Object-Oriented

Programming
(OOP)
Python
 What is OOP?
A PROGRAMMING PARADIGM BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF "OBJECTS."
OBJECTS ENCAPSULATE DATA (ATTRIBUTES) AND BEHAVIOR (METHODS).
PROMOTES MODULARITY, REUSABILITY, AND MAINTAINABILITY OF CODE.
WIDELY USED IN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT, GAME DESIGN, AND
MORE.
 Classes and Objects
CLASS: A BLUEPRINT OR TEMPLATE DEFINING THE PROPERTIES AND
FUNCTIONALITIES OF OBJECTS.
ACTS AS A CATEGORY OR TYPE TO WHICH OBJECTS BELONG.
OBJECT: AN INSTANCE OF A CLASS, ENCAPSULATING SPECIFIC DATA
(ATTRIBUTES) AND ACTIONS (METHODS).
CREATED USING THE CLASS KEYWORD FOLLOWED BY A NAME AND
INDENTATION FOR THE CLASS BODY.
 Attributes and Methods
ATTRIBUTES: VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH AN OBJECT, STORING ITS DATA
(E.G., COLOR, NAME, AGE).
ACCESSED USING DOT NOTATION (E.G., OBJECT_NAME.ATTRIBUTE).
METHODS: FUNCTIONS DEFINED WITHIN A CLASS, REPRESENTING THE
ACTIONS AN OBJECT CAN PERFORM (E.G., GREET(), CALCULATE_AREA()).
CALLED ON OBJECTS USING DOT NOTATION (E.G., OBJECT_NAME.METHOD()).
Data Abstraction
THE PROCESS OF HIDING THE INTERNAL
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS OF A CLASS AND
PROVIDING A PUBLIC INTERFACE FOR
INTERACTING WITH IT.
FOCUSES ON PROVIDING ESSENTIAL
FUNCTIONALITIES WITHOUT EXPOSING THE
UNDERLYING COMPLEXITIES.
PROMOTES MODULARITY,
MAINTAINABILITY, AND REUSABILITY.
Encapsulation
THE PROCESS OF COMBINING DATA
(ATTRIBUTES) AND THE METHODS THAT
OPERATE ON THAT DATA WITHIN A SINGLE
UNIT (CLASS).
PROTECTS DATA BY RESTRICTING DIRECT
ACCESS TO ATTRIBUTES AND PROVIDING
CONTROLLED ACCESS THROUGH METHODS.
PROMOTES MODULARITY AND DATA
INTEGRITY.
Polymorphism
THE ABILITY OF OBJECTS TO RESPOND
DIFFERENTLY TO THE SAME MESSAGE OR
METHOD CALL.
ACHIEVED THROUGH METHOD OVERRIDING
IN SUBCLASSES.
ENABLES FLEXIBLE, DYNAMIC CODE.
Inheritance
ALLOWS NEW CLASSES (SUBCLASSES) TO
INHERIT PROPERTIES AND METHODS FROM
EXISTING CLASSES (SUPERCLASSES).
PROMOTES CODE REUSE AND REDUCES
REDUNDANCY.
SUBCLASSES CAN ADD NEW ATTRIBUTES
AND METHODS OR OVERRIDE INHERITED
ONES.
Some CODE
Examples
Thank You