Exponents of Real Numbers – 2.

1.

Sol:
We have,
5

( )  1 
5
−3
x =  3 
 x 
5
 1 
= 3 
 2
x 
1
= 3
×5
x2
1
= 15
x2

( )=
5
1
⇒ x −3 15
x2
We have,
x3
x3 y −2 =
y2
1
 x3  2
= 2 
y 
1
3x
2
x
= 1
2x
2
y
3
2
x
=
y
3

−2 x2
⇒ x y 3
=
y
We have,
2
 2 
 −  1
2
−
1

x y  = 2 1
3 2

   x3 y2
 

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 2
 
= 2 
1
 ×2 2× 1 
x y 
3 2

1
= 4
x 3 y1
1
= 4
3
x y
2
 − 23 − 12  1
⇒x y  = 4
  x3 y
We have,

( x)
2 1
− −
3
y ÷ xy
4 2

2
−
  1 1

(y )÷
3 −
= x  2 2
xy 2

 
1 2
×
x 2 3
y2
= 1
 − 12  2
 xy 
 
1
−
x 3 y2
= 1 1 1
− ×
2 2 2
x y
 −1 − 1   1

=  x 3 × x 2  ×  y2 × y 4 
   
 − 1 − 1  2+ 1 
=  x 3 2  y 4 
  
 −2−3   8+1 
=  x 6  y 4 
  
 − 5  9 
=  x 6  y 4 
  
9
y4
= 5
x6

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 9

( x)
2 1
− − y4
⇒ 3
y ÷ xy
4 2
=5
x6
We have,
1
5
243 x10 y 5 z10 = 243 x10 y 5 z10 ( ) 5

1 10 5 10
= ( 243) 5 x 5 y 5 z 5
1
= 3 ( ) 5 5
x 2 y1 z 2
1
5×
=3 5
x 2 yz 2
= 3x 2 yz 2
⇒ 5 243 x10 y 5 z10 =
3 x 2 yz 2
We have,
5 5
 x −4  4  y10  4
 −10  =  4 
y   x 
5
10×
4
y
= 5
4×
4
x
25
y2
= 5
x
5 25
 x −4  4 y 2
⇒  −10  =
y  x5

2.
Sol:
(i) We have
5
 − 15  2 1 1

( 4 )=
1 5 1 − 2 x− 1
(16 ) (16 )=
− × − −1
16 = = 4 = 4=
2 2 2
5 2 2

  4
5
 −1  2 1
Hence, 16 5  =
  4

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(ii) We have,
1 1
( 343) 
( 342 ) = ( 343)
−2 −2 −2×
= 3 3 3

( )
−
= 7 3 3

−2
3×
=7 3

−2 1 1
= 7= = 2
7 49
1
( 343)
−2
Hence, 3
=
49

(iii) We have,
1 1
 1 3  1 3 1
(=
0.001) =   3 3
 1000   10 
1
3
1 1 1
= =
1
=
1
= 0.01
(10 ) 10
3×
3 3 3
10
1
Hence, ( 0.001) 3 = 0 ⋅1
(iv) We have,
3 3

(5 ) × (3 )
3 3
( 25) × ( 243)
2 5
=
2 2 5 5

5 4 5 4
(16 ) × (8) 4 3
(2 ) × (2 )
4 4 3 3

3 3
2× 5×
5 2
×3 5
= 5 4
4× 3×
2 4
×2 3

5 × 33 125 × 27 3375
3
= = =
25 × 2 4 32 ×16 512
3 3
( 25) 2 × ( 243) 5 =
3375
Hence, 5 4
(16 ) × (8) 4 3
512

(v) We have,

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 8
 2
8 13  
 2  2  5 
  ÷   = 13
 5   5   2
 
 5 
−5
 12 
8 −13 −5 2  1
x −5 −
5
 2  2   = =2 2 2
2
⇒   =
  =
( 5)
−5
 5   5  5−5 5−5

1 55 55 3125
⇒ 5
× = 5 =
2
1 4 2
2 22
8 13
 2  2 3125
Hence   ÷   =
 5   5  4 2
(vi) We have,
7 5
−
 5−1 × 7 2  2  5−2 × 73  2

 2 −4  ×  3 −5 
5 ×7  5 ×7 
7 5

( ) ×( )
−
51 × 7 2 2 5−2 × 73 2
⇒ 7 5

(5 ) (5 × 7 )
−
2
× 7 −4 2 3 −5 2

7 7 5 5

(5 ) × ( 7 ) × (5 ) × ( 7 )
− −
−1 2 2 2 −2 2 3 2
⇒ 7 7 5 5

(5 ) × (7 ) (5 ) × ( 7 )
− −
2 2 −4 2 3 2 −5 2

7 7 −5 −5
−1× 2× −2× 3×
5 2
×7 2
5 2
×7 2
⇒ 7 7
× −5 5
2× −4× 3× −5 x −
5 2
×7 2
5 2
×7 2

−7 −15
5 2 × 77 55 × 7 2
⇒ 7 −14 × −15
5 ×7 25
5 2 ×7 2
15
5+
7 +14 2
7 5
⇒ 7
× 25 15
7+ +
2 2 2
5 7
−7 −15
5 × 77 55 × 7 2
2
⇒ 7 −14 × −15
5 ×7 25
5 2 ×7 2

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 15
5+
77 +14 5 2
⇒ 7
× 25 15
7+ +
2
5 72 2

25
21 2
7 5
⇒ 21
× 40
2 2
5 7
25
7 21 5 2
⇒ 20 × 21
7
52
25 21
−
⇒ 7 21− 20 × 5 2 2

4
⇒ 7 ×5
1 2

⇒ 71 × 52 ⇒ 7 × 25 ⇒ 175
7 5
−
 5−1 × 7 2  2  5−2 × 73  2
Hence,  2 −4  ×  3 −5  =
175
5 ×7  5 ×7 

3.
Sol:
We have,
1
−
1
3
2
9 − 3 × 50 −  
2

 81 
1
−
 1
3

(3 )
2
= 2 2
− 3 ×1 −  2 
9 
3 1

( )
2× −
= 3 2
− 3 − 9−2 2

 1
−2 x  − 
= 3 −3−9
3  2

= 33 − 3 − 9
= 27 − 3 − 9
= 27 − 12
= 15
1
−
1
3
2
⇒ 9 − 3× 5 −  
2 0
=15
 81 
We have,

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 1
−2 −
1 9
2
2
  − 3 × 8 3
× 40 +  
4  16 
1
−2 −
 1  3  2 2 2
=  2  − 3 × 8 ×1 +  2  3

2  4 
 2× −21 
2

(2 ) − 3 × 8 ×1 +  −1 
−2 3
−2
= 3
 2× 
4 2 
 
( −2 )×( −2 )  3−1 2
= 2 − 3 × 8 +  −1  3

4 
2
3× 4
= 2 − 3× 2
4 3
+
3
4
= 24 − 3 × 22 +
3
4
= 24 − 3 × 4 +
3
4
= 16 − 12 +
3
4 12 + 4
=4 + =
3 3
16
=
3
1
−2 −
1 9
2
2 16
⇒   − 3 × 8 3 × 40 +   =
4  16  3
We have,
1 1 1 4 −7
2 2 × 33 × 4 4 33 × 5 5
1 3
÷ −3
−
10 × 5 5 5
4 ×65

1 1 1 −3
2 ×3 ×4
2 3 4
4 5 ×6
= 1 3
× 4 7
− −
10 × 5 5 5
33 × 5 5

1 1 1 3

( ) × ( 2 ) × ( 2 × 3)
−
2 × 3 × 22
2 3 4 2 5
= −1 3 4 −7

( 2 × 5) 5 ×5 ×3 ×5 5 3 5

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  12 1 −6
1  3
1
1
 2 × 2 2
× 2 5
× 2   ×3 
× 3
= 1
  
1 3 4 −7
− −
2 5 × 5 5 × 55 × 33 × 5 5

 −6
  13 1 − 43 
 2× 2 × 2×3 ×3 ×3 
5

=   
−1
 − 1 3 −7

2 5 ×  5 5 × 55 × 5 5 
 
 −6 1
  13 1 − 34 
 2 × 2 5
× 2 × 2 5
×3 ×3 ×3 
=   
 − 15 53 −57 
5 ×5 ×5 
 
6 1 1 4
( 2) × ( 3) 3
1− +1+ +1−
5 5 3
= 1 3 7
( 5)
− + −
5 5 5

6 1 1+ 3− 4
( 2) × ( 3)
2− +
5 5 3
= −1+ 3− 7
( 5) 5

5 0
( 2) × ( 3) 3
2−
5
= 5
( 5)
−
5

( 2) × ( 3)
2 −1 0

=
( 5)
−1

= 21 ×1× 51
= 10
1 1 1 4 7
−
2 2 × 33 × 4 4 33 × 5 5
⇒ 1 3
÷ 3
=
10
− −
10 × 5 5 5
4 ×6 5

We have,
( 0.6 ) − ( 0.1)
0 −1

−1 3 −1
3  3  1
    +− 
8  2  3

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 1
1−
= 0.1
3
 8  3 
   + ( −3)
1

 3  2 
1 − 10
=
8 33
× −3
3 23
−9
= 2
3 −3
−9 9 3
= = − = −
9−3 6 2
We have,
1 2
1
+ ( 0.01) 2 − ( 27 ) 3
−

4
2
1
= +
1
1
− 33 ( ) 3
2
( 0.01) 2
2
1 1 3×
= + 1
− 3 3
2
( 0.1) 2
2×

1 1
= + − 32
2 0.1
1
= + 10 − 9
2
1 3
= +1 =
2 2
1 2
1 3
( 0.01) 2 − ( 27 ) 3 =
−
⇒
4 2
We have,
2n + 2n −1 2n + 2n × 2−1
=
2n +1 − 2n 2n × 21 − 2n
2n 1 + 2−1 
= n
2 [ 2 − 1]
1
1+
= 2
1
1
= 1+
2

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 3
=
2
2n + 2n −1 3
⇒ =
2n +1 − 2n 2
We have,
2
−
 64  3 1  25 
  + +  3 
 125  64 
1
 256  4
 
 625 
2
 5 
 125  3 1
=   + + 1 
 64   4  4  3× 3 
1
4 4 
 4
5 
2
 53  3 1  5 
=  3  + 4 + 1 
4   3× 3 
5
4 
52 5 5
= + +
42 4 4
25 10
= +
16 4
25 + 40 65
= =
16 16
We have,
3−3 × 62 × 98
4 1
1
× (15 ) × 33
−
5 ×
2 3 3
25
3−3 × 36 × 7 × 7 × 2
= 1
 1 3 4 1
52 ×   × (15 ) 3 × 33
−

 25 
3−3 × 36 × 7 2
=
 1  1
1
52 ×  1  × × 3 3
 2× 3  4
 5  (15 ) 3
3−3 × 36 × 7 2
= 2 1
− 1
52 × 5 3 × 4
× 3 3

( 5 × 3) 3

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 3−3 × 36 × 7 2
=
 2 − 23 − 43  − 34 13
5 ×5 ×5 ×3 ×3
 
4 1
−
−3
3 × 36 × 7 2 × 3 × 3 3 3
= 2 4
( 5)
2− −
3 3

4 1
−
3−3 × 36 × 7 2 × 3 3 × 3 3
= 6− 2− 4
( 5) 3

4 1
−3+ −
3 3 3
× 36 × 7 2
=
50
 4 −1 
−3+  
= 3  3 
× 36 × 7 2
3
−3+
= 3 3
× 36 × 7 2
3
−3+
= 3 3
× 36 × 7 2
= 3−3+1 × 36 × 7 2
= 3−2 × 36 × 7 2
1
= × 36 × 7 2
9
= 4× 7 2
= 28 2
3−3 × 62 × 98
⇒ 1
=
28 2
4
1
× (15 ) 3 × 33
−
5 ×3
2

25

4.
Sol:
We have,

( 27 ) = 39x
x

(3 ) 9 x
⇒ =3

3x
3× x 32
⇒ 3 =
3x
⇒ 33 x =32− x

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 ⇒ 3x = 2− x [On equating exponents]
⇒ 3x + x =2
2 1
⇒ 4x = 2 ⇒ x = ⇒ x=
4 2
1
Hence, value of x is
2

5.
Sol:
(i) We have
25 x ÷ 2 x =
5 20
2
1
25 x
2 x ( )
= 220 5

1
20×
25 x − x = 2 5
24 x = 24
⇒ 4x = 4 [On equating exponents]
⇒ x=
1
Hence value of x is 1
(ii) We have,
(2 ) = (2 )
4 x
3 2

⇒ 23×4 =22× x
⇒ 12 = 2x [On equating exponents]
⇒ 2x = 12
⇒ x=
6
Hence, value of x is 6.
(iii) We have,
x 2x
3  5 125
    =
5  x 27
( 3) ( 5 )
x 2x
53
⇒ =
( 5 ) ( 3)
x 2x
33

52 x − x  5 
3

⇒ = 
32 x − x  3 
3
5x  5 
⇒ = 
3x  3 

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 x 3
5 5
⇒   =
  [On equating exponents]
3 3
⇒ x=
3
Hence, value of x is 3
(iv) We have
5 x − 2 × 32 x −3 =
135
⇒ 5 x − 2 × 32 x −3 =
5 × 27
⇒ 5 x − 2 × 32 x −3 =×51 33
⇒ x −= 2 1, 2 x −= 3 3 [On equating exponents]
⇒ x= 2 + 1, 2 x = 3+3
⇒ x = 3, 2x = 6 ⇒ x = 3
Hence, the value of x is 3

(v) We have,
2 x −5 × 5 x − 4 =
5
⇒ 2 x −5 × 5 x − 4 =51 × 20
⇒ x −= 5 0, x −= 4 1
⇒ x= 5, x= 4 +1
⇒ x=
5
Hence, the value of x is 5
(vi) We have,
2 x −7 × 5 x − 4 =
1250
⇒ 2 x −7 × 5 x − 4 =
2 × 625
⇒ 2 x −7 × 5 x − 4 =21 × 54
⇒ x−7 = 1
⇒ =
x 8, x −= 4 4
⇒ x=
8
Hence, the value of x is 8

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