4 THERMO DYNAMICS wy TE ts a branch of Setence which deals sot th the Study transformations of energies uy TE predicts the teasi lity of — Yeaetion BGs Gibls energy change 2° Free energy 4 BGs We son ~ sponatemeaus BG > “Ve Spontaneous. ete et gpulkbrued ex Uy Aa tg 9 Bae ae i Chignty) O87 Cebinmonky CC gmprite) Agr -“ le pricks the extent of completron ef Yeaction by 4 (rium - (Key) Bae Hime 0 3X Speed of yeastion System Te & & perk of universe which ¢s ander obseyvalion Gr Black boark ,TV , Yeachon mceture 9%, Sarcrourdingss Cxcept system Temacning ral of Univose Boundary: Wall @r) screen wohich Sepanctes sg Seen , ro) surroundings: reat — [ameninany rigiok | sci Syrton a Serreunding + Boun dang» Universe cRNA iciiaiaR i citi... a Adialsabie jj Drathermic (Non-conckettirg) — Goveluerng)Types of system : Lone ; (i) Dpen. Splat fae system anck Somounding Eland wots — bvansfow oe Om Tee cules taken tr pen breaker all) Te lor) ety heat ® Closed systers: Gis spate and surroundenns ‘oy es) can Ge transfered, Rol mass: Cr Tee cubes taken Cn a clased Gerke (2 Boloted system — & X , mars x , ex Tee Cubes faken fn a flork: ic properties > The propestics rokich ave defined hen the Stbsscom | Us in Guth. Ear Temp , Volume,» «binders enerag)y H Lenthalpy) 2 (Gidrl% energy), 5 Contropy ) Pressuxe, Mass etc : jetted te sey i 7 @ Extensive — propertres pe Which depend on the amount of Substana @r) ph... SGe_ of substance fe Vobone , mai 0, 1,4, 4 Heat cepaccty,(i) Trtensive propertees » Cand 4 Tndlependent om fhe ormennt of sulrste nee Ex: Temp, pressure jmp Bt dy ST, WEG, er, dielec- al vie tonstant, Sot Foun , Concentration terrns, Specehic Livin, e , wg heat capably , ee ri 7 > Gy ay Sake of Systems Te condition OF a Systern where cb US Present qo byl Che Stete ot an the ges pre need te cpecily afi anothey way thermodgn ans e propo s Pedy cues ~ dn Ce a) grate tuneion - (state var tatde) the property which dlepends onty 27 state. % yyy eee ee T,P,M maw, vy QS). == “OLinderne dn phases wRehanees duspeamert , ~ state Fance- fon, Aistance ~ peth dunctvons th fune aie wn ve ~ It depend s on fx. W, Herk, fot Capaurey, Motor hart epoty- poth Speattre heat copeetty ete- a & ey ) Thermo dyamaic Proces The proces i) eotuich Lothar, Sqstem tan be Changeal from one Stabe be om cy, state fs Calleol Therme dg remse ppreeett-There are different types of thermody are _ In Process: (» Tsothermed process process wolich taker place Perera Tie \ “ * cdeok 402s Vel for (del 4 Y doutes (ac. Le if aTz0 daze — ‘ ' oS (ut heck OO be transterved i Ex: prose transe tons eg ot _ Hrow — Neu i, ) ws ; doverie pees constant 'P” > Ape | cy Tsechovic pe ae enttenk 'W ae i ee ' 4 : ' ° | td) Adtatrakie process onesies ane i No transfer ot kent ea alae ys Temp may Charge 7 & Joule Thomsen effect @) cyelte pree pote veeturn bo TES intiod £tate > Th € proces in whith the Sys bor £% Pa =0 as omy stale Fun chen BV 2 Sv Ate? oT? b>i In another wag thermody namic processes to types. 1) Reversible process Chr) Lvveversitte process place ; wan s| ae \ 2 \) Tk takes place in infinite 1) Takes plete ini dente mo of steps steps 2) jetincke kine fey tonple 2) Finke time ov completion — ken ayreak ” hgyetheticd cd process &) Stow proces 4) Tagtel Pe 5) Bt every Stage almost —¢) Squtletriuen met possitle eapdilriuen esun erst | Wages 9 Pena ay [renee not mak 129 Heat: ty) Te the energy to band due & difference tn Henperakurts « Units. cok, J, KW jerg,- — i O a : Syste (a if the energy ts reteored. by the system then 4 sve 4 > involved Hf he energy alsorred Uy System then Savill | Be +VeNote, | for encthernte reactions , DK _ve for endothermic veastions , DA = Ne Work. CW): amd surtoundin gs wet - Lotro scanucsctasannsionn gemma Rp cose L aber mol” ted 2 8443 moth et Eanes mol bt poor tar —7 ved i SC atm 4 Vy ae ok ( awred a ¥ Seystem te done On Khe System LJ A Methane work Ly pac \ of LA werk 1s done by the Syyoes : we scve TE US one wary of emthange of energy Ufo systers Inte. =) o WV fe>) the work (s done on the System we ve we Werk Aone Syston toheve Pent ts External pressure, Ay > Infitely Seently small Chege in vol. Ie cok Note Chemisty phy we [Fee Wo Jide We work done ly the w= work done by the m Surroundings System Internal Eneray 4 Sqratvol Vow E \Qox Qe & the sum of kE and pe Of ott tre pearkretes mating the objeth & aalted anceral energy: of thet oljut DO? kee tf € Kot Ket Key 60 ope (Peer ® + PE Und Pe “pombe * Bovces\ | / i GO LE en wy Uk Stttance cant be calental ed By bens ropeyty : © es Bees DU2 Crm be cktevertned ~> Stake funttton: 2 UF A 7 £ t% unttsss Gk, T, oe charge 10 inbemed ¢ Heat ¢ ved ot 48 las of Thermodynamics exeated nov destroyed let one > Cis mectha Foren of energy Co Ge converted bo mother form of C nergy (ov) Total energy of Universe Yemores conttant for) ; Every vt on Tsolated Syste Apo toreamk ev) Enevay ce Conserved - Fe 5 dS dass soles ouk Construction of perpectual pastion watreme of LY Kid. Heet ane | ean — | LJ _ v ada GO vidus vtdy ides Tt ae Ayidy | the a ony [es Wwe Be 8) A system does SOT work by alssorucng Iver of leat + Catertate the Unange om tetera eno: of System! e pu et Iso SOS [ oo i exmrined ts the heat enev gy vege’ al Z. Heat Lopactta le): It of a body by ane l™ xed fe Inevense the temp. fn'moles) one dy. 7 tat nay at— 4+ ran at dt ream Foy Fintte change; ce v2 CxOT ball \ aD V . - Heat copactty > tse tape va Cc —

bY i AT ; BU aly OT Y mola, i : a) a 1 ‘ 7 | F j Go, Wn ; ™~ feo q Cur 2 olay heat Cepncity af cmetane vels Cy NR Con | (Ob. Mone aT [ave Senet) Gum: Tk is the eat every Yeqpeived bo free — Pomole of nase. the te of boc by ('c ab ont vel. Cy: Cheat cay aecky ab constant pressure) = PE US fhe Neot energy veqcred te tncveate the temp of body by He at canst. pressure,ee aT He U+rPVv ons: Vel gHodu + tdvtVdp stant Sp dpse ak — fonstant ma Ye Pyes > Payton anode evenly pak dys dyad trav Paes #2 fant ay 284 4 fewdvt 04 —— s lane av few —= ~ Hoek lavelved . Fr ae) Vp eens F > | From 2 © nctant Ae vels aaa Ces DH f° SF DH Cp AT ~yw' moles ——Cp cr co free ( ew t vol 1 CRD 2) Ade the fare aCoin 2 olen Keak Crprety al cong pressure TE is heat energy waquiived fo the temp d: of a I mole of tedy by Pe at cons pressury ape . > $ Specttic heat Copastty (ls) ae os the het © ! ¢ energy Yeqyatverk te inc Lene ot | body by ° . From 24, @ cz ¥ ‘Bt We gers q \ 9 I \ . \ c 4 ws i & als ™ C2 Cex : Cx? + \4 “wine maT ig b> sar) ——— 3). units Ge Cp Sk Cony Cv = TET mol"! s ts - Tate Noi€' Im physics, lm old Chemistry Com = fee Ye Cy en 2 wy 5 Tsobante process, c atp—_—_—e......e.e,oakee==eee_eeeeeee_ee_ee_ee . Tsochoric process Cohy temp J sothernel . C20 R ‘ te So presi Adiabatic % i -6 2 R. G> Show that doy fdeal gases Spm Sym R he heal 5 (eb us considev He UtPV 2%! a 2 doe ALPY for weal ye pve ner dtr det atnar) nferm FT 2» ACumste heat dam 2 Cum AR 8) Show that Cyn = Fig where fa re of daqes of freeclom Gor ident gu) ely Wee tre NVe AKe EDRE- fos tack wages 6 PE >? Cp Wat 3 s a Bo? OWE ¢ a " ose B te > Bneat oy pvr Lnrat = ESOTeens 3 NOTE a ganis Mm At at i) Wre = 7 x wey das om Chins - { ae ratio oF mctan Weak Copacckes (Win 4 (ren wo Deqes of freedoms Cook): Te is tre me 2 - qs o8 2 & voays by hick & proiiche can have NOG Sev eo) Monostmie quae (etal_tof . Fars bOF ~ 3 Rue OF O ic) Dratomic Yet cy Toor 2 3 Qiee iaet oe Nal a“ o\ (c) Triatomec ( Uneor ) (is Tpop 7S Ree” 2 Voor » 39-8 a a. ——$—$—$—$———$———— (A) Friokomce (mon- Linea) 1 eas Os pee a Rroe > 3 Vose 2 39-6 = 83 wore: Pe tev temperatures only — Tpor ~ signi fcant At moderate tumprrtwe Toe, Rog - Syntetcant Dc hah beperntinn Were —ahmibeiont” At moderate temp. ~ 4s Cem + ty Mono - 7 am . otonte sk Ze 166 es ZS 2 it) Diatoniey Lk te M4 = z qt) Trtatomic| gg We by Cunemt) v pacebies » (Wfrictomic | SR HR [33 (non -Unear) te mes) _ mo. of “ ‘ g fhe Calculate 0 4 circy, gi G GOT u aa doy the Following molectes ck Bey temp oem 4° @ © S° ates GY He e¢ , C20 Bs Gare a i Wi) Or 6 ae AR eS) Pa i Gi) Coy i ae HR 133 — oe he Vr ty) H-CEN 4 2 4 UR . u (cheese 4 se Uae ; \ \ fe we we TABS wid Apa ISS BRTn 8 & Value of He 1 always 3 MES SR bot S ve, & uy ts FR ak Pow | bern | Seok ma z mane hemp asd more tan ER ak heh hemp. Caplan ay fax As He is monoatomi : © there ave only Toor 3 3 | Cy vale ot temp is 8 } ¥ aye ZR i As Sty’ Ue Motori", pom 26 ok Lens a) 2 Type FE eRY Sint Reamt lus Ye: ; | Poor { ak moderate temp, Figg, 18 Sy esigniticont i Ove Sp, : z Fg ay The wrotan heat Cepactly of Hae ob ebtant 1 ‘i = | progr. Cegm) 1s TO J kK mol | Suppose i Lk Ketele Cleos ta/s) having Veg Ugo fs tuned 4 i on for too sec. what fs rice ty Etmp in tga, WeeCpime TS x DR Br bo Be. Ke Came BT & { + roa Moe YY TE BT . = 5 M307. aT a8 10} 30°. MWA TAK. 4s —t i Sy Vigy | mole of Teal monoatomie gu & mined votth weeded) sate of am Edeol Aictomte ges» The molen speci Explain fic nent of mixture at const Vol ts hoe much: 23 e) Ve Vit Ve ‘apa wnbave 4 ak crst Vol “Oy > av anim 8t M Cym OT =O Cums OT t Ma Sym OT chant “nw | se = earned a Ngo. am + U- 3B) A monoatomic deal gos underqou a proces in vatth dre totio of FEV ak any what 5 the molar beak Capacity of instant is constant anc equals to t the a Gao (om cas py" eeae Pv constant Liso thermal) py a Constant C Adiabatic) put 2 Constant ( Poly tropte process) : For poly Trophee proce i ped Cm > Molar Areal Capauily v (Cxrcmaee ee 6 ak const Vol | be Exehotgleg C8) , | : oY Att Gorse vel catoy > Crt Ones) a i L4| 4 ‘ can | Hert involved > bo 1 AES ; j oe Ue f t 2 mWwo-t | az oct > | ate unant vol, heat toed Can be oltaned q From BUD D> M ene \) = a enpesion Coen ay Zs | Yo cal for workgk consi) tobd bel iroolved 2 lrvecat wr 2 4 A100 pe purrwocal G ot tomst p> bo determine heat javelued Ba ge nok Sab Glente ped fh vr | Cor any type oF system en) suystane) his entaley De takemol emargy of Agstem - p - pressure of rysten Vr Vebune 4, yeu du- dut Arter) [ae du ehh a vd j doy Fintte — changes put Pow t NF Bw ew) nbtenel pas pur toy t vi ot Bue S46 + OUR) [ore pu + (Ove- FN a ak constant prone dpe dy > tet yay bis BOPP OY we Kneo theb Meo Utevfor tdeal got Pvener tf 2 U4net Aa. Av edner> au radar ned 4 &Tdy (oH = be eneors a) ak content” — Lunsp AT> 1 Beh BU eDART aii) Ans Unarge tn nos of wroles NGR- NGR AGP meclen whe Pro duvets ew) cx NOR 2 ‘ Reottant v Note »To — inddote hee of Ree eens re No. of Goseert pa is wed te & bas To tndgenke ek of veote O ox Sv, Buds vsed a let us consider the tolloring cron ples Gas Cl) Pele Pa ty i) 0D (3) pn V-031 & Bu 2 BY 4 ener keen compe HO gy Ue LeRTSeren rere aU aeres TaD Stas TaESTEETEETEETEETS Al) Nat Bh 7 TS te lee bw > DU eT RT Dy > DA- PAT Ba che Ck Bn fs ve) Gi) My ten NO ES) 9) ¢ aye Roe ee webs ew) CAO 3. = Ww) we) Lop br + ° . Ba > dO ay Gor tenetions —frvolutng sols ond Myce “py 2 bY +P eV DV x0 (ox ene r) Vee noo | &: a a Caiameney > Cope) at const 0 p> Ut POV ok enst ‘Tt’ Bie BY SORT NSA(8) For vem'c Hon DAL Boy enkheley Chang onlenter | ok tonstant prmwe (S AsoT ok 300k iy is ( Calealake the trtexnndk change we Yeatly ot Zook i GH> DU + Pov 3 | } AH = SU4 HnXT et { was ; Os ov — B-31UnK 300 a i poe MA SUNT : he di the PV graph wilt atve nove: The aren woder the MY grep Hy in the moan bade of work done i Wo > [Pere dy | « | { ‘ bv ~ | eae |[ | > Pour’ Sa y's | ; oe wey 2 foaeal . Low a bed, Cc By vesye Vg eee , Py eats ¥en be tw Enttsal stare Finad strbe eerange Ctertation of word done fm Bothrermal proces Cy psamcneee . Book Pew vivir NE gaa TS Ch pomdcd oooirst Pear 2 lowtm z oe Wa J rene av 7 oe offen 4v iS wo 2 to LY -Vi) “Wii wvlexy pte be a a L ote By in toe Steps eee! Jente = boat ny, ES ey FESR Wa > exe ov Ww, = Penk OV 2 ts wv slo OW 2 ist v-4) rota? rt Be y . aa vis YO | ln VME Gil) B Steps wort rar Reaerte Five > Py Pe Wye AB xCy Ww, 2 Blu) Wer WELL ty(ly 3 Steps reel Cen 5 PV mM OV ONo a Note. | bose coms J Jus a wo, comp| Coleutation Of wort involved in Asothermel reversrite Process of am ideal gas T = constant Wedeerseer eee au (as > Greed Wa (-typade a PvanRT >) Pos = Po? — 2») Ts t = Los thermal — Pv= PRT in TT pve PVE - | We —2D30IRt lo ()] a bu Paeg > Tine ® at Pent Pent > Paes ae Fou Pyas — Cnpanston Fost > pa = Compression ifor emp a Rent € Pad verst ite ame Ponte 2 Pyaa “AP Pow ome Pent > Poste Peat > & Pye tit dae ~ | foe 7s | invelved tm Ssotnewnal proces of an Thermody namie change Thermedgnarnte cierg deck gos. Expression foy 4 19/2¥ 108 \ ) Tet hermeal Tr Constant 2 (3) arr (vat) fare} duce aver eee eat a we dur dyede DU 5 DDT DneT 4 NAAT ATroy BLP OH > SORT yom (ore)ccneeRnnN RAEN (AY eversi lig preecess for isothermal veversilte procers toa omer In(ee) Y>net Cassy) DT 25 ; BU ex Bee Cit pnred ~ for Adi (GE) Mreversite procen we bnc ey Free Cxpansion » beat TF Rene 20 (8 Cate “Pree Crpangion ws {te dv isothermal — pteo ante > BO , bee CIF pure) mzonsie 7 constant extemel pressure iy Intermediate > AgaenseA eee eae A OE INT rr 7) OTeo , BU =e =) BH? Cif Onz0) tavolved in Adiabatic Process enpressions for YD, bt oo far PAinbeke pros; 4 °° pe tnas 18 law HO ayae 19 > Men Cah) PVanel Coen “Cup ER R \ -\ == mR Ne “ Cyn > YA\ bu » 69 *DCnet) Be SAR BT | Bu > BO +n ROT Se|e) 6120, Bus pyro - Cif anz0) i o>) J) Thermodyeante Changes fewalved in atsale_process oF an thea gos expressions for Gov BA —_— for Bdla lak wetnon I das BO ay 40 wr we know =| OU= 7 Comor, ) on WIN Cum OT 2G m OT ) PV 2net Cy em cies (a Ye WR bH > YU tAC HRT) DUE NC AT | Bu > bo +neot] \____— =A) Reversitle process: Yee We Know dw 2 Par dv toe Jota dy Gut for veversitke proiess pian 2am ws ftps dy i (-uree poner v boa-ne{Tdv, 0 To get the final tome os to VWevendt 2 fere dv ( { } Pene F Fyas Neyndya PAT ve OKT ay NOymy IT 2 Rev T v Integrating % both she vg Ve wm |! _e(tdy Gm |tar = es vr i 3 Cum Wile 2 seen |) vw Ue) ive ci fr bet— i Ue) iveversitle cee lb) ie Ceca fent ¥° S00 ae? pyze pT? bys DUTNRAT Bnet pu = ORT [F onre oHeo OU) frtecmnedtote erpangio _——_—— i <4 tanstanE external premure w—Sendv| | 5 | 5 a 5 8) Caleutate the work vehi would be otained from | an tothermal weverstbte enpanstor of tmole of CL 8) | dyom de® to sodm at 273K € using (deol gas Lehavior + ‘ 7 v ane) toa 2) ALBO3 e ANE At 2 ea ees AAVE a) ge Jy BMAK LAB RT BOB NET 2-8-8 ssa a | j 8) \ det of an tdeol gx ot o pressure of hogs ey, | Man expands Teversilely and isorthermnally from HS ; iS is inwebed ©? ate) co de® . How muth of heat and how murs of work fs done expainion co tate the Value of dU and BH Oso.We — net ln (2) = GeDloxt X 2°303%) > 5 -2BORKIO™ [atm wp —21303% ROT we -b3 PP KS qe URS Duce bw 2 net so) = 0 vite oh cl 8) 2 moles of an Sdeal gas expanded from LL ty SL Seat gas isothermally and veersitty at a temp of Book, Colette tw tiny Gi) Oe Uy) 48 7 t Babe woe ~ 2x84 ¥B00 x [OVS *DIL Og ro Ty ete ee OR VRES 3B Ex U503 rea as Yee + - 8B KT (8:04 by ) st ts Wy = +804 Avr. BK 2° nf 6) a) S moles of an (det ge isothermal from an to a Ainak prere of 0-1 013 mn against of © Moss m fa intoal prenure constant W of 10133 eyteynak premure Of 071013 mpa Cletake U- Zromn its hoon l ee Sevolved —O) Coledake the corverpencling Values Ces VS Cerrdek omte anston? Cale Procems ° Pee t Wo Fea BY co-eds Ve 01018x No 4 u 14% , ey ~BANS * on vee4v Bul x 4 es 2 - oe x3 wt 23 gy ae _ ic ay wih ba* e se Sets Ge qa WEEK =RF0K to We Ge (Tat) es WK dy Bx KET ¥ 6 es ee OM SNCTKT PAIL AKT Coapehlha VP) 2 s Son SU ti-300) > ata 2 2 Bo Ty? UO t asy Wr Ax Sx gsiux Be" > a ThUkT a VEUKEd ; Vee Ov fai. net and 0. SDT Mia are expanded adlislab'eslly to |aay Va be = jay ee ae 84 ‘ \ 2 ~ tag cos aety bo 8) With who min prevsure must given Vol. Ne pt skicollly orginally ak SIDR cond (at pressure, be ada babically eh inerdes be Wokse ces Lemp be 613K RP Py competed ine Ans: appen: “aero: re As ° | © ee T py Comparision 1 work involved jn Psothermal vey @™p a Oe ora vey ep | T Sotherrneh Adtalrabie i ey x const pv™ > const + { rf L : i t Yass tise e rn . ae Vv, Vise t corel: Tf final Volumes ave scume “ Tysthewmel Adiodobic / PN 2 PEOVe P,P 2 Pad, Voriy “ (ey-2 rood Ba Ae)? Ve 51 8?! p ot a » te 2 Px Pad’ ol Na Piso ata, rabicolly Piss 7 Radi C13K {w isarer oq | gy | Radiaew esp Pressuses oan a ae i 7 babe ‘ectnetnel Rv t= fa Vaai = P.Viso ae . eo Meat Ry, Vise a ow Fr Viso _ [Vedi ) Vv Vi [ee : eg » | Nii Vedi ViseGR Oe Pp o_ oO — Tsobaric , oy RS ® oe ® - Tsothermel, exp @® ~ Adiatabc, eng v ® - Tsoehorte @ DM se, Co ¢ P Xo 7 Corp St e @ pAir comp | 8) v =) Area = | | a enue pe proces, Wa -Ve gsign (eleewise) . We te Cantretock wise) 38) A thermo dynamic system. under goes a Cyclic process VERSE calculate the bork done fo Step and abso Coladele the Folat cork don each ee — $< & i e ‘ee | / (xen) Joo nI9> x 290 *10 wel ~f 4s a | ioe BT vce) +03 | rea vooxto® xtooxto® -wt oR: Ree SQOntO™ ue / GBT GR: Iso chorec 4 W290 dss ~Pextdy t ‘ } “eg RS* Peoterce comprertion AL ey gs hye He, enp “ F 2- 260x038 « —20Or IO © = t490T * Sp. Dse eherte ny >? 8) IF mole of an ideal monoatowwe gas ib Seljeetedt to a Aylec proces ABCA as Shown fn fijnre Ci Cletabe met work done Gis heat fnuclved in path CA Gi) heat involved te Path AG gic BS UG) - Pode Ff 12 & en + bey cork dons J, CDR eR Bee RAW LY RAV BEV cy 4 POR By: mi > Nx Gym XBT 2 DU: BeRT fave we 3 wd here 5 ny NR “HR z BU 2 SPN uy oo8) 1 mole of a dintomte gos undergoes a thermedt wie chan mccondin ( 6 Be neemASn IS the Ey diegram Coleate the toll heat involved bo the process n 2, ca ige themed Fever site to Pe Ne te abuse vs om Cyn STS Ay i o veda x (Se - > 4 & Ve ~ 2py ehVerk WAN ar RT ne) a We KX Be In .» & ges Os «Move 2 am es 1 . 1 trot Ste . wrolar 4 a Bei feMe ay ) Colatate the work alone when $04 of Fe Me 4, water exces of oy fd to Gut Cory Chesed versel 4 Kined vol (0) &A open beaker . ao Cr a fe, 2HA—> Fear tH ‘» aay Coy 99 “BAW Yeo ti) We - Pee OV j Dvae i >) VO 20 (ee ota A, Bihar) ws Sten dv a aaoten oo wee > oe ~Penelva WI) VY, - Final vel of sqstem Vv. - Intel vel of syyters visse Ve = Vel of te a fvamer Ve Rep ¥ eXvenk Woe - fone Ve a fae DEE ‘ e 6 ~ Coqyie wa) (8) > -22*T &) TF conten vapour fs assumed be be an wheal pes wroler mtneto hewoe Sox Vapewrert ton oa \ mole of go ek Te ed too’ «ts UN KS /mole = Colertabe the Lo é uy Intermal Change hen t peole tava ES Yepommyen ot of fe Yad) ran tur , Coole Gy BSo when [mele Wy Hyo ce converted Unto cee > beaker, 4 c. Crmobs. ettaloy Drege for finor nee ft en 2 & G01 KT wele)Thenmochenittes Cop of 2 tno) =) Beat of vearboo Sy The beak (nvelved Cn o veeetion Stand ! H) Exothermuc Fractions = & heat fs Yeleased Bue ve Boa -ve 2) Ende terme Yenckons : heat Cs Absorbed DH > tVe SoOstve 4 bead eae A peek of vention 7 OY cok ofp Ventanas thee const w Sats get cf Keeton a const PCT) Symtel Buy, Con) dt i fe ees Erthatpn change frwolved th a Ytackon f ou > tye -O He - Hy oS Bay ai Uy Hp [pers 5 UL te ~ ov Gey | AJ> Skroehte mekeie Coletti cents. P\ Gmitherme wenction Gan Ge written in TS congs, ex. ALR Cte BSN i Kaba Czy are —tooed ene AAB- loo ok >< a Onde thesmic Yeadtton dam Ge weitees in Brow fa MAY PR Sw cdi a er ro, xt Ya oel 2 o >) Ol atve Standard condi bons a) Standerd premure 3 lar (v tots) 9 Standard TOR 2 Gey Specific Fem Vaeice) ) Cotta, Bode 2) Skordand — Sterbe ok wy TE Ac the pune Korm of sabstance under standard 1. Shyer Comst CD Condibvons eee ston dard 3 ak ace ky Hye Pure a AE USC Lig Hebel Pare big Mubal ob 26% ak [le - er, § Le. Jur soli ce ak 3de OF Bee Soh Ne, ak | eo ay ak fC, GAR Glarcose Pars solidglucse at Se ek Van ») ok too, Goh Hye pure Hid tho tioc’e ak Cun Bea Pere Soltol Fe at sote ak low >) ak BO, Sas Es Mo Pore Qescous Ny ot Roe at] z cL cong A For elements p meference Sete hy Sy Gk fe the mest Sethe form of Siven element Unda BH eve erating canckcbers Chement weherence Sheke wy Oe8 wo Bey Ov an Da oa |Bry iw | _ a ms Contre On imess >) Soh phar of -Shphur © Phonic) roy | tw Gn) white metic Cor Fy 0 + 8&0 KT | i ~ ts) ) wn 9 (atase: (io ; Day? = -s90KT (Few) Types OF enthalpies of reactions: @ standard enthalpy of comiurtion + Permation * . Solutron A neecbralcsati'on 7 . 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