ple piloll aol gag” *' Grade 10 General * JGDI! alin! EoT2 Math Exam Coverage FRO (16-19) aldol! alius\j! FRO (16-19 ) duJlaoll aliw\JI6 ‘ind measures in intersecting cles end prove relationships between cles nest 229,230 Determine whether the circles in the figures below appear to be congruent, MS: CIRCLES concentric, or neither. @@ Bo ‘The pair of (Pizza) circles appear to have congruent The coins are not the same size: radii, therefore the circles The circles thatcomprise __ yet while they are coplanar, are congruent. the toy have the same they do not share the same center, therefore they center. Therefore, the coins are appear to be concentric. neither congruent nor coplanar. = ‘nd mantra trating is nd prove eatohps ate ce | me n0 For each circle, find the exact circumference in ferms of > a 4 eS vo] fA ham (ay XTi / ae = A 2? 6cm def 3% 1 -Varhe C= amr or td d= 153 we sat vege eo a a = - aw ow a= V6u4 36 - eo saw iwnest 229,230 Pythagorean Theorem Substitution Simplify Add. Square mat td Circumference Formula (13) Substitution ‘The circumference is 13x centimeters Pytagorean Theorem (V2P+(y2P =e? substitution Simplify ‘Add. Square root C=md — Circumference Formula =1(2) Substitution The circumference is 2x centimeters. 6 ‘ind measures in intersecting cles and prove relationships between cles | 223,200 42. PROOF Write a paragraph proof to prove Theorem 5.1. Given: @D and @E Prove: ©D - OE ©© Proof: A circle is a locus of points in a plane equidistant from a given point. For any two circles © Dand ©, there exists a translation that maps center D onto center E, moving ©Dso it is concentric with OE. There also exists a dilation with scale factor k such that each point that makes up ©Dis moved to be the same distance from center Yas the points that make up OL are from center E. Therefore, © Dis mapped onto © E. Because there exists a rigid motion followed by a scaling that maps QD onto OF, @D~ OE. Thus, all circles are similar.6 ‘ind measures in intersecting cles end prove relationships between cles nest 229,230 43. USE A SOURCE Go online to research a famous clock face. Then use the diameter of the clock face to find the circumference. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. The face of the clock in Elizabeth Tower in London, England, has a diameter of 23 feet. Gayo cad Circumference Formula 92 ry _ = (23) Substitution ~ 70.26 72.26 Use a calculator. —- The circumference of the face of the clock in Elizabeth Tower in London, England has a circumference of about 72.26 feet. 6 ‘ind measures in intersecting cles and prove relationships between cles atest 223,230 44. WHEELS Zack is designing wheels for a concept car. The diameter of the wheel is 18 inches. Zack wants to make spokes in the wheel that run from the center of the wheel to the rim. In other words, each spoke is a radius of the wheel. How long are these spokes? ram tub Radius Formula r oro Substitute and simplify. Spokes6 Fin measures in intersecting ecis an prove relatonshi between cles nest 229,230 45. PRECISION Kathy slices through a circular cake. The cake has a diameter of 14 inches. The slice that Kathy made is straight and has a length of 1 inches. Did Kathy cut along a radius, a diameter, or a chord of the circle? It is given the diameter of the cake is 14 inches. Therefore the radins of the cake is 7 inches Since the slice Kathy made is straight and has a length of 11 inches and 11 # 14 and 11 #7, Kathy cut along a chord of the circular cake. 6 Fin measures in intersecting ecis and prove relationship between cles nest 229,230 46. REASONING Three identical circular coins are lined up in a row as shown. The distance between the centers of the first and third coins is 3.2 centimeters. What is the radius of one of these coins? The coins are congruent, therefore they have their radii have the same measure. a k-3.2 cm—>| r+d+r=3.2 The distance goes from Ist and 3rd centers?", = On torte 3.2 d=2r Ca dar ae 32 4% 4r=3.2. Add. ur : r=0.8 Divide each side by 4. Gee B) om ae The radius of one of the coins is 0.8 centimeters.‘Find measures in intersecting eles end prove relationships between eles nest 229,230 47, EXERCISE HOOPS Taiga wants to make a circular loop that he can twirl around his body for exercise. He will use a tube that is 2.5 meters long. a. What will be the diameter of Taiga’s exercise hoop? Round your answer to the nearest thousandth of a meter. b. What will be the radius of Taiga’s exercise hoop? Round your answer to the nearest thousandth of a meter. a C=Md Circumference Formula 2.5=1d Substitution 2.5 b. d Divide each side by Tt. wt 4 Radius Formula 0.796 =d Use a calculator. 0. 136 The diameter of the hoop is r=— =" or0,398 Substitute and simplify. about 0.796 meter. “6 ‘ind measures nintersecting ccs and prove relationships between ccs aatost 225,20 48. WRITE How can we describe the relationships that exist between circles and line segments? Q Aline and a circle may intersect in one point, two points, or may not intersect at all. O A line that intersects a circle in une point Gan be deser ed as a Lary) Q A line that intersects a circle in exactly two points can be described as a secant. Q A line segment with endpoints on a circle can be described as a chord. If the chord passes through the center of the circle, it can be described as a diameter. A line segment with endpoints at the center and on the circle can be described as a radius. *BMLY ote SlabLai, Y 5 gi ons 4 Bamly Wadd 28 Sy Statly dost! abla, 80) (GAN dat) ag gS Salt 7 1) ag3y Ugly 5,81 Cle Aylgat bts cole Gg GAN) Lege! Malet! Ghiey (Sey pLadtLy ddiog Said « SSI Gaye ela Gua gals 551! ghey jSopol! 4a yl gs doless ‘Find measures in intersecting eles end prove relationships between eles nest 229,230 The sum of the circumferences of circles H, J, and K shown is 567 units. Find KJ. Circle ky C= 20 =2n (4x) 6") = BN 3 cycle ws Cy= ano <} = 2 ad KI circle 3 c total CircumPerente = Chr cy Cy S67 = Bre 42x +4 % ‘ 567 = Nise egsuae =6 Je ela) = 24 6 ‘ind measures in intersecting cles and prove relationships between cles nest 229,230 Is the distance from the center of a circle to a point in the interior of a circle sometimes, always, or never less than the radius of the circle? Justify your argument. A radius is a segment drawn between Sy bt Leguyye Baked 9 pleat! casas the center of the circle and a point on Aaguped! Aalaas) Bp! ple Aladig 3,51! the circle. A segment drawn from the gS BSN JR Na Aladd 3! 5S yo3! Cpe center to a point inside the circle will NAT! pled Laud (po Bi Leite Let gle always have a length less than the radius of the circle.6 ‘ind measures in intersecting cles end prove relationships between cles nest 229,230 51. CREATE Design a sequence of transformations that can be used to prove that OD is similar to OF. y First translate QD by 3 units left and 4 units down so that its @) center is at the same coordinates as the center of OE, (—1, 1). Then since the radius of ©D is | unit, and the radius of OE is 3 units, dilate circle D by a scale factor of 3 centered at EL lo * Cr v ‘Solve problems ung the relationships between ars chords, and ameter sos Find the value of x. D Ss 16° E r — G DE and FG are congruent chords, so the corresponding ares DE and FG are congruent and therefore have equal measures. r - Since we are given mFG = 116°, then 220 + 64" = 340° _ mDE = 116°. By definition, a minor are is equal to 220 = 360-64 = 296 the measure of its related central angle. So, the [oe= 148) central angle measures x°, or 116°; = 148) therefore,.« — 116. R 64° SR and ST are congruent chords, so the comesponding ares SR and S7 are congruent 204 20-4 64" 360"” Solve problems using the felatonships between arc, chords and lameters Find the value of x. JK and LM are congruent chords, so the corresponding ares JK and LM are congruent and therefore have equal measures. = Since we are given mJK = 82°, then mLM = 82° Therefore x — 82 A 9 — — x ZB and AC are congruent chords, so the corresponding ares AB and AC are congruent. H+ 10 = 360 = 2x +40 = 366 oe ee ” ‘Solve problems using the relationships between arc, chords, and lamters The chords shown are congruent, so the corresponding arcs are congruent. a7 , ! 115° Since the arcs are congruent, the chords are congruent. me oe ee mS = oe) 22% s18-4 5x =2 X= Fh Bx b Ha» 2.” ‘Solve problems using the relationships between arc, chords and lameters tos as Let GS The chords shown are congruent, so Since the arcs are congruent, their the corresponding arcs are congruent. corresponding chords are congruent. 2x +4=3x+3 Definition of congruent segments —_Definitigg pf conggugatsqgments 4=x+43 Subtract 2x from each side. 6x2 = 24 1=x Subtract 3 from each side. ” Solve problem othe reatontis between ac chor on meters seis as OQV=OW The measure of the arc that corresponds to the chord labeled 3x has a measure of 360° — 198° = 162°. 162° Since the ares are congruent, their corresponding Zz U chords are congruent. 198° Ge aFR— Be - » Te —— ee SS =Solve problems using the felatonships between arc, chords and lameters In OP, PO = 13 and RS = 24. Find each measure. 10. RT Radius PO is perpendicular to chord RS. So, by Theorem 10.4, PO bisects RS. Therefore, RT'= TS By dhe definitivn of seznrent biseutor, 1 1 RT= RS ot +(024)= 12 LL. PT Theorem to find PT. el ; ee = * RP and PQ are both radii, therefore since PQ= 13, RP= 13. Draw radius RP and use the Pythagorean RE+ PP = RP? PT =25 Pr=s Pythagorean Theorem RT=12 Simpl 1 RP=13 Subtract 144 from each side, Take the positive square root of each side. Solve problems using the relationships between arc, chords, and lamers as In OP, PO = 13 and RS = 24. Find each measure. 12. FO TO'PT=PQ Segment Addition Postulate PT=5 and PQ= 13 Subtract 5 from each side. Q \8Solve problems using the felatonships between arc, chords and lameters In OA, EB = 12, CD = 8, and mCD = 90°. Find each measure. Round to the nearest hundredth, if necessary. 13.mDE 14,.FD 15. AF 13. mDE Because diameter BE is perpendicular to CD, BE bisects CED and CD by Theorem 10.4. dz FB=I2, v2 2-6 Therefore, m CE = mDE. —_ 90 ° By substitution, ™DE = ——or 45) ‘Solve problems using he relationships between arc, chords, and lamters ates as In OA, EB = 12, CD = 8, and mCD = 90°. Find each measure. Round to the nearest hundredth, if necessary. ic 13.mDE 14. FD 15. AF Dye 14. FD x) Because diameter BE is perpendicular to CD, BE B o bisects chord CD by Theorem 10.4. 1 So, FD= 78 or 4” Solve problems using the felatonships between arc, chords and lameters ato36 as In OA, EB = 12, CD=8, and mCD = 90°, Find each measure. Round to the nearest hundredth, if necessary. Cc 13. mDE A 14. FD 15, AF Dy 15. AF Draw radius AD, Radius AD forms right A ADF B D Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find AF. =r -BA Pythagorean Theorem Aczr =8 =feE = es z Subtract 16 from each side. = AF 4,47 Take the positive square root of each side. ” Sev probams ung the latontes betwen rc, herds on amaters seis as 16. USE A MODEL For security purposes a jewelry company prints a hidden watermark on the logo of its official documents. The watermark is a chord located 0.7 cm from the center of a circular ring that has a 2.5 cm radius. To the nearest tenth, what is the length of the chord? SS Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the measure, x, of half of the chord that is bisected by the radius. 4> 0.7 +x? = 2.5? 0.49 +x? = 6.25 2(2.YH4.8 1° = 5.76 ) 8) P=25 x=2.4 The length of the entire chord is 2x or 4.8 centimeters.[= nd arent compose ges ton Find the area of each figure. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessa 14cm 8. om 9. h2m +— 20m —4 25cm —Ap= . e bl atom arrofauinge [4240 Achafaranle ; =250), 2=25,w=11 6 = Ud) be et = 275 an? ‘Simplify Ap = tbh > Lejus) = 9om "2 “ =T1en? Simply. tole area = 60490 ee Find areas of composite figures B03 Find the eas figure. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. | M6: MEASUREMENTS p 3 10. 4 =40h Area of a triangle . 2 tye Re = y(olav3) b=8,h=4/3 = 16/3 in? Simplify. Bin. ‘Area of a regular polygon wee! = 20 > = Llay3h6-8) a=4J3.P =6(8) & \ =96,/3 in? Simplify. h /. area of figure =(23area of triangle + area of regular hexagon yexe\ = 2(16/3)+96/3 = 71Tin?[= nd arent compose ges tos a Find the area of each figure. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. = Son Area of a triangle a Ftos.129) b-6,h=4.129 4 = 12.387 em? Solve. 1 A= yar ‘Area of a regular polygon - ee a £1 (4.129130) @=4.13, P=5+6, or 30 tmx“ ajacent “ apothem 2 ao. cl - 2 . pee = 61.935 cm? Solve. 4.129=a — Simplify area of figure = area of pentagon — area of triangle ey) = 5: % 61.935- 12.387 PS = 49.5 an? [= ad rn ompR tos = Find the area of each figure. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. A=s? Area ofa square 12. 6cm s Simplify. Area of a rectangle £=llw=6 Simplify. Area of a regular polygon The regular pentagon consists of 5 congruent isosceles triangles, with central angle of 72°74 Lig y3y39) ga 4.13, p=506, 030 5 (4. P=5%6, 3 opposite tan36°=— tan = PROSE a adjacent =61.95cm? Simplify. 3g Solve fora. area of figure = area of square + area of rectangle + area of pentagon tan36° = 36+66+61.95 AA3~a@ Simplify. ~ 163.9 em?Tetra K ara) Find the area of each figure. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. B bw Area of arectangle 10.392(12) = 10.392, w= 12 = 124.704 in? Simplify. ae sap . Area of a regular polygon ao =F6. 196)(6+6) a~5.196 P=6(6) = 93.528 Simplify. _ opposite a. : tnx = ree area of figure = area ofrectangle area of hexagon = 124,704-93.528 AD =3. ss = 31.2 in? 6(4)- Solve for DC. » We paloma sandr form nou es Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, find the degree and determine whether it is a monomial, binomial, or trinomial. 4. 5? + 4x The term & is not a monomial 2. (2. 21) degre =0 aaa ~ Dae Amonomial is a number, a variable, | Since a monomial is a number, a variable, dr a product of a oF a product of a number and one or more variables. umber and one or more variables, and 21 is a number, then 21 This term is represents a quotient of two monomials. | js a monomial, Any constant number has a degree of 0. 3, O-2c2 41 palywml 4. d+ 3) — br inowns ‘A monomial is a numbet-a variable, or a product ofa number and one or more variables. The term 3d° has a variable as its dlegrea = 4 exponent, which isnot included in the definition of monomial 5.a-a? 6. 5n2+(ne?) olyromvad so olyfans. P ~ Palgpomck binomiod ages ¢ & degree = 2 -[= aes stoi os Write each polynomial in standard form. Identify the leading coefficient. 7.@2 — 2 + 3x P+ Bt. Z, Yead Geffrciek = 5 9. 4- 3c — 5c? ~5e*-3e 44 Le. =-5 M1. t+ 22-348 Ter +2etant-2 Vead Coeff = 13. fx —3x4+7 An oe 3H TR \tad Goff = -$ 8. By+79 es 8Y 10. -y? + 3y—3/° +2 mye sytasget (ee? \ead Gf. ED) 2. 2+r-P -Yar+t2 lead Gdf-= -4 14. —9b? + 10b— b> ~b& abs lob — teed! Geff- ——