Single cell omics technologies

Single cell omics technologies are advanced techniques used in molecular cell
biology research , which involves integrating various single-modality omics
methods, which are techniques that analyze different aspects of cells, such as
their genes, proteins, and metabolites.

. They involve integrating various single-modality omics methods, which are

techniques that analyze different aspects of cells, such as their genes, proteins,
and metabolites

It includes profiling various aspects of cells, including

.Transcriptome (the set of all RNA molecules in a cell)
. Genome (the complete set of DNA in a cell)
. Epigenome (chemical modifications to DNA that can affect gene expression)
. Epitranscriptome (chemical modifications to RNA)
. Proteome (the complete set of proteins in a cell), metabolome (the complete
set of small molecules in a cell) .

. These technologies have shown promising results in producing tissue-specific

and cell-specific atlases, which provide detailed maps of the different cell types
and their characteristics in specific tissues.
. In the field of tumour immunology and cancer genetics, these technologies
have been helpful for researchers to understand the molecular mechanisms
underlying cancer development and progression.

Why there is a need of Single cell omics technologies

. Cell diversity within the human body is complex as cells undergo a series of
processes such as proliferation, differentiation
and death .

. By using single cell omics technologies , diversity is amplified when

considering the tissue in which these cells reside — their local and distant
environments.
. Obtaining a clearer understanding of the origin, state and fate of
a cell in a physiological and specifically immunological is important within
biological and biomedical research .

Methodological and technological advances have given birth to the

simultaneous profiling of genome, epigenome, transcriptome, pro-
teome and other (emerging) omics modalities in an effort to better
understand biological mechanisms and genotype-to-phenotype
relationships.

By utilizing advanced technologies such as laser capture microdissection

(LCM), robotic micromanipulation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting or
microfluidic Platforms , single cells can be isolated into individual
compartments where they undergo barcoding of multiple types of molecules .
It has shown efficient results in enabling genome-scale characterization of cell-
type-specific genomic information at an unprecedented resolution.

Over the past decade,single-cell multi-omics technologies have been

developed to directly characterize the phenotypes that are usually inferred
only from single-omics methods.

These technologies have generated a huge amount

of data that enable the discovery of mechanisms of gene regulation,
protein expression dynamics, epigenetic variation and cell pertur-
bation models, which have revolutionized how we understand cell
heterogeneity in health and disease .

Entering into the new era of Single cell omics technologies

As single cell omics technologies continues to grow ,
advancements in multiplexing, throughput, resolution and accuracy
in single-cell multi-omics technologies are taking us to a new era of
comprehensive delineation of the genetic landscape of a cell and
revolutionized our capacity to identify cellular heterogeneities and
relationships.