49 1ITUT SUPERIEUR DES ETUDES TECHNOLOGIQUES DE OFA Devoir de contréle Groupe Durée: Iheure Documents : Non Niveau ; 28 Année, T-INF 1D. READING Small firms are often faced with the problem of limited capital. This has a number of side-effects. Bank managers will be less inclined to lend them funds and will charge them higher rates of interest when they do, People will be prepared to buy shares in well-known companies. They will not want to buy shares of any sort from small unknown companies. An engineer may set up a small firm using his technical skills as the basis of the business. As the business grows, his defects as a marketing manager, accountant and personne! manager will begin ‘0 appear. He cannot be an expert in all sections of business, nor can he afford to hire the quality experts to be found in the ranks of his larger competitors. The small firm is also unlikely to be able to afford sophisticated technological equipment such as mainframe computers or visual display units, however useful they might be. Advertising costs spread out over a large number of units may be insignificant, but given a smaller level of output they may prove an intolerable burden. Inevitably, television advertising tends to be a resource available only to the larger concerns. Comprehension (10) 1- Find single words in the text that mean: a+ investment (paragraph 1) - production (paragraph 3) ¢- insupportable ( paragraph 3)... 2+ What do the underlined words refer to? a- them (paragraph 1) b- his (paragraph 2) c- they (paragraph 3) ..... 3- Complete the following sentences with the appropriate terms from the — re b- Only when the output level is high, may unimportant. resents several, drawbacks for small companies,‘+ Answer the following questions forming complete sentences. a- On what condition do bank ‘managers accept to provide small firms with loans? ‘b+ What can be the two main problems faced by an engineer when his business gets larger? a © Can small finns afford advertising costs? Why? ID. WRITING (0) Write an account of the most essential qualities for a successful manager.