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Log 20230929 115011
Log 20230929 115011
0
11:50:11.446: Microsoft Windows NT 6.2.9200.0
11:50:11.446: FormMain_Load
11:57:23.462: ** Please correct the 2 errors on this form.
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transport yes hello Gary well I commuted to
London for over ten years I caught the train
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every morning at 7:15 to get to work for 9 o'clock
and I wouldn't get home until about 7 o'clock in
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the evening and frankly it was a terrible period
of my life really stressful mainly because of the
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unreliability of the train service I was forever
arriving late for work one day I was travelling
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home when the train broke down and I eventually
got back at midnight of course I had to go to
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work the next day so off I went for my 7:15 train
I've been waiting over an hour when they announced
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that the train was cancelled that really was the
end for me I arranged with my employer to work
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at home and I've been working at home happily
for the last five years of course it meant a
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big salary cuts but I haven't regretted it for a
moment thanks for that Karen can you just stay on
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the line I'm hoping we've got Liam on the line
Liam you there yes I'm here Gary great and what
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point do you want to make well I just wanted to
say that my experience is similar to your last
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caller although I'm a newcomer to commuting by
public transport I've just sold my car and now
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I go to work by bus I don't a car ever since I
left college but I wanted to do my bit to cut
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down on pollution but I have to confess that I'm
regretting it already I've arrived late for work
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twice this week because the boss hasn't turned off
on time it's got so bad that I'm now thinking of
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buying a motorbike it'll cause less pollution in
a car and be more reliable and public transport
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well it sounds like you're another dissatisfied
customer Liam but we've also got Saha on the line
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and I think she's more positive sahar are you
there I am Gary good afternoon hello Saha what
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do you want to tell us well I'd like to put in
a good word for train travel I'm working at home
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when our office block is being renovated and while
I'm appreciating being able to get up later than
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usual I really miss my daily commute you get
to know the people you travel with every day
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I remember one day I dropped my purse while I was
getting off the train another person you picked it
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found my dress in it and brought it round to
my house later that evening another time I'd
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been working really hard and went to sleep and
miss my station one of the other passengers was
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getting off at the next station and she had her
car parked there she woke me up and offered me
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a lift back to my home I'd spoken to her only a
couple of times before then but now she's a really
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good friend you meet a lot of nice people and
become a part of the traveling community Thanks
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aha that's a sight of commuting we don't often
hear about now somebody else who sees the good
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side of train journeys Luka are you there Luka
yes indeed actually I'm phoning from the train
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on my way home from work and are you having a good
journey yes it's been fine but then I love trains
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I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was
young I admit that it can be frustrating at times
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there are delays and cancellations and there
are minor irritations like poor mobile phone
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reception I've been trying to phone in to your
program for the last half hour in fact but I
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catch the 705 at the station near my home every
morning and still find there's something quite
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magical about stepping onto the train and there
are clear advantages over driving apartment lack
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of stress I reckon that over the years I've
saved a huge amount of money by using public
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transport I've never really considered buying a
car you can also get a lot of work done on the
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train yesterday morning for example I'd read a
couple of reports and prepared for an important
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meeting before I even got to work literally I'm
quite lucky the train company I travel with have
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invested a lot of money recently they've bought
new trains and have really improved the service
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Garry Karen were you wanting to say something
yes I just wanted to pick up Lucas point that
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traveling by train is less stressful than driving
public transport can be stressful too when trains
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don't turn up or are delayed what's less
stressful is working at home at 8 o'clock
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I'm usually having a leisurely breakfast where
most people are in their cars or on the train
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yesterday I'd finished all my work by 2:30 so I
drove the local pool for a swim and today I've
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been working hard all day so now I've got time
to relax by listening to the radio for a while
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much better than stress of commuting you're very
lucky Karen we've got another caller on the line
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unit 2 recording 3 you must be really looking
forward to going to America when are you actually
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leaving I'm flying on the 15th of July I'm
spending a few days sightseeing in New York
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and then I arrive in Los Angeles on the 20th let's
just start on the 27th of July sounds great and
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what about accommodation well first I'm going to
stay with Daniel and Susannah some friends of my
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parents you're not staying with them the whole
time you're there are you know I'll be looking
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for my own place but I'm really pleased they'll be
around it'll be good to know I can contact them in
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case I have any problems they're meeting me at the
airport to mind you I haven't seen them for years
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they'll have forgotten what I look like and what
about the course it looks really interesting they
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sent me a reading list but of course I haven't
got around to opening any of the books yet so
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it's going to take a long time to catch up I'll
be studying really hard during the semesters so
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that I don't have to do much work in the vacations
and when does the first semester end the 7th of
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December then I'm going to San Francisco for a
week I've always wanted to see the Golden Gate
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Bridge I'm going to fly up there if it's not too
expensive do you know when you'll be back in Los
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Angeles probably mid December so you can come
anytime after that I'm so looking forward to
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it I've always wanted to go to the States I was
going to see my aunt in Seattle a couple of years
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ago but I cancelled the trip because she got ill
will you stop over anywhere on the way out maybe
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New York or Chicago I have really thought about it
but I've only got three weeks so I think I'll fly
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directly to Los Angeles fine and I'll meet you
at the airport of course by the time you come
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I'm sure I'll have got to know Ellie really well
so I'll be able to show you all the sights yes I
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suppose you will when I come to see you you'll
have been living in California for nearly six
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months hard to imagine isn't it after Los Angeles
I thought we could go down to a place called
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Huntington Beach if you bring your tent we'll
camp there for a few days the weather will still
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be quite warm even in the winter isn't it your
birthday around there that's right I'll be 21 on
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the 2nd of January well that'll be a really good
way to celebrate the best I'll need to get back to
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Los Angeles for when the second semester starts
but you'll be staying longer won't you that's
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right I don't have to be back in England until
later well why don't you go to the Grand Canyon
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it's supposed to be spectacular yeah I might
think
about that anyway as soon as I booked my
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tickets I'll let you know it will key we can sort
out the details closer to the time fine look it's
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nearly 2 o'clock if I don't go now I'm going to be
late for my next lecture I'll text you yeah see ya
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unit three recording four and now on radio nation
it's 8:30 and here's a summary of the latest news
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air passengers could be hit badly today as cabin
crews stay at home in the latest in a series of
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one-day strikes the major airlines are warning
that up to 100,000 people may experience delays
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the managing director of travel air David Wade
had this warning to the union's I'm sure I don't
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need to spell out the chaos being caused in the
airline industry as a result of these strikes and
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I would like to apologize to all our customers
however the cabin staff must accept the new
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working conditions if the airline is to compete
and the management has no choice but to stand
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firm on this issue but he didn't have to wait long
for a response a union spokesperson said I can't
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believe mr. Wade is being so confrontational we
will not be bullied by management eventually the
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airlines will have to return to the negotiating
table up to 200 teachers and pupils had to be
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evacuated from Northfield primary school in South
Wales today after a fire broke out in an adjacent
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building although firefighters were able to
bring the fire under control fairly quickly
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they couldn't prevent the fire damaging the
school's Sports Center the head teacher said
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it might be a number of months before the sports
center is back in operation although the school
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itself should be able to reopen early next week
the new borland bridge connecting the island to
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the mainland was officially opened today by the
Transport Minister however it's been an operation
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for a few weeks already and has received a mixed
reception from Islanders from Borland here's our
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reporter Anna Curtis yes the new bridge has
stirred up a lot of strong emotion on Borland
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and I'm here to gather the views of some of the
islands residents excuse me what do you think of
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the new bridge I think it will be of great benefit
to the island we used to be terribly isolated here
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because the ferry service was so bad it's only
a short distance but the crossing would take
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over an hour at least it could be a very rough
journey too many passengers would get seasick
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during the crossing excuse me I'm asking people
about the effects of the new bridge they reckon
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that tourism on the island is set to expand that's
such a good thing there are already far too many
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cars and people will also get wealthy people
from the mainland who can afford second homes
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that will push up house prices it and Islanders
won't be able to buy properties that can't be
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right surely there are to be restrictions on the
number of people moving here it's certainly true
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that the bridge is going to have a major impact
on the way of life of the people here over the
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next few years but whether that will be a positive
or a negative effect only time will tell following
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her report on the high levels of obesity among
children the government's chief health advisor
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professor Carmen Brady has said that schools have
to play a more active role in encouraging children
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to take up sports she has also criticized
parents parents needn't be very interested
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in sport themselves but they should give their
children whatever encouragement they can while
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we were gathering information for our report we
found that some parents will actually discourage
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their children from taking up a sport on the basis
that they might get distracted from their academic
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studies this negative attitude sport mustn't
be allowed to continue not if we are to get on
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top of the obesity crisis facing the country
and finally the weather well if you're in the
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south of the country you shouldn't be troubled
by any rain today it will be warm sunny and
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dry with temperatures up to 22 degrees Celsius
however in the north you are likely to see an
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occasional shower with maximum temperatures
of around 15 degrees Radio nation news
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unit three recording five exam practice listening
part one you will hear three different extracts
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for questions one two six choose the answer a B or
C which fits best according to what you hear there
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are two questions for each extract extract one
you hear two people on a radio program discussing
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music education for children research shows
that the optimum time to start music education
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is between the ages of three and four as well
as improving manual dexterity and concentration
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it seems that it may help emotional development
to and starting young on understanding musical
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notation laced down an excellent foundation for
later on the piano is the instrument that many
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parents want their children to start learning
and I think three years old is the right time to
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start starting early is vital but less demanding
instruments would be my choice things like the
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recorder or a half-size guitar personally I don't
think the piano is the best instrument to start
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with so early children have to show the mental
physical and emotional readiness to learn an
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instrument like the piano which obviously takes a
lot of effort and commitment in my experience very
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few children under six are able to take on that
kind of challenge well I think children of that
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age can learn to play simple tunes on the piano
and they soon progress to more complicated pieces
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if they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
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research shows that the optimum time to start
music education is between the ages of three
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and four as well as improving manual dexterity
and concentration it seems that it may help
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emotional development to and starting young
on understanding musical notation laced down
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an excellent foundation for later on the piano
is the instrument that many parents want their
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children to start learning and I think three
years old is the right time to start starting
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early is vital but less demanding instruments
would be my choice things like the recorder or
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a half-size guitar personally I don't think the
piano is the best instrument to start with so
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early children have to show the mental physical
and emotional readiness to learn an instrument
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like the piano which obviously takes a lot of
effort and commitment in my experience very few
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children under six are able to take on that kind
of challenge well I think children of that age
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can learn to play simple tunes on the piano when
they soon progressed to more complicated pieces if
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they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
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extract two out of an interview with a rock
climber called Ben so Ben you're well-known
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in the climbing world as a bit of a loner you
prefer climbing without other people is that
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true well to some extent I've always talked
to other climbers about the technical side
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of things training
equipment and things like
that but at the end of the day you've got to
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learn independently through trial and error
if you're climbing in a group you'll always
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compare yourself to others and that doesn't
always help you to improve it's good to admire
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other climbers but different things work best
for different people so you never climb with
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other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
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was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and haven't done
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much winter climbing so I still feel out of my
depth climbing alone on rock face is covered
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in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
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to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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so Ben you're well-known in the climbing world
as a bit of a loner you prefer climbing without
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other people is that true well to some extent
I've always talked to other climbers about the
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technical side of things training equipment
and things like that but at the end of the
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day you've got to learn independently through
trial and error if you're climbing in a group
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you'll always compare yourself to others and that
doesn't always help you to improve it's good to
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admire other climbers but different things work
best for different people so you never climb with
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other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
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was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and I haven't done
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much winter climbing so I still feel out of
my depth climbing alone on rock faces covered
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in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
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to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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extract three you hear part of an interview with
a restaurant critic called Amanda downing you're
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such a household name it must be terrifying for
staff when you go into a restaurant how do they
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react it's true that a lot of people know me at
least in the restaurant world so I always eat
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with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
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inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
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nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
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too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
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makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
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some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
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people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
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to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
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between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
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a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
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service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
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you're such a household name it must be terrifying
for staff when you go into a restaurant how do
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they react it's true that a lot of people know me
at least in the restaurant world so I always eat
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with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
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inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
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nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
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too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
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makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
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some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
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people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
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to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
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between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
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a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
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service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
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unit for recording sex so how on earth did
they manage to get in there's no sign of a
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forced entry well I suppose they could have got
in through a window up on the fourth floor but no
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one would have dared climb up the outside of
the building anybody trying to do that would
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have been seen from the street below you don't
think they would have been able to jump from
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the block across the road do you now is much
too far of course there's always a fire escape
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around the back of the building they could have
climbed up there reasonably easily but after that
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they might have been lowered by rope from the
roof if that was the case people living in the
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block of flats behind the museum might have seen
something so we need to talk to them right but
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we needn't interview everyone in the block just
the people who have windows facing the museum
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I'll arrange that if it wasn't a window the only
other possibility is that they went in through
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the front door perhaps they forced the lock but
the door didn't appear to be damaged at all and
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the entry code is supposed to be known only by
the security guard so someone else must have
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opened the door from the inside only the security
guard was allowed to stay in the museum after it
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closed do you think they somehow persuaded
him to let them in maybe they just knocked
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on the front door and he opened it they surely
wouldn't have done something as stupid as that
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do you think he might have been expecting them
and that he was part of the gang but then why
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would they have attacked him I don't know but
we better find out what we can about that guard
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as soon as possible now who was it that raised
the alarm it was the head cleaner who went into
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the building early this morning he must have to
know the entry code too yes maybe he says the
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front door was unlocked when he got here but
he claims he didn't see anything else unusual
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until he got at a fourth floor but of course he
might be lying yes he must know that he ought
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to have called the police as soon as he found
the door open I wonder why he didn't I think
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00:21:13,850 --> 00:21:18,590
we should talk to him again I suppose he could
be hiding some information from us and he might
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be prepared to tell us more if we put a bit of
pressure on him the other puzzling thing is how
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they took the paintings away apparently they're
very big so the rubbers must have had to bring
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a van around to the front of the building but the
driver must have been waiting nearby and drove up
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when they've got the paintings they could have
loaded the paintings up very quickly and might
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00:21:38,330 --> 00:21:43,730
have driven straight to a port or airport anyway
the forensic team should have finished examining
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the
building by now once they've done that I
think we should go and look around for ourselves
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unit 5 recording 7 right perhaps you could tell
me something about how you got interested in
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environmental science and what experience you have
in the subject well I've always been fascinated by
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plants and animals and then last year a friend of
mine Mike Proctor invited me to Brazil he's the
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head of a project there run by a European charity
the charity's aim is to help groups of villagers
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set up their own schools and medical centers
they also encourage sustainable agriculture
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and the setting up of businesses to sell local
handicrafts anyway it was during my stay that I
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really began to understand the impacts of climate
change I want to learn more about this and more
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generally how decision-making on environmental
issues in one part of the world can affect the
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lives of individuals elsewhere you say you began
to understand the impact of climate change could
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you give me an example of what you saw in Brazil
that influenced you yes of course we've all heard
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about the destruction of the rainforest and I
was able to see examples of that but also people
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don't realize that the climate in the region
is changing and that the speed of change is
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frightening there's been a drought there for a
number of months and river levels are low I had
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direct experience of this when I travelled with
Mike having responsibility for the whole project
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in the area means that his job involves travelling
to some pretty remote areas sometimes we had to
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go by boat to get to some of the villages and we
had to carry the boats because there wasn't enough
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water in the river and is this change affecting
the lives of local people a huge amount the main
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problem has been the effect of the drought on food
supplies the majority of people there are farmers
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and all of them have lost animals and crops the
charity's projects has been a success so far in
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the levels of income from the sale of handicrafts
have increased but of course financial success
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isn't everything it's hard to imagine a future
without farming in an area like that your trip
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to Brazil sounds like an amazing experience and
since you've been back have you done anything
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to develop your interest in the area yes read a
book about energy conservation and how this might
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slow down climate change and I was particularly
interested in how the Netherlands has begun to
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tackle the problem the government has introduced
some really interesting projects on energy saving
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in cities the use of low-energy light bulbs to
reduce the consumption of lighting energy better
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insulation for homes and things like that there's
also a massive recycling scheme which is saving an
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enormous amount of waste what's needed now though
is to expand work like this across the world mmm
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and what are your plans for the future what do you
want to do after you've left college actually I'd
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00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:49,620
like to go into politics we've got some how to
persuade governments in developed countries to
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change their priorities for example even if just
a small percentage of the money spent on the arms
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trade could go into tackling climate change I'm
sure we could make a difference and you think
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that as a politician you'd be able to do this I'd
certainly like to try before we finish have you
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00:25:08,760 --> 00:25:14,250
got any questions about the course here at the
college mm-hmm I've noticed that statistics is
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included in the course I'm a bit concerned about
that I wouldn't worry about it you'd be able
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to get by with a reasonable knowledge of maths
oh that's very reassuring I also wanted to ask
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about the field trip for second-year students
okay second-year students go to Nepal in June
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looking at the ecology of mountain environments
well that sounds like a fantastic opportunity
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00:25:40,530 --> 00:25:48,330
unit six reporting eight speaker one I took
up running a couple of years ago until then
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I did a bit of sport at school but I didn't do
much outside school at all in fact I suppose I
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didn't have many interests except playing computer
games then I went to watch my uncle in a 5k Fun
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Run it was to raise money for charity I thought
the whole event was brilliant and every one of
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there seemed to be enjoying it there was another
fun run later in the year and I signed up for a
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laugh I didn't do any proper training for it just
a bit of jogging around the park after school so I
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was really surprised when I managed to run all
the way now I run nearly every day and I get a
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lot of satisfaction out of it my friends all think
I'm crazy none of them like the thought of running
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long distances I think about all kinds of stuff
when I'm running and I know it's really good for
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my heart and lungs sure some people get running
injuries but I've been lucky I've had none so far
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speaker 2 I'd never really thought about
exercising keeping fit until a couple of
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years ago my boyfriend and I were in town late
and we had to run to catch the last bus home just
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a couple of hundred meters by the time we got to
the bus stop both of us were completely exhausted
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on the way home we started talking neither of us
did any exercise and I didn't do much with my free
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time just reading magazines and eating biscuits by
the time we got home we'd each decided to take up
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a different activity for six months and see who
could lose the most weight my boyfriend joined
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a gym and I started running in the local park
just a few hundred meters at first and gradually
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building up now I run a few kilometres each day
of course that takes up quite a lot of time and
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my boyfriend moans about that sometimes but after
I've been sitting up a computer all day I can't
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wait to go out for a run we certainly both got
a lot fitter and I've lost a lot of weight not
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all the effects are positive of course I've had a
few problems with sore knees and sprained ankles
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I suppose all exercise carries some risks but
there isn't much evidence that running causes
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major problems if you warm up carefully and have
good footwear it's one of the few sports where no
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00:27:56,570 --> 00:28:05,830
special equipments needed just a pair of running
shoes speaker3 I had three older brothers and I
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think they could all have been Olympic athletes
if they'd had the opportunity so it was quite
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natural that I would go out running with them
I think I started at about the age of ten and
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I've been running regularly all my life now that
I'm getting older I go out running every couple
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of days but if the weather's bad I might go
all week without a run I certainly go out a
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lot less during the winter well who would
want to go running on a horrible rainy day
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inevitably you get a few injuries too everyone
gets aching muscles after a long run and I used
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to get back pain occasionally but surprisingly
I seem to have fewer injuries now than when I
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was younger maybe it's because I run more slowly
actually I feel a lot healthier and I even sleep
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a little better after I've been out running but I
think the best thing for me is the social contact
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we've got a running club in our village I moved
here when I retired and before I join the club
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I had very few friends who live nearby now many
of my closest friends are the runners in the club
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next
spring were all going to Madrid to run in
a marathon for over-60s only of course we know
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that not all of us will finish but you can be sure
that every one of us will have a really good time
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my aim is to complete the course and do it in
less than six hours but I know it won't be easy
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00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:39,500
unit six recording nine exam practice listening
part two you will hear a woman called Janet Naylor
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talking about her experience as a volunteer
in Tanzania for questions 1 to 8 complete the
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00:29:46,970 --> 00:29:53,270
sentences with a word or short phrase earlier
this year I fulfilled a lifelong ambition of
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00:29:53,270 --> 00:29:59,210
mine by working for three months as a volunteer
in an African country I'm in my late 50s now and
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I don't have the commitments that have previously
held me back like bringing up small children I've
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00:30:04,850 --> 00:30:09,740
worked in marketing for much of my life and I
wanted to use the skills I have to help out in
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00:30:09,740 --> 00:30:14,990
a small way I applied to do voluntary work a
couple of years ago but it wasn't until about
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a year later that a suitable scheme came up and
I was asked to go the reaction of my friends to
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the news was very interesting the majority of
them told me how impressed they were and a lot
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said that given the opportunity they'd like to
do something similar although I must say that
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some of them were not so keen when I told them
later about how basic the conditions were but
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a few clearly disapproved of what I was doing
they argued that I was patronizing Africans by
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intervening and telling them how to run their
lives but I saw it rather differently it's
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00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:53,930
true that in an ideal world development scheme
should be set up by the communities themselves
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00:30:53,930 --> 00:30:59,840
that they're going to benefit but sometimes local
people don't yet have the necessary skills to make
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them effective and need some kind of outside
expert support such as international agencies
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00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:11,810
and that's where I came in I was an advisor to a
scheme based in a village of about 200 people in
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00:31:11,810 --> 00:31:17,930
Tanzania it involved building concrete tanks to
capture water during the wet season with the aim
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00:31:17,930 --> 00:31:23,270
of reducing the problem of drought during the
rest of the year with better irrigation would
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00:31:23,270 --> 00:31:27,920
come more reliable crops so that the villagers
wouldn't be so dependent on international aid
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the problems they were getting really serious
there had hardly been any rain in the area for
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the previous three or four years the whole region
was on the brink of starvation and handouts from
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charities were the only thing that kept people
alive the scheme had been underway for less than
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00:31:44,390 --> 00:31:50,450
a year when I arrived and my brief was to suggest
ways in which the villagers could market any Agri
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00:31:50,450 --> 00:31:54,890
cultural production that was surplus to their
own requirements any food that they didn't need
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00:31:54,890 --> 00:32:00,140
themselves I've heard now that the village is
making money from its crops by selling them in
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00:32:00,140 --> 00:32:06,110
other parts of Tanzania and even exporting some
produce and it's built a primary school and a
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00:32:06,110 --> 00:32:11,360
small Health Centre it's very gratifying to know
that the scheme has completely transformed its
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00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:15,830
prospects and the village is now well on
its way to becoming a thriving community
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now listen to part two again
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unit seven recording ten in the studio today we
have the novelist David Bharath whose most recent
333
00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:40,070
book a woman alone was published last week welcome
to the program David thanks for inviting me now
334
00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:45,230
David you came relatively late writing didn't
you well I suppose had always been a writer
335
00:32:45,230 --> 00:32:50,720
poems short stories and so on but only that close
family had read anything I'd written until I had
336
00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:55,940
my first novel published in my only Fortas and how
did you feel about that oh I felt fantastic having
337
00:32:55,940 --> 00:33:01,160
my first book published at that time you were a
primary school teacher in your native Scotland at
338
00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:06,350
what stage did you leave teaching until my third
novel was published I was happy to teach during
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the day and write in the evening at at weekends
but I found that there wasn't enough time to do
340
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:17,420
both as well as I wanted to so I left teaching and
I started writing professionally some of my close
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00:33:17,420 --> 00:33:22,940
friends thought I was mad to give up my job and I
was greatly relieved but my subsequent books sold
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00:33:22,940 --> 00:33:28,250
quite well so no regrets about leaving teaching
oh it was the most difficult decision imaginable
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I'd worked at the same school for about 15 years
and I felt bad leaving the children and also some
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very close colleagues and friends but I still
lived near the school and I go back on every
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00:33:38,690 --> 00:33:44,480
possible occasion tell us something about the
process of your writing how carefully do you
346
00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:49,820
outline the story at the very beginning before I
start writing I always know how a book is going
347
00:33:49,820 --> 00:33:55,400
to end although I rarely have a clear idea at the
beginning of how the characters will develop as I
348
00:33:55,400 --> 00:34:00,590
write gradually they grow into real people in
my own mind but sometimes even I'm surprised
349
00:34:00,590 --> 00:34:05,750
at how they turn out and what about your daily
work routine I suppose I'm fairly disciplined
350
00:34:05,750 --> 00:34:10,820
in my writing I'm generally up at about 7:00 in
the morning and I usually start work by about 8
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00:34:10,820 --> 00:34:16,370
o'clock I work upstairs we've converted our
attic into a study in the early stages of a
352
00:34:16,370 --> 00:34:21,620
new book I'll often go to the city library in the
afternoon to do some research you don't use the
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00:34:21,620 --> 00:34:27,350
internet as a rule I prefer finding information
from books and I only turned to the Internet as
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00:34:27,350 --> 00:34:32,719
a last resort let's go on now to your latest
novel a woman alone I was surprised to find
355
00:34:32,719 --> 00:34:39,199
it set in Norway yes I finished my previous book
last January had been feeling really tired and I
356
00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:45,419
was aware that I needed rest and the source of
fresh ideas I taught English in Sweden after I
357
00:34:45,420 --> 00:34:51,030
left University and I still speak Swedish quite
well but I hadn't been to Norway before there
358
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:56,130
are a lot of historical links between Norway and
the north of Scotland so I decided to spend some
359
00:34:56,130 --> 00:35:01,710
weeks there some of the geographical setting
is used in a woman alone are based on places
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00:35:01,710 --> 00:35:06,360
I've visited while I was traveling around and a
woman alone seems to be more personal than many
361
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:11,010
of your other works I'd already decided that
I wanted to write about a single-parent family
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as you may know my sister and I were brought up
by my mother on her own the mother in the story
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00:35:16,710 --> 00:35:22,320
Elsa is very protective of her children as was my
own mother but although they have certain common
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characteristics Elsa is not really modelled on
my mother Elsa is quite a dominant figure and
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a woman susceptible to periods of depression
whereas my mother was a rather gentle woman
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it all was calm and when you're researching
and writing books do you have time to read
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00:35:39,390 --> 00:35:45,630
other people's novels I do yes one novelist I
greatly admire is William Boyd you write simply
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but with great control of language I've just
finished his excellent novel Restless it's a
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00:35:50,670 --> 00:35:55,650
quite remarkable story I'll certainly add that
to my list of books to read and what about your
370
00:35:55,650 --> 00:36:01,170
present writing project what are you working on
now well I don't know if I can tell you yet I'm
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00:36:01,170 --> 00:36:06,150
still sketching out the plot so it's very much
in the early stages and know there'll be a lot
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of people waiting eagerly to get hold of it David
Barras thank you for talking to us my pleasure
2
00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:13,650
transport yes hello Gary well I commuted to
London for over ten years I caught the train
3
00:00:13,650 --> 00:00:19,260
every morning at 7:15 to get to work for 9 o'clock
and I wouldn't get home until about 7 o'clock in
4
00:00:19,260 --> 00:00:26,010
the evening and frankly it was a terrible period
of my life really stressful mainly because of the
5
00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:31,770
unreliability of the train service I was forever
arriving late for work one day I was travelling
6
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home when the train broke down and I eventually
got back at midnight of course I had to go to
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00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:43,170
work the next day so off I went for my 7:15 train
I've been waiting over an hour when they announced
8
00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:49,080
that the train was cancelled that really was the
end for me I arranged with my employer to work
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at home and I've been working at home happily
for the last five years of course it meant a
10
00:00:53,730 --> 00:00:59,250
big salary cuts but I haven't regretted it for a
moment thanks for that Karen can you just stay on
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00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:05,580
the line I'm hoping we've got Liam on the line
Liam you there yes I'm here Gary great and what
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00:01:05,580 --> 00:01:10,410
point do you want to make well I just wanted to
say that my experience is similar to your last
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caller although I'm a newcomer to commuting by
public transport I've just sold my car and now
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I go to work by bus I don't a car ever since I
left college but I wanted to do my bit to cut
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down on pollution but I have to confess that I'm
regretting it already I've arrived late for work
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twice this week because the boss hasn't turned off
on time it's got so bad that I'm now thinking of
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00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:40,200
buying a motorbike it'll cause less pollution in
a car and be more reliable and public transport
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well it sounds like you're another dissatisfied
customer Liam but we've also got Saha on the line
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and I think she's more positive sahar are you
there I am Gary good afternoon hello Saha what
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00:01:52,740 --> 00:01:57,990
do you want to tell us well I'd like to put in
a good word for train travel I'm working at home
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when our office block is being renovated and while
I'm appreciating being able to get up later than
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usual I really miss my daily commute you get
to know the people you travel with every day
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I remember one day I dropped my purse while I was
getting off the train another person you picked it
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00:02:13,910 --> 00:02:19,340
found my dress in it and brought it round to
my house later that evening another time I'd
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00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:24,530
been working really hard and went to sleep and
miss my station one of the other passengers was
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00:02:24,530 --> 00:02:29,690
getting off at the next station and she had her
car parked there she woke me up and offered me
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a lift back to my home I'd spoken to her only a
couple of times before then but now she's a really
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good friend you meet a lot of nice people and
become a part of the traveling community Thanks
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aha that's a sight of commuting we don't often
hear about now somebody else who sees the good
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side of train journeys Luka are you there Luka
yes indeed actually I'm phoning from the train
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on my way home from work and are you having a good
journey yes it's been fine but then I love trains
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I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was
young I admit that it can be frustrating at times
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there are delays and cancellations and there
are minor irritations like poor mobile phone
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00:03:09,290 --> 00:03:14,240
reception I've been trying to phone in to your
program for the last half hour in fact but I
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00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:19,370
catch the 705 at the station near my home every
morning and still find there's something quite
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00:03:19,370 --> 00:03:24,890
magical about stepping onto the train and there
are clear advantages over driving apartment lack
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00:03:24,890 --> 00:03:29,930
of stress I reckon that over the years I've
saved a huge amount of money by using public
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00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:36,560
transport I've never really considered buying a
car you can also get a lot of work done on the
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00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:41,090
train yesterday morning for example I'd read a
couple of reports and prepared for an important
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00:03:41,090 --> 00:03:46,970
meeting before I even got to work literally I'm
quite lucky the train company I travel with have
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00:03:46,970 --> 00:03:51,770
invested a lot of money recently they've bought
new trains and have really improved the service
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00:03:51,770 --> 00:03:57,770
Garry Karen were you wanting to say something
yes I just wanted to pick up Lucas point that
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00:03:57,770 --> 00:04:03,380
traveling by train is less stressful than driving
public transport can be stressful too when trains
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00:04:03,380 --> 00:04:08,960
don't turn up or are delayed what's less
stressful is working at home at 8 o'clock
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00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:13,010
I'm usually having a leisurely breakfast where
most people are in their cars or on the train
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00:04:13,010 --> 00:04:20,149
yesterday I'd finished all my work by 2:30 so I
drove the local pool for a swim and today I've
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00:04:20,149 --> 00:04:24,890
been working hard all day so now I've got time
to relax by listening to the radio for a while
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00:04:24,890 --> 00:04:30,560
much better than stress of commuting you're very
lucky Karen we've got another caller on the line
49
00:04:33,220 --> 00:04:40,030
unit 2 recording 3 you must be really looking
forward to going to America when are you actually
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00:04:40,030 --> 00:04:45,610
leaving I'm flying on the 15th of July I'm
spending a few days sightseeing in New York
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and then I arrive in Los Angeles on the 20th let's
just start on the 27th of July sounds great and
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00:04:53,050 --> 00:04:58,330
what about accommodation well first I'm going to
stay with Daniel and Susannah some friends of my
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00:04:58,330 --> 00:05:02,980
parents you're not staying with them the whole
time you're there are you know I'll be looking
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00:05:02,980 --> 00:05:08,650
for my own place but I'm really pleased they'll be
around it'll be good to know I can contact them in
55
00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:15,010
case I have any problems they're meeting me at the
airport to mind you I haven't seen them for years
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00:05:15,010 --> 00:05:21,400
they'll have forgotten what I look like and what
about the course it looks really interesting they
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00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:26,740
sent me a reading list but of course I haven't
got around to opening any of the books yet so
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00:05:26,740 --> 00:05:32,650
it's going to take a long time to catch up I'll
be studying really hard during the semesters so
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00:05:32,650 --> 00:05:38,290
that I don't have to do much work in the vacations
and when does the first semester end the 7th of
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00:05:38,290 --> 00:05:43,870
December then I'm going to San Francisco for a
week I've always wanted to see the Golden Gate
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00:05:43,870 --> 00:05:48,940
Bridge I'm going to fly up there if it's not too
expensive do you know when you'll be back in Los
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00:05:48,940 --> 00:05:55,420
Angeles probably mid December so you can come
anytime after that I'm so looking forward to
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00:05:55,420 --> 00:06:00,790
it I've always wanted to go to the States I was
going to see my aunt in Seattle a couple of years
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ago but I cancelled the trip because she got ill
will you stop over anywhere on the way out maybe
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00:06:06,910 --> 00:06:13,420
New York or Chicago I have really thought about it
but I've only got three weeks so I think I'll fly
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00:06:13,420 --> 00:06:19,360
directly to Los Angeles fine and I'll meet you
at the airport of course by the time you come
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00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:24,760
I'm sure I'll have got to know Ellie really well
so I'll be able to show you all the sights yes I
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00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:30,130
suppose you will when I come to see you you'll
have been living in California for nearly six
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00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:36,880
months hard to imagine isn't it after Los Angeles
I thought we could go down to a place called
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00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:42,700
Huntington Beach if you bring your tent we'll
camp there for a few days the weather will still
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00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:49,690
be quite warm even in the winter isn't it your
birthday around there that's right I'll be 21 on
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00:06:49,690 --> 00:06:55,780
the 2nd of January well that'll be a really good
way to celebrate the best I'll need to get back to
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00:06:55,780 --> 00:07:01,270
Los Angeles for when the second semester starts
but you'll be staying longer won't you that's
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right I don't have to be back in England until
later well why don't you go to the Grand Canyon
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00:07:07,150 --> 00:07:13,720
it's supposed to be spectacular yeah I might
think
about that anyway as soon as I booked my
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00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:20,410
tickets I'll let you know it will key we can sort
out the details closer to the time fine look it's
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00:07:20,410 --> 00:07:26,980
nearly 2 o'clock if I don't go now I'm going to be
late for my next lecture I'll text you yeah see ya
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unit three recording four and now on radio nation
it's 8:30 and here's a summary of the latest news
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00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:44,850
air passengers could be hit badly today as cabin
crews stay at home in the latest in a series of
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00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:50,640
one-day strikes the major airlines are warning
that up to 100,000 people may experience delays
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00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:57,360
the managing director of travel air David Wade
had this warning to the union's I'm sure I don't
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00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:01,650
need to spell out the chaos being caused in the
airline industry as a result of these strikes and
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00:08:01,650 --> 00:08:07,380
I would like to apologize to all our customers
however the cabin staff must accept the new
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working conditions if the airline is to compete
and the management has no choice but to stand
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firm on this issue but he didn't have to wait long
for a response a union spokesperson said I can't
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00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:24,060
believe mr. Wade is being so confrontational we
will not be bullied by management eventually the
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00:08:24,060 --> 00:08:30,180
airlines will have to return to the negotiating
table up to 200 teachers and pupils had to be
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00:08:30,180 --> 00:08:35,490
evacuated from Northfield primary school in South
Wales today after a fire broke out in an adjacent
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00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:40,260
building although firefighters were able to
bring the fire under control fairly quickly
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they couldn't prevent the fire damaging the
school's Sports Center the head teacher said
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00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,900
it might be a number of months before the sports
center is back in operation although the school
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itself should be able to reopen early next week
the new borland bridge connecting the island to
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00:08:55,020 --> 00:09:00,630
the mainland was officially opened today by the
Transport Minister however it's been an operation
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for a few weeks already and has received a mixed
reception from Islanders from Borland here's our
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00:09:05,910 --> 00:09:12,810
reporter Anna Curtis yes the new bridge has
stirred up a lot of strong emotion on Borland
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00:09:12,810 --> 00:09:19,590
and I'm here to gather the views of some of the
islands residents excuse me what do you think of
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00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:25,950
the new bridge I think it will be of great benefit
to the island we used to be terribly isolated here
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because the ferry service was so bad it's only
a short distance but the crossing would take
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00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:36,840
over an hour at least it could be a very rough
journey too many passengers would get seasick
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during the crossing excuse me I'm asking people
about the effects of the new bridge they reckon
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that tourism on the island is set to expand that's
such a good thing there are already far too many
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cars and people will also get wealthy people
from the mainland who can afford second homes
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that will push up house prices it and Islanders
won't be able to buy properties that can't be
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right surely there are to be restrictions on the
number of people moving here it's certainly true
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that the bridge is going to have a major impact
on the way of life of the people here over the
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next few years but whether that will be a positive
or a negative effect only time will tell following
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00:10:16,350 --> 00:10:21,000
her report on the high levels of obesity among
children the government's chief health advisor
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professor Carmen Brady has said that schools have
to play a more active role in encouraging children
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to take up sports she has also criticized
parents parents needn't be very interested
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in sport themselves but they should give their
children whatever encouragement they can while
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00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:43,140
we were gathering information for our report we
found that some parents will actually discourage
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their children from taking up a sport on the basis
that they might get distracted from their academic
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studies this negative attitude sport mustn't
be allowed to continue not if we are to get on
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00:10:55,470 --> 00:11:00,720
top of the obesity crisis facing the country
and finally the weather well if you're in the
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south of the country you shouldn't be troubled
by any rain today it will be warm sunny and
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dry with temperatures up to 22 degrees Celsius
however in the north you are likely to see an
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00:11:10,650 --> 00:11:15,990
occasional shower with maximum temperatures
of around 15 degrees Radio nation news
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00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:28,060
unit three recording five exam practice listening
part one you will hear three different extracts
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00:11:28,060 --> 00:11:36,640
for questions one two six choose the answer a B or
C which fits best according to what you hear there
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00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:44,320
are two questions for each extract extract one
you hear two people on a radio program discussing
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music education for children research shows
that the optimum time to start music education
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is between the ages of three and four as well
as improving manual dexterity and concentration
123
00:11:55,720 --> 00:12:01,060
it seems that it may help emotional development
to and starting young on understanding musical
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00:12:01,060 --> 00:12:06,130
notation laced down an excellent foundation for
later on the piano is the instrument that many
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parents want their children to start learning
and I think three years old is the right time to
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00:12:10,300 --> 00:12:16,120
start starting early is vital but less demanding
instruments would be my choice things like the
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00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:22,120
recorder or a half-size guitar personally I don't
think the piano is the best instrument to start
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00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:27,340
with so early children have to show the mental
physical and emotional readiness to learn an
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00:12:27,340 --> 00:12:33,910
instrument like the piano which obviously takes a
lot of effort and commitment in my experience very
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00:12:33,910 --> 00:12:39,220
few children under six are able to take on that
kind of challenge well I think children of that
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age can learn to play simple tunes on the piano
and they soon progress to more complicated pieces
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00:12:43,660 --> 00:12:48,790
if they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
134
00:13:00,350 --> 00:13:05,420
research shows that the optimum time to start
music education is between the ages of three
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00:13:05,420 --> 00:13:10,640
and four as well as improving manual dexterity
and concentration it seems that it may help
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00:13:10,640 --> 00:13:15,680
emotional development to and starting young
on understanding musical notation laced down
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00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:20,600
an excellent foundation for later on the piano
is the instrument that many parents want their
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00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:25,310
children to start learning and I think three
years old is the right time to start starting
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00:13:25,310 --> 00:13:30,620
early is vital but less demanding instruments
would be my choice things like the recorder or
140
00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:36,170
a half-size guitar personally I don't think the
piano is the best instrument to start with so
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00:13:36,170 --> 00:13:41,150
early children have to show the mental physical
and emotional readiness to learn an instrument
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like the piano which obviously takes a lot of
effort and commitment in my experience very few
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00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:52,910
children under six are able to take on that kind
of challenge well I think children of that age
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00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:57,620
can learn to play simple tunes on the piano when
they soon progressed to more complicated pieces if
145
00:13:57,620 --> 00:14:02,420
they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
146
00:14:02,420 --> 00:14:08,960
they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
147
00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:20,590
extract two out of an interview with a rock
climber called Ben so Ben you're well-known
148
00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:25,990
in the climbing world as a bit of a loner you
prefer climbing without other people is that
149
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:32,140
true well to some extent I've always talked
to other climbers about the technical side
150
00:14:32,140 --> 00:14:37,270
of things training
equipment and things like
that but at the end of the day you've got to
151
00:14:37,270 --> 00:14:42,340
learn independently through trial and error
if you're climbing in a group you'll always
152
00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:47,650
compare yourself to others and that doesn't
always help you to improve it's good to admire
153
00:14:47,650 --> 00:14:53,590
other climbers but different things work best
for different people so you never climb with
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00:14:53,590 --> 00:15:00,340
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
155
00:15:00,340 --> 00:15:04,720
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and haven't done
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00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:09,790
much winter climbing so I still feel out of my
depth climbing alone on rock face is covered
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00:15:09,790 --> 00:15:15,340
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
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00:15:15,340 --> 00:15:20,440
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:31,860
so Ben you're well-known in the climbing world
as a bit of a loner you prefer climbing without
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00:15:31,860 --> 00:15:38,790
other people is that true well to some extent
I've always talked to other climbers about the
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00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:43,710
technical side of things training equipment
and things like that but at the end of the
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00:15:43,710 --> 00:15:48,990
day you've got to learn independently through
trial and error if you're climbing in a group
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00:15:48,990 --> 00:15:54,660
you'll always compare yourself to others and that
doesn't always help you to improve it's good to
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00:15:54,660 --> 00:16:00,930
admire other climbers but different things work
best for different people so you never climb with
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00:16:00,930 --> 00:16:07,680
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
166
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:12,000
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and I haven't done
167
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:17,100
much winter climbing so I still feel out of
my depth climbing alone on rock faces covered
168
00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:22,650
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
169
00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:27,750
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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00:16:30,610 --> 00:16:38,380
extract three you hear part of an interview with
a restaurant critic called Amanda downing you're
171
00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:43,330
such a household name it must be terrifying for
staff when you go into a restaurant how do they
172
00:16:43,330 --> 00:16:49,300
react it's true that a lot of people know me at
least in the restaurant world so I always eat
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with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
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00:16:55,390 --> 00:17:01,510
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
175
00:17:01,510 --> 00:17:07,329
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
176
00:17:07,329 --> 00:17:13,659
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
177
00:17:13,660 --> 00:17:19,420
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
178
00:17:19,420 --> 00:17:24,430
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
179
00:17:24,430 --> 00:17:29,980
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
180
00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:35,170
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
181
00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:41,170
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
182
00:17:41,170 --> 00:17:46,480
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
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00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,370
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
184
00:17:56,320 --> 00:18:01,720
you're such a household name it must be terrifying
for staff when you go into a restaurant how do
185
00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:07,870
they react it's true that a lot of people know me
at least in the restaurant world so I always eat
186
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:13,990
with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
187
00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:20,110
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
188
00:18:20,110 --> 00:18:25,930
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
189
00:18:25,930 --> 00:18:32,260
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
190
00:18:32,260 --> 00:18:38,020
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
191
00:18:38,020 --> 00:18:42,670
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
192
00:18:42,670 --> 00:18:48,580
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
193
00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:53,740
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
194
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between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
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a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
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service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
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unit for recording sex so how on earth did
they manage to get in there's no sign of a
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forced entry well I suppose they could have got
in through a window up on the fourth floor but no
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one would have dared climb up the outside of
the building anybody trying to do that would
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have been seen from the street below you don't
think they would have been able to jump from
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the block across the road do you now is much
too far of course there's always a fire escape
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around the back of the building they could have
climbed up there reasonably easily but after that
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they might have been lowered by rope from the
roof if that was the case people living in the
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block of flats behind the museum might have seen
something so we need to talk to them right but
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we needn't interview everyone in the block just
the people who have windows facing the museum
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I'll arrange that if it wasn't a window the only
other possibility is that they went in through
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the front door perhaps they forced the lock but
the door didn't appear to be damaged at all and
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the entry code is supposed to be known only by
the security guard so someone else must have
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opened the door from the inside only the security
guard was allowed to stay in the museum after it
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closed do you think they somehow persuaded
him to let them in maybe they just knocked
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on the front door and he opened it they surely
wouldn't have done something as stupid as that
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do you think he might have been expecting them
and that he was part of the gang but then why
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would they have attacked him I don't know but
we better find out what we can about that guard
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as soon as possible now who was it that raised
the alarm it was the head cleaner who went into
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the building early this morning he must have to
know the entry code too yes maybe he says the
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front door was unlocked when he got here but
he claims he didn't see anything else unusual
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until he got at a fourth floor but of course he
might be lying yes he must know that he ought
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to have called the police as soon as he found
the door open I wonder why he didn't I think
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we should talk to him again I suppose he could
be hiding some information from us and he might
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be prepared to tell us more if we put a bit of
pressure on him the other puzzling thing is how
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they took the paintings away apparently they're
very big so the rubbers must have had to bring
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a van around to the front of the building but the
driver must have been waiting nearby and drove up
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when they've got the paintings they could have
loaded the paintings up very quickly and might
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have driven straight to a port or airport anyway
the forensic team should have finished examining
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the
building by now once they've done that I
think we should go and look around for ourselves
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unit 5 recording 7 right perhaps you could tell
me something about how you got interested in
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environmental science and what experience you have
in the subject well I've always been fascinated by
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plants and animals and then last year a friend of
mine Mike Proctor invited me to Brazil he's the
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head of a project there run by a European charity
the charity's aim is to help groups of villagers
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set up their own schools and medical centers
they also encourage sustainable agriculture
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and the setting up of businesses to sell local
handicrafts anyway it was during my stay that I
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really began to understand the impacts of climate
change I want to learn more about this and more
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generally how decision-making on environmental
issues in one part of the world can affect the
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lives of individuals elsewhere you say you began
to understand the impact of climate change could
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you give me an example of what you saw in Brazil
that influenced you yes of course we've all heard
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about the destruction of the rainforest and I
was able to see examples of that but also people
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don't realize that the climate in the region
is changing and that the speed of change is
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frightening there's been a drought there for a
number of months and river levels are low I had
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direct experience of this when I travelled with
Mike having responsibility for the whole project
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in the area means that his job involves travelling
to some pretty remote areas sometimes we had to
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go by boat to get to some of the villages and we
had to carry the boats because there wasn't enough
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water in the river and is this change affecting
the lives of local people a huge amount the main
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problem has been the effect of the drought on food
supplies the majority of people there are farmers
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and all of them have lost animals and crops the
charity's projects has been a success so far in
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the levels of income from the sale of handicrafts
have increased but of course financial success
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isn't everything it's hard to imagine a future
without farming in an area like that your trip
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to Brazil sounds like an amazing experience and
since you've been back have you done anything
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to develop your interest in the area yes read a
book about energy conservation and how this might
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slow down climate change and I was particularly
interested in how the Netherlands has begun to
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tackle the problem the government has introduced
some really interesting projects on energy saving
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in cities the use of low-energy light bulbs to
reduce the consumption of lighting energy better
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insulation for homes and things like that there's
also a massive recycling scheme which is saving an
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enormous amount of waste what's needed now though
is to expand work like this across the world mmm
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and what are your plans for the future what do you
want to do after you've left college actually I'd
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like to go into politics we've got some how to
persuade governments in developed countries to
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change their priorities for example even if just
a small percentage of the money spent on the arms
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trade could go into tackling climate change I'm
sure we could make a difference and you think
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that as a politician you'd be able to do this I'd
certainly like to try before we finish have you
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00:25:08,760 --> 00:25:14,250
got any questions about the course here at the
college mm-hmm I've noticed that statistics is
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included in the course I'm a bit concerned about
that I wouldn't worry about it you'd be able
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to get by with a reasonable knowledge of maths
oh that's very reassuring I also wanted to ask
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about the field trip for second-year students
okay second-year students go to Nepal in June
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looking at the ecology of mountain environments
well that sounds like a fantastic opportunity
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unit six reporting eight speaker one I took
up running a couple of years ago until then
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I did a bit of sport at school but I didn't do
much outside school at all in fact I suppose I
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didn't have many interests except playing computer
games then I went to watch my uncle in a 5k Fun
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Run it was to raise money for charity I thought
the whole event was brilliant and every one of
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there seemed to be enjoying it there was another
fun run later in the year and I signed up for a
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laugh I didn't do any proper training for it just
a bit of jogging around the park after school so I
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was really surprised when I managed to run all
the way now I run nearly every day and I get a
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lot of satisfaction out of it my friends all think
I'm crazy none of them like the thought of running
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long distances I think about all kinds of stuff
when I'm running and I know it's really good for
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my heart and lungs sure some people get running
injuries but I've been lucky I've had none so far
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speaker 2 I'd never really thought about
exercising keeping fit until a couple of
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years ago my boyfriend and I were in town late
and we had to run to catch the last bus home just
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a couple of hundred meters by the time we got to
the bus stop both of us were completely exhausted
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on the way home we started talking neither of us
did any exercise and I didn't do much with my free
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time just reading magazines and eating biscuits by
the time we got home we'd each decided to take up
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a different activity for six months and see who
could lose the most weight my boyfriend joined
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a gym and I started running in the local park
just a few hundred meters at first and gradually
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building up now I run a few kilometres each day
of course that takes up quite a lot of time and
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my boyfriend moans about that sometimes but after
I've been sitting up a computer all day I can't
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wait to go out for a run we certainly both got
a lot fitter and I've lost a lot of weight not
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all the effects are positive of course I've had a
few problems with sore knees and sprained ankles
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I suppose all exercise carries some risks but
there isn't much evidence that running causes
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major problems if you warm up carefully and have
good footwear it's one of the few sports where no
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special equipments needed just a pair of running
shoes speaker3 I had three older brothers and I
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think they could all have been Olympic athletes
if they'd had the opportunity so it was quite
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natural that I would go out running with them
I think I started at about the age of ten and
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I've been running regularly all my life now that
I'm getting older I go out running every couple
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of days but if the weather's bad I might go
all week without a run I certainly go out a
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lot less during the winter well who would
want to go running on a horrible rainy day
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inevitably you get a few injuries too everyone
gets aching muscles after a long run and I used
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to get back pain occasionally but surprisingly
I seem to have fewer injuries now than when I
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was younger maybe it's because I run more slowly
actually I feel a lot healthier and I even sleep
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a little better after I've been out running but I
think the best thing for me is the social contact
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we've got a running club in our village I moved
here when I retired and before I join the club
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I had very few friends who live nearby now many
of my closest friends are the runners in the club
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next
spring were all going to Madrid to run in
a marathon for over-60s only of course we know
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that not all of us will finish but you can be sure
that every one of us will have a really good time
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my aim is to complete the course and do it in
less than six hours but I know it won't be easy
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unit six recording nine exam practice listening
part two you will hear a woman called Janet Naylor
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talking about her experience as a volunteer
in Tanzania for questions 1 to 8 complete the
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00:29:46,970 --> 00:29:53,270
sentences with a word or short phrase earlier
this year I fulfilled a lifelong ambition of
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mine by working for three months as a volunteer
in an African country I'm in my late 50s now and
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I don't have the commitments that have previously
held me back like bringing up small children I've
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00:30:04,850 --> 00:30:09,740
worked in marketing for much of my life and I
wanted to use the skills I have to help out in
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a small way I applied to do voluntary work a
couple of years ago but it wasn't until about
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a year later that a suitable scheme came up and
I was asked to go the reaction of my friends to
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the news was very interesting the majority of
them told me how impressed they were and a lot
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said that given the opportunity they'd like to
do something similar although I must say that
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some of them were not so keen when I told them
later about how basic the conditions were but
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a few clearly disapproved of what I was doing
they argued that I was patronizing Africans by
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intervening and telling them how to run their
lives but I saw it rather differently it's
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00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:53,930
true that in an ideal world development scheme
should be set up by the communities themselves
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that they're going to benefit but sometimes local
people don't yet have the necessary skills to make
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them effective and need some kind of outside
expert support such as international agencies
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and that's where I came in I was an advisor to a
scheme based in a village of about 200 people in
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00:31:11,810 --> 00:31:17,930
Tanzania it involved building concrete tanks to
capture water during the wet season with the aim
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of reducing the problem of drought during the
rest of the year with better irrigation would
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00:31:23,270 --> 00:31:27,920
come more reliable crops so that the villagers
wouldn't be so dependent on international aid
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the problems they were getting really serious
there had hardly been any rain in the area for
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the previous three or four years the whole region
was on the brink of starvation and handouts from
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charities were the only thing that kept people
alive the scheme had been underway for less than
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00:31:44,390 --> 00:31:50,450
a year when I arrived and my brief was to suggest
ways in which the villagers could market any Agri
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00:31:50,450 --> 00:31:54,890
cultural production that was surplus to their
own requirements any food that they didn't need
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00:31:54,890 --> 00:32:00,140
themselves I've heard now that the village is
making money from its crops by selling them in
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other parts of Tanzania and even exporting some
produce and it's built a primary school and a
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00:32:06,110 --> 00:32:11,360
small Health Centre it's very gratifying to know
that the scheme has completely transformed its
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00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:15,830
prospects and the village is now well on
its way to becoming a thriving community
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now listen to part two again
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unit seven recording ten in the studio today we
have the novelist David Bharath whose most recent
333
00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:40,070
book a woman alone was published last week welcome
to the program David thanks for inviting me now
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00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:45,230
David you came relatively late writing didn't
you well I suppose had always been a writer
335
00:32:45,230 --> 00:32:50,720
poems short stories and so on but only that close
family had read anything I'd written until I had
336
00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:55,940
my first novel published in my only Fortas and how
did you feel about that oh I felt fantastic having
337
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my first book published at that time you were a
primary school teacher in your native Scotland at
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what stage did you leave teaching until my third
novel was published I was happy to teach during
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the day and write in the evening at at weekends
but I found that there wasn't enough time to do
340
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:17,420
both as well as I wanted to so I left teaching and
I started writing professionally some of my close
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00:33:17,420 --> 00:33:22,940
friends thought I was mad to give up my job and I
was greatly relieved but my subsequent books sold
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00:33:22,940 --> 00:33:28,250
quite well so no regrets about leaving teaching
oh it was the most difficult decision imaginable
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I'd worked at the same school for about 15 years
and I felt bad leaving the children and also some
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very close colleagues and friends but I still
lived near the school and I go back on every
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00:33:38,690 --> 00:33:44,480
possible occasion tell us something about the
process of your writing how carefully do you
346
00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:49,820
outline the story at the very beginning before I
start writing I always know how a book is going
347
00:33:49,820 --> 00:33:55,400
to end although I rarely have a clear idea at the
beginning of how the characters will develop as I
348
00:33:55,400 --> 00:34:00,590
write gradually they grow into real people in
my own mind but sometimes even I'm surprised
349
00:34:00,590 --> 00:34:05,750
at how they turn out and what about your daily
work routine I suppose I'm fairly disciplined
350
00:34:05,750 --> 00:34:10,820
in my writing I'm generally up at about 7:00 in
the morning and I usually start work by about 8
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00:34:10,820 --> 00:34:16,370
o'clock I work upstairs we've converted our
attic into a study in the early stages of a
352
00:34:16,370 --> 00:34:21,620
new book I'll often go to the city library in the
afternoon to do some research you don't use the
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internet as a rule I prefer finding information
from books and I only turned to the Internet as
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00:34:27,350 --> 00:34:32,719
a last resort let's go on now to your latest
novel a woman alone I was surprised to find
355
00:34:32,719 --> 00:34:39,199
it set in Norway yes I finished my previous book
last January had been feeling really tired and I
356
00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:45,419
was aware that I needed rest and the source of
fresh ideas I taught English in Sweden after I
357
00:34:45,420 --> 00:34:51,030
left University and I still speak Swedish quite
well but I hadn't been to Norway before there
358
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:56,130
are a lot of historical links between Norway and
the north of Scotland so I decided to spend some
359
00:34:56,130 --> 00:35:01,710
weeks there some of the geographical setting
is used in a woman alone are based on places
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00:35:01,710 --> 00:35:06,360
I've visited while I was traveling around and a
woman alone seems to be more personal than many
361
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:11,010
of your other works I'd already decided that
I wanted to write about a single-parent family
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as you may know my sister and I were brought up
by my mother on her own the mother in the story
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00:35:16,710 --> 00:35:22,320
Elsa is very protective of her children as was my
own mother but although they have certain common
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characteristics Elsa is not really modelled on
my mother Elsa is quite a dominant figure and
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a woman susceptible to periods of depression
whereas my mother was a rather gentle woman
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it all was calm and when you're researching
and writing books do you have time to read
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00:35:39,390 --> 00:35:45,630
other people's novels I do yes one novelist I
greatly admire is William Boyd you write simply
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but with great control of language I've just
finished his excellent novel Restless it's a
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00:35:50,670 --> 00:35:55,650
quite remarkable story I'll certainly add that
to my list of books to read and what about your
370
00:35:55,650 --> 00:36:01,170
present writing project what are you working on
now well I don't know if I can tell you yet I'm
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00:36:01,170 --> 00:36:06,150
still sketching out the plot so it's very much
in the early stages and know there'll be a lot
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of people waiting eagerly to get hold of it David
Barras thank you for talking to us my pleasure
2
00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:13,650
transport yes hello Gary well I commuted to
London for over ten years I caught the train
3
00:00:13,650 --> 00:00:19,260
every morning at 7:15 to get to work for 9 o'clock
and I wouldn't get home until about 7 o'clock in
4
00:00:19,260 --> 00:00:26,010
the evening and frankly it was a terrible period
of my life really stressful mainly because of the
5
00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:31,770
unreliability of the train service I was forever
arriving late for work one day I was travelling
6
00:00:31,770 --> 00:00:36,960
home when the train broke down and I eventually
got back at midnight of course I had to go to
7
00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:43,170
work the next day so off I went for my 7:15 train
I've been waiting over an hour when they announced
8
00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:49,080
that the train was cancelled that really was the
end for me I arranged with my employer to work
9
00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:53,730
at home and I've been working at home happily
for the last five years of course it meant a
10
00:00:53,730 --> 00:00:59,250
big salary cuts but I haven't regretted it for a
moment thanks for that Karen can you just stay on
11
00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:05,580
the line I'm hoping we've got Liam on the line
Liam you there yes I'm here Gary great and what
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point do you want to make well I just wanted to
say that my experience is similar to your last
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caller although I'm a newcomer to commuting by
public transport I've just sold my car and now
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I go to work by bus I don't a car ever since I
left college but I wanted to do my bit to cut
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00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:28,620
down on pollution but I have to confess that I'm
regretting it already I've arrived late for work
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00:01:28,620 --> 00:01:34,350
twice this week because the boss hasn't turned off
on time it's got so bad that I'm now thinking of
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00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:40,200
buying a motorbike it'll cause less pollution in
a car and be more reliable and public transport
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well it sounds like you're another dissatisfied
customer Liam but we've also got Saha on the line
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and I think she's more positive sahar are you
there I am Gary good afternoon hello Saha what
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do you want to tell us well I'd like to put in
a good word for train travel I'm working at home
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when our office block is being renovated and while
I'm appreciating being able to get up later than
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usual I really miss my daily commute you get
to know the people you travel with every day
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I remember one day I dropped my purse while I was
getting off the train another person you picked it
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found my dress in it and brought it round to
my house later that evening another time I'd
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00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:24,530
been working really hard and went to sleep and
miss my station one of the other passengers was
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getting off at the next station and she had her
car parked there she woke me up and offered me
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a lift back to my home I'd spoken to her only a
couple of times before then but now she's a really
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good friend you meet a lot of nice people and
become a part of the traveling community Thanks
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aha that's a sight of commuting we don't often
hear about now somebody else who sees the good
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side of train journeys Luka are you there Luka
yes indeed actually I'm phoning from the train
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on my way home from work and are you having a good
journey yes it's been fine but then I love trains
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I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was
young I admit that it can be frustrating at times
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there are delays and cancellations and there
are minor irritations like poor mobile phone
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reception I've been trying to phone in to your
program for the last half hour in fact but I
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00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:19,370
catch the 705 at the station near my home every
morning and still find there's something quite
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00:03:19,370 --> 00:03:24,890
magical about stepping onto the train and there
are clear advantages over driving apartment lack
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00:03:24,890 --> 00:03:29,930
of stress I reckon that over the years I've
saved a huge amount of money by using public
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transport I've never really considered buying a
car you can also get a lot of work done on the
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00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:41,090
train yesterday morning for example I'd read a
couple of reports and prepared for an important
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00:03:41,090 --> 00:03:46,970
meeting before I even got to work literally I'm
quite lucky the train company I travel with have
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00:03:46,970 --> 00:03:51,770
invested a lot of money recently they've bought
new trains and have really improved the service
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00:03:51,770 --> 00:03:57,770
Garry Karen were you wanting to say something
yes I just wanted to pick up Lucas point that
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00:03:57,770 --> 00:04:03,380
traveling by train is less stressful than driving
public transport can be stressful too when trains
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don't turn up or are delayed what's less
stressful is working at home at 8 o'clock
45
00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:13,010
I'm usually having a leisurely breakfast where
most people are in their cars or on the train
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00:04:13,010 --> 00:04:20,149
yesterday I'd finished all my work by 2:30 so I
drove the local pool for a swim and today I've
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00:04:20,149 --> 00:04:24,890
been working hard all day so now I've got time
to relax by listening to the radio for a while
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much better than stress of commuting you're very
lucky Karen we've got another caller on the line
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00:04:33,220 --> 00:04:40,030
unit 2 recording 3 you must be really looking
forward to going to America when are you actually
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00:04:40,030 --> 00:04:45,610
leaving I'm flying on the 15th of July I'm
spending a few days sightseeing in New York
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and then I arrive in Los Angeles on the 20th let's
just start on the 27th of July sounds great and
52
00:04:53,050 --> 00:04:58,330
what about accommodation well first I'm going to
stay with Daniel and Susannah some friends of my
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00:04:58,330 --> 00:05:02,980
parents you're not staying with them the whole
time you're there are you know I'll be looking
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00:05:02,980 --> 00:05:08,650
for my own place but I'm really pleased they'll be
around it'll be good to know I can contact them in
55
00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:15,010
case I have any problems they're meeting me at the
airport to mind you I haven't seen them for years
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00:05:15,010 --> 00:05:21,400
they'll have forgotten what I look like and what
about the course it looks really interesting they
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00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:26,740
sent me a reading list but of course I haven't
got around to opening any of the books yet so
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00:05:26,740 --> 00:05:32,650
it's going to take a long time to catch up I'll
be studying really hard during the semesters so
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00:05:32,650 --> 00:05:38,290
that I don't have to do much work in the vacations
and when does the first semester end the 7th of
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00:05:38,290 --> 00:05:43,870
December then I'm going to San Francisco for a
week I've always wanted to see the Golden Gate
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Bridge I'm going to fly up there if it's not too
expensive do you know when you'll be back in Los
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00:05:48,940 --> 00:05:55,420
Angeles probably mid December so you can come
anytime after that I'm so looking forward to
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it I've always wanted to go to the States I was
going to see my aunt in Seattle a couple of years
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ago but I cancelled the trip because she got ill
will you stop over anywhere on the way out maybe
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00:06:06,910 --> 00:06:13,420
New York or Chicago I have really thought about it
but I've only got three weeks so I think I'll fly
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00:06:13,420 --> 00:06:19,360
directly to Los Angeles fine and I'll meet you
at the airport of course by the time you come
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I'm sure I'll have got to know Ellie really well
so I'll be able to show you all the sights yes I
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00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:30,130
suppose you will when I come to see you you'll
have been living in California for nearly six
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00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:36,880
months hard to imagine isn't it after Los Angeles
I thought we could go down to a place called
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00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:42,700
Huntington Beach if you bring your tent we'll
camp there for a few days the weather will still
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00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:49,690
be quite warm even in the winter isn't it your
birthday around there that's right I'll be 21 on
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00:06:49,690 --> 00:06:55,780
the 2nd of January well that'll be a really good
way to celebrate the best I'll need to get back to
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00:06:55,780 --> 00:07:01,270
Los Angeles for when the second semester starts
but you'll be staying longer won't you that's
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00:07:01,270 --> 00:07:07,150
right I don't have to be back in England until
later well why don't you go to the Grand Canyon
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00:07:07,150 --> 00:07:13,720
it's supposed to be spectacular yeah I might
think
about that anyway as soon as I booked my
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00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:20,410
tickets I'll let you know it will key we can sort
out the details closer to the time fine look it's
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00:07:20,410 --> 00:07:26,980
nearly 2 o'clock if I don't go now I'm going to be
late for my next lecture I'll text you yeah see ya
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unit three recording four and now on radio nation
it's 8:30 and here's a summary of the latest news
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00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:44,850
air passengers could be hit badly today as cabin
crews stay at home in the latest in a series of
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00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:50,640
one-day strikes the major airlines are warning
that up to 100,000 people may experience delays
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00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:57,360
the managing director of travel air David Wade
had this warning to the union's I'm sure I don't
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00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:01,650
need to spell out the chaos being caused in the
airline industry as a result of these strikes and
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I would like to apologize to all our customers
however the cabin staff must accept the new
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00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:12,270
working conditions if the airline is to compete
and the management has no choice but to stand
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firm on this issue but he didn't have to wait long
for a response a union spokesperson said I can't
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00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:24,060
believe mr. Wade is being so confrontational we
will not be bullied by management eventually the
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00:08:24,060 --> 00:08:30,180
airlines will have to return to the negotiating
table up to 200 teachers and pupils had to be
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00:08:30,180 --> 00:08:35,490
evacuated from Northfield primary school in South
Wales today after a fire broke out in an adjacent
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00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:40,260
building although firefighters were able to
bring the fire under control fairly quickly
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they couldn't prevent the fire damaging the
school's Sports Center the head teacher said
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00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,900
it might be a number of months before the sports
center is back in operation although the school
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itself should be able to reopen early next week
the new borland bridge connecting the island to
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00:08:55,020 --> 00:09:00,630
the mainland was officially opened today by the
Transport Minister however it's been an operation
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for a few weeks already and has received a mixed
reception from Islanders from Borland here's our
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00:09:05,910 --> 00:09:12,810
reporter Anna Curtis yes the new bridge has
stirred up a lot of strong emotion on Borland
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00:09:12,810 --> 00:09:19,590
and I'm here to gather the views of some of the
islands residents excuse me what do you think of
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00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:25,950
the new bridge I think it will be of great benefit
to the island we used to be terribly isolated here
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because the ferry service was so bad it's only
a short distance but the crossing would take
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00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:36,840
over an hour at least it could be a very rough
journey too many passengers would get seasick
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during the crossing excuse me I'm asking people
about the effects of the new bridge they reckon
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that tourism on the island is set to expand that's
such a good thing there are already far too many
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00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:53,760
cars and people will also get wealthy people
from the mainland who can afford second homes
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that will push up house prices it and Islanders
won't be able to buy properties that can't be
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00:09:58,620 --> 00:10:03,570
right surely there are to be restrictions on the
number of people moving here it's certainly true
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that the bridge is going to have a major impact
on the way of life of the people here over the
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next few years but whether that will be a positive
or a negative effect only time will tell following
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00:10:16,350 --> 00:10:21,000
her report on the high levels of obesity among
children the government's chief health advisor
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00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:26,430
professor Carmen Brady has said that schools have
to play a more active role in encouraging children
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to take up sports she has also criticized
parents parents needn't be very interested
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in sport themselves but they should give their
children whatever encouragement they can while
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00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:43,140
we were gathering information for our report we
found that some parents will actually discourage
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00:10:43,140 --> 00:10:48,360
their children from taking up a sport on the basis
that they might get distracted from their academic
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studies this negative attitude sport mustn't
be allowed to continue not if we are to get on
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00:10:55,470 --> 00:11:00,720
top of the obesity crisis facing the country
and finally the weather well if you're in the
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south of the country you shouldn't be troubled
by any rain today it will be warm sunny and
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dry with temperatures up to 22 degrees Celsius
however in the north you are likely to see an
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00:11:10,650 --> 00:11:15,990
occasional shower with maximum temperatures
of around 15 degrees Radio nation news
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00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:28,060
unit three recording five exam practice listening
part one you will hear three different extracts
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00:11:28,060 --> 00:11:36,640
for questions one two six choose the answer a B or
C which fits best according to what you hear there
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00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:44,320
are two questions for each extract extract one
you hear two people on a radio program discussing
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00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:50,380
music education for children research shows
that the optimum time to start music education
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is between the ages of three and four as well
as improving manual dexterity and concentration
123
00:11:55,720 --> 00:12:01,060
it seems that it may help emotional development
to and starting young on understanding musical
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00:12:01,060 --> 00:12:06,130
notation laced down an excellent foundation for
later on the piano is the instrument that many
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parents want their children to start learning
and I think three years old is the right time to
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00:12:10,300 --> 00:12:16,120
start starting early is vital but less demanding
instruments would be my choice things like the
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00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:22,120
recorder or a half-size guitar personally I don't
think the piano is the best instrument to start
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00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:27,340
with so early children have to show the mental
physical and emotional readiness to learn an
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00:12:27,340 --> 00:12:33,910
instrument like the piano which obviously takes a
lot of effort and commitment in my experience very
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00:12:33,910 --> 00:12:39,220
few children under six are able to take on that
kind of challenge well I think children of that
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age can learn to play simple tunes on the piano
and they soon progress to more complicated pieces
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00:12:43,660 --> 00:12:48,790
if they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
134
00:13:00,350 --> 00:13:05,420
research shows that the optimum time to start
music education is between the ages of three
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00:13:05,420 --> 00:13:10,640
and four as well as improving manual dexterity
and concentration it seems that it may help
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00:13:10,640 --> 00:13:15,680
emotional development to and starting young
on understanding musical notation laced down
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00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:20,600
an excellent foundation for later on the piano
is the instrument that many parents want their
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00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:25,310
children to start learning and I think three
years old is the right time to start starting
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00:13:25,310 --> 00:13:30,620
early is vital but less demanding instruments
would be my choice things like the recorder or
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00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:36,170
a half-size guitar personally I don't think the
piano is the best instrument to start with so
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00:13:36,170 --> 00:13:41,150
early children have to show the mental physical
and emotional readiness to learn an instrument
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00:13:41,150 --> 00:13:47,720
like the piano which obviously takes a lot of
effort and commitment in my experience very few
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00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:52,910
children under six are able to take on that kind
of challenge well I think children of that age
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00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:57,620
can learn to play simple tunes on the piano when
they soon progressed to more complicated pieces if
145
00:13:57,620 --> 00:14:02,420
they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
146
00:14:02,420 --> 00:14:08,960
they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
147
00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:20,590
extract two out of an interview with a rock
climber called Ben so Ben you're well-known
148
00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:25,990
in the climbing world as a bit of a loner you
prefer climbing without other people is that
149
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:32,140
true well to some extent I've always talked
to other climbers about the technical side
150
00:14:32,140 --> 00:14:37,270
of things training
equipment and things like
that but at the end of the day you've got to
151
00:14:37,270 --> 00:14:42,340
learn independently through trial and error
if you're climbing in a group you'll always
152
00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:47,650
compare yourself to others and that doesn't
always help you to improve it's good to admire
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00:14:47,650 --> 00:14:53,590
other climbers but different things work best
for different people so you never climb with
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00:14:53,590 --> 00:15:00,340
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
155
00:15:00,340 --> 00:15:04,720
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and haven't done
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00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:09,790
much winter climbing so I still feel out of my
depth climbing alone on rock face is covered
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00:15:09,790 --> 00:15:15,340
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
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00:15:15,340 --> 00:15:20,440
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
159
00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:31,860
so Ben you're well-known in the climbing world
as a bit of a loner you prefer climbing without
160
00:15:31,860 --> 00:15:38,790
other people is that true well to some extent
I've always talked to other climbers about the
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00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:43,710
technical side of things training equipment
and things like that but at the end of the
162
00:15:43,710 --> 00:15:48,990
day you've got to learn independently through
trial and error if you're climbing in a group
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00:15:48,990 --> 00:15:54,660
you'll always compare yourself to others and that
doesn't always help you to improve it's good to
164
00:15:54,660 --> 00:16:00,930
admire other climbers but different things work
best for different people so you never climb with
165
00:16:00,930 --> 00:16:07,680
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
166
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:12,000
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and I haven't done
167
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:17,100
much winter climbing so I still feel out of
my depth climbing alone on rock faces covered
168
00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:22,650
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
169
00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:27,750
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
170
00:16:30,610 --> 00:16:38,380
extract three you hear part of an interview with
a restaurant critic called Amanda downing you're
171
00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:43,330
such a household name it must be terrifying for
staff when you go into a restaurant how do they
172
00:16:43,330 --> 00:16:49,300
react it's true that a lot of people know me at
least in the restaurant world so I always eat
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with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
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00:16:55,390 --> 00:17:01,510
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
175
00:17:01,510 --> 00:17:07,329
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
176
00:17:07,329 --> 00:17:13,659
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
177
00:17:13,660 --> 00:17:19,420
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
178
00:17:19,420 --> 00:17:24,430
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
179
00:17:24,430 --> 00:17:29,980
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
180
00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:35,170
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
181
00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:41,170
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
182
00:17:41,170 --> 00:17:46,480
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
183
00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,370
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
184
00:17:56,320 --> 00:18:01,720
you're such a household name it must be terrifying
for staff when you go into a restaurant how do
185
00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:07,870
they react it's true that a lot of people know me
at least in the restaurant world so I always eat
186
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:13,990
with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
187
00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:20,110
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
188
00:18:20,110 --> 00:18:25,930
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
189
00:18:25,930 --> 00:18:32,260
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
190
00:18:32,260 --> 00:18:38,020
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
191
00:18:38,020 --> 00:18:42,670
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
192
00:18:42,670 --> 00:18:48,580
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
193
00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:53,740
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
194
00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:59,650
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
195
00:18:59,650 --> 00:19:05,050
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
196
00:19:05,050 --> 00:19:09,970
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
197
00:19:12,260 --> 00:19:19,670
unit for recording sex so how on earth did
they manage to get in there's no sign of a
198
00:19:19,670 --> 00:19:25,640
forced entry well I suppose they could have got
in through a window up on the fourth floor but no
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00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:29,900
one would have dared climb up the outside of
the building anybody trying to do that would
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have been seen from the street below you don't
think they would have been able to jump from
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the block across the road do you now is much
too far of course there's always a fire escape
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around the back of the building they could have
climbed up there reasonably easily but after that
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they might have been lowered by rope from the
roof if that was the case people living in the
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block of flats behind the museum might have seen
something so we need to talk to them right but
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we needn't interview everyone in the block just
the people who have windows facing the museum
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I'll arrange that if it wasn't a window the only
other possibility is that they went in through
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the front door perhaps they forced the lock but
the door didn't appear to be damaged at all and
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the entry code is supposed to be known only by
the security guard so someone else must have
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opened the door from the inside only the security
guard was allowed to stay in the museum after it
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closed do you think they somehow persuaded
him to let them in maybe they just knocked
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on the front door and he opened it they surely
wouldn't have done something as stupid as that
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do you think he might have been expecting them
and that he was part of the gang but then why
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would they have attacked him I don't know but
we better find out what we can about that guard
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as soon as possible now who was it that raised
the alarm it was the head cleaner who went into
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the building early this morning he must have to
know the entry code too yes maybe he says the
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front door was unlocked when he got here but
he claims he didn't see anything else unusual
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00:21:02,210 --> 00:21:09,260
until he got at a fourth floor but of course he
might be lying yes he must know that he ought
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to have called the police as soon as he found
the door open I wonder why he didn't I think
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we should talk to him again I suppose he could
be hiding some information from us and he might
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be prepared to tell us more if we put a bit of
pressure on him the other puzzling thing is how
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they took the paintings away apparently they're
very big so the rubbers must have had to bring
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a van around to the front of the building but the
driver must have been waiting nearby and drove up
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when they've got the paintings they could have
loaded the paintings up very quickly and might
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have driven straight to a port or airport anyway
the forensic team should have finished examining
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the
building by now once they've done that I
think we should go and look around for ourselves
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unit 5 recording 7 right perhaps you could tell
me something about how you got interested in
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environmental science and what experience you have
in the subject well I've always been fascinated by
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plants and animals and then last year a friend of
mine Mike Proctor invited me to Brazil he's the
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head of a project there run by a European charity
the charity's aim is to help groups of villagers
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set up their own schools and medical centers
they also encourage sustainable agriculture
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and the setting up of businesses to sell local
handicrafts anyway it was during my stay that I
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really began to understand the impacts of climate
change I want to learn more about this and more
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generally how decision-making on environmental
issues in one part of the world can affect the
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lives of individuals elsewhere you say you began
to understand the impact of climate change could
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you give me an example of what you saw in Brazil
that influenced you yes of course we've all heard
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about the destruction of the rainforest and I
was able to see examples of that but also people
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don't realize that the climate in the region
is changing and that the speed of change is
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frightening there's been a drought there for a
number of months and river levels are low I had
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direct experience of this when I travelled with
Mike having responsibility for the whole project
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in the area means that his job involves travelling
to some pretty remote areas sometimes we had to
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go by boat to get to some of the villages and we
had to carry the boats because there wasn't enough
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water in the river and is this change affecting
the lives of local people a huge amount the main
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problem has been the effect of the drought on food
supplies the majority of people there are farmers
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and all of them have lost animals and crops the
charity's projects has been a success so far in
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the levels of income from the sale of handicrafts
have increased but of course financial success
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isn't everything it's hard to imagine a future
without farming in an area like that your trip
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to Brazil sounds like an amazing experience and
since you've been back have you done anything
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to develop your interest in the area yes read a
book about energy conservation and how this might
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slow down climate change and I was particularly
interested in how the Netherlands has begun to
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tackle the problem the government has introduced
some really interesting projects on energy saving
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in cities the use of low-energy light bulbs to
reduce the consumption of lighting energy better
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insulation for homes and things like that there's
also a massive recycling scheme which is saving an
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enormous amount of waste what's needed now though
is to expand work like this across the world mmm
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and what are your plans for the future what do you
want to do after you've left college actually I'd
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like to go into politics we've got some how to
persuade governments in developed countries to
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change their priorities for example even if just
a small percentage of the money spent on the arms
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trade could go into tackling climate change I'm
sure we could make a difference and you think
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that as a politician you'd be able to do this I'd
certainly like to try before we finish have you
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00:25:08,760 --> 00:25:14,250
got any questions about the course here at the
college mm-hmm I've noticed that statistics is
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included in the course I'm a bit concerned about
that I wouldn't worry about it you'd be able
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to get by with a reasonable knowledge of maths
oh that's very reassuring I also wanted to ask
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about the field trip for second-year students
okay second-year students go to Nepal in June
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looking at the ecology of mountain environments
well that sounds like a fantastic opportunity
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unit six reporting eight speaker one I took
up running a couple of years ago until then
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I did a bit of sport at school but I didn't do
much outside school at all in fact I suppose I
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didn't have many interests except playing computer
games then I went to watch my uncle in a 5k Fun
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Run it was to raise money for charity I thought
the whole event was brilliant and every one of
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there seemed to be enjoying it there was another
fun run later in the year and I signed up for a
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laugh I didn't do any proper training for it just
a bit of jogging around the park after school so I
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was really surprised when I managed to run all
the way now I run nearly every day and I get a
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lot of satisfaction out of it my friends all think
I'm crazy none of them like the thought of running
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long distances I think about all kinds of stuff
when I'm running and I know it's really good for
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my heart and lungs sure some people get running
injuries but I've been lucky I've had none so far
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speaker 2 I'd never really thought about
exercising keeping fit until a couple of
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years ago my boyfriend and I were in town late
and we had to run to catch the last bus home just
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a couple of hundred meters by the time we got to
the bus stop both of us were completely exhausted
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on the way home we started talking neither of us
did any exercise and I didn't do much with my free
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time just reading magazines and eating biscuits by
the time we got home we'd each decided to take up
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a different activity for six months and see who
could lose the most weight my boyfriend joined
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a gym and I started running in the local park
just a few hundred meters at first and gradually
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building up now I run a few kilometres each day
of course that takes up quite a lot of time and
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my boyfriend moans about that sometimes but after
I've been sitting up a computer all day I can't
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wait to go out for a run we certainly both got
a lot fitter and I've lost a lot of weight not
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all the effects are positive of course I've had a
few problems with sore knees and sprained ankles
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I suppose all exercise carries some risks but
there isn't much evidence that running causes
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major problems if you warm up carefully and have
good footwear it's one of the few sports where no
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00:27:56,570 --> 00:28:05,830
special equipments needed just a pair of running
shoes speaker3 I had three older brothers and I
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think they could all have been Olympic athletes
if they'd had the opportunity so it was quite
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natural that I would go out running with them
I think I started at about the age of ten and
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I've been running regularly all my life now that
I'm getting older I go out running every couple
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of days but if the weather's bad I might go
all week without a run I certainly go out a
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lot less during the winter well who would
want to go running on a horrible rainy day
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inevitably you get a few injuries too everyone
gets aching muscles after a long run and I used
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to get back pain occasionally but surprisingly
I seem to have fewer injuries now than when I
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was younger maybe it's because I run more slowly
actually I feel a lot healthier and I even sleep
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a little better after I've been out running but I
think the best thing for me is the social contact
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we've got a running club in our village I moved
here when I retired and before I join the club
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I had very few friends who live nearby now many
of my closest friends are the runners in the club
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next
spring were all going to Madrid to run in
a marathon for over-60s only of course we know
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that not all of us will finish but you can be sure
that every one of us will have a really good time
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my aim is to complete the course and do it in
less than six hours but I know it won't be easy
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unit six recording nine exam practice listening
part two you will hear a woman called Janet Naylor
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talking about her experience as a volunteer
in Tanzania for questions 1 to 8 complete the
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00:29:46,970 --> 00:29:53,270
sentences with a word or short phrase earlier
this year I fulfilled a lifelong ambition of
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00:29:53,270 --> 00:29:59,210
mine by working for three months as a volunteer
in an African country I'm in my late 50s now and
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I don't have the commitments that have previously
held me back like bringing up small children I've
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00:30:04,850 --> 00:30:09,740
worked in marketing for much of my life and I
wanted to use the skills I have to help out in
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a small way I applied to do voluntary work a
couple of years ago but it wasn't until about
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a year later that a suitable scheme came up and
I was asked to go the reaction of my friends to
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the news was very interesting the majority of
them told me how impressed they were and a lot
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said that given the opportunity they'd like to
do something similar although I must say that
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some of them were not so keen when I told them
later about how basic the conditions were but
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a few clearly disapproved of what I was doing
they argued that I was patronizing Africans by
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intervening and telling them how to run their
lives but I saw it rather differently it's
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00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:53,930
true that in an ideal world development scheme
should be set up by the communities themselves
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00:30:53,930 --> 00:30:59,840
that they're going to benefit but sometimes local
people don't yet have the necessary skills to make
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them effective and need some kind of outside
expert support such as international agencies
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00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:11,810
and that's where I came in I was an advisor to a
scheme based in a village of about 200 people in
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00:31:11,810 --> 00:31:17,930
Tanzania it involved building concrete tanks to
capture water during the wet season with the aim
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00:31:17,930 --> 00:31:23,270
of reducing the problem of drought during the
rest of the year with better irrigation would
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00:31:23,270 --> 00:31:27,920
come more reliable crops so that the villagers
wouldn't be so dependent on international aid
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the problems they were getting really serious
there had hardly been any rain in the area for
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00:31:33,890 --> 00:31:39,680
the previous three or four years the whole region
was on the brink of starvation and handouts from
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charities were the only thing that kept people
alive the scheme had been underway for less than
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00:31:44,390 --> 00:31:50,450
a year when I arrived and my brief was to suggest
ways in which the villagers could market any Agri
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00:31:50,450 --> 00:31:54,890
cultural production that was surplus to their
own requirements any food that they didn't need
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00:31:54,890 --> 00:32:00,140
themselves I've heard now that the village is
making money from its crops by selling them in
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00:32:00,140 --> 00:32:06,110
other parts of Tanzania and even exporting some
produce and it's built a primary school and a
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00:32:06,110 --> 00:32:11,360
small Health Centre it's very gratifying to know
that the scheme has completely transformed its
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00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:15,830
prospects and the village is now well on
its way to becoming a thriving community
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now listen to part two again
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unit seven recording ten in the studio today we
have the novelist David Bharath whose most recent
333
00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:40,070
book a woman alone was published last week welcome
to the program David thanks for inviting me now
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00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:45,230
David you came relatively late writing didn't
you well I suppose had always been a writer
335
00:32:45,230 --> 00:32:50,720
poems short stories and so on but only that close
family had read anything I'd written until I had
336
00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:55,940
my first novel published in my only Fortas and how
did you feel about that oh I felt fantastic having
337
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my first book published at that time you were a
primary school teacher in your native Scotland at
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what stage did you leave teaching until my third
novel was published I was happy to teach during
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the day and write in the evening at at weekends
but I found that there wasn't enough time to do
340
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:17,420
both as well as I wanted to so I left teaching and
I started writing professionally some of my close
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00:33:17,420 --> 00:33:22,940
friends thought I was mad to give up my job and I
was greatly relieved but my subsequent books sold
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00:33:22,940 --> 00:33:28,250
quite well so no regrets about leaving teaching
oh it was the most difficult decision imaginable
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I'd worked at the same school for about 15 years
and I felt bad leaving the children and also some
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very close colleagues and friends but I still
lived near the school and I go back on every
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00:33:38,690 --> 00:33:44,480
possible occasion tell us something about the
process of your writing how carefully do you
346
00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:49,820
outline the story at the very beginning before I
start writing I always know how a book is going
347
00:33:49,820 --> 00:33:55,400
to end although I rarely have a clear idea at the
beginning of how the characters will develop as I
348
00:33:55,400 --> 00:34:00,590
write gradually they grow into real people in
my own mind but sometimes even I'm surprised
349
00:34:00,590 --> 00:34:05,750
at how they turn out and what about your daily
work routine I suppose I'm fairly disciplined
350
00:34:05,750 --> 00:34:10,820
in my writing I'm generally up at about 7:00 in
the morning and I usually start work by about 8
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00:34:10,820 --> 00:34:16,370
o'clock I work upstairs we've converted our
attic into a study in the early stages of a
352
00:34:16,370 --> 00:34:21,620
new book I'll often go to the city library in the
afternoon to do some research you don't use the
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00:34:21,620 --> 00:34:27,350
internet as a rule I prefer finding information
from books and I only turned to the Internet as
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00:34:27,350 --> 00:34:32,719
a last resort let's go on now to your latest
novel a woman alone I was surprised to find
355
00:34:32,719 --> 00:34:39,199
it set in Norway yes I finished my previous book
last January had been feeling really tired and I
356
00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:45,419
was aware that I needed rest and the source of
fresh ideas I taught English in Sweden after I
357
00:34:45,420 --> 00:34:51,030
left University and I still speak Swedish quite
well but I hadn't been to Norway before there
358
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:56,130
are a lot of historical links between Norway and
the north of Scotland so I decided to spend some
359
00:34:56,130 --> 00:35:01,710
weeks there some of the geographical setting
is used in a woman alone are based on places
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00:35:01,710 --> 00:35:06,360
I've visited while I was traveling around and a
woman alone seems to be more personal than many
361
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:11,010
of your other works I'd already decided that
I wanted to write about a single-parent family
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as you may know my sister and I were brought up
by my mother on her own the mother in the story
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00:35:16,710 --> 00:35:22,320
Elsa is very protective of her children as was my
own mother but although they have certain common
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00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:28,590
characteristics Elsa is not really modelled on
my mother Elsa is quite a dominant figure and
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00:35:28,590 --> 00:35:33,810
a woman susceptible to periods of depression
whereas my mother was a rather gentle woman
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00:35:33,810 --> 00:35:39,390
it all was calm and when you're researching
and writing books do you have time to read
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00:35:39,390 --> 00:35:45,630
other people's novels I do yes one novelist I
greatly admire is William Boyd you write simply
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but with great control of language I've just
finished his excellent novel Restless it's a
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00:35:50,670 --> 00:35:55,650
quite remarkable story I'll certainly add that
to my list of books to read and what about your
370
00:35:55,650 --> 00:36:01,170
present writing project what are you working on
now well I don't know if I can tell you yet I'm
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00:36:01,170 --> 00:36:06,150
still sketching out the plot so it's very much
in the early stages and know there'll be a lot
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of people waiting eagerly to get hold of it David
Barras thank you for talking to us my pleasure
2
00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:13,650
transport yes hello Gary well I commuted to
London for over ten years I caught the train
3
00:00:13,650 --> 00:00:19,260
every morning at 7:15 to get to work for 9 o'clock
and I wouldn't get home until about 7 o'clock in
4
00:00:19,260 --> 00:00:26,010
the evening and frankly it was a terrible period
of my life really stressful mainly because of the
5
00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:31,770
unreliability of the train service I was forever
arriving late for work one day I was travelling
6
00:00:31,770 --> 00:00:36,960
home when the train broke down and I eventually
got back at midnight of course I had to go to
7
00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:43,170
work the next day so off I went for my 7:15 train
I've been waiting over an hour when they announced
8
00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:49,080
that the train was cancelled that really was the
end for me I arranged with my employer to work
9
00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:53,730
at home and I've been working at home happily
for the last five years of course it meant a
10
00:00:53,730 --> 00:00:59,250
big salary cuts but I haven't regretted it for a
moment thanks for that Karen can you just stay on
11
00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:05,580
the line I'm hoping we've got Liam on the line
Liam you there yes I'm here Gary great and what
12
00:01:05,580 --> 00:01:10,410
point do you want to make well I just wanted to
say that my experience is similar to your last
13
00:01:10,410 --> 00:01:16,110
caller although I'm a newcomer to commuting by
public transport I've just sold my car and now
14
00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:22,410
I go to work by bus I don't a car ever since I
left college but I wanted to do my bit to cut
15
00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:28,620
down on pollution but I have to confess that I'm
regretting it already I've arrived late for work
16
00:01:28,620 --> 00:01:34,350
twice this week because the boss hasn't turned off
on time it's got so bad that I'm now thinking of
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buying a motorbike it'll cause less pollution in
a car and be more reliable and public transport
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well it sounds like you're another dissatisfied
customer Liam but we've also got Saha on the line
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and I think she's more positive sahar are you
there I am Gary good afternoon hello Saha what
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do you want to tell us well I'd like to put in
a good word for train travel I'm working at home
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when our office block is being renovated and while
I'm appreciating being able to get up later than
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usual I really miss my daily commute you get
to know the people you travel with every day
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I remember one day I dropped my purse while I was
getting off the train another person you picked it
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found my dress in it and brought it round to
my house later that evening another time I'd
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00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:24,530
been working really hard and went to sleep and
miss my station one of the other passengers was
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getting off at the next station and she had her
car parked there she woke me up and offered me
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a lift back to my home I'd spoken to her only a
couple of times before then but now she's a really
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good friend you meet a lot of nice people and
become a part of the traveling community Thanks
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aha that's a sight of commuting we don't often
hear about now somebody else who sees the good
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side of train journeys Luka are you there Luka
yes indeed actually I'm phoning from the train
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on my way home from work and are you having a good
journey yes it's been fine but then I love trains
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I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was
young I admit that it can be frustrating at times
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there are delays and cancellations and there
are minor irritations like poor mobile phone
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reception I've been trying to phone in to your
program for the last half hour in fact but I
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catch the 705 at the station near my home every
morning and still find there's something quite
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magical about stepping onto the train and there
are clear advantages over driving apartment lack
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of stress I reckon that over the years I've
saved a huge amount of money by using public
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transport I've never really considered buying a
car you can also get a lot of work done on the
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train yesterday morning for example I'd read a
couple of reports and prepared for an important
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00:03:41,090 --> 00:03:46,970
meeting before I even got to work literally I'm
quite lucky the train company I travel with have
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00:03:46,970 --> 00:03:51,770
invested a lot of money recently they've bought
new trains and have really improved the service
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00:03:51,770 --> 00:03:57,770
Garry Karen were you wanting to say something
yes I just wanted to pick up Lucas point that
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traveling by train is less stressful than driving
public transport can be stressful too when trains
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don't turn up or are delayed what's less
stressful is working at home at 8 o'clock
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00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:13,010
I'm usually having a leisurely breakfast where
most people are in their cars or on the train
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yesterday I'd finished all my work by 2:30 so I
drove the local pool for a swim and today I've
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00:04:20,149 --> 00:04:24,890
been working hard all day so now I've got time
to relax by listening to the radio for a while
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much better than stress of commuting you're very
lucky Karen we've got another caller on the line
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unit 2 recording 3 you must be really looking
forward to going to America when are you actually
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00:04:40,030 --> 00:04:45,610
leaving I'm flying on the 15th of July I'm
spending a few days sightseeing in New York
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and then I arrive in Los Angeles on the 20th let's
just start on the 27th of July sounds great and
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00:04:53,050 --> 00:04:58,330
what about accommodation well first I'm going to
stay with Daniel and Susannah some friends of my
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parents you're not staying with them the whole
time you're there are you know I'll be looking
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00:05:02,980 --> 00:05:08,650
for my own place but I'm really pleased they'll be
around it'll be good to know I can contact them in
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00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:15,010
case I have any problems they're meeting me at the
airport to mind you I haven't seen them for years
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they'll have forgotten what I look like and what
about the course it looks really interesting they
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00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:26,740
sent me a reading list but of course I haven't
got around to opening any of the books yet so
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it's going to take a long time to catch up I'll
be studying really hard during the semesters so
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that I don't have to do much work in the vacations
and when does the first semester end the 7th of
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December then I'm going to San Francisco for a
week I've always wanted to see the Golden Gate
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Bridge I'm going to fly up there if it's not too
expensive do you know when you'll be back in Los
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00:05:48,940 --> 00:05:55,420
Angeles probably mid December so you can come
anytime after that I'm so looking forward to
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it I've always wanted to go to the States I was
going to see my aunt in Seattle a couple of years
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ago but I cancelled the trip because she got ill
will you stop over anywhere on the way out maybe
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00:06:06,910 --> 00:06:13,420
New York or Chicago I have really thought about it
but I've only got three weeks so I think I'll fly
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directly to Los Angeles fine and I'll meet you
at the airport of course by the time you come
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I'm sure I'll have got to know Ellie really well
so I'll be able to show you all the sights yes I
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00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:30,130
suppose you will when I come to see you you'll
have been living in California for nearly six
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00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:36,880
months hard to imagine isn't it after Los Angeles
I thought we could go down to a place called
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00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:42,700
Huntington Beach if you bring your tent we'll
camp there for a few days the weather will still
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00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:49,690
be quite warm even in the winter isn't it your
birthday around there that's right I'll be 21 on
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00:06:49,690 --> 00:06:55,780
the 2nd of January well that'll be a really good
way to celebrate the best I'll need to get back to
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Los Angeles for when the second semester starts
but you'll be staying longer won't you that's
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right I don't have to be back in England until
later well why don't you go to the Grand Canyon
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00:07:07,150 --> 00:07:13,720
it's supposed to be spectacular yeah I might
think
about that anyway as soon as I booked my
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00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:20,410
tickets I'll let you know it will key we can sort
out the details closer to the time fine look it's
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00:07:20,410 --> 00:07:26,980
nearly 2 o'clock if I don't go now I'm going to be
late for my next lecture I'll text you yeah see ya
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unit three recording four and now on radio nation
it's 8:30 and here's a summary of the latest news
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00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:44,850
air passengers could be hit badly today as cabin
crews stay at home in the latest in a series of
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00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:50,640
one-day strikes the major airlines are warning
that up to 100,000 people may experience delays
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00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:57,360
the managing director of travel air David Wade
had this warning to the union's I'm sure I don't
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00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:01,650
need to spell out the chaos being caused in the
airline industry as a result of these strikes and
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I would like to apologize to all our customers
however the cabin staff must accept the new
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00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:12,270
working conditions if the airline is to compete
and the management has no choice but to stand
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firm on this issue but he didn't have to wait long
for a response a union spokesperson said I can't
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00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:24,060
believe mr. Wade is being so confrontational we
will not be bullied by management eventually the
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00:08:24,060 --> 00:08:30,180
airlines will have to return to the negotiating
table up to 200 teachers and pupils had to be
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00:08:30,180 --> 00:08:35,490
evacuated from Northfield primary school in South
Wales today after a fire broke out in an adjacent
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00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:40,260
building although firefighters were able to
bring the fire under control fairly quickly
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they couldn't prevent the fire damaging the
school's Sports Center the head teacher said
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00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,900
it might be a number of months before the sports
center is back in operation although the school
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itself should be able to reopen early next week
the new borland bridge connecting the island to
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the mainland was officially opened today by the
Transport Minister however it's been an operation
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for a few weeks already and has received a mixed
reception from Islanders from Borland here's our
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00:09:05,910 --> 00:09:12,810
reporter Anna Curtis yes the new bridge has
stirred up a lot of strong emotion on Borland
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and I'm here to gather the views of some of the
islands residents excuse me what do you think of
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00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:25,950
the new bridge I think it will be of great benefit
to the island we used to be terribly isolated here
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because the ferry service was so bad it's only
a short distance but the crossing would take
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00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:36,840
over an hour at least it could be a very rough
journey too many passengers would get seasick
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during the crossing excuse me I'm asking people
about the effects of the new bridge they reckon
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that tourism on the island is set to expand that's
such a good thing there are already far too many
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cars and people will also get wealthy people
from the mainland who can afford second homes
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that will push up house prices it and Islanders
won't be able to buy properties that can't be
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right surely there are to be restrictions on the
number of people moving here it's certainly true
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that the bridge is going to have a major impact
on the way of life of the people here over the
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next few years but whether that will be a positive
or a negative effect only time will tell following
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00:10:16,350 --> 00:10:21,000
her report on the high levels of obesity among
children the government's chief health advisor
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00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:26,430
professor Carmen Brady has said that schools have
to play a more active role in encouraging children
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to take up sports she has also criticized
parents parents needn't be very interested
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in sport themselves but they should give their
children whatever encouragement they can while
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00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:43,140
we were gathering information for our report we
found that some parents will actually discourage
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00:10:43,140 --> 00:10:48,360
their children from taking up a sport on the basis
that they might get distracted from their academic
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studies this negative attitude sport mustn't
be allowed to continue not if we are to get on
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00:10:55,470 --> 00:11:00,720
top of the obesity crisis facing the country
and finally the weather well if you're in the
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00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:05,220
south of the country you shouldn't be troubled
by any rain today it will be warm sunny and
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dry with temperatures up to 22 degrees Celsius
however in the north you are likely to see an
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00:11:10,650 --> 00:11:15,990
occasional shower with maximum temperatures
of around 15 degrees Radio nation news
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00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:28,060
unit three recording five exam practice listening
part one you will hear three different extracts
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00:11:28,060 --> 00:11:36,640
for questions one two six choose the answer a B or
C which fits best according to what you hear there
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00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:44,320
are two questions for each extract extract one
you hear two people on a radio program discussing
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00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:50,380
music education for children research shows
that the optimum time to start music education
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is between the ages of three and four as well
as improving manual dexterity and concentration
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00:11:55,720 --> 00:12:01,060
it seems that it may help emotional development
to and starting young on understanding musical
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notation laced down an excellent foundation for
later on the piano is the instrument that many
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parents want their children to start learning
and I think three years old is the right time to
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00:12:10,300 --> 00:12:16,120
start starting early is vital but less demanding
instruments would be my choice things like the
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00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:22,120
recorder or a half-size guitar personally I don't
think the piano is the best instrument to start
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00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:27,340
with so early children have to show the mental
physical and emotional readiness to learn an
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00:12:27,340 --> 00:12:33,910
instrument like the piano which obviously takes a
lot of effort and commitment in my experience very
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00:12:33,910 --> 00:12:39,220
few children under six are able to take on that
kind of challenge well I think children of that
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age can learn to play simple tunes on the piano
and they soon progress to more complicated pieces
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if they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
134
00:13:00,350 --> 00:13:05,420
research shows that the optimum time to start
music education is between the ages of three
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00:13:05,420 --> 00:13:10,640
and four as well as improving manual dexterity
and concentration it seems that it may help
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00:13:10,640 --> 00:13:15,680
emotional development to and starting young
on understanding musical notation laced down
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00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:20,600
an excellent foundation for later on the piano
is the instrument that many parents want their
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00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:25,310
children to start learning and I think three
years old is the right time to start starting
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00:13:25,310 --> 00:13:30,620
early is vital but less demanding instruments
would be my choice things like the recorder or
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00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:36,170
a half-size guitar personally I don't think the
piano is the best instrument to start with so
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00:13:36,170 --> 00:13:41,150
early children have to show the mental physical
and emotional readiness to learn an instrument
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00:13:41,150 --> 00:13:47,720
like the piano which obviously takes a lot of
effort and commitment in my experience very few
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00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:52,910
children under six are able to take on that kind
of challenge well I think children of that age
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00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:57,620
can learn to play simple tunes on the piano when
they soon progressed to more complicated pieces if
145
00:13:57,620 --> 00:14:02,420
they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
146
00:14:02,420 --> 00:14:08,960
they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
147
00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:20,590
extract two out of an interview with a rock
climber called Ben so Ben you're well-known
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00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:25,990
in the climbing world as a bit of a loner you
prefer climbing without other people is that
149
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:32,140
true well to some extent I've always talked
to other climbers about the technical side
150
00:14:32,140 --> 00:14:37,270
of things training
equipment and things like
that but at the end of the day you've got to
151
00:14:37,270 --> 00:14:42,340
learn independently through trial and error
if you're climbing in a group you'll always
152
00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:47,650
compare yourself to others and that doesn't
always help you to improve it's good to admire
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00:14:47,650 --> 00:14:53,590
other climbers but different things work best
for different people so you never climb with
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00:14:53,590 --> 00:15:00,340
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
155
00:15:00,340 --> 00:15:04,720
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and haven't done
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00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:09,790
much winter climbing so I still feel out of my
depth climbing alone on rock face is covered
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00:15:09,790 --> 00:15:15,340
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
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00:15:15,340 --> 00:15:20,440
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:31,860
so Ben you're well-known in the climbing world
as a bit of a loner you prefer climbing without
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00:15:31,860 --> 00:15:38,790
other people is that true well to some extent
I've always talked to other climbers about the
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00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:43,710
technical side of things training equipment
and things like that but at the end of the
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00:15:43,710 --> 00:15:48,990
day you've got to learn independently through
trial and error if you're climbing in a group
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00:15:48,990 --> 00:15:54,660
you'll always compare yourself to others and that
doesn't always help you to improve it's good to
164
00:15:54,660 --> 00:16:00,930
admire other climbers but different things work
best for different people so you never climb with
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00:16:00,930 --> 00:16:07,680
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
166
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:12,000
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and I haven't done
167
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:17,100
much winter climbing so I still feel out of
my depth climbing alone on rock faces covered
168
00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:22,650
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
169
00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:27,750
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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00:16:30,610 --> 00:16:38,380
extract three you hear part of an interview with
a restaurant critic called Amanda downing you're
171
00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:43,330
such a household name it must be terrifying for
staff when you go into a restaurant how do they
172
00:16:43,330 --> 00:16:49,300
react it's true that a lot of people know me at
least in the restaurant world so I always eat
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with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
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00:16:55,390 --> 00:17:01,510
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
175
00:17:01,510 --> 00:17:07,329
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
176
00:17:07,329 --> 00:17:13,659
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
177
00:17:13,660 --> 00:17:19,420
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
178
00:17:19,420 --> 00:17:24,430
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
179
00:17:24,430 --> 00:17:29,980
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
180
00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:35,170
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
181
00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:41,170
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
182
00:17:41,170 --> 00:17:46,480
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
183
00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,370
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
184
00:17:56,320 --> 00:18:01,720
you're such a household name it must be terrifying
for staff when you go into a restaurant how do
185
00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:07,870
they react it's true that a lot of people know me
at least in the restaurant world so I always eat
186
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:13,990
with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
187
00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:20,110
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
188
00:18:20,110 --> 00:18:25,930
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
189
00:18:25,930 --> 00:18:32,260
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
190
00:18:32,260 --> 00:18:38,020
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
191
00:18:38,020 --> 00:18:42,670
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
192
00:18:42,670 --> 00:18:48,580
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
193
00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:53,740
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
194
00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:59,650
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
195
00:18:59,650 --> 00:19:05,050
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
196
00:19:05,050 --> 00:19:09,970
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
197
00:19:12,260 --> 00:19:19,670
unit for recording sex so how on earth did
they manage to get in there's no sign of a
198
00:19:19,670 --> 00:19:25,640
forced entry well I suppose they could have got
in through a window up on the fourth floor but no
199
00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:29,900
one would have dared climb up the outside of
the building anybody trying to do that would
200
00:19:29,900 --> 00:19:33,740
have been seen from the street below you don't
think they would have been able to jump from
201
00:19:33,740 --> 00:19:39,050
the block across the road do you now is much
too far of course there's always a fire escape
202
00:19:39,050 --> 00:19:43,940
around the back of the building they could have
climbed up there reasonably easily but after that
203
00:19:43,940 --> 00:19:49,580
they might have been lowered by rope from the
roof if that was the case people living in the
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00:19:49,580 --> 00:19:55,490
block of flats behind the museum might have seen
something so we need to talk to them right but
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we needn't interview everyone in the block just
the people who have windows facing the museum
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I'll arrange that if it wasn't a window the only
other possibility is that they went in through
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the front door perhaps they forced the lock but
the door didn't appear to be damaged at all and
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the entry code is supposed to be known only by
the security guard so someone else must have
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opened the door from the inside only the security
guard was allowed to stay in the museum after it
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closed do you think they somehow persuaded
him to let them in maybe they just knocked
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on the front door and he opened it they surely
wouldn't have done something as stupid as that
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do you think he might have been expecting them
and that he was part of the gang but then why
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would they have attacked him I don't know but
we better find out what we can about that guard
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as soon as possible now who was it that raised
the alarm it was the head cleaner who went into
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the building early this morning he must have to
know the entry code too yes maybe he says the
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front door was unlocked when he got here but
he claims he didn't see anything else unusual
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until he got at a fourth floor but of course he
might be lying yes he must know that he ought
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to have called the police as soon as he found
the door open I wonder why he didn't I think
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we should talk to him again I suppose he could
be hiding some information from us and he might
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be prepared to tell us more if we put a bit of
pressure on him the other puzzling thing is how
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they took the paintings away apparently they're
very big so the rubbers must have had to bring
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a van around to the front of the building but the
driver must have been waiting nearby and drove up
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when they've got the paintings they could have
loaded the paintings up very quickly and might
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have driven straight to a port or airport anyway
the forensic team should have finished examining
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the
building by now once they've done that I
think we should go and look around for ourselves
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unit 5 recording 7 right perhaps you could tell
me something about how you got interested in
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environmental science and what experience you have
in the subject well I've always been fascinated by
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plants and animals and then last year a friend of
mine Mike Proctor invited me to Brazil he's the
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head of a project there run by a European charity
the charity's aim is to help groups of villagers
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set up their own schools and medical centers
they also encourage sustainable agriculture
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and the setting up of businesses to sell local
handicrafts anyway it was during my stay that I
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really began to understand the impacts of climate
change I want to learn more about this and more
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generally how decision-making on environmental
issues in one part of the world can affect the
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lives of individuals elsewhere you say you began
to understand the impact of climate change could
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you give me an example of what you saw in Brazil
that influenced you yes of course we've all heard
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about the destruction of the rainforest and I
was able to see examples of that but also people
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don't realize that the climate in the region
is changing and that the speed of change is
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frightening there's been a drought there for a
number of months and river levels are low I had
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direct experience of this when I travelled with
Mike having responsibility for the whole project
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in the area means that his job involves travelling
to some pretty remote areas sometimes we had to
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go by boat to get to some of the villages and we
had to carry the boats because there wasn't enough
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water in the river and is this change affecting
the lives of local people a huge amount the main
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problem has been the effect of the drought on food
supplies the majority of people there are farmers
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and all of them have lost animals and crops the
charity's projects has been a success so far in
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the levels of income from the sale of handicrafts
have increased but of course financial success
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isn't everything it's hard to imagine a future
without farming in an area like that your trip
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to Brazil sounds like an amazing experience and
since you've been back have you done anything
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to develop your interest in the area yes read a
book about energy conservation and how this might
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slow down climate change and I was particularly
interested in how the Netherlands has begun to
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tackle the problem the government has introduced
some really interesting projects on energy saving
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in cities the use of low-energy light bulbs to
reduce the consumption of lighting energy better
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insulation for homes and things like that there's
also a massive recycling scheme which is saving an
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enormous amount of waste what's needed now though
is to expand work like this across the world mmm
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and what are your plans for the future what do you
want to do after you've left college actually I'd
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like to go into politics we've got some how to
persuade governments in developed countries to
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change their priorities for example even if just
a small percentage of the money spent on the arms
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trade could go into tackling climate change I'm
sure we could make a difference and you think
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that as a politician you'd be able to do this I'd
certainly like to try before we finish have you
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got any questions about the course here at the
college mm-hmm I've noticed that statistics is
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included in the course I'm a bit concerned about
that I wouldn't worry about it you'd be able
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to get by with a reasonable knowledge of maths
oh that's very reassuring I also wanted to ask
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about the field trip for second-year students
okay second-year students go to Nepal in June
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looking at the ecology of mountain environments
well that sounds like a fantastic opportunity
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unit six reporting eight speaker one I took
up running a couple of years ago until then
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I did a bit of sport at school but I didn't do
much outside school at all in fact I suppose I
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didn't have many interests except playing computer
games then I went to watch my uncle in a 5k Fun
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Run it was to raise money for charity I thought
the whole event was brilliant and every one of
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there seemed to be enjoying it there was another
fun run later in the year and I signed up for a
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laugh I didn't do any proper training for it just
a bit of jogging around the park after school so I
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was really surprised when I managed to run all
the way now I run nearly every day and I get a
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lot of satisfaction out of it my friends all think
I'm crazy none of them like the thought of running
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long distances I think about all kinds of stuff
when I'm running and I know it's really good for
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my heart and lungs sure some people get running
injuries but I've been lucky I've had none so far
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speaker 2 I'd never really thought about
exercising keeping fit until a couple of
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years ago my boyfriend and I were in town late
and we had to run to catch the last bus home just
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a couple of hundred meters by the time we got to
the bus stop both of us were completely exhausted
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on the way home we started talking neither of us
did any exercise and I didn't do much with my free
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time just reading magazines and eating biscuits by
the time we got home we'd each decided to take up
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a different activity for six months and see who
could lose the most weight my boyfriend joined
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a gym and I started running in the local park
just a few hundred meters at first and gradually
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building up now I run a few kilometres each day
of course that takes up quite a lot of time and
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my boyfriend moans about that sometimes but after
I've been sitting up a computer all day I can't
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wait to go out for a run we certainly both got
a lot fitter and I've lost a lot of weight not
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all the effects are positive of course I've had a
few problems with sore knees and sprained ankles
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I suppose all exercise carries some risks but
there isn't much evidence that running causes
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major problems if you warm up carefully and have
good footwear it's one of the few sports where no
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special equipments needed just a pair of running
shoes speaker3 I had three older brothers and I
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think they could all have been Olympic athletes
if they'd had the opportunity so it was quite
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natural that I would go out running with them
I think I started at about the age of ten and
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I've been running regularly all my life now that
I'm getting older I go out running every couple
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of days but if the weather's bad I might go
all week without a run I certainly go out a
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lot less during the winter well who would
want to go running on a horrible rainy day
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inevitably you get a few injuries too everyone
gets aching muscles after a long run and I used
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to get back pain occasionally but surprisingly
I seem to have fewer injuries now than when I
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was younger maybe it's because I run more slowly
actually I feel a lot healthier and I even sleep
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a little better after I've been out running but I
think the best thing for me is the social contact
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we've got a running club in our village I moved
here when I retired and before I join the club
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I had very few friends who live nearby now many
of my closest friends are the runners in the club
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next
spring were all going to Madrid to run in
a marathon for over-60s only of course we know
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that not all of us will finish but you can be sure
that every one of us will have a really good time
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my aim is to complete the course and do it in
less than six hours but I know it won't be easy
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unit six recording nine exam practice listening
part two you will hear a woman called Janet Naylor
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talking about her experience as a volunteer
in Tanzania for questions 1 to 8 complete the
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00:29:46,970 --> 00:29:53,270
sentences with a word or short phrase earlier
this year I fulfilled a lifelong ambition of
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mine by working for three months as a volunteer
in an African country I'm in my late 50s now and
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I don't have the commitments that have previously
held me back like bringing up small children I've
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00:30:04,850 --> 00:30:09,740
worked in marketing for much of my life and I
wanted to use the skills I have to help out in
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a small way I applied to do voluntary work a
couple of years ago but it wasn't until about
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a year later that a suitable scheme came up and
I was asked to go the reaction of my friends to
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the news was very interesting the majority of
them told me how impressed they were and a lot
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said that given the opportunity they'd like to
do something similar although I must say that
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some of them were not so keen when I told them
later about how basic the conditions were but
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a few clearly disapproved of what I was doing
they argued that I was patronizing Africans by
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intervening and telling them how to run their
lives but I saw it rather differently it's
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00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:53,930
true that in an ideal world development scheme
should be set up by the communities themselves
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that they're going to benefit but sometimes local
people don't yet have the necessary skills to make
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them effective and need some kind of outside
expert support such as international agencies
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and that's where I came in I was an advisor to a
scheme based in a village of about 200 people in
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Tanzania it involved building concrete tanks to
capture water during the wet season with the aim
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of reducing the problem of drought during the
rest of the year with better irrigation would
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00:31:23,270 --> 00:31:27,920
come more reliable crops so that the villagers
wouldn't be so dependent on international aid
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the problems they were getting really serious
there had hardly been any rain in the area for
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the previous three or four years the whole region
was on the brink of starvation and handouts from
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charities were the only thing that kept people
alive the scheme had been underway for less than
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00:31:44,390 --> 00:31:50,450
a year when I arrived and my brief was to suggest
ways in which the villagers could market any Agri
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00:31:50,450 --> 00:31:54,890
cultural production that was surplus to their
own requirements any food that they didn't need
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00:31:54,890 --> 00:32:00,140
themselves I've heard now that the village is
making money from its crops by selling them in
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00:32:00,140 --> 00:32:06,110
other parts of Tanzania and even exporting some
produce and it's built a primary school and a
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00:32:06,110 --> 00:32:11,360
small Health Centre it's very gratifying to know
that the scheme has completely transformed its
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00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:15,830
prospects and the village is now well on
its way to becoming a thriving community
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now listen to part two again
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unit seven recording ten in the studio today we
have the novelist David Bharath whose most recent
333
00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:40,070
book a woman alone was published last week welcome
to the program David thanks for inviting me now
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00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:45,230
David you came relatively late writing didn't
you well I suppose had always been a writer
335
00:32:45,230 --> 00:32:50,720
poems short stories and so on but only that close
family had read anything I'd written until I had
336
00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:55,940
my first novel published in my only Fortas and how
did you feel about that oh I felt fantastic having
337
00:32:55,940 --> 00:33:01,160
my first book published at that time you were a
primary school teacher in your native Scotland at
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what stage did you leave teaching until my third
novel was published I was happy to teach during
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the day and write in the evening at at weekends
but I found that there wasn't enough time to do
340
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:17,420
both as well as I wanted to so I left teaching and
I started writing professionally some of my close
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00:33:17,420 --> 00:33:22,940
friends thought I was mad to give up my job and I
was greatly relieved but my subsequent books sold
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00:33:22,940 --> 00:33:28,250
quite well so no regrets about leaving teaching
oh it was the most difficult decision imaginable
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I'd worked at the same school for about 15 years
and I felt bad leaving the children and also some
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very close colleagues and friends but I still
lived near the school and I go back on every
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00:33:38,690 --> 00:33:44,480
possible occasion tell us something about the
process of your writing how carefully do you
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00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:49,820
outline the story at the very beginning before I
start writing I always know how a book is going
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00:33:49,820 --> 00:33:55,400
to end although I rarely have a clear idea at the
beginning of how the characters will develop as I
348
00:33:55,400 --> 00:34:00,590
write gradually they grow into real people in
my own mind but sometimes even I'm surprised
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00:34:00,590 --> 00:34:05,750
at how they turn out and what about your daily
work routine I suppose I'm fairly disciplined
350
00:34:05,750 --> 00:34:10,820
in my writing I'm generally up at about 7:00 in
the morning and I usually start work by about 8
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00:34:10,820 --> 00:34:16,370
o'clock I work upstairs we've converted our
attic into a study in the early stages of a
352
00:34:16,370 --> 00:34:21,620
new book I'll often go to the city library in the
afternoon to do some research you don't use the
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00:34:21,620 --> 00:34:27,350
internet as a rule I prefer finding information
from books and I only turned to the Internet as
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00:34:27,350 --> 00:34:32,719
a last resort let's go on now to your latest
novel a woman alone I was surprised to find
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00:34:32,719 --> 00:34:39,199
it set in Norway yes I finished my previous book
last January had been feeling really tired and I
356
00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:45,419
was aware that I needed rest and the source of
fresh ideas I taught English in Sweden after I
357
00:34:45,420 --> 00:34:51,030
left University and I still speak Swedish quite
well but I hadn't been to Norway before there
358
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:56,130
are a lot of historical links between Norway and
the north of Scotland so I decided to spend some
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00:34:56,130 --> 00:35:01,710
weeks there some of the geographical setting
is used in a woman alone are based on places
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00:35:01,710 --> 00:35:06,360
I've visited while I was traveling around and a
woman alone seems to be more personal than many
361
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:11,010
of your other works I'd already decided that
I wanted to write about a single-parent family
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as you may know my sister and I were brought up
by my mother on her own the mother in the story
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00:35:16,710 --> 00:35:22,320
Elsa is very protective of her children as was my
own mother but although they have certain common
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characteristics Elsa is not really modelled on
my mother Elsa is quite a dominant figure and
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00:35:28,590 --> 00:35:33,810
a woman susceptible to periods of depression
whereas my mother was a rather gentle woman
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00:35:33,810 --> 00:35:39,390
it all was calm and when you're researching
and writing books do you have time to read
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00:35:39,390 --> 00:35:45,630
other people's novels I do yes one novelist I
greatly admire is William Boyd you write simply
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but with great control of language I've just
finished his excellent novel Restless it's a
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00:35:50,670 --> 00:35:55,650
quite remarkable story I'll certainly add that
to my list of books to read and what about your
370
00:35:55,650 --> 00:36:01,170
present writing project what are you working on
now well I don't know if I can tell you yet I'm
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00:36:01,170 --> 00:36:06,150
still sketching out the plot so it's very much
in the early stages and know there'll be a lot
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of people waiting eagerly to get hold of it David
Barras thank you for talking to us my pleasure
2
00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:13,650
transport yes hello Gary well I commuted to
London for over ten years I caught the train
3
00:00:13,650 --> 00:00:19,260
every morning at 7:15 to get to work for 9 o'clock
and I wouldn't get home until about 7 o'clock in
4
00:00:19,260 --> 00:00:26,010
the evening and frankly it was a terrible period
of my life really stressful mainly because of the
5
00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:31,770
unreliability of the train service I was forever
arriving late for work one day I was travelling
6
00:00:31,770 --> 00:00:36,960
home when the train broke down and I eventually
got back at midnight of course I had to go to
7
00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:43,170
work the next day so off I went for my 7:15 train
I've been waiting over an hour when they announced
8
00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:49,080
that the train was cancelled that really was the
end for me I arranged with my employer to work
9
00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:53,730
at home and I've been working at home happily
for the last five years of course it meant a
10
00:00:53,730 --> 00:00:59,250
big salary cuts but I haven't regretted it for a
moment thanks for that Karen can you just stay on
11
00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:05,580
the line I'm hoping we've got Liam on the line
Liam you there yes I'm here Gary great and what
12
00:01:05,580 --> 00:01:10,410
point do you want to make well I just wanted to
say that my experience is similar to your last
13
00:01:10,410 --> 00:01:16,110
caller although I'm a newcomer to commuting by
public transport I've just sold my car and now
14
00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:22,410
I go to work by bus I don't a car ever since I
left college but I wanted to do my bit to cut
15
00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:28,620
down on pollution but I have to confess that I'm
regretting it already I've arrived late for work
16
00:01:28,620 --> 00:01:34,350
twice this week because the boss hasn't turned off
on time it's got so bad that I'm now thinking of
17
00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:40,200
buying a motorbike it'll cause less pollution in
a car and be more reliable and public transport
18
00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:46,710
well it sounds like you're another dissatisfied
customer Liam but we've also got Saha on the line
19
00:01:46,710 --> 00:01:52,740
and I think she's more positive sahar are you
there I am Gary good afternoon hello Saha what
20
00:01:52,740 --> 00:01:57,990
do you want to tell us well I'd like to put in
a good word for train travel I'm working at home
21
00:01:57,990 --> 00:02:03,000
when our office block is being renovated and while
I'm appreciating being able to get up later than
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usual I really miss my daily commute you get
to know the people you travel with every day
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I remember one day I dropped my purse while I was
getting off the train another person you picked it
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found my dress in it and brought it round to
my house later that evening another time I'd
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00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:24,530
been working really hard and went to sleep and
miss my station one of the other passengers was
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00:02:24,530 --> 00:02:29,690
getting off at the next station and she had her
car parked there she woke me up and offered me
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a lift back to my home I'd spoken to her only a
couple of times before then but now she's a really
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good friend you meet a lot of nice people and
become a part of the traveling community Thanks
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aha that's a sight of commuting we don't often
hear about now somebody else who sees the good
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side of train journeys Luka are you there Luka
yes indeed actually I'm phoning from the train
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on my way home from work and are you having a good
journey yes it's been fine but then I love trains
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I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was
young I admit that it can be frustrating at times
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there are delays and cancellations and there
are minor irritations like poor mobile phone
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reception I've been trying to phone in to your
program for the last half hour in fact but I
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00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:19,370
catch the 705 at the station near my home every
morning and still find there's something quite
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magical about stepping onto the train and there
are clear advantages over driving apartment lack
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00:03:24,890 --> 00:03:29,930
of stress I reckon that over the years I've
saved a huge amount of money by using public
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transport I've never really considered buying a
car you can also get a lot of work done on the
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00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:41,090
train yesterday morning for example I'd read a
couple of reports and prepared for an important
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00:03:41,090 --> 00:03:46,970
meeting before I even got to work literally I'm
quite lucky the train company I travel with have
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00:03:46,970 --> 00:03:51,770
invested a lot of money recently they've bought
new trains and have really improved the service
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00:03:51,770 --> 00:03:57,770
Garry Karen were you wanting to say something
yes I just wanted to pick up Lucas point that
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traveling by train is less stressful than driving
public transport can be stressful too when trains
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don't turn up or are delayed what's less
stressful is working at home at 8 o'clock
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00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:13,010
I'm usually having a leisurely breakfast where
most people are in their cars or on the train
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yesterday I'd finished all my work by 2:30 so I
drove the local pool for a swim and today I've
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00:04:20,149 --> 00:04:24,890
been working hard all day so now I've got time
to relax by listening to the radio for a while
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much better than stress of commuting you're very
lucky Karen we've got another caller on the line
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00:04:33,220 --> 00:04:40,030
unit 2 recording 3 you must be really looking
forward to going to America when are you actually
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00:04:40,030 --> 00:04:45,610
leaving I'm flying on the 15th of July I'm
spending a few days sightseeing in New York
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and then I arrive in Los Angeles on the 20th let's
just start on the 27th of July sounds great and
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00:04:53,050 --> 00:04:58,330
what about accommodation well first I'm going to
stay with Daniel and Susannah some friends of my
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parents you're not staying with them the whole
time you're there are you know I'll be looking
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00:05:02,980 --> 00:05:08,650
for my own place but I'm really pleased they'll be
around it'll be good to know I can contact them in
55
00:05:08,650 --> 00:05:15,010
case I have any problems they're meeting me at the
airport to mind you I haven't seen them for years
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00:05:15,010 --> 00:05:21,400
they'll have forgotten what I look like and what
about the course it looks really interesting they
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00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:26,740
sent me a reading list but of course I haven't
got around to opening any of the books yet so
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it's going to take a long time to catch up I'll
be studying really hard during the semesters so
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that I don't have to do much work in the vacations
and when does the first semester end the 7th of
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December then I'm going to San Francisco for a
week I've always wanted to see the Golden Gate
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Bridge I'm going to fly up there if it's not too
expensive do you know when you'll be back in Los
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00:05:48,940 --> 00:05:55,420
Angeles probably mid December so you can come
anytime after that I'm so looking forward to
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it I've always wanted to go to the States I was
going to see my aunt in Seattle a couple of years
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ago but I cancelled the trip because she got ill
will you stop over anywhere on the way out maybe
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00:06:06,910 --> 00:06:13,420
New York or Chicago I have really thought about it
but I've only got three weeks so I think I'll fly
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00:06:13,420 --> 00:06:19,360
directly to Los Angeles fine and I'll meet you
at the airport of course by the time you come
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I'm sure I'll have got to know Ellie really well
so I'll be able to show you all the sights yes I
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00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:30,130
suppose you will when I come to see you you'll
have been living in California for nearly six
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00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:36,880
months hard to imagine isn't it after Los Angeles
I thought we could go down to a place called
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00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:42,700
Huntington Beach if you bring your tent we'll
camp there for a few days the weather will still
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00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:49,690
be quite warm even in the winter isn't it your
birthday around there that's right I'll be 21 on
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00:06:49,690 --> 00:06:55,780
the 2nd of January well that'll be a really good
way to celebrate the best I'll need to get back to
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00:06:55,780 --> 00:07:01,270
Los Angeles for when the second semester starts
but you'll be staying longer won't you that's
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right I don't have to be back in England until
later well why don't you go to the Grand Canyon
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00:07:07,150 --> 00:07:13,720
it's supposed to be spectacular yeah I might
think
about that anyway as soon as I booked my
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00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:20,410
tickets I'll let you know it will key we can sort
out the details closer to the time fine look it's
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00:07:20,410 --> 00:07:26,980
nearly 2 o'clock if I don't go now I'm going to be
late for my next lecture I'll text you yeah see ya
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unit three recording four and now on radio nation
it's 8:30 and here's a summary of the latest news
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00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:44,850
air passengers could be hit badly today as cabin
crews stay at home in the latest in a series of
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00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:50,640
one-day strikes the major airlines are warning
that up to 100,000 people may experience delays
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00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:57,360
the managing director of travel air David Wade
had this warning to the union's I'm sure I don't
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00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:01,650
need to spell out the chaos being caused in the
airline industry as a result of these strikes and
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00:08:01,650 --> 00:08:07,380
I would like to apologize to all our customers
however the cabin staff must accept the new
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00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:12,270
working conditions if the airline is to compete
and the management has no choice but to stand
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00:08:12,270 --> 00:08:18,810
firm on this issue but he didn't have to wait long
for a response a union spokesperson said I can't
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00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:24,060
believe mr. Wade is being so confrontational we
will not be bullied by management eventually the
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00:08:24,060 --> 00:08:30,180
airlines will have to return to the negotiating
table up to 200 teachers and pupils had to be
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00:08:30,180 --> 00:08:35,490
evacuated from Northfield primary school in South
Wales today after a fire broke out in an adjacent
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00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:40,260
building although firefighters were able to
bring the fire under control fairly quickly
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they couldn't prevent the fire damaging the
school's Sports Center the head teacher said
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00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,900
it might be a number of months before the sports
center is back in operation although the school
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itself should be able to reopen early next week
the new borland bridge connecting the island to
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00:08:55,020 --> 00:09:00,630
the mainland was officially opened today by the
Transport Minister however it's been an operation
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for a few weeks already and has received a mixed
reception from Islanders from Borland here's our
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00:09:05,910 --> 00:09:12,810
reporter Anna Curtis yes the new bridge has
stirred up a lot of strong emotion on Borland
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00:09:12,810 --> 00:09:19,590
and I'm here to gather the views of some of the
islands residents excuse me what do you think of
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00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:25,950
the new bridge I think it will be of great benefit
to the island we used to be terribly isolated here
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because the ferry service was so bad it's only
a short distance but the crossing would take
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00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:36,840
over an hour at least it could be a very rough
journey too many passengers would get seasick
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during the crossing excuse me I'm asking people
about the effects of the new bridge they reckon
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that tourism on the island is set to expand that's
such a good thing there are already far too many
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00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:53,760
cars and people will also get wealthy people
from the mainland who can afford second homes
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that will push up house prices it and Islanders
won't be able to buy properties that can't be
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00:09:58,620 --> 00:10:03,570
right surely there are to be restrictions on the
number of people moving here it's certainly true
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that the bridge is going to have a major impact
on the way of life of the people here over the
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next few years but whether that will be a positive
or a negative effect only time will tell following
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00:10:16,350 --> 00:10:21,000
her report on the high levels of obesity among
children the government's chief health advisor
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professor Carmen Brady has said that schools have
to play a more active role in encouraging children
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to take up sports she has also criticized
parents parents needn't be very interested
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in sport themselves but they should give their
children whatever encouragement they can while
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00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:43,140
we were gathering information for our report we
found that some parents will actually discourage
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00:10:43,140 --> 00:10:48,360
their children from taking up a sport on the basis
that they might get distracted from their academic
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studies this negative attitude sport mustn't
be allowed to continue not if we are to get on
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00:10:55,470 --> 00:11:00,720
top of the obesity crisis facing the country
and finally the weather well if you're in the
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south of the country you shouldn't be troubled
by any rain today it will be warm sunny and
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dry with temperatures up to 22 degrees Celsius
however in the north you are likely to see an
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00:11:10,650 --> 00:11:15,990
occasional shower with maximum temperatures
of around 15 degrees Radio nation news
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00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:28,060
unit three recording five exam practice listening
part one you will hear three different extracts
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00:11:28,060 --> 00:11:36,640
for questions one two six choose the answer a B or
C which fits best according to what you hear there
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00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:44,320
are two questions for each extract extract one
you hear two people on a radio program discussing
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00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:50,380
music education for children research shows
that the optimum time to start music education
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is between the ages of three and four as well
as improving manual dexterity and concentration
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00:11:55,720 --> 00:12:01,060
it seems that it may help emotional development
to and starting young on understanding musical
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00:12:01,060 --> 00:12:06,130
notation laced down an excellent foundation for
later on the piano is the instrument that many
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parents want their children to start learning
and I think three years old is the right time to
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00:12:10,300 --> 00:12:16,120
start starting early is vital but less demanding
instruments would be my choice things like the
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00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:22,120
recorder or a half-size guitar personally I don't
think the piano is the best instrument to start
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00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:27,340
with so early children have to show the mental
physical and emotional readiness to learn an
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00:12:27,340 --> 00:12:33,910
instrument like the piano which obviously takes a
lot of effort and commitment in my experience very
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00:12:33,910 --> 00:12:39,220
few children under six are able to take on that
kind of challenge well I think children of that
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age can learn to play simple tunes on the piano
and they soon progress to more complicated pieces
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if they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
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00:13:00,350 --> 00:13:05,420
research shows that the optimum time to start
music education is between the ages of three
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00:13:05,420 --> 00:13:10,640
and four as well as improving manual dexterity
and concentration it seems that it may help
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00:13:10,640 --> 00:13:15,680
emotional development to and starting young
on understanding musical notation laced down
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00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:20,600
an excellent foundation for later on the piano
is the instrument that many parents want their
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00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:25,310
children to start learning and I think three
years old is the right time to start starting
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00:13:25,310 --> 00:13:30,620
early is vital but less demanding instruments
would be my choice things like the recorder or
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00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:36,170
a half-size guitar personally I don't think the
piano is the best instrument to start with so
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00:13:36,170 --> 00:13:41,150
early children have to show the mental physical
and emotional readiness to learn an instrument
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like the piano which obviously takes a lot of
effort and commitment in my experience very few
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00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:52,910
children under six are able to take on that kind
of challenge well I think children of that age
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00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:57,620
can learn to play simple tunes on the piano when
they soon progressed to more complicated pieces if
145
00:13:57,620 --> 00:14:02,420
they could read music but a rather academic
approach will turn children off for life if
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00:14:02,420 --> 00:14:08,960
they're not ready for it enjoyment has got to be
the priority well enjoyment is certainly important
147
00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:20,590
extract two out of an interview with a rock
climber called Ben so Ben you're well-known
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00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:25,990
in the climbing world as a bit of a loner you
prefer climbing without other people is that
149
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:32,140
true well to some extent I've always talked
to other climbers about the technical side
150
00:14:32,140 --> 00:14:37,270
of things training
equipment and things like
that but at the end of the day you've got to
151
00:14:37,270 --> 00:14:42,340
learn independently through trial and error
if you're climbing in a group you'll always
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00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:47,650
compare yourself to others and that doesn't
always help you to improve it's good to admire
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00:14:47,650 --> 00:14:53,590
other climbers but different things work best
for different people so you never climb with
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00:14:53,590 --> 00:15:00,340
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
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00:15:00,340 --> 00:15:04,720
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and haven't done
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00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:09,790
much winter climbing so I still feel out of my
depth climbing alone on rock face is covered
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00:15:09,790 --> 00:15:15,340
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
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00:15:15,340 --> 00:15:20,440
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:31,860
so Ben you're well-known in the climbing world
as a bit of a loner you prefer climbing without
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00:15:31,860 --> 00:15:38,790
other people is that true well to some extent
I've always talked to other climbers about the
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00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:43,710
technical side of things training equipment
and things like that but at the end of the
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00:15:43,710 --> 00:15:48,990
day you've got to learn independently through
trial and error if you're climbing in a group
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00:15:48,990 --> 00:15:54,660
you'll always compare yourself to others and that
doesn't always help you to improve it's good to
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00:15:54,660 --> 00:16:00,930
admire other climbers but different things work
best for different people so you never climb with
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00:16:00,930 --> 00:16:07,680
other people as far as possible I climb alone but
occasionally I look to others for support when I
166
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:12,000
was younger I used to do most of my climbing
during the summer holidays and I haven't done
167
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:17,100
much winter climbing so I still feel out of
my depth climbing alone on rock faces covered
168
00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:22,650
in ice when it's dangerous like that you need
people who've been brought up with it it's good
169
00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:27,750
to have people around to advise you on what's
a safe maneuver to make in the circumstances
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00:16:30,610 --> 00:16:38,380
extract three you hear part of an interview with
a restaurant critic called Amanda downing you're
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00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:43,330
such a household name it must be terrifying for
staff when you go into a restaurant how do they
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00:16:43,330 --> 00:16:49,300
react it's true that a lot of people know me at
least in the restaurant world so I always eat
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with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
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00:16:55,390 --> 00:17:01,510
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
175
00:17:01,510 --> 00:17:07,329
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
176
00:17:07,329 --> 00:17:13,659
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
177
00:17:13,660 --> 00:17:19,420
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
178
00:17:19,420 --> 00:17:24,430
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
179
00:17:24,430 --> 00:17:29,980
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
180
00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:35,170
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
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00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:41,170
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
182
00:17:41,170 --> 00:17:46,480
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
183
00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:51,370
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
184
00:17:56,320 --> 00:18:01,720
you're such a household name it must be terrifying
for staff when you go into a restaurant how do
185
00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:07,870
they react it's true that a lot of people know me
at least in the restaurant world so I always eat
186
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:13,990
with a friend and they'll make the booking often
though I get recognized and when that happens it's
187
00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:20,110
inevitable I suppose that they take a bit more
care over serving the food and some seem a bit
188
00:18:20,110 --> 00:18:25,930
nervous I've never been given a complimentary meal
though or anything like that that would be just
189
00:18:25,930 --> 00:18:32,260
too obvious and of course it could be considered
unethical to accept a gift like that and what
190
00:18:32,260 --> 00:18:38,020
makes a good restaurant a good restaurant is one
where the management and waiting staff have given
191
00:18:38,020 --> 00:18:42,670
some thoughts why their customers are their most
restaurant owners believe that the main reason
192
00:18:42,670 --> 00:18:48,580
people go to restaurants is for the food for
that completely wrong the main reason people go
193
00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:53,740
to restaurants is to have a good time not because
they're hungry so there might be a big difference
194
00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:59,650
between the priorities of a restaurant and the
priorities of diners for example one thing that
195
00:18:59,650 --> 00:19:05,050
a restaurant gets judged on is the quality of
service what restaurant owners think is good is
196
00:19:05,050 --> 00:19:09,970
service that is efficient but what customers
have as their priority is friendly service
197
00:19:12,260 --> 00:19:19,670
unit for recording sex so how on earth did
they manage to get in there's no sign of a
198
00:19:19,670 --> 00:19:25,640
forced entry well I suppose they could have got
in through a window up on the fourth floor but no
199
00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:29,900
one would have dared climb up the outside of
the building anybody trying to do that would
200
00:19:29,900 --> 00:19:33,740
have been seen from the street below you don't
think they would have been able to jump from
201
00:19:33,740 --> 00:19:39,050
the block across the road do you now is much
too far of course there's always a fire escape
202
00:19:39,050 --> 00:19:43,940
around the back of the building they could have
climbed up there reasonably easily but after that
203
00:19:43,940 --> 00:19:49,580
they might have been lowered by rope from the
roof if that was the case people living in the
204
00:19:49,580 --> 00:19:55,490
block of flats behind the museum might have seen
something so we need to talk to them right but
205
00:19:55,490 --> 00:19:59,660
we needn't interview everyone in the block just
the people who have windows facing the museum
206
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I'll arrange that if it wasn't a window the only
other possibility is that they went in through
207
00:20:05,690 --> 00:20:11,930
the front door perhaps they forced the lock but
the door didn't appear to be damaged at all and
208
00:20:11,930 --> 00:20:17,120
the entry code is supposed to be known only by
the security guard so someone else must have
209
00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:22,220
opened the door from the inside only the security
guard was allowed to stay in the museum after it
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00:20:22,220 --> 00:20:27,200
closed do you think they somehow persuaded
him to let them in maybe they just knocked
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on the front door and he opened it they surely
wouldn't have done something as stupid as that
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do you think he might have been expecting them
and that he was part of the gang but then why
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would they have attacked him I don't know but
we better find out what we can about that guard
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as soon as possible now who was it that raised
the alarm it was the head cleaner who went into
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the building early this morning he must have to
know the entry code too yes maybe he says the
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front door was unlocked when he got here but
he claims he didn't see anything else unusual
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until he got at a fourth floor but of course he
might be lying yes he must know that he ought
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to have called the police as soon as he found
the door open I wonder why he didn't I think
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we should talk to him again I suppose he could
be hiding some information from us and he might
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be prepared to tell us more if we put a bit of
pressure on him the other puzzling thing is how
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they took the paintings away apparently they're
very big so the rubbers must have had to bring
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a van around to the front of the building but the
driver must have been waiting nearby and drove up
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when they've got the paintings they could have
loaded the paintings up very quickly and might
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have driven straight to a port or airport anyway
the forensic team should have finished examining
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the
building by now once they've done that I
think we should go and look around for ourselves
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unit 5 recording 7 right perhaps you could tell
me something about how you got interested in
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environmental science and what experience you have
in the subject well I've always been fascinated by
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plants and animals and then last year a friend of
mine Mike Proctor invited me to Brazil he's the
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head of a project there run by a European charity
the charity's aim is to help groups of villagers
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set up their own schools and medical centers
they also encourage sustainable agriculture
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and the setting up of businesses to sell local
handicrafts anyway it was during my stay that I
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really began to understand the impacts of climate
change I want to learn more about this and more
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generally how decision-making on environmental
issues in one part of the world can affect the
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lives of individuals elsewhere you say you began
to understand the impact of climate change could
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you give me an example of what you saw in Brazil
that influenced you yes of course we've all heard
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about the destruction of the rainforest and I
was able to see examples of that but also people
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don't realize that the climate in the region
is changing and that the speed of change is
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frightening there's been a drought there for a
number of months and river levels are low I had
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direct experience of this when I travelled with
Mike having responsibility for the whole project
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in the area means that his job involves travelling
to some pretty remote areas sometimes we had to
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go by boat to get to some of the villages and we
had to carry the boats because there wasn't enough
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water in the river and is this change affecting
the lives of local people a huge amount the main
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problem has been the effect of the drought on food
supplies the majority of people there are farmers
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and all of them have lost animals and crops the
charity's projects has been a success so far in
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the levels of income from the sale of handicrafts
have increased but of course financial success
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isn't everything it's hard to imagine a future
without farming in an area like that your trip
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to Brazil sounds like an amazing experience and
since you've been back have you done anything
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to develop your interest in the area yes read a
book about energy conservation and how this might
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slow down climate change and I was particularly
interested in how the Netherlands has begun to
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tackle the problem the government has introduced
some really interesting projects on energy saving
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in cities the use of low-energy light bulbs to
reduce the consumption of lighting energy better
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insulation for homes and things like that there's
also a massive recycling scheme which is saving an
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enormous amount of waste what's needed now though
is to expand work like this across the world mmm
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and what are your plans for the future what do you
want to do after you've left college actually I'd
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like to go into politics we've got some how to
persuade governments in developed countries to
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change their priorities for example even if just
a small percentage of the money spent on the arms
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trade could go into tackling climate change I'm
sure we could make a difference and you think
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that as a politician you'd be able to do this I'd
certainly like to try before we finish have you
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got any questions about the course here at the
college mm-hmm I've noticed that statistics is
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included in the course I'm a bit concerned about
that I wouldn't worry about it you'd be able
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to get by with a reasonable knowledge of maths
oh that's very reassuring I also wanted to ask
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about the field trip for second-year students
okay second-year students go to Nepal in June
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looking at the ecology of mountain environments
well that sounds like a fantastic opportunity
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unit six reporting eight speaker one I took
up running a couple of years ago until then
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I did a bit of sport at school but I didn't do
much outside school at all in fact I suppose I
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didn't have many interests except playing computer
games then I went to watch my uncle in a 5k Fun
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Run it was to raise money for charity I thought
the whole event was brilliant and every one of
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there seemed to be enjoying it there was another
fun run later in the year and I signed up for a
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laugh I didn't do any proper training for it just
a bit of jogging around the park after school so I
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was really surprised when I managed to run all
the way now I run nearly every day and I get a
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lot of satisfaction out of it my friends all think
I'm crazy none of them like the thought of running
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long distances I think about all kinds of stuff
when I'm running and I know it's really good for
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my heart and lungs sure some people get running
injuries but I've been lucky I've had none so far
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speaker 2 I'd never really thought about
exercising keeping fit until a couple of
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years ago my boyfriend and I were in town late
and we had to run to catch the last bus home just
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a couple of hundred meters by the time we got to
the bus stop both of us were completely exhausted
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on the way home we started talking neither of us
did any exercise and I didn't do much with my free
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time just reading magazines and eating biscuits by
the time we got home we'd each decided to take up
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a different activity for six months and see who
could lose the most weight my boyfriend joined
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a gym and I started running in the local park
just a few hundred meters at first and gradually
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building up now I run a few kilometres each day
of course that takes up quite a lot of time and
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my boyfriend moans about that sometimes but after
I've been sitting up a computer all day I can't
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wait to go out for a run we certainly both got
a lot fitter and I've lost a lot of weight not
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all the effects are positive of course I've had a
few problems with sore knees and sprained ankles
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I suppose all exercise carries some risks but
there isn't much evidence that running causes
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major problems if you warm up carefully and have
good footwear it's one of the few sports where no
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special equipments needed just a pair of running
shoes speaker3 I had three older brothers and I
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think they could all have been Olympic athletes
if they'd had the opportunity so it was quite
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natural that I would go out running with them
I think I started at about the age of ten and
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I've been running regularly all my life now that
I'm getting older I go out running every couple
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of days but if the weather's bad I might go
all week without a run I certainly go out a
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lot less during the winter well who would
want to go running on a horrible rainy day
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inevitably you get a few injuries too everyone
gets aching muscles after a long run and I used
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to get back pain occasionally but surprisingly
I seem to have fewer injuries now than when I
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was younger maybe it's because I run more slowly
actually I feel a lot healthier and I even sleep
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a little better after I've been out running but I
think the best thing for me is the social contact
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we've got a running club in our village I moved
here when I retired and before I join the club
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I had very few friends who live nearby now many
of my closest friends are the runners in the club
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next
spring were all going to Madrid to run in
a marathon for over-60s only of course we know
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that not all of us will finish but you can be sure
that every one of us will have a really good time
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my aim is to complete the course and do it in
less than six hours but I know it won't be easy
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unit six recording nine exam practice listening
part two you will hear a woman called Janet Naylor
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talking about her experience as a volunteer
in Tanzania for questions 1 to 8 complete the
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sentences with a word or short phrase earlier
this year I fulfilled a lifelong ambition of
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mine by working for three months as a volunteer
in an African country I'm in my late 50s now and
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I don't have the commitments that have previously
held me back like bringing up small children I've
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worked in marketing for much of my life and I
wanted to use the skills I have to help out in
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a small way I applied to do voluntary work a
couple of years ago but it wasn't until about
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a year later that a suitable scheme came up and
I was asked to go the reaction of my friends to
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the news was very interesting the majority of
them told me how impressed they were and a lot
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said that given the opportunity they'd like to
do something similar although I must say that
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some of them were not so keen when I told them
later about how basic the conditions were but
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a few clearly disapproved of what I was doing
they argued that I was patronizing Africans by
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intervening and telling them how to run their
lives but I saw it rather differently it's
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true that in an ideal world development scheme
should be set up by the communities themselves
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that they're going to benefit but sometimes local
people don't yet have the necessary skills to make
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them effective and need some kind of outside
expert support such as international agencies
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and that's where I came in I was an advisor to a
scheme based in a village of about 200 people in
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Tanzania it involved building concrete tanks to
capture water during the wet season with the aim
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of reducing the problem of drought during the
rest of the year with better irrigation would
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come more reliable crops so that the villagers
wouldn't be so dependent on international aid
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the problems they were getting really serious
there had hardly been any rain in the area for
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the previous three or four years the whole region
was on the brink of starvation and handouts from
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charities were the only thing that kept people
alive the scheme had been underway for less than
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a year when I arrived and my brief was to suggest
ways in which the villagers could market any Agri
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cultural production that was surplus to their
own requirements any food that they didn't need
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themselves I've heard now that the village is
making money from its crops by selling them in
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other parts of Tanzania and even exporting some
produce and it's built a primary school and a
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small Health Centre it's very gratifying to know
that the scheme has completely transformed its
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prospects and the village is now well on
its way to becoming a thriving community
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now listen to part two again
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unit seven recording ten in the studio today we
have the novelist David Bharath whose most recent
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00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:40,070
book a woman alone was published last week welcome
to the program David thanks for inviting me now
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00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:45,230
David you came relatively late writing didn't
you well I suppose had always been a writer
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poems short stories and so on but only that close
family had read anything I'd written until I had
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my first novel published in my only Fortas and how
did you feel about that oh I felt fantastic having
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my first book published at that time you were a
primary school teacher in your native Scotland at
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what stage did you leave teaching until my third
novel was published I was happy to teach during
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the day and write in the evening at at weekends
but I found that there wasn't enough time to do
340
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both as well as I wanted to so I left teaching and
I started writing professionally some of my close
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friends thought I was mad to give up my job and I
was greatly relieved but my subsequent books sold
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quite well so no regrets about leaving teaching
oh it was the most difficult decision imaginable
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I'd worked at the same school for about 15 years
and I felt bad leaving the children and also some
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very close colleagues and friends but I still
lived near the school and I go back on every
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possible occasion tell us something about the
process of your writing how carefully do you
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00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:49,820
outline the story at the very beginning before I
start writing I always know how a book is going
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to end although I rarely have a clear idea at the
beginning of how the characters will develop as I
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write gradually they grow into real people in
my own mind but sometimes even I'm surprised
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at how they turn out and what about your daily
work routine I suppose I'm fairly disciplined
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in my writing I'm generally up at about 7:00 in
the morning and I usually start work by about 8
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o'clock I work upstairs we've converted our
attic into a study in the early stages of a
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new book I'll often go to the city library in the
afternoon to do some research you don't use the
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internet as a rule I prefer finding information
from books and I only turned to the Internet as
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a last resort let's go on now to your latest
novel a woman alone I was surprised to find
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it set in Norway yes I finished my previous book
last January had been feeling really tired and I
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00:34:39,199 --> 00:34:45,419
was aware that I needed rest and the source of
fresh ideas I taught English in Sweden after I
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left University and I still speak Swedish quite
well but I hadn't been to Norway before there
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00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:56,130
are a lot of historical links between Norway and
the north of Scotland so I decided to spend some
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weeks there some of the geographical setting
is used in a woman alone are based on places
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I've visited while I was traveling around and a
woman alone seems to be more personal than many
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of your other works I'd already decided that
I wanted to write about a single-parent family
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as you may know my sister and I were brought up
by my mother on her own the mother in the story
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Elsa is very protective of her children as was my
own mother but although they have certain common
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characteristics Elsa is not really modelled on
my mother Elsa is quite a dominant figure and
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a woman susceptible to periods of depression
whereas my mother was a rather gentle woman
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it all was calm and when you're researching
and writing books do you have time to read
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other people's novels I do yes one novelist I
greatly admire is William Boyd you write simply
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but with great control of language I've just
finished his excellent novel Restless it's a
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quite remarkable story I'll certainly add that
to my list of books to read and what about your
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00:35:55,650 --> 00:36:01,170
present writing project what are you working on
now well I don't know if I can tell you yet I'm
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still sketching out the plot so it's very much
in the early stages and know there'll be a lot
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of people waiting eagerly to get hold of it David
Barras thank you for talking to us my pleasure