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Therefore, allowing euthanasia is tantamount to playing God, a serious offence in most religious
doctrines. The ?rst is not starting or discontinuing medical treatment that has no foreseeable bene?t
for a patient, as in a situation where physicians agree that continuing a treatment will not lead to a
cure or an acceptable state of health for a patient. From this argument, euthanasia serves the interests
of the affected patient because ending the life prevents prolonged and further suffering. So go
through them to understand a complete concept of euthanasia before making a perspective on it. In
this paper, I propose to put forward arguments about why I believe that active Euthanasia should not
be legalized. Opponents of euthanasia have presented various arguments on why the practice should
be not be legalized. It is an argument that has many forms, but the main thrust of the argument is the
claim that once we begin to kill others who have requested death, we will find ourselves sliding
down a slope that leads to killings that no one wants (Singer, 1995). Active voluntary euthanasia is
legal in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Physicians must self-report their cases on
of?cial documents to a central committee. In case of individuals suffering from incurable diseases or
in conditions where effective treatment wouldn’t affect their quality of life; they should be given the
liberty to choose induced death. Proponents of euthanasia have advanced various arguments
pertaining to why the practice should be legalized. What is that it simultaneously be recognized as
constituting development and economic demand for their own activities with a reservation value but
from their menu of emoticons how ridiculous is that. In these years since 2009, 1249 persons
registered with an advance directive. The nurse professional will be armed with enough information
even explaining the pros and cons by use of the ethical codes hence convincing the parties of the best
ways to solve the ethical dilemma they are presented with or providing them with enough guidance
for them to make their own final decision in regards to the ethical dilemma they have been presented
with (Parker, 2007). The second reason that utilitarian principles do not work very well when applied
to acts of behaviour is that most people are very biased in their judgement of happiness. How can
you guarantee that all possible consequences have been considered prior to action being taken. It
could be a bad phase of life that can improve with time and might it be possible to have a good time
as well. After reporting every case is to be reviewed by one of ?ve Regional Euthanasia Evaluation
Committees, each consisting of a lawyer, a physician, and an ethicist. Dr. Death. Alma mater.
University of Michigan(B. S., M. D.)Occupation. Physician, painter, author, musician. Let us write or
edit the research paper on your topic. The family went through many courts but in the end her
husband won and her feeding tube was removed. Euthanasia - Argumentative Research Paper Topics
- EssayEmpire. In treatment decisions at the end of life the dilemma in applying these principles
often revolves around what course of action will promote the patient's best interests. Medical
researchers have established a threshold for distinguishing euthanasia from other closely related
practices. This essay tries to prove that Euthanasia is immoral. Name: Institution: Course: Tutor name:
Date: July 1, 2013 Should Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide be Legalized. Maintaining a
cordial doctor-patient relationship is one of the major important foundations in medicine (Boonin,
2000). Emotional pain is much less controllable than physical pain. It is upon this foundation that one
could for this section will focus on special stakeholders interests in euthanasia. Instead conditions
like Alzheimer's involve emotional pain.
This condition has become institutionalized, by establishing regional chapters of specially trained
physicians to perform that task, the so-called SCEN physicians: Support and Consultation on
Euthanasia in the Netherlands. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. After reporting
every case is to be reviewed by one of ?ve Regional Euthanasia Evaluation Committees, each
consisting of a lawyer, a physician, and an ethicist. However, this concept has been debatable for a
long time, with its opponents holding to their position that Euthanasia should be discouraged and
prohibited while its proponents argue that it is the only way to end the agony of pain and distress.
The format that this paper will utilize is to first highlight some main points regarding euthanasia
such as legality, definitions, etc. To the caretakers of the terminally ill patient, euthanasia saves
unnecessary expenses and psychological distress of observing their loved one in a hopeless and
painful situation. A central argument is fear for abuse of the practice and a “slippery slope” with
respect to the acceptable indications. The ?rst is not starting or discontinuing medical treatment that
has no foreseeable bene?t for a patient, as in a situation where physicians agree that continuing a
treatment will not lead to a cure or an acceptable state of health for a patient. Allowing physician-
assisted dying (PAD) will send a message to society of the devaluation of human life. The Journal of
Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. Instead conditions like Alzheimer's involve
emotional pain. This argument maintains that both types amount to the death of a patient and if
passive euthanasia could be morally justified, active euthanasia could be done the same as well. It is
a national and international scandal that so many people do not get adequate pain control and
although voluntary euthanasia may help aleviate the pain that may come from seeing a loved one or
being the one in pain, killing is not the answer to that scandal. And physicians will give in to
pressures of cost containment within an increasingly expensive health-care system. However, modern
medical care has relevant facilities to provide comfort and dignity to a dying patient without the
need of legalizing euthanasia. Dr. Death. Alma mater. University of Michigan(B. S., M.
D.)Occupation. Physician, painter, author, musician. So make sure that you are seeking this help to
submit your research paper assignment work on time to the professors. Even though the major
objective remains the same, PAS and euthanasia are implemented differently. Whether an action is
right or wrong will therefore depend on the motives for the action. The major arguments presented
by proponents of euthanasia include autonomy, mercy, public policy, best interests’ arguments and
golden rule. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel
Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. Finally, refusal by a mentally astute individual to take life
saving treatment is not considered as euthanasia because the physicians cannot compel an individual
to take medication against his or her will (Care, 2010). In the Chabot case (1994) the Supreme Court
adopted the rule that the cause or the source of suffering, being either somatic, psychic, or otherwise,
in itself should not be decisive, but rather the seriousness or depth of it. Literature Review Care
(2010, p1) defines euthanasia as “deliberate killing by an act or omission of an individual whose life
is considered not to be worthy of living”. A more practical argument supporting euthanasia is that it
is practiced anyway. An independent collegial consultation on the legal conditions must take place.
The coalition government, including Christian parties, decided to depoliticize the issue in 1990 by
inaugurating a committee with the task to produce an inventory of all medical decisions at the end of
life, the so-called MDELs. It also opens the doors for abolishment of other safeguards like the one
for physical pain as terminations of many incurable conditions i. Last year he got a committee of
doctors, the Physicians of Mercy, to lay down new guidelines, which he scrupulously follows.
Although these allegations have not resulted in any significant legal action it the article did indicate
that at least in the British context a poll indicated that people’s opinions are split evenly on the matter.
Certain characteristics are so stigmatized that the public views those people with these characteristics
as being better off dead; that is, the quality of life is so low that no life at all is a preferable option.
Euthanasia - Argumentative Research Paper Topics - EssayEmpire. Special consideration must be
given for doctors perspectives on the practice of euthanasia insofar as these medical professionals
often have to actively assist in euthanasia. Further equality and justice demand that the range and
options from which proxy decision makers may choose must not be constrained more narrowly than
the range which is available to society in general. Related to the slippery slope argument is the claim
that, even if it were possible to draw appropriate boundaries and legalise euthanasia, it would never
be possible to provide sufficient safe guards to prevent abuse. Being a native, a visible minority,
being white, being black. The purpose of euthanasia is to abolish physical pain. For chronic
psychiatric patients there is also a growth that is re?ected in the numbers. Jack Kevorkian didn't seek
out history, but he made history. His work tended toward the grotesque and macabre; he sometimes
painted with his own blood, and had created pictures such as one. Ethical systems of thought always
encounter problems. It is difficult sometimes to define what is good. In society, the practice is
perceived as mercy killing and is used in circumstances where a patient experiences extreme
suffering especially from a terminal disease. Several options are therefore lawful, these include,
withdrawing life-sustaining treatment; withholding life-sustaining treatment; DNAR orders; and
given pain killing drugs that may shorten life. The end of life should be experienced because the end
has lessons to be experienced and because suffering is God-given. However, modern medical care
has relevant facilities to provide comfort and dignity to a dying patient without the need of
legalizing euthanasia. Certain research and arguments need to be given to cope up with such sensible
situations. Is this the right thing to do to an innocent woman. They are expected to make decisions
about involuntariness without having to see those close to the patient who may be exerting a variety
of pressures, from subtle to coercive. From this point of view, it is more humane to instigate
euthanasia on a severely suffering and terminally ill patient, rather than subjecting such an individual
to longer period of more pain and distress. This was highly significant, as all of his earlier clients had
reportedly completed the process themselves. Minority-based attempts at regulation in several
countries in Europe and the USA can be observed since the nineteenth century. Did you know that
many of Kevorkian's cases are not terminal. Another very persuasive objection to euthanasia is the
so-called 'slippery slope' argument. This implies that there is no sufficient reason for a patient to feel
that he or she is suffering unbearably. Critics say marijuana is a gateway drug, but honestly,
everything could be considered a gateway drug. People. Scholars can use them for free to gain
inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing assignments. Kevorkian, however, suggest that
though many had a worsening illness. Therefore, if another person is willing to terminate the life of a
suffering person, then the patient is obliged by the rule to let another suffering individual to choose
euthanasia too. John's Hospital, said Kevorkian's methods were unorthodox and inappropriate. The
assessment of suffering without such a source, as in “suffering of life without meaning,” is not
deemed to be within the medical domain.
Where there are openings for assisted-dying, the option of assisted suicide is preferred, but when
both practices are legal, the overriding choice is for euthanasia. You may also argue that it provides a
way of life when a personal quality of life is low but how can we assess as to how low your quality
of life is. There’s also another problem as the word terminal is very controversial as there isn’t a
defined meaning to how long. Dossetor 'Preserving dignity use of personal directives made in
Advance for decision making in healthcare' states. This means that generally they are keen to put
enormous resources into prolonging a person's life irrespective of the. However, it is against medical
ethics to help a patient undertake euthanasia because it defeats the logic of medicine. Euthanasia
conducted with the consent of the patient is termed voluntary euthanasia. This is because I find
Euthanasia to be against the individual right to life, and its legalization can open floodgates of the
murder of innocent people under the pretext of Euthanasia. In the Chabot case (1994) the Supreme
Court adopted the rule that the cause or the source of suffering, being either somatic, psychic, or
otherwise, in itself should not be decisive, but rather the seriousness or depth of it. KNMG condoned
killing of patients in persistent comaj) Anorexics should have the right to starve themselves to death
according to Birmingham University Lecturer Dr. Peter Singer, past president of the international
bioethicist society (Practical ethics 1. So, for example, if a patient commits suicide by taking an
overdose of tablets you have left by the bedside for that purpose, you could be found guilty of
assisting suicide (under the Suicide Act 1961). This is so because these codes are the ones that guide
the behavior, actions and final choice a nurse is going to undertake when it comes to a patient’s
health condition. On the other hand, euthanasia is a type of killing which is normally performed
without taking the permission of the patient. They include religious, medical ethics, “slippery slope”
and the alternative arguments (Thomasma, 1996, 73). The option of PAD increases the quality of
dying, intensi?es family relationships, and effects lower grief reactions in the surviving families and
friends. In Belgium a group of trained consultants has been established, comparable to the SCEN
organization in the Netherlands, known by its acronym LEIF, Life End Information Forum, available
for consultation and support in helping requesting physicians on any aspect of a euthanasia route.
The average cost of euthanasia is somewhere around 40 dollars, while the complete care for a dying
patient normally costs ten thousands of dollars. There are different schools of thought regarding the
function of professional ethics. Firstly, i'll discuss the benefit in legalizing euthanasia, for it is a good
way of ultimately relieving extreme pain when a persons quality of life is low. Further equality and
justice demand that the range and options from which proxy decision makers may choose must not
be constrained more narrowly than the range which is available to society in general. Keown, J
(1995) Euthanasia Examined: Ethical, Clynical and Legal Perspectives. Definitions have become
pivotal in the act of euthanasia. Proponents of euthanasia argue that its legalization. The law first
recognised the principle of double effect in the 1957 case of Dr Adams, who was accused of
deliberately increasing the dose of opiates used as pain relief in order to end the lives of patients
who has left him money in their wills. Its physicians, now more than 600, provide support for
physicians with questions and carry out the legally required consultation prior to euthanasia.
Moreover by withholding or withdrawing treatment one could also be considered as actively
assisting the act of euthanasia. Here as in some other Western countries, decisions to stop or not to
start treatments are no longer classi?ed as (passive) euthanasia, but called “death in the course of
nontreatment decision (NTD).” Neither are medical decisions to treat patients with severe symptoms
while foreseeing death also due to these treatments classi?ed as (passive) euthanasia but “death in the
course of alleviating pain and symptoms (APS).”. In a society, where we are brought up with the
credo of self- sufficiency, self- reliance and independence, the loss of personal autonomy is for many
people more horrifying than physical pain. Nowadays the word is more often used to describe the
deliberate ending of life. Today there are many areas in which this technique is being used by the
masses to help people in lowering down their troubles.
Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous
Carousel Next What is Scribd. The intrinsic value and personal dignity of every human being does
not change depending on their circumstances. To the caretakers of the terminally ill patient,
euthanasia saves unnecessary expenses and psychological distress of observing their loved one in a
hopeless and painful situation. Unless, the so-called 'substituted judgement test' is used. Public and
medical professional debates centered on many different ethical arguments, all without empirical
foundation. There are two main types of Euthanasia and these are passive Euthanasia, which is
practiced in the United States, and active Euthanasia, which is considered illegal but it is still
practiced by some physicians. His disabilities did not stop him; Odom got on a plane and flew to the
Supreme Court with other people with disabilities. Legalizing euthanasia undermines the trust the
patients have on the medical providers, a situation that could seriously undermine recovery
outcomes. But the danger for the disability community is that we broaden the application and the
circle of people. No matter the subject, difficulty, academic level or document type, our writers have
the skills to complete it. Ethics are the principles on individual uses, in order to make decisions in life
and when applying the values of a given profession. He just decided for his daughter when she was
older. In medicine, Euthanasia is seen as the opportunity for a person suffering from a fatal disease
to make an independent choice between painful life and premature death. The abolishment of the 1.
AIDS,. By the way infanticide as proposed above in many quotes is done quite regularly and
promoted not just by Singer. Kevorkian was sometimes alerted that the patient was unhappy for
reasons other than their medical condition. It would be inhuman and unfair to make them endure the
unbearable pain. Euthanasia, also called mercy killing, is the act of putting someone to death
painlessly or allowing a person or animal suffering from an incurable, especially a painful, disease or
condition Definition. We can only hope that his new trial to commence this fall will demonstrate
both compassion and justice for Mr. Latimer who has already suffered well beyond the
understanding of most in societyg) The Dutch health council proposed in March 1. The purpose of
this paper is to highlight the different ethical decision making processes and choosing the best of
these processes and applying it through explanation of its relevance in euthanasia dilemma for a
professional nurse. The argument of mercy is also one of the common opinions presented by
euthanasia proponents. If the patient were to request euthanasia such treatments would not be given,
thus saving a considerable amount of money. After this point it is logical to make consideration for
the history of Euthanasia. From this viewpoint, proponents argue that given that being “a human
being is not the actual moral concern; it follows then that life is not essentially precious or sanctified
because it is human life” (Thomasma, 1996, p63-65). The subject of truth telling at the sickbed was
?rst on the agenda, followed by desires for “death with dignity.” Within medicine the technological
possibilities to keep patients alive almost inde?nitely forced physicians to come to terms with the
limits of medical interventions and the wishes of individual extremely ill patients. Therefore,
authorizing the sick individual to end his or her life is an act of mercy. A more practical argument
supporting euthanasia is that it is practiced anyway. Now why is there a reluctance to see the killing
of a disabled child as murder. Therefore if killing the hemophiliac infant has no adverse effects on
others it would according to the total view be right to kill him. Legal knowledge with all its jargon is
not an easy task and it is confusing and not easily understood. This will include an analysis of the
theories and principles which guide healthcare practice and decision making, a discussion of the
relevant codes of professional practice and the legislation that may guide practice and decision
making.
Voluntary euthanasia is the easiest to justify on autonomy grounds - because it is based on a patient's
free and informed choice. The biggest argument in favor of euthanasia is that the person involved is
in great pain. What is that it simultaneously be recognized as constituting development and
economic demand for their own activities with a reservation value but from their menu of emoticons
how ridiculous is that. John's Hospital, said Kevorkian's methods were unorthodox and
inappropriate. Their greatest hope may be to have a peaceful and dignifies end. A shared or
communal aspect should be that the physician is in a situation of force majeure or emergency, not
really having an easy choice. The abolishment of the 1. AIDS,. By the way infanticide as proposed
above in many quotes is done quite regularly and promoted not just by Singer. The most important
current guidelines are Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (1997), General Medical
Council (2002) and British Medical Association (2001a, b). The relationship ensures that the patient
is able to trust the doctor, who is supposed to respond with compassion and utmost care to the
patient’s condition and concerns. Some medical conditions like Alzheimer's are not painful in the
same sense that the terminal stages of cancer are painful. It is therefore not surprising that various
professional bodies have issued comprehensive guidance on the basic moral principles that should
guide practice. Definitions have become pivotal in the act of euthanasia. Those who adopt this
doctrine insist that, whenever possible, human life should be maintained. With this information in
hand one must make final consideration to the legality of the issue. He was fed through a nasogastric
tube and lay in bed with his eyes open and his limbs crooked and taut. Several options are therefore
lawful, these include, withdrawing life-sustaining treatment; withholding life-sustaining treatment;
DNAR orders; and given pain killing drugs that may shorten life. He was often portrayed in the
media with the name of. Introduction Euthanasia remains one of the most controversial in the
society today. However, most doctors have never had a course in pain management so they're
unaware of what to do. This means that generally they are keen to put enormous resources into
prolonging a person's life irrespective of the. Although his definition appears to be straightforward,
there were other supporting factors that impacted the definition. In each of these cases, the
individuals themselves allegedly took the final action which resulted in their own deaths. For some
patients this means the right to choose their own death. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board
with our. This will include an analysis of the theories and principles which guide healthcare practice
and decision making, a discussion of the relevant codes of professional practice and the legislation
that may guide practice and decision making. Argumentative research paper on euthanasia Here is
the list of the. The ?nal conclusion and passage of the “euthanasia law” on March 16, 2009 is by a
majority vote of just one. The application of these agents in medical practice prompted a large
response around the 1870s with the desire to be applied to alleviate suffering of incurably ill
patients. Surely a terminally ill sufferer is better qualified to decide for themselves whether they are
better off dead or alive. Even doctors cannot firmly predict about the period of death and whether
there is a possibility of remission with advanced treatment.
Are there actually good reasons for making it legal. For example, Butler (2010) writing for the New
York Times indicated that decisions made earlier in the care. Of those asked approximately 32% had
complied wit these requests which averages approximately 12%. The second circumstance involves
prescription of pain killing medications, in situation where such medicines are known to have a
likelihood of causing premature or early death (Care, 2010). In order to save such torture, the head
of the intelligence branch gives orders many times to shot their team member dead that are trapped
on the hand of enemies. These results are sorted by most relevant first (ranked search). This
safeguard is taken away in many ways at the moment. The following is a brief account of the
practice of euthanasia in each of these countries. Literature Review Care (2010, p1) defines
euthanasia as “deliberate killing by an act or omission of an individual whose life is considered not
to be worthy of living”. The law prohibiting euthanasia was specifically reviewed and clarified by
the Michigan Supreme Court several years ago in a decision involving your very own cases, sir.
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 5(1), 62-76. Kappel, K.(2007). The morality of
euthanasia. In Canada, hospital stays are being shortened while, at the same time, funds have not
been made available for home care for the sick and elderly. The end of life should be experienced
because the end has lessons to be experienced and because suffering is God-given. As there is no
consent ability someone else will decide for the to be person and for the born infant. He was able to
breathe and digest food but could not see, hear, communicate, taste or smell. Advances in
neonatology notwithstanding the traditional tendency to safe life at all cost is increasingly being
tempered by the realization that invariable to act in favor of life is to discriminate against the young.
This will include an analysis of the theories and principles which guide healthcare practice and
decision making, a discussion of the relevant codes of professional practice and the legislation that
may guide practice and decision making. Finally, refusal by a mentally astute individual to take life
saving treatment is not considered as euthanasia because the physicians cannot compel an individual
to take medication against his or her will (Care, 2010). Surely a terminally ill sufferer is better
qualified to decide for themselves whether they are better off dead or alive. The application of these
agents in medical practice prompted a large response around the 1870s with the desire to be applied
to alleviate suffering of incurably ill patients. It could be done by taking certain good decisions by
the intelligentsia of society. Options for euthanasia must have been discussed in depth: thus after
complete information of the patients, requests must be repeatedly, a discussion with the team of
caretakers is a condition including a discussion with an appointed representative concerning the
patients’ choices at the-end-of-life and may include also others involved in the process of care-
taking. In the 1990s and before, the palliative care movement in general opposed euthanasia and did
not participate much in the public debate, as if there were two realities. Suggesting PAD itself may
have the effect on patients that their suffering is futile and may erode their courage to ?ght against a
disease. Opponents of euthanasia argue that the practice is against medical ethics and it defeats the
rationale of medical care. Signi?cant space is reserved for the shaping of a practice of active
euthanasia in three countries that as of 2015 have one, with extensive data on the Netherlands both
before and after the law on euthanasia and on Belgium and Luxembourg after legalization. Decision
making in health and social care cannot depend on simple principles like utilitarianism or logic but
nor can decision making be left to the beliefs what individuals have been brought up with, or
socialised into. To cap it all euthanasia is performed by the people having pessimism in their life and
we should not support such ideologies at any cost as they can engulf our societies within no time
along with our values. Within eighteen months of Measure 16's passage, the State of Oregon
announced plans to cut back on health care coverage for poor state residents. This is so because these
codes are the ones that guide the behavior, actions and final choice a nurse is going to undertake
when it comes to a patient’s health condition.