Chapter 5 Water H,O water : is the most common and essential oxide found in nature, it has chemical formula. [H,0] Ao doball 28 dank 25g LE guts 255 SuuS gill ga: clo! “[H,0 ] tiba,Sil dail Q\ where does the water compound occurs? 1. About 75% of the earth's surface. 2. It makes up 60% of trees. 3.70% of the body of an elephant. 4. About 95% of a tomato. 5. About 70% of our body is made up of water 6. Blood contains 90% of water. 7. The ocean consists of more than 97% water § alll Sya JSias oil / Ga » 23H ebas 40 %75 o> 1 Seat! 42 %60 JSi5 .2 aSeAll ou 40 70% .3 9.9 pblbll yo %95 Jo> .4 eball yo ygSty Lamm (50 %70% No.5 wala! 30 %90 ste pill sot .6 alall 30 %97 (0 3351 (yo Layorall 95s .7 CamScanner ~ ls &s.usalExplain \ The ocean consists of more than 97% water. because it is help in heat balance of the world . » eal (0 %97 30 HSI yo oral ysis / OG « Slat 3 Sylyoul yilgd 5 seluy ai Q\ How do we lose water? F elo shAs AS / os 1. in breathe etal 231 2. in sweat 0 3 2 3. In urination deal 3 Q\ molecules of water have hydrogen bond between them. Why? because, Two hydrogen atoms in water molecule form positive pole (anode) and oxygen atom forms negative pole (cathode), FSlal , dune oysum dlasly ala! lesson cpu \Uus Um go US yVSiy cll acim 68 Gr orstadll 5 GY [59S] Dall haat $525 pou 8539 [soil ] CamScanner ~ |92 &s.uaalHydrogen bonding : is attraction force which occurs between water molecules. welll Glam Gy Gad Ql byy 395 Ga deo ull dbul yl Q\ How is water prepared? Water can be prepared by the following methods : 1. Water is formed when hydrogen burns in air. This reaction is highly exothermic. 2H, + O,— 2H,0O + heat 2. Decomposition of simple sugar , give water when they are thermally decomposed. C,H.0,— 6C + 6H,0 3. When acids and bases react, they give salt and water as products. NaOH + HCI — NaCl+H,0 4. When hydrogen is used as a reducing agent for metal oxides, the products are elemental metal and water. CuO +H, — Cu+H,0 Sold pod ety aS / ws 2 4G GybIL clall judo (Say Sylyow syUo Jcladl lia clog! 8 Grosrsagll Sytry Loic elall ygSts 1 Ala 2H, +0,— 2H,0 + d3ly> 3 CamScanner ~ |92 saaLyle Sloat losic alall ghig Lewd sSull los .2 e195 S aldllg call xs ils pselgilly yolodl Jelad Losic 3 1995SF egy load! syuslSD JIGS Solas yr os sugll alasuias! sic 4 weleg gpaic $5 yo dyhe Olrxall Physical properties of water: 1. Pure water is colorless and tasteless. 2. It boils at 100°C. and freezes at 0°C. 3.under 1 atmosphere pressure (at sea level). Its density is highest at 4°C: 1g/cm3. 4. it's density decreases and volume increases whan water freezes. 5. water is only substance whose density is lower when it freezes 6. the water molecules is made up of two hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom. rela ESL A oSLosdl .Sladly gall eyse Ad! lal 1 dy gta 4>53 O wc sarisg Asgin 4>59 100 vic 1 .2 deys lel dls als (joull claus sotme sic) 1 gor bid cod 3 -Bew/e> 1 :digte Oleys 4 vic welall somis lotic damm slajrg a8lS fai 4 art Ladi WSUS Jai ll Bo gIl Salall go clall .5 SET 9 cyurmauS! Byb9 pro Idad hd yo alall Gligse 9S 6 CamScanner + Lise a suaallQ\ water is often called the universal solvent, Why? Due to its high dissolving capacity. FLilal q calla! Cydall aus! olall le Slay le WE / yu glgall le Astall 45505 Cus Water cycle : 1. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes and streams 2. The water vapor formed condenses in the upper regions of the atmosphere. 3. Vapor further condenses into larger drops which fall as rain. 4. This rain water slowly passes through the soil back to streams, lakes and oceans : dled! oyos Jolazdls Clyodly llaorall 0 clall Sis 1 ce Udall SoLall 8 yoStall clall sly AAs .2 «godt Sua! te Lalu Si Ib 6 Si jlo! BSay 3 see JSa Jolacdl I agai ddl ye elo steoill ole sai A 5 Oleosulls Slowdls CamScanner ~ l92 saaChemical properties of water: 1. Water reacts with active metals [ Li, K, Ba, Ca and Na J to give bases and hydrogen gas 2Na + 2H,0 ~ 2NaOH +H, Ca +2H,0 — Ca(OH), + H, 2. Less active metals such as iron and zinc react with water only at high temperature. Zn +H,0 — ZnO +H, 3. Water reacts with basic oxides to produce bases. Na,0 + H,O — 2NaOH 4. water reacts with acidic oxides to produce acids SO3+H,0 — H,SO, pel! L5LoS! yoSlesdJ! bed [Na 9 Li, K, Ba, Ca] dai! jsledd! a0 ell Joly .1 sora ssudll jlég sel gall bo88 cla! go Jolad My sysod! Jeo Uolid JSYI ssleal! 2 sale dyly> doys sic elgall aiid dusluill suulSl go clall Jolar 3 wgoloo Yl clay aurood! suuslSUl ao cll Jolin 4 CamScanner ~ |92 saaQ\ What are the uses of water in industry? 1. Water is mainly used for solvent and cooling. 2. Water cools automobile engines and nuclear power plants. 3. Water is also used in the production of steel and paper. 4. Water is used in the home for cooking, drinking and washing 5. Water in the form of steam is used to generate electricity. 6. It is used to extract oil, sulfur and sodium chloride from the earth 7. in the manufacture of several chemicals such as nitric and sulfuric acid $ doluod! 8 alall Sloss! alo J dawallg Oladall 28 quad y JSiiy ala pseu 1 daggJl A5UaI Sarg Cl yluudl GIS yore Sasa lal! pods .2 .Goglg SYM CLA] 8 Logi elall pseu .3 Sulla pil g Guba) Sjrall .8 clall assis 4 ely gl sod soy JSts le cla! assiiug 5 2d 40 agesgell sy 9159 Coro Coil WoMriu! § pasion 6 choy cbysaudll role to sles shge Sse deolus 5 Jos .7 7 STUDENT PREPARATION : YOUSEF HAIDER CamScanner ~ ls sealQ\ what are the water states ? the water compound is the only substance naturally Present on the earth in all states 1- Solid : near the north and South poles and in glaciers. 2. Liquid : Seawater. 3. Ges : water Vapor in the atmosphere. $ olal OY ole / ya WSY gar 5 Ml le gan JSty Sag gall Salt Solall ga alall S50 Asus IBM 59 gisially Madd! ude! go yb: Abell 1 + dl ole ; Aud! 2 G92] SAI! 8 cll yy : su 3 Q\ what is the compound of water molecule ? Oxygen and hydrogen atoms come together and form Covalent bond between them of form water molecule. tow hydrogen atoms in water molecule form positive pole [anode ] and oxygen atom forms negative Pole [ cathode ] F alall Spo ygSiy Lolo Gyo J ys 2gh> FigSo dram lus daily legion (9S 9 cur as tadll GeruSl G1y3 sos [295M ] Ge gall baal 9S elall gio 8 ue ay tell 5)3 Comm ela! [298] oLadl Gdaall gpg) cpouSMl 5339 CamScanner ~ ls sealQ\ what is the property of water that makes life possible in seas and lakes in the winter ? Because water is the only substance whose density lower when if freezes. § aliddll 55 lyordlg slo! 6 dSae Sled! Jord ill call duols be / ui anti lotic Y2slS Jai dl Bool! 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