Ganglioglioma : A case of rare CNS tumour in Children

Introduction:

CNS tumours are a rare but important cause of seizures presenting in

childhood. They account for 20% of all tumours occurring in childhood.

We are presenting a case of Ganglioglioma, a rare CNS tumour in

children.

Case Summary:

A boy presented to the paediatric OPD with a history of seizures. Past

history: aSubsequent episodes of seizure at 11months and 3years were

without fever and ASM started by a local practitioner. Now at 4years he

presented to us with uncontrolled seizures on 2 ASM. Video taken by

father showed complex partial seizures. Developmental history and

clinical examination were normal. MRI of the brain showed a left medial

temporal lobe mass with calcification and contrast enhancement,

suggestive of ganglioglioma

Discussion:

Ganglioglioma is a rare, low-grade brain tumor comprising of neuronal and glial

cells, making up 1-5% of paediatric CNS tumors. It primarily affects the

cerebrum (70%) but can occur anywhere in the brain and spinal cord.
MRI is crucial for early detection. Clinical manifestations depend on part

of the brain involved. When present with seizures , their control can be a

challenging task. Surgery is indicated based on tumour size,

location.Surgery aims to alleviate symptoms, manage neurological

dysfunction and to manage refractory seizures if present. The prognosis is

generally good. Rarely, these tumours can become malignant.