CHAPTER 10 ff Modals, Part 2 PRACTICE 1 » Proviow. Read the passage. Underline the four mods ‘A Surprise Victory ‘Las Friday’ soccer match shoud have been an easy game for the Wiest. The {cam had an undefeted record this season. However fans coul’t believe Une the False defeated the Widnes 5-2. Iwas te Sst win ofthe season for ihe Faeons ‘The Falcons must have practiced very hard to achieve ther surprise vicory The next Falcons game ie this Fday at 600 Pon thelr home fel. ty ould be an excing game! PRACTICE 2 Repeated action in the past. (Chart 10-1) ‘Complete the sentences with would or used fo anda verb inthe box. Use would when posible ‘Use ay words in parentheses. bring fall isten, say stay throw come have He slecp tell wipe 1. Pilabeay omember Miss Emerson, my Aith-rade teacher, Sometimes «student seep inher lass, Whenever tha happened, Miss Emerson apiece of halk the student! 2, My father never liked ro allo the phone. Whenever itn, he (ain 1m noe here!” Usual he was oly joking and 10 the phone when i was for im. 13, Thhve fond ctldhood memories of my Aunt Betsy, Whenever she came wo vit she (atoas 4. My ule Oscar. For example, he (aloo) he sat down toa mea. me a ide present. with us when Twas acid, He ad some strange habit, his plate with his napkin whenever 45. When Iwas in college, 1________some bd bis. I a sty unt he ight before atest and then |__________—upallnghrstdying. Then the next day after the tey_______alaternoon, 6 PU never forget the wonderfl evenings I spent wth my grandparents when Iwas «cil, My ‘grandmother —_______ stories her eildbood seventy years ago, and we tently and ask lot of questions. Moda, art? 33PRACTICE 3» Past tense of must and have to. (Chart 10-2) Revie the seaences using the past ens 1. You must use blue ink on the form, 2, The students have to memorize 100 new words 2 week. 9, Sylvia has o cancel her ummervacton plans 4. Who do you have to cal? 5. The children must get vaccinations. 6, The passengers have to fasten their seat belts because of the turbulent wentet, PRACTICE 4» The past form of should. (Chart 10-2), Give adrice about the stuston ung the pas form of should. Complete exch sentence with «ver i the box. Use any words in parentheses uy come onder take et Shange beep say tomate 1. A: We'rehaving hamburgers? I thought sou were cooking a turkey for the holiday. BB: dd but cooked tf wong Iebured up inthe oven! it ou alter dee hous but oeg. A: Where are we? Ae we lon? By Think we are, We —__________lefvinstead of ight athe lt intersection A: Tm tre this morning! What time did we finaly goto bed ast night? B Around 2:00 a. We (we) —__________ tha ate move, ‘Ac Is Lionel angry at you? 1B: Hei, 1____his mother when she was so sc, but Tdi’ ‘A: enuf shoes! Where di you buy them? 1: T bought them st Norwalk’, but T or cheaper there How was dinner at Hens? 1B Not so gd. Thal the fish, butt dda ease Sesh 1 someching be hem oaline. They were 7.8: Why are you upset with Frank? B: He came ro work 1oday witha tribe col, coughing and snezing all ver us! He (v0) —______to work today, He _ home 8. A: Are youd you took the new job? Bs No, actualy 'm not. I (mf) —________ jobs, 1_____ayala ob. PRACTICE 5 > Present and past forms of should. (Chart 10-2) ‘Give advice in each situation. Complete each sentence withthe present or past form of should and the ‘vb in parentheses. 1 Travel teaches us abou the world, Breryone (ae!) 2, We id not irae to Aca when we ha the opportunity lar year. We (9) arta 3. Our hows wll ook much beter with fresh cou of pant. Ie wil look goed ina yellow ‘colo, [think we (pain) —________our house andthe color 6) —____ slow. 44. We painted our house, Now it's white and ha beige shuters. Ie doesn't lok good. We (wt paid) our house in such dull ors. 5 mics allergic to shell, Last night heat shelf, ane broke outwit eel hives. Ernie et ca) harsh 6, Some people ste vnstve to caffeine. They cannot fl asleep at night ifdhey drink coffe in she afternoon. These people (din) cole afer 12:00. They vind) ecaeinated coffer or tea intend 7, Years ag, peopled not elie that some species were dying ofThecause of human ect. For ‘sample, many buf in North America were Killed because of human thouglessnes. AS rest, ‘here ar few buffalo Tet in North America. People (nt il) shore bua, 8, Taiay, people are making efforts to save the environment and 9 save endangered species. We mate) ____ strong efors to reyele, conserve oar resources and south endangered pecs PRACTICE 6» Past forms of be supposed to. (Chart 10-2) Rentite the sentences, Use aform of be supposed to + wb 1. The plane was expected to ative at 635, but didn “The plane 26:35, buried. 2. Lowa expecting ny fends to come over tonight, but they did. ‘They —___ tonight, bur they didn 2. Iwas expecting to pve a presentation in class today, bur we ran out of ime, 1 presentaton in elas today, but we ran out of time Modal Part 2854 ‘Weather forecasters expected it to snow today, bu it did ke. today butt’ Di your teacher expect you to turnin your esny today? your exey today? PRACTICE 7» Ability: can and could. (Chart 10-3) [Compete the tentences with eam, cam could, or couldn't 1 2 Fit alk, [My uncle was a wonderful craftsman, He made beni things out of wood, But he read or write Because he never went to school Atilingual person ___ speak two languages. 1 st to aleep Ist ight because i was too hot in my room. ‘Why ____allthe nations ofthe world us get along in peace? Why are there always wars somewhere on earth? ‘When Iwas younger, |________ stay up past midnight and getup at dawn fesing ready tom I do that any longer now that I'm middle-age. 1 ws siting inthe back of the clasroom today. 1 ear the profes. borrow your note PRACTICE 8 » Degrees of certainty: present time. (Chart 10-4) “lowe certain is the speaker when making each of the flowing remarks? Check (/) the appropriate bo. ‘About 50% ror | abourssy | About se CChaslote might be home by now 7 Pil must be home naw. ‘Mi Brown’ at home now Lilly must now the answer this question Fred might have the answer ‘Shelley knows the answer. “Thre people must have a or of money. “You may remember me from high schoo. “We could be related “Tai might be heavy on the interstate PRACTICE 9» Degrees of certainty: present time. (Chart 10-4) ‘Choose the correct completions. In some sentences, both answers are correct. 10. 12, Be Daive lols! Ths isa schoo one. Chien are crossing the street hee Tee thre o'elock. Thar’ the time thar schoo is out. ‘mor might Profesor MeKeon say that we've gong to have a ery high inflation rate next year Hebe right. He knows more about economics than anyone T kno amuse ty could Have you heard anything from Ea In heal on safer Alia? Hebe, or he brady be on bis way home. I'm jase no sure cuat must ‘ema. may Is ha famous celebrity ove therein the mile ofthat crowd? Ibe. She's signing autographs amon ‘might Iba'e Peter Reoves «banker? ‘Ye. Why don't you tk 19 him? He beable ro help you with your loan, amin ‘b may Is Margaret's dahter 16 ye? ‘She be, Tsaw her driving a ar, and you have to beat east 16 to get iver cese. must ‘bist veal dou'e you think the possibilty of world peace greater now than ese before? tbe. Idon' now. Politica elatonships canbe fragile. mam bemey ‘Wha’ the matter wih my son, doctor? Why does he cough and sneere everyday? He's allergic to something, It dustin the hous, or certin foods, or pollen in the at, ot fometing ele. Is hard to know, so well do some tests fo ind out must be ‘bnay be “The speedometer on my cars broken, Do you think I'm diving over the sped imi? Ta’ tll. Ieoesn’ seem ike it but you —. sc imust be "cod be You've been onthe go all day. Aren't you exhausted? Yes, cane emember when ve ever ben this worn out aan wb must be though cis movie was comedy ‘Me two, butts, Look atthe people leaving the theater. Tot f them are evn mihi be tp must be ow ol do you think Roger i? just saw his driver Heense. He 33 a could be bie Modal art 287PRACTICE 10 Degrees of certainty: present time negative. (Chart 10-5) ‘Complete the sentence with the correct pre inthe box canbe lan 1& may no peak 1 cae be ue muse noc get © may not be 1 mot not ee |A: Tent hear he singer! ‘Tat man siting behind ws snoring in his le! B: Thar im! He opers 2. A: Look! Is’ that cur history profesor over there? Inthe yellow sweater 'B: No, that___. He's in Tokyo this week, giving a presentation. 23, A: This coffe does’ taste very good. 1 supposed tobe 100% Arabica, [BI 100% Arabica, Maybe they mixed it with something else. Maybe i's a blend, 4. A: Whois that woman sanding alone over thee? She i talking to anyone. [Well she any English. Or maybe she's very shy: Anyray Jet's 0 over an ry 1 talk her. 5. 8 Jane hasbeen acepted at Harvard Tear 'B: No way! That. Shen's even «good student. |: Did yous the new pickup truck that Mario's driving? Bs Lure id, Ie very big, It good gas mileage. PRACTICE 11» Degrees of certainty: past time. (Chart 10-6) (Choose the sentence chat desribes the given sentences 1, The litle boy is eying. His nes are serepe and beeing 4. He may have fallen dow, 1. He mun have fallen down, 2, Someone called, but don’t know who it was. Maybe ic was Allee, but iu no sure fa Temay have been Alc. Be muse have been Alice. 3. Nobody’ answering the phone at Juans apartment. I guess he has aleedy ef for the siport. He always tee ro geo the port ears, You kno. 1, He might have sendy left forthe sirport 1 Heermus have already et forthe pore. 4. Tye lost ack of my old fiend Lola fom high school, Maybe she moved away. Maybe she got ‘mareed and has diferent lat ne 4 She could have moved away. 1. She must have mowed a 5 Irv looks unappy today. Maybe his bos eritcized him. Maybe he had an argument with his sinfrend, Maybe he lost lot of money ia te stock mack "lev might have had an argument with his gleiond, 1b lew must have had en argument with his paliend 6. Tal Charles — only Charles — about ny sere engagement, but aow everyone ie congratulating tele clear chat Charles can't eep a secret. 2 Charles may have told everyone. 1, Chars must have ol everyone PRACTICE 12» Degrees of certainty: past time negative. (Chart 10-6) ‘Wrize the pase negative of an appropriate modal an the ver in parentheses. 1. Aww Te called Howard tn ies, Pm sure, He dott’: answer his cll phone. Saat He Gemembe) you were gong call him “He's litle forget, you know. bet he forgot to turn his phone en. 2. LawyuR: Mr.Jones, where were you onthe night of June 24h? (Mu Joxes: Iwas athome. Iwas achome all ight. Lisever: You (be) st home on that night, Mr Jones Four witnesses saw you tthe ici’ apartment 3. ive Look! There ar igh on inthe Thompson house, Dido'tthey go away on vacation? Ano: They (ane) —__yet. Or maybe they lf the automatic timer onto deter burglars 4 Bon: Hey, you guys! You are not supposed to ride your bikes onthe sidewalk! You could rash Sur: They Ga) —____you, Bob. Look! They ust kept going 5. Scientists are not sure why the Mayan csization collapsed. "The Mayans (ues) __ enough o ea, o perhaps their enemies becane too strong fr them, 6. After is voyage on the Kon Tk, Thor Heyerdal et fort the theory that modern Polynesians 10-6) ‘Complete the conversations with must and the ver i parentheses. Use the comet present oe past form, Use not necessary 1. As You got herein 20 minutes! You (dra) —______ relly fst. Normally {5 4 40-minute dive B: No faster than usual Modate Pat 2 09Sally gave speech ather graduation, I think Ts tears in her paren ye, (Ob, thats toeing. They (ey —_very proud other. ‘That's range, Oscar did't come to the meeting. He never mises a meting He (now) —__ about it. He was out of tow lst week and probably no one told him, 4, A: How old do you think our teacher i? B: Walshe was coupe of years ahead of my father in college, she ) sound $5 now, 5. A: Uh-oh! ean’ find my creditcard, Br You (kan) ‘athe cash epster athe grocery store. 6, A: Have you seen Clank? I ca’ fad him anywhere 2B He was fling terrible. He (go) ___________homea while ago 17. Ac Look! Do you see that bi bird on top ofthe wee? Bs What bi bind? |: You cance that? You (ned) 8. Ar What happened to your ke? Bs Tested it wery badly inthe tennis match ee PRACTICE 14> Must have vs. had to. (Charts 9-2 and 10-6) ‘Choose the come respon, 1. Asoc: Why didn't you come tothe par? strong lasts ‘Bow: a. Thad to study. 'b Tmuschav studied 2. Saaz Where's Sal? She's sil oe here? Das: a. She mant have overlpt, 1. She ad to oversen. 3. Ima “Thomas mised an important meen thi morning. ns: just spoke with him and he's very sick. He told me he a had to goto the doctor's 1 ent ave gone tothe dactor's 4. Bow: Were out of cfs sain. Tow: a, Jane must have forgotten ro get some. __b, Jane had to forge to ge some 5. Pat: How were you able to stay awake daring hat long boring lecture? Ont Tesa diticut a. Truschave drunk lot of coffe! Thad to dina lor of cote! 6. Lut Teanteleep again! Max: a, You must have drunk 190 '. Youhad to drink too much cote today. such coffee toy. 90 CHAPTER 10 PRACTICE 15 > Degrees of certainty: future time. (Chart 10-7) ‘Complete dhe sestences in Column A witha plirse fom Column B. Cotuma A Column B 1. Keto has ays loved animal. She in veterinary school a. be here justin time for dinner ow. She should 2, Most apple tees bear fruit abou ve years after planing, do very wellonthe final exam (ur apple te is four yeas old. Ieshowld nex ea. ‘Aun a's plane arrived an hour ago, She's taking a tei, soc, Sel better she should 4. We could invest this money ns conservative stock fund. wed. double is weight Progressive forms of modals. (Chart 10-8) - Compete the sentences Use the appropiate progressive forms of mus, should, oc may / might | ‘Sould sida ver in he Box. You may use a verb more than once due fly) hike Hd slecp work 1. As Call Phil, Heaths office now, on something important atthe ‘Le’ cml him nmtead. He. ‘oment. Or maybe he's with a lent 2. A: When will Betty be back fom It? B: Toiht. She over he Aandi at this very moment 3. A: Helga must know the answer to tis problem. Shall we call het? B: Not now. Fes 1:00 rat. She 4. A: Listen, juntas thi, Ms Mine sn going tobe our teacher anymore. He hs ined he army B: You —__ 1 That n't be true. Who told you that? 5, A: Saa told me tat she had won the lotr and so she insted wal co dinner at Hen French B: Oh, she when she ss that. She never plays he Lottery! 6. A: What do you think Ann's ding now on her vacation? B: Obs. inthe mountains, Or maybe she's relaxing athe pool 7. A: Twas hoping to go outwith Joba, bur heard he's dating Julia, Bs Welle (a) Jula anymore, I think that they may have broken up. PRACTICE 18+ Combining modals with phrasal modals. (Chart 10-9) Gomplcte each semence with the given word. Write the word in thee correct order inthe rentences 1. to) gec\ ae You ftv #042 __ passport if you ae going to travel in other counties. 2, be \ should cable) complete hie form est Byeryone 3. have 10 won stand People {nthe Ee for lng ne. Te lines moving quickly, 4, yo Ube able eave wll Whee bere? 5, not \ able \ graduate ro going \am be 1 when I wassick 6 been must ro ge have not \ able Mike and Helen havent asved yet, They were ging o try to get oan ear ight. They wth my clas, Hosta complete semester ot ar it 92 cHaPrER 10 PRACTICE 19 Expressing preference: would rather. (Chart 10-10) Complete the sentences with 2 fem of would rather and x veh in the box. Use any words in parents ct go have sal tay study 1. Tow you wast oko bat Im) —__________ anything more abou is topic. told Mange chat F' ep ca secret 2. Lastnight,I____________________ nome ght afte inner tthe restaurant, ‘bur my fends insted on ging back ro John's apartment wo Bsten to some musi and tall 31 history and itersture in college than study busines aI i. T majored in business, and now that’ all Thnow. Imight never agua have the ‘opporcunity to learn sbour history ad Ierature 4. Ifyou inst, we'l go to the paza place ater the movie, but I (vo) —______________ pia again. 1m tied of. 5. Do you think that young people ______ choi shout whom to marry or do you think that shy prefer theis parent o choose a partner for hem? 6, Tike my work lot, but my fivorit thing is sain. Tore sailing. A ths momen, eventhough T Ihave just been promoted to vice-president of my company, fight aow instead of iting here in my ofc. PRACTICE 20> Chapter review. (Choose the correct completions. 1. A Whete's Angie? Dida she come bac after hanch? B: Vim not sure where she in But she the presentation that Human Resources is gvng pht no srisatending 1 could attend © could be attending 2. Ax You'e aking Spanish a 8:00 a.m, every dy? Why did you choose such an eat clas? [Because Ms Cardenas the techer, She excellent. Ive been in the cat for # mont now and T don't mind the early hour, 1 shold be tb mae be oi 3. A: The meteorologists predicted five major husecanes for this huecane season, 'B: They wrong, you know. Somedimes they make mites a marbe might be cae 4. A: Ishi chicken in the eeigerator sl good? Bs I don' think so. I's been in therefor overs month! ft spoiled by now amy be ‘must be © could be 5, As Can yo tell me if Fight 86s on time? Bs Iris on ime, sic Ita Gate B21 i about five minutes a. might arse ', might be arriving -c shouldbe arriving 6. A: Did you know that Mike go a seholarship to State School of Enginering? Yes, now that! asthe Sst one he told about t. He very happy. sight be 'b mart be ei Modal, Part 2 9817. Ae Did you know that Li received scholarship ro dhe City Schoo of Music? 'B: Nov I dn’. That's great news! He very happy ght be must be et 8. A Who's going to win the eleton? 1: esa lose al The senator — with l his experience, ha he oppsition candidate nacre PE mat be wining should win 9, Az Wheres Harold? He's supposed tobe at hit meeting. Dida im el hi shout i? Bi: jim roel him Tenafieget 1, musthaveforgten 6, should have oreoren 10. As This yup hasan intersting avo, bur there's too much alt in it. 2B: Yes itis too salty. 1 so much sat init {inst nothave pur b,shoulda'thave pur. may nochave pet PRACTICE 21 » Chapter review. ‘Write modal rentnces forthe stations. 1. The plane slate, and wedi call the por. a. Texpeciewill eve oon, esha ooo, _ 1s Maybe took oft. ie may might / could have taken ofa «. ewas a good idea to cal the srport but we didnt, Mesut have cl he aot should seve son 2. There's a package inthe mail a Maybe forma, ‘Pan sure ies forme. «e's impossibie tha t's for me. 23, Toon dda’ respond omy email 1 expested him 1 respond 'b, Maybe he did’ ge it Thm pretty sure he did't get, 4, His ema ie’ working. Fes impossible fr him to gett 4. There's water al over the kitchen lor 4, Pethaps the dishwashers leakng. — '. The dishwasher fnew: Is impossible tha the dshasher, «Tm pen sure a pipe is broken, 4. Ies good ies for you to cll a plumber. Ie iat necessary fr ws 10 call plumber. 94 CHAPTER 10 PRACTICE 22 » Chapter review. Read the following passage. Choose all ofthe posible completions in parentheses, Distracted Drivers Distracted drivers ten cause major trac accidents. Inthe past before the widespread use of smartphones, drivers woul! could shold. be distracted by eating, reading maps or grooming, “These activites can/couli/ might stil eause problems, but ane ofthe biggest istics today is ell phone use. People can/might must uae their phones to al tex ngage in social media ply mes, use navigation systems check ther bank accounts, wit shopping Hts iste to msc oF lok ‘up information on the Internet Joy as become a leading advocate against distracted driving since she had an aciden ast yea, She hitanother car and backed out. She can’ /cou’t/ shoulda’. remember anything about the sccdent. According to her phone records, she must have been /must be / must nave talking on the phone when the accident occurred, Lucky, no one was injured. It could have been must have besn /can have been much worse. She il feulsterible about the acifent. She should've ben using shouldn't have used / should’ used_er phone while se was diving Advoste ike Joy are cling for stricter distracted-driving laws. Several places have already adopted as against texting or using cll phone at ll while driving. With mote dstraced-riving bythe roads should can may become much safer. Modaty Prt 2 95