| v Wy = eee ! [- CRUSHING & GRINDING/ SIZE REDUETION/ COMMINUTTON, Propettics and Handling of Raticwlaty. solic ¢ ; = mong, the Wer ai ee > z 4 toa ay Cpe te mea ad baled belaa f " ma, oheradars Density ; mena. ox|reroedd, by tle prynbel ¢, & defined as te waar per suit veluues the aniho ane dau, Ailey pound cubie foot or arama her cubic centimeter, a Apectfic gravity ig the nobie ob the dawiiby of He malarial te He deaoitn of poe nehaence prbabance oY gy. «For polido and Mawicde te nefenence pubatance so inter at WO. For mock enoinreimo, oberakins the ab. Op WOH, be gwen Ana palnc nawot cal vole aa the denrity lw oymafec. hub Aue abecitic. ara is @ Aimensin tess apna : Rute (or ayparent) density, by Yo the tobal mace per unk of total volume. The bk demadtty do nob aw iudrimaic charadterake of the molerial. St varices witly the aige Aisi rukev of tho bankedlea and they envitonwmeek = The pereaitn, of He rclid Ueaelk and the metterial sstly uobicly the pores or wide one Hite alec Lufluence the bulk density. Her a aimgle won-torous barvlvcle the twre density equate the bad dewarhey » Hardness of ental pdlide auiclv aa wetalo amd plaitia ho invdentablevy « ‘Jhe-Avand ane ~ ain be defined an the neaidbance a 4 gem of a matyiah ts wavally, gn ees : . pearer Wy net abelian, aw be wanralluy, es ak pounerale iy le creasing acole, whl ie baad om a A ) handners numbers aah follows = ver T- 2- i ees : sigs 4. Take j 6. Felap av ste: / 2 Guypaum 2 Quant ® 3. Cobeite, 8. Toad Ah Fluorite q Cotunchumn 5. Apatite to Diamond Gachy wimeral Tw te Usk nil patch ot thoet af oa wo. being, BW Get comet faye. eae dt wwlirown Ahancners ip rubbed agpinel Ahaat tol wmatiniale and ‘te hardness io imdveated hy te pofat tuatenial which jot. acnakchea Ub. Anittleness sor Friabiiiry. nefera to the ease with which @ arbatawee man, fe broken by. tnpack - he barduere of ebnial to wet a nure eatlerton of ta brittleness « Hetw, nome Yarties and’ qipaum anc oft and tough anc anc wot easily, broken by, impact. Coat to ofl and aloo friable « Sota bitiny - de the invowe apelin to houghners . Toughwuee wo the jnobeity of mebale and allouye called impack pedvitance. The enptalline face and cmolal aige Utlrence the ptobility - nhe atrnchere aloo dchermined tha prope inko whic particles nakurally, break wlew pad yeched be a wek crating operation . for exanble, galena breaks inko enbea 5 wivca Tanke phate ; and magnetite ike owe wohak rounded fame qtduna » Thane eryptallina loue which ane aarily broker Ae called cleavage (lanee 7h aqeedilley, gyovckiten, acork, wecemanny, te frackure a waitee > ane of cleaveqe tame caw be adtirmrinad, exportment « Whew “ tehale ance alloys ona Arena. , hempwete tein Marla tes: takes place iw the cmyalakes buh Hae Wak bacak aban, UA Ciwtly dalorins toed ond onterte, one fbnows » do woh Penaeas Heavaqe ones amd do ust Chul madly , hw amc be tora, OF phnedded , Aiding, of material OG pimat 0 The co eicent, Of frictions the gehts of the force parallel to the purtace Of icin Uy the. | Anection of motion Mauined to athain a ceustark velocity Yo the force berbendionlan to the murtace of fickion ama \ Normal ty ls Aireclion of mation . 4. Tale or Steatite 7 Mq Hol Si03),, gr SMa. (S102). 4,0 2. Gy poum ZS0y, 240 3. halcite Cady y Plaorite 6 Fluorppaw Cary 6 x y 5 hpakihe (apatao, t deceive) 3G5 (Py) Fo ot Cas (POx).F 6 Felopan Ka0- M05. 65:0, CRotoaly Maver, arthoclans) - 6100 i Buorts - i Topas AL, Siu CF ,ON) 2 mia Alp03 ‘ ue _ ure! ee ee a . penteseet Bapeow ys Handling Of Particulate solids + Reahy is ofincd as the number A openings er Ginear inch ‘av a alandanc : AMEN , SRape tector s fer ablerca, cubes and cylinder (id=) eloped aw bath enca, Sp = S$. fer a particle Of amy alate, vp = aDe whine aio a {adler A aw the qeomebvie shape of the gonbide, anc sp = Sb2¢ where “E is @ similar factor. Sherefore, Stfoy = SBE Leo) 2 CA and 2 tv coded the aharpe factor, any Dy | Fer apleows, cuber ond cylinders (Lidet), Axi. @uk for all. thar. particles A ie quedler than 4. eee BY AD, & fquiralent Siametoy: Of @ mon-atheriaa yardich i defined a2 the diameter FG abhene having te game volume aa the particle « Sghoricity : The aphericity, die the nalio of the mumface ance of this athens to ihe x achucl muntace area of he pankicle, ' 4 She apberie STaeee detined a0 the naio of the punface ance * Of 2 aphire Inaving 48 name volume avtte yosticle tothe aclual murfacs area | of the particle under considenction « , For alt practical purgeaca, aphericity ‘ww io inverse to phabe heater | Ae %,! amd hence He values of ntrericitirs of Weqular, particles ane charge Nena Han 1. For the tne ahove- mentioned {reqular particles the values being Fer ruched maleriale ve between 076 and 0-8, bet toy fporticlsa nounded by abnarion, 6, many, he + aa high as 0°95. Sybericthy of Some Materials | [_Mataniel es | coak dust 073 7 a 25) c Blink and 065 ye oe oaa-oss] crashed dias ges Ranchiy amd = S| Mic flakes 0°28 | Rounded {gc 1 Tyler stondard Soveew Series: : Vide pre Surface aca of Particulate Bolicls : a Let the total mass of the panticls «im , density. « fi» aunface anca of eaah, panicle = sy, valume of each paulicle =p , no. of panficlio «W, diameter of tach particle (aame) = Dp and aphericity (rame) 4, , oR nf ON ea t Nop AY Let the total urface arca of she pavlicles be A, A> Ns =m, 6% esse 6 Ee Fo Tae 6m > BGee, [fp snail detrminalls im the lab., & fe Pee (ay erille fiom handbooks amd Dp from oreo amal ysis] Serface ana of mixed particle aisess 44 the porticls ane of various aizes (tut of aame mattovial ) a anreen analysis iv to be performed and different fractions ano obtained to which aneage diameter designations (2g. Dp , Dy. By) ave aasiqued according, bb the Differential Seren stalysis LOM My tinge Fy and the corresponding, diameter of the partichs By,» lao ince te particles ane from the aame malarial the p and will remain the pase. Applying G to each fraction, it may, be snitten, one Dy, = Sm Sma ge, Stn G47,” BAP #4 %, | ees! my ne iy ran = ope a ee Ree TH) E Bh SD, Phy, mi, Z HEA i replaced by hy, the specific muface area (ie. auyer ance of & pubatance) the expreraien araemnes te forte, tented mace of the cae 6 Se ey) 6X4 6K et PORE eee a eee oe 2 - “FHP Fh Phe a5) AA bt a : : ceed — mann fraction ow tacky ireereiment, a. nos of Uncreme calene, 7 = en =Bek Tylex standard Senecn Serer Slandend aorcans one uaed to menarre the sige of fronticles im the Age ve petween, about 3 and.a-0015", Jeating Aeves are made of the A pe neveans , the wneah and. cimenaiana of which ore conepelley atandardised. The openings ane ayanes tach an0cn is blerty ech me sneches pov arch. the actual openinga ane pmalle. tran Yroae cortesparding fo the meal, muanbera , because. of the thickness of the wires . he chanecteristies of the Tyler Standard acrerna ane ad follows : doch Mo chacepring, mm No, Chane J 6660 a ae 6 4°27 oe ae a sz! 100 ole . gas 200 107k this pet of aoe is baaed. on the opening of the golmead, acneen. hich ic atebliahed ob o-co7k om- The area of the opemingsin any, one , poet in the Anica exactly wise tak af the openings f. amaller pcan. The rttio of he ackuel mesh dimension of any Acrecn fo thet of the next small. aren io then Jet. Ser closer aise ‘termediate poreens wne aloo devised Latir, each of which ae ve kdimeanian 33 ot'1a7 Limes tra of the nes amatlen, piri Arent.Page No. «0m Qn. Marks Venwy 9-53 Mealy No. Opening ge, mm ae Me r168 WW a 7 aie 28 0-589 Hee die.) fn > 0295 208 = 45945 Bi sass 60 20-231) (caleuterted) im 7 362® Pfriage Raich sine: Whe average particle aige for a inode of particles is defieed peveral differen wap > Probably the moat maad ie the volume-curface mean diameter, D,, which to nelatech to the apecitic aurtace onea, Aro by the another son. : 4) 10 present the newts of armen anabyrBlang| Anak i called the crmulatove anoluyive spt dhis we obbained by Bddind, ervacerclively the individual inereients, abarting, with ‘Toke combainingn tha lakive sume a4 Arwaltect particles and tabuiationg of palling, Whe cum, ovat he svar c meme ferticle Siamaler inv tro Uveneiout, “he aeourts of the Aifferenial pereen Anolaprin one often fprereute oS & Wistograne itty a colinnona cwwe like the dashed Vine wad Ao Atpronimale the distribution. : Sra eameutahive analy the dala imran, tyroprictely be nemeen eA hy continuows cwwe. Cumetas oe Ae maa fro | Ko froction, foil > male x [i] | Us thom Dp Avenage diameter, Dp mw Farkicle sige dvametn, Dprom (moreaaing >) Creorenaing-->) Sw cumulative analysis the experiment is name aothe dil nential, ng Bre las ot cowrefictte chens’t 3, aa. He, dfn aah Mea Seteen ee a Cumubative nee ip to 6 3327 fy, (1000) Up t 40 651 Sat Up 20 0633 Seno upto 65 0-208 43 up to 100 OKT to Pon ae Sy i at € tech snow: he eninubatine amalysia is tus more reciae becouse the astumpien tak oll pavkdles wy animale facken one of eqpral sige is not mended ee.. Cushing efficiency + ° he natio of the amrface ey ahaorbeet by the pelid yas Nt Medueed bey ctudhing to the exergy, N= fs (Aub = fea) ie whut, ec: awace CNN bow unit ance, Nab = pbecitic punece one athe fnodack, 7g Awe = AR. aurtace ance ofthe feeck, Wn = energy abnorbed 4. 4/6 ose / Are solid, pig (ip an es . cs thaw that Ss fed 4 the machine fae ee, Of the imavin ae eae dy lie weed wh le ovecoms fdin wg + theretore, Wn, "Neh Afreemey of tre wackine), Ws Me ee (Aub — Asan) ine Tw HOT te feed nate, in fons/imin, the power neqyined lou the Ineachine , Pe 2000T eh - to//',000 na, Prtting, Mab & Ana ‘wv tems of volrunes purkece moan diameter [Ae oe 1 Pe 2000 Te é i it Dus + Dp. a Pel, Pu j 23,000.08 fe Gar Buea eases the morte Ae or aphowelty of the name material ' 1 ; , os o, 2 BAe en = Sa) , een mechanical, ansrayay efficiency w constant, This & korn ao the Rittinaers Law, / Wich aa a fnat alpproxumaliony Ae the achal crudhing ‘tn man, be at nee hey ent ype of wachine, to wed Apr eee a for chuck machines. he law bdda geod whew entre inet for unit mss a ya, pvbslamee io wot too great. ts Now aarumed that he smn pecs do nbegenderh of the nvge of the feed andthe Aueduck . oo rdBond crudingy bos and wot Under : & { Qaacel on aemilheotebical nenaoringy the fond terry (yropored ow 1952) propoaca that the work peqived do form particles of rise Dp fom vou, lange {eed is freberdivwal te dhe aquane rack ef auafaceto- wolune ratio of “he product t/op which vo equal te Serr Spow > which Ub followa that akan whicly drpendo ow te PK | here Ky ie a coms Tn Pd. type of-he wackine and he material hema erwares. Sua eels det eelakwaly oa cure, te Ain, mmadar frodack particles thaw clocs the Ritkingers base « he Bond las" wore nealiotic iw catimabing pacew neapine mere Fo use the above equation, % pork, index, Wi, defined aa dhe groans emery Ww kwh per tow (2,0004b,) of eek meeded to neice vow, henge feed to mrclv a size ‘hak 607, ob fae (roduck passes a {00~ micro ( 100 por) pore + Win Leada to a aclabuw bebween Ky anc WE SE Dp is aw Mas Paw Me and Tw town freon cow " : Gow yg, | Sous or, Ky = V4 We oHé «| yoox io : {Dp ws Uy wn, Fowl and Tuvctona | We Ky = Yoo xo PW O36? we 4 cof, ote heed Yomte & ‘neal Ae of Dp ord 80), of HH od a wmode ob Dpb tt. , gallows heh ® new, (t= PH) BO Ws (Fe= > Ee rss (T5R toa) B= oss? + CS a=) Abe aok der ‘cludes the frickow sw Hee. machine and the piwer dg quone frau dhenrale Werk, Sndicaa_fet_aome wn Lime above 12TH pauxite 878 Comene clinker 13°45 Guan WWI coke uae Gy pavers jock 6°73 Graniker Wns Phoathae te 9:92 12 Bh shaomavikei wages Laro : FR A crushing haw proponed by Riingee Uv 1867 Oi Tsk Ae ark, Mega. iw crushing, ais freforhtioneh cle the nase Aurface er generated . hig how, wheeler, achaolliy we more tan a lypethiais equivalent to the Al dowowk at efficleney a. te erushang corsa anc fora given wachine and Lead Imatlerial indehendent of the aigea of feed W tredect . Of the aplenicuhes of te feed ama te (roduch ane enpal andthe wechamical efficieney & esha , the varveus combouds canbe cambined’ inte a aiugle cenahaudh Ky amd RMingers Laws wo nitter, da ata ae ww =Kr( Deb ya) Kicks Law + Sw 1985 Kick freponed tat the work sequued foreruahing, a given mass of imakerich is cmohawk forthe sane veduchow ralio of the inihal anicle Aize te te Anal particle aise. Ths leads to the nelali Tom Kale Bs ghee KS @ caabant. ch Bolly Ritliwgers and Kicks lows fave Ceneaes to ably ever Limited tange of particle aige - They shes hase Virnitted wbilcty ‘& vad We We Les Cha ~ A @) ot = MeL ww) | eH, Nels 2 Mots te the feed tale, the ower neqds buy dhe machine iy Pe Win 2 tives (Aish ~ a) Vein Cahoulatow of Ait & hava fraier Seo Dey = mi e ada fs Stree Ee): previded the “Velin Pepe oa eed Ablenvedigs of + . = peduch orn the Ade. : Bi Bites oer er et Dvse ) = Xr GEE Deen Desaat corde, Arahon aceepits oie having, a volume- surface mean diametr of 0mm and discharges a product of volume -aunface mean diamelr of 79 mu» the, power neguired. to Lush ‘atl 489 hp. What would be the over eonstenfelion, if the sofeciy is nsdicced ty’ 10 Uhr. and the volume-auatace meen diamebs of the product to ee jen the aaime feed? dhe mechanical effécieney remdina hie hanared « . Solution: We know , “2 eee / f Pe pmaur ww hp- es thease ea ee Ar Duebe dia of product fe Desas dia of feeds dry this frdblens Pe ohp, Pea Dusa = GO wires Dusb = 7°S try Diusb= 6 mine Te124Y bw, T's 10 t/ha Oe el Phe ARG Ga Pf! (erat i Car Da or, 2 a Yo , ee “(Y Sums What is the $ 80}, of the @ §-in. acreon ? > seotona/ haven The power negdl. vs P= looxgg9 x12 (t x as F t 2 169-6 kil, Power’ hequined ty crush 100 £ |he. Seed pasiea a 9.44. of limestone Arrten and bo7 of the product (Wi for Limestone « 12-74) Dea = 2x 25'% = 50°8 mmm Dpb = 0125 x25 = 3175 mm Wi of limestone = 12-74. ~ th. . 45-175, pa)SCREENING SSS Sertening inls t00 ot mp Aurfece actin added. to the material being. treated for the jurpiese of washing the feuc matrial threugh -the acreer, the material that Ga evewize or pr openings cy fei to faa Thaough the aciwen is acfencd te fees material ane that «hich pasica Wtough the acreen referred te aa the underaize or minus matinial- fidusrial Serening -€qui pment eit renter, Equi pment ints five main t grigglizs, nevely Berening machines may be divided into five ma v sleet gris ay te t Abn i ens and qscilal rd saa shaking aciceny, vibrating acwens = Aig ees % mari Uping tee inch and coarst? while r0v a ‘ ee De np adie ot ara sestd fer above Jy inch doililig Ve et i “ a this coarse Aduge and alic down inte dhe i wreghes, Os accens ever this lew act ane confined enesal te the finer meshes belaw 4 mesh, nt he fiw ne el loting acwen ef n gi f" Epigglics consish of @ acl of furrallel tev» Att ‘ Apacaat Me endy ad seme predetermined opening . the kare may te rae nad Olander err vata wd pacts wre sage “pen the nate of the matrial trated . the ne clogging ot weedg- sre hepessidat with the wide base tpusard t W read nel a frequent ing of the parkctes lelecen the bar. Inverted noe a luce wou. tmpleyed «Bats ove facquently made of manganese tol nie cit the Grijyiley are frequently constructed abewt 3-4 ft © isaans oe B-10ff. in engi. Thane are widely ewed before « pis A ctusher in reck- or ereceusshing plants te neneve the fines bef noch or ore enters the other, . n 4 Ainisshies on be a acl of abetionaay ders or Vbrading oe Giehonany Gissly- is the aimplest of all atparaking devices and St bas Sxpensive. His normally limited dy te Acalping oF neugh acreening: of coy melerial and not satisfactory for meist ot alicky matirial the alope athe angle sith the herigontél varies detiseen 20 and 50 dequeea. Hat grizztics, in iohich Se teacd my tops of cit and ¢o, pices too barge toShancled ty the Stationary qrisslicg Of cower, difficult te chan. may not be tag complete. Vdoating grizzlies arc amply. bar qriggliea mounted on cecentiics, 40 that the entire asrem bly is given a back-anet - forth movement oy a peaitive circle thers, There are made by is-chalmers, Hewitt -Lbing Herdberg., Link Belt, Simplicity , Tyler ete, , fn some grgilia a cam erangoment Decipnecal movement o Grizdly: fart fa the parallel tars are iva horizontal pane, al bina, There ane vace te retain occasional follorsing. planet equipment. reyuine no power and litle maintenance, His, ge the openings between the bar and te Seharation causes a alight lengths peuaiting better flees of matinal dear teins pearing over sheaves may replace the lara censtibcting chain guzshea thele more alalorat giles ae for Aomerchet alicky or chy -Mhe material . A rwugh fiquae for the eepiacity of qrigghes is Appromsmately (06-150 teres of material por aquare fort of arta per 20 firs, Apacecl to give atout Lin. of lear opening . alternate bara, thacugh them and preventing clogging. then the bars areAtationary Screens: i Stationary screens are made of punched mclal plate of oe mech, anally act at an angle sith the hevigentel ute alewt 60% ‘thea Arenas au auibebl fer internitiont mall scale oprrations with send, gra vel seeal ete. tihen lange fonnage isle le handled vilnaking aucemay wed, Vibrating Sereens: The vibrating Shp esheels oy ahaft a adsegl oF double toder tension b rotating wetion is imparted to the serene by means of eceenthrie a elect magnetic, many, Jf complete gewen may have at hiple screens. The wine nciecns arc held ts place y the clamps ancl aupperled on the vibsating frame. ‘the ahafl 4 aubborted on the alationary frame. Rotation of the abeft molion in the vertical plane. these soreena ane operated with a fereney of Vitnation of rctation of about 1200 to 1600 per min. Tey au widdly sued for dry aciening of particles from 1" down to ateut 35-mtsh af an angle of alent 20 Yer wel soicining the angle is atdueed & ebeut 5 oF 10°. Heawsally the fecd enters the tep Of the screcis, but sometimes ik is founcl cestiatle fo feed af tee lower end of the acreen and discharge at the top. givea the screen a circular The capacity of a Vibrating wowen varies widely sith the tha. of the makerial trated from 2tons/ft2/29 few, for watevial auch 41 damp slay oF podertd soap, Up to 30 bons/fP2/ 2H to, fer dry mete. mal auch ai coke om screens of akout 6 10.8 mesh, racter Oscillating Screens: These acveens me characterised by a relatively loss apeed (300 - #00 eacillations /min.) ina plane essentially paradet bo the acaeen, The seuen is driven in arr oncillating path by an eccentric or other mechaniam attached to the Auppert of the acrcen, anally a vertical bar txtending from the top of the acreen bow. the aceen oe holds a number of screen elotha nesta ant bop Of one anctier and oncillcted by are eccentric» Mlany of there devices fanny a roars AMEN dinetly elas the screening clotis on which aber balls are place and theae bounce againat the lower surface Of the acreen lots asthe device oacillated.Reciprecating Sercens - oar desta fon, ne esstalre wanteew We ey ane dave be Ani b tha : my anu accent; wunedia ate peaeeny (eed end, The incliow exrica Atom gpstetory, Cchot at iwaia) ak She feed enc, be a necitrecati . WUrecaling wetion a Ae discharge evel. “Thee pentena ane wiually inclined abot 9°. Further sibtetion ment icawaed by including, nutter baile bela sbe active Actccr aunface - Tia tyye of aoweew % popular and udcely wach for peteming, Av chemicale down te abet soo meal. Snommels or Revolving Seretno Zonsiot of a nctew cylinder OF conical Ww ptm netaled cheut ab axio. Simple Tammels man, be amanged in avis ely Ake cundensige of the Krak posimay fe the pecond “wommmel ond Lndemige of te accra srominel te the Ahtad mels anc bulk wth pereena of dithenvent pisces thrswanot Ace Lengthy ander type) , he feed evening al the end of He Krak peters by this ey, Me fpomible, to ealheck materiale of dertrd Aiges from a png Hommel, Burk he of a. eomyound remimehs woke, Sometinea baw eratins ts nat ne alien’ aa that of he cempennd Memerel covtains jaee cr reve concentric agen aurdaces metudecl ov the naw ahah «ths ceey ahd AEMEENE asonncs ts the Umcrmeant and the Kveak she cate rwnoat . Neth, previa (er dhe scyarche nemevel ef dhe evecaige of aacly acreeniney prface he tenderaige of cacy acneeay becomes Ke ext pmodlan chebene. Ganical “hermmela hove the phape oh Truncaled cone and One generally, peourted aitly Whew aoned hewyrtak. Trowel ae oat elficienA fer coat pigca. The inckinetic of O Thowmel worn Krow chak 3h (fer wek acrtening ter 3” bee gock cA lenatty hehendinny, on the maton cf the wmalvial te be preceared. jee fe de pcretw of the “We capacity of the fromrel Liversaaed witly ivencased spect7 i 1 i of aitelion pte c pent where blinding acca ducte cxoiadinng bt maternal through the antey. Y the speed of ndlatiar is merranedt beyond te crilical ppeed , He meterial no lonqer corcades ovrthe acreen awfaet but is camitd anownd by the cenbvifugal forces She beat operating apeed ip wauatley abewt 0°33 be ond times the enitical speed, The enilical apecd of rclalion of a thommel mary be computed by tqucling the Aoree: of gravity tending te case the faaticle te fall to dr cenbidhugal forer tending to cauacahe fanticleto cov, the portrele around, mq © Beg B87) hee wry + meson (th), 2 aecelination aaah’ arose (4Afoee2) , ve veloc of raee ot of tench ine cinesaben pale (4t] ee), Dr Atameler of troinmel Cf): then Nemo, of nevsbubions of trrmmnel [oir TDN Day? oe DS qe % (TR) 7 2 Sow? > GOLD, 40.9 ont p? an D ine [é a = FIs Taking 4+ 3217 fUfaee? ab ace level, Ne G65/ID . — Wits compound chormmels dhe speed of nalelion ie uouctly. qemned bu tke diameter of te onbarde arveen. Troimmcls au wrually, chek Blo ine Arawekec , 5-8! iw lemgily and driven at 15-20 abn with a -5 Wp, meters. the trommel io beat avited fot maleniala from t,” Z2l* bn atize'