1 - Slides GA Tipologia de Indicadores Ambientais AEA 21 - 22

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Section 2 l General approach
Avaliação Ambiental Integrada

3Tipologia
Generalde approach
indicadores ambientais da AEA
3.1 Principles and structuring themes (see Figure 3.2). Most of these indicators
are explicitly designed to support environmental
The overall approach to indicators at the EEA policies and are based on statistics from
is illustrated by the indicator eye and its three international organisations and EU partners as well
dimensions (see Figure 3.1). The inner core (or CSI) as on national data. EEA indicators are structured
comprises a small set of indicators, selected on into thematic sets as well as sets established for a
the basis of their policy relevance, their regular particular purpose, as are the CSI.
updates and the quality of established or expected
on-stream data flows. The outer core comprises Geographic coverage of EEA indicators ranges
regular indicators that fulfil minimum criteria from global, EEA member and cooperating
as regards policy relevance and regular updates, countries, EU-28, regional or local depending on
and the stability and geographical scope of the indicators context and use. For example, some
underpinning data sets. The third dimension climate change indicators such as temperature are
Gestão doindicators
comprises Ambiente (UCirregular
of an 10378)or even one-off global and European, whereas others relating to air
Docentes:developed
character, Paula Antunes,
by otherNuno Videira and
organisations and water quality have a more regional and local
used by the EEA in its assessment reports. focus.
0 In past decades, the primary drivers of EU The EEA CSI was first established in 2004 for three
environmental policies were concerns for main purposes, which remain the objectives today:
protecting human health, and the feasibility of
reducing pressures on the environment through • to provide a manageable and stable basis for
efficiency and other measures targeted at key Sectionof
indicator-based assessments 2 progress
l General approach
against
economic sectors. This has shaped and directed the environmental policy priorities;
focus of monitoring and data collection, the types
of indicators developed and the resulting balance •
to prioritise improvements in the quality and
of indicators in the EEA system. geographic coverage of data flows which
EEA maintains an EEA Indicator Eye

extensive set of
will enhance comparability and certainty of
Figure 3.2 EEA indicators by theme (March 2014) information and assessments;
Today, the
137 indicators, grouped in 13 environmental
CSI:EEA/
• to streamline CoreEuropean
set of indicators
Environment
Number of Information and Observation Network (Eionet)
Themes
Figure 3.1 The EEA indicator eye indicators contributions to other European and global
Air pollution 11 indicator initiatives.
'I' for indicators
Cli
Energy
Biodiversity 27
ma
The first CSI consisted of 37 indicators selected

rt
Inner core
o
te
(refreshed EEA core set)

sp
Climate change 46 from a much larger set maintained by the EEA;

ch
an
it was notB balanced across themes reflecting the

an
Tr
Energy 11 i
availabilityodof
ge
iveindicators and selection criteria e

rsi ast
Environmental scenarios 2 used in 2004. Therefore, ty revision of theWCSI
aimed to establish an indicator set with a more
Fisheries 3 Air po
balanced llution
structure and with
Core Setimproved
of alignment
Water
with current policy priorities Indicators
and the EEA's
Green economy 1 (CSI)
Multiannual Work y Programme 2014–2018, which
Household consumption
Outer core 1 nom Fis
(regular EEA indicators) aims to support
n eco environment and climate hepolicy
rie
e
s l
re
io ta
G s
ar en
Land 1 implementation priorities in Europe (see Chapter 5

Honsu
co
Other indicators used by EEA

en nm
us mp
(developed by other organisations for further details).

sc iro
Soil 1
eh tio
or for one-off use)

v
ol n
l
En
Soi
Land
Transport 20
Waste 2
14 Water
Digest of EEA indicators 2014 11
Total 137
CSI built to prioritise, streamline, assess
1
1
3.2 Frameworks and tools further selection, aggregation and interpretation
of sometimes multiple data, with a view to
EEA indicators are supported by a range of communicating the state and trends clearly and
EEA Themes
Sistema de gestão de indicadores da Agência Europeia do Ambiente inclui
127 indicadores abrangendo 22 tópicos ambientais e de sustentabilidade
https://www.eea.europa.eu
Tipologia de indicadores - ABCDE
Classificação da Agência Europeia do Ambiente (2014):

§ Indicadores descritivos (Tipo A)
§ Indicadores de desempenho (Tipo B)
§ Indicadores de eficiência (Tipo C)
§ Indicadores de eficácia das políticas (Tipo D)
§ Indicadores agregados de bem-estar e sustentabilidade (Tipo E)
3
Indicadores Descritivos
“What is
happening to
the
environment
and to
humans?”
Os indicadores descritivos visam
caracterizar os problemas ambientais e a
cadeia causal de interações subjacente.
Modelo DPSIR
Adoptado pela Agência Europeia do Ambiente para descrever a cadeia causal de
interações entre os sistemas socio-económico e ambiental
(extensão do modelo PER da OCDE)
5
TIPO B
Indicadores de desempenho

7
Indicadores de Desempenho
“Are we perfoming
well ? On track ?”
Medem a distância (das Pressões,
Estado ou Impacte) às metas
estabelecidas ou a valores alvo de
sustentabilidade
Permitem avaliar o progresso

relativamente à metas (nacionais,
internacionais)
Indicadores-chave
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/indicators/pdf/
9
9
The EU28 had to meet by 2010 an indicative 21.0% target for renewable electricity
in gross electricity consumption. The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC aims
to ensure that by 2020 renewable energy will reach at least 20% of gross final
energy consumed in the EU28 and sets binding national targets for the share of
renewables in gross final energy consumption for 2020. Progress towards the
targets in the Renewable Energy Directive is addressed in ENER28.
Indicador tipo B: eletricidade produzida a partir de fontes renováveis

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/renewable-electricity-consumption-1/assessment-2 10
10
11
11
12
Fonte: EEA, 2017
12
TIPO C
Indicadores de eficiência
13
13

14
14
Indicadores de Eficiência
“Are we more efficient
in the use of resources
and generating less
pollution?”
Permitem caracterizar a eficiência

dos processos socio-económicos
na utilização de recursos e na
geração de resíduos e emissões
15
15
(P)
(D)
16
16
Emissões de NOx associadas ao transporte
17
17
Fonte: Portal do Estado do Ambiente, 2017
18
18
TIPO D
Indicadores de eficácia de políticas
19
19

§ Indicadores de eficácia das políticas (Tipo D) (menos frequentes e
ainda em desenvolvimento)
Relacionam as alterações em variáveis ambientais com as políticas adoptadas, ligando as
respostas com outros pontos do modelo DPSIR
§ e.g. Produção e consumo de substâncias depletoras da camada de ozono
§ e.g. utilização de combustíveis alternativos ‘mais limpos’
20
20
Emissões de SO2 no setor elétrico (EEA, 2001)

21
21
Policy
contributions to
reduction of
environmental
pressures
Decoupling of resource use from environmental pressures (adapted from EEA)
22
22
TIPO E
Indicadores agregados de bem-estar e
sustentabilidade
23
23

24
24
Indicadores agregados de
sustentabilidade
“Are we on the
whole better off?”
§ Medidas de sustentabilidade
e bem-estar global da
sociedade
§ Indicadores
macroeconómicos (e.g. ISEW)
§ Indicadores biofísicos (e.g.
TMR, Pegada Ecológica)
25
25
sustentabilidade
Kubiszewski et al. 2013
26
26
sustentabilidade
Kubiszewski et al. 2013
27
27
Fontes de informação
Publicações
EEA – European Environment Agency, 2000. Questions to be answered by a state-of-the-

environment report. EEA Technical report No 47. Copenhagen: EEA.
EEA – European Environment Agency, 2014. Digest of EEA indicators 2014. EEA Technical report
No 8/2014. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Spangenberg, J. et al., 2012. Scenarios for investigating risks to biodiversity. Global Ecology and
Biogeography, 21, 5–18.
Tscherning,K., Helming, K., Krippner, B., Sieber, S., Gomez y Paloma, S., 2012. Does research
applying the DPSIR framework support decision making?. Land Use Policy 29, 102–110.
Páginas de Internet
Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (www.apambiente.pt)

Agência Europeia do Ambiente (www.eea.europa.eu)
OCDE (www.oecd.org)
EUROSTAT (ec.europa.eu/eurostat)
28
28

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Avaliação Ambiental Integrada

EEA maintains an EEA Indicator Eye

The first CSI consisted of 37 indicators selected

(refreshed EEA core set)

Climate change 46 from a much larger set maintained by the EEA;

it was notB balanced across themes reflecting the

iveindicators and selection criteria e

Land 1 implementation priorities in Europe (see Chapter 5

Other indicators used by EEA

(developed by other organisations for further details).

or for one-off use)

Tipologia de indicadores - ABCDE

Classificação da Agência Europeia do Ambiente (2014):

Tipologia de indicadores - ABCDE

Classificação da Agência Europeia do Ambiente (2014):

Permitem avaliar o progresso

Indicador tipo B: eletricidade produzida a partir de fontes renováveis

Classificação da Agência Europeia do Ambiente (2014):

Permitem caracterizar a eficiência

Fonte: Portal do Estado do Ambiente, 2017

Classificação da Agência Europeia do Ambiente (2014):

§ Indicadores agregados de bem-estar e sustentabilidade (Tipo E)

Indicadores de eficácia de políticas

Emissões de SO2 no setor elétrico (EEA, 2001)

Classificação da Agência Europeia do Ambiente (2014):

EEA – European Environment Agency, 2000. Questions to be answered by a state-of-the-

Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (www.apambiente.pt)

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