. Writing Materials and Methods sections is
a meticulous and time consuming task requiring extreme accuracy and clarity. Once writing the
discussion section is complete, you can move onto the next stage, wrapping up the paper with a
focused. Discussion (labeled, centered, bold) The goal of the discussion section is to interpret your
findings and place them in the broader context of the literature in the area. One way to do this is to
start the Discussion with one or two sentences that state the main finding from the results and what
that finding means for the field. Source: upload.wikimedia.org Research papers are not limited to a
specific field. Source: i.pinimg.com This is an introduction to writing a discussion section for a
research paper or thesis, suitable for people undertaking a masters and phd, or writing up a. Results
and discussion 2.1 frequency of recycling 2.2 reasons for not recycling 2.3 ways to improve
recycling. (PDF) Qualitative Research Strategies and Data Analysis. from i1.rgstatic.net Notice how
the moves are utilized in it. Free research paper examples we offer free examples of essays and
research papers that if you want to have an effective research paper follow these step by step guide
in research paper read pdf free research paper examples. Interpret the results numbers and figures
obtained during the process; discuss the findings and explain what they mean in a. Contextualizing
your findings within previous research and theory. You can check for consistency at the end of the
writing process. These example papers are to help you understanding how to write this type of
written assignments. Although researchers attending a professional conference are likely to discuss
their work with each other informally, there are two more formal types of presentation: oral
presentations (“talks”) and posters. No matter the subject, difficulty, academic level or document
type, our writers have the skills to complete it. In applied research, it might describe a phenomenon
or theory, then describe how that phenomenon or theory applies to some important real-world
situation, and finally suggest a way to test whether it does, in fact, apply to that situation. In
addition, we will show you where to get some good examples from and even give you a quick guide
to writing the discussion section. At a recent American Psychological Society Conference, nearly
2,000 posters were presented across 16 separate poster sessions. Source: image.slidesharecdn.com
Researchers often get confused when writing discussion and conclusion sections in their manuscript.
In many research papers, the discussion and conclusion sections usually overlap. Tells the main
conclusion of the paper in one or two sentences. What important concerns does your essay help
define or answer. Make sure your transitions suit your purpose and avoid overusing the same ones.
Your professor will award you bonus points in most cases if you manage to impress him with your
discussion. Besides, a large part of what makes a research question interesting is uncertainty about its
answer. The results section is a section containing a description about the main findings of a
research, whereas the discussion section interprets the results for readers and provides the
significance of the findings. The participants subsection indicates how many participants there were,
the number of women and men, some indication of their age, other demographics that may be
relevant to the study, and how they were recruited, including any incentives given for participation.
Only the first word of a book title is capitalized (with the exceptions noted for article titles), and the
entire title is italicized. The field experts constitute the target audience of a writer, and they possess
the background information about the chosen problem. Alternatively, the researcher can ask
ethnographic research questions via online surveys and questionnaires created with formplus. Source:
ts2.mm.bing.net A good research paper has both qualities of good studies and good writing (bordage,
2001). Source: i.pinimg.com If you left few interesting leads and open.
I have made relevant recommendations for further research or action. If two paragraphs discuss
something alike, they must approach that topic in different ways. Also, discussion provides
opportunities to compare results with research of others. 72 examples of research paper topics in 18
different study areas. A research paper is a kind of essay in which you have to explain what you have
learned after understanding and exploring your topic in depth. The reference list begins on its own
page, with the heading “References,” centered in upper and lower case. Including limitations and
negative results will give readers a complete understanding of the presented research. If you need a
top notch sample (that is also 100% original), our ENL writers can create one for you in no time. As
we have already seen, the authors are listed in an order that reflects their contribution to the research.
Among the reasons posters are so popular is that they encourage meaningful interaction among
researchers. You can provide suggestions based on the limitation of the research. Figures are
numbered the same way (“Figure 1,” “Figure 2,” and so on). Research Paper Introduction Examples
Quotes, anecdotes, questions, examples, and broad statements—all of them can used successfully to
write an introduction for a research paper. By addressing this question, you can refocus the attention
on the purpose of your paper, helping readers to reach various conclusions based on the data you
collected. Obviously, you must refer to your results when discussing them, but focus on the
interpretation of those results and their significance in relation to the research problem, not the data
itself. Outline for gay rights research paperOutline for gay rights research paper real-world problem
solving project-based solutions creative writing prompts for grade 1 define briefly how to read a
research paper. For the placement of references use of software programs detailed in other sections is
a rational approach. Discussion essays consider both sides of an argument. Because of this, they can
not follow plans drawn by other people. Writing a discussion can be a delicate balance between
summarizing your results, providing proper context for your research and avoiding introducing new
information. Use Checklist 12.3 on style to review your paper for other issues that affect style and
tone. Writing A Discussion Section Of A Research Paper writing a discussion section of a research
paperHow to Write a Research Paper: Introduction and Discussion. Another approach concerning
this issue is to accomplish manuscript writing process within a week. Make your work accessible to
all, without restrictions, and accelerate scientific discovery with options like preprints and published
peer review that make your work more Open. The results should be presented in a logical order and
should be discussed in relation to the research question and objectives. Do you just need to do more
of the same kind of work. One point to remember is that we are not writing a review article, and
only the results related to this paragraph should be discussed. Essentially, elaborating your findings
in the results section will leave you with nothing to include in the discussion section. Discussion
section of dissertations interprets research results and explains limitations of the study. Shows that
demographic and prognostic variables were evenly balanced in the process of random allocation of
subjects to experimental and control groups. Empirical research reports, in particular, have several
distinct sections that always appear in the same order.
Your interpretations will be shaped by the kind of research you conducted (qualitative approach or
quantitative approach). Another reader may be more likely to notice instances of wordiness,
confusing language, or other issues that affect style and tone. One way to do this is to begin the
literature review by summarizing your argument even before you begin to make it. “In this article, I
will describe two apparently contradictory phenomena, present a new theory that has the potential to
resolve the apparent contradiction, and finally present a novel hypothesis to test the theory.” Another
way is to open each paragraph with a sentence that summarizes the main point of the paragraph and
links it to the preceding points. Regardless of what journal you are submitting to, the discussion
section always serves the same purpose: concluding what your study results actually mean. Vertical
structure employs the deductive approach to research. Don’t jump from one idea to another without
any kind of connection. In the discussion of your research proposal, you can connect data analysis
and possible outcomes to the theory and questions that you have raised. We'd also love to have you
visit our showroom to experience what we could install in your home soon. These papers are
intended to be used for reference and research. The results and discussion section of your research
paper should include the following 5. If all the authors are the same, then they are listed
chronologically by the year of publication. Here we discuss the structure of research papers
according to apa style. The writing prowess displayed is truly captivating. The paper discusses seven
rules that allow the writer to prepare a well-structured and comprehensive manuscript for a
publication submission. Discussion This section might be called Discussion or it might be called
Summary of Findings. Below is an example of a conclusion from a published research article. For
student papers that are not being submitted for publication—including theses—author notes are
generally not necessary. Best research paper topics 2018 Presumably, you have picked a research
topic from the above categories for your paper. A third preliminary issue is the reliability of the
measures. Explain everything so that your audience understands fully what the data means.
Alternatively, the researcher can ask ethnographic research questions via online surveys and
questionnaires created with formplus. These guidelines are set down in the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association A book published by the American Psychological Association
that contains all the guidelines of APA style. The results section is a section containing a description
about the main findings of a research figures: Sometimes it is necessary to provide a preliminary
discussion in your for example, if you randomly assigned subjects into groups, are these two groups
comparable. A graduate student in California might be writing an article that will be read by a young
psychotherapist in New York City and a respected professor of psychology in Tokyo. Discussion
section of dissertations interprets research results and explains limitations of the study. Together,
your style and tone create the voice of your paper, or how you come across to readers. The
economics and politics in asia ba double degree program 2019. This doesn’t mean you need to make
jokes, of course. We want to keep things simple and provide support if your systems experience any
of these disruptions. We've put together some do's and don'ts for writing a great authoritative
discussion section.
In this section, we look at several other important ways. Discussion papers differ from standard
working papers in that they are more broadly accessible and offer a more balanced perspective. The
results and discussion are (relatively) cut and dried. Both include only the last names of the authors
and the year of publication. The approach is founded on objective knowledge, where a good methods
section of research proposal example would for instance use questions that seek yes or no answers.
Discussion This section might be called Discussion or it might be called Summary of Findings.
Writing a discussion section is where you really begin to add your interpretations to the work.
However, the discussion should not be an in-depth review of the literature, but rather a discussion of
the findings as they relate to published studies. We'll assume you accept this policy as long as you
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this module Are you excited. You can also review the guidelines for analyzing the requirements to
combine the conclusion and discussion chapter. Raw data has little meaning to most of your readers.
Which Type of Structure is Better There is no right or wrong, it just depends on your findings. Make
sure the type is large enough that you can focus on only one paragraph at a time. Essentially,
elaborating your findings in the results section will leave you with nothing to include in the
discussion section. It is very much important for you to acknowledge such limitations, as these
tactics will help you in demonstrating creditability. It should focus on explaining what you found,
relating it to anything from your literature review or research questions, and making an argument for
why this conclusion makes more sense than any other one. If you want to emphasize the generality of
a phenomenon, then of course you should discuss various studies that have demonstrated it. You can
even revise by reading sentences backward, sentence by sentence and word by word. If you can
explain how the conclusions drawn from the results are probably not affected, do so: One limitation
of our study is that our experiments have thus far been conducted only on mice; however, the results
for many studies of atherosclerosis, such as those examining the effects of cholesterol-lowering drug
therapy, that were originally performed on mice have subsequently been extended to humans. Be
keen to check a research paper results example for a better understanding of how to write the
research paper results. What are the Most Important Sections of a Research Paper. Technical terms
must be used, but they are used to improve communication, not simply to make the writing sound
more “scientific.” For example, if participants immersed their hands in a bucket of ice water, it is
better just to write this than to write that they “were subjected to a pain-inducement apparatus.” At
the same time, however, there is no better way to communicate that a between-subjects design was
used than to use the term “between-subjects design.”. The methods section of a research paper
describes the details of the research design and the procedures used to collect and analyze the data. If
there are differences, explain why they may exist. The participants subsection indicates how many
participants there were, the number of women and men, some indication of their age, other
demographics that may be relevant to the study, and how they were recruited, including any
incentives given for participation. Your overall aim is to show the reader exactly what your research
has contributed and why they should care. Finally, qualitative research could be used to explore the
experiences of students who are struggling with stress. So I also find sociology research paper
example I have various sources. How to Cite a Colleague in a Discussion Post Walden. The
discussion informs readers about the larger implications of your study based on the results.
Assignment 1 btec hnc marketing essitiosProblem solving analysis thesis writing the research paper a
handbook 7th edition literature review on global warming news etisalat business plan package
financials template for business plan term papers writing service. To test this proposition it would be
necessary to create a situation in which a realistic “emergency” could plausibly occur. At the very
least, it is important for presenters to stand by their posters, greet visitors, offer to answer questions,
and be prepared for questions and even the occasional critical comment. You would write it in
Modern Language Association (MLA) style instead. Consider different explanations of the findings
even when they don’t fit your hypothesis. This is where you would report the results of any
manipulation checks. Revision may involve deleting unnecessary material or rewriting parts of the
paper so that the out-of-place material fits in smoothly. The conclusion is the final section of the
research paper and summarizes the main findings and conclusions of the study. Make your work
accessible to all, without restrictions, and accelerate scientific discovery with options like preprints
and published peer review that make your work more Open. For example, a paper on new
breakthroughs in cancer research should be more formal than a paper on ways to get a good night’s
sleep. Source: miro.medium.com The results and discussion section of your research paper should
include the following 5. The discussion, interpretations, and explanations are not part of the section.
If the relative flexibility of the primate larynx is robust to future analyses with more clades, it would
indicate an increased capacity to explore trait space in our lineage, which may in turn explain why
primates have developed such diverse and complex uses of the vocal organ.”. You can make
recommendations about how your findings can be applied to future studies or how they can be
applied to current theories and practices. Yet, arguably the most difficult part of writing your
dissertation awaits: your discussion, the place where you sew up the various threads of your research
into a cohesive narrative. The economics and politics in asia ba double degree program 2019.
Obviously, you must refer to your results when discussing them, but focus on the interpretation of
those results and their significance in relation to the research problem, not the data itself. Prototype:
Describe the prototype or dataset, including basic enumerations. For example, the discussion of a
case report will be much shorter than that of an original article which describes six figures. Most
students don’t really know what this is, let alone write it. Hypothesis (ii) “some neck postures
attained in life require disarticulating vertebrae”, can be refuted.”. The results section is a section
containing a description about the main findings of a research, whereas the discussion section
interprets the results for readers and provides the significance of the findings. For an edited book,
the names of the editors appear with their first and middle initials followed by their last names (not
the other way around)—with the abbreviation “Eds.” (or “Ed.,” if there is only one) appearing in
parentheses immediately after the final editor’s name. Although you do not have to provide a
definitive explanation or detailed theory for your results, you at least need to outline one or more
possible explanations. Source: images.nap.edu You have to describe all your research in one
sentence. Source: i.ytimg.com You have to describe all your research in one sentence. I have cited
relevant literature to show how my results fit in. Regardless of what journal you are submitting to,
the discussion section always serves the same purpose: concluding what your study results actually
mean. The visual aids and explanations should explain the frequency and correlation of events when
various variables were tweaked and the causality of events. Overall, the sections of a research paper
are designed to present the research in a clear and concise manner, with each section serving a
specific purpose in the overall presentation of the research. You can use a research proposal example
who should use a research proposal.
The economics and politics in asia ba double degree program 2019. The experiment reported below
attempted to fulfill these conditions (p. 378). A discussion section is like the reverse of the
introduction, in that you begin with the specifics and work toward the more general (funnel out). It is
very much crucial for you to concentrate on 4 elements these are: Interpretation: The meaning of the
results The implication of the study Limitation of the study Recommendation for future research You
can include the discussion and conclusion section in one section. Source: img.17qq.com
Contextualizing your findings within previous research and theory. The heading at the top of this
page is the full title of the manuscript, with each important word capitalized as on the title page.
Discussion is a section of a research paper where scientists review the information in the introduction
part, evaluate gained results, or compare it with past for example, there two main types of research
papers, such as typical and serious works. Revised on October 13, The discussion chapter is where
you delve into the meaning, apa paper discussion section, importance and relevance of your results.
You can give some suggestions or advice for improving situations. Notice also that when there are
multiple citations in the same set of parentheses, they are organized alphabetically by the name of the
first author and separated by semicolons. As mentioned in the previous section, your goal should be
to if you were to lookup an example of discussion in research paper you will find that this approach is
standard. I am truly amazed to see the extent to which you deliver and maintain the quality standard
in your writing. Also, discussion provides opportunities to compare results with research of others. 72
examples of research paper topics in 18 different study areas. To display the research data and to
show trends or relationships, for examples using graphs or gel the discussion section. The mode was
2, which occurred twice as often as any other score. As mentioned in the previous section, your goal
should be to if you were to lookup an example of discussion in research paper you will find that this
approach is standard. Begin a discussion paper by selecting a topic that you are personally interested
in and for which you have access to enough good research that supports the topic. There is no
hierarchy between independent disciplines, so you need a structure which will highlight the relations
between facts that belong to different fields. Indeed, for most journals, this is a very brief section of
about 250 to 600 words, but it might be the most difficult section due to its importance. A research
project or thesis will take at least two semesters to complete. If there are potential confounding
variables that you were unable to control, acknowledge the effect these may have had. We've put
together some do's and don'ts for writing a great authoritative discussion section. However, the
discussion should not be an in-depth review of the literature, but rather a discussion of the findings
as they relate to published studies. Source: studentshare.org For example, the discussion of a case
report will be much shorter than that of an original article which describes six figures. Best research
paper topics 2018 Presumably, you have picked a research topic from the above categories for your
paper. The Introduction commonly expresses the topic under exploration, outlines or discusses
relevant previous research, identifies unanswered issues that the current research will address, and
provides a summary of the research that is to be described in greater detail in the parts. Some people
decide to make recommendations in the conclusion section, but it’s perfectly acceptable to include a
few sentences in the discussion that point to more work that needs to be done to address questions
that have gone unanswered. Prototype: Describe the prototype or dataset, including basic
enumerations. It is very crucial for you to clearly state the cost if specific issues are not resolved on
time. It is a phrase at the top of each page of a document that gives the reader important details.