| lls f BRIDGE ENGINEERING. i | Asch bridge Stoaight bide. He she basic Pe-weQisit ob angineesing is to analyse the stvucture ond tyre. oF toads. gues ik # Rpittie w[0's ave aes Tension, med stoong i comfsession Cawie and weak iM tension . bridge > af the bridge \s made ug oP baitte w[0's then comPsessive fowces exists - Tyres oF BRIDGES!— Byidge is a tonnection tox. uneommected rassts } 0) Bosed on foam: - ft (yh Asch Asch, ryPe pridges— ' TS wig can be Rec, masonty, Pre ~stwessed, concsete, Steel. (hy s' toarght tyre bet idget— —> mia com be Rec, Pre- stvessed concvete, steel - { ily Colle tyre beidge: i — > Mla only will be steer. — Mornent of vesistomce is “ Bew . Tt caves only” tension ‘ie, Steel. —> the mld used must be stvong | Tension, ‘ ¥ Fos constouction of beidge ue need te choose. Me wm[Q fow the comect | design. “Poe stwessed a een! ‘ fst - -Eensioned Scanned ith Camseannerti We ASSUME the dimensions. — he loads will be some fos all bulges ar The IQ 8 aiPe w Att tyre of 1 Pedgg | *e ‘Steel + 1S 8d0! 2007; Asch |- Steel Uh, ~ Ree as cubb: 2000 SNaeresy dill. ne Gruee fe wager] =e-foewed Vi zidiges Codes 6 9 : ae i i Nie — tdentify ‘tne ayte of loading. — Now, we need to analyse -the structuxe: noes BE DR ee Sk [> pTo, design. the bean © cal. the velated ‘wuantities ie, v Design @.mM ete aed —>_. Finally check the, divers omg. to Wh % Fos the design of baldge, we need & assume: he dimensions. eS ae xf leh veg 6 Poo. depth See ee dys'dp v safe ond iP ody > ap then we-desi ae — Tore ‘dy oto, We Key De Ye finany o cheek Jan! Delay pe ane design is oO Hewertive: Fences ; &) Bosed “on tyfe of trading c) Assuming, dinensions.. a ; d) Components ot beidge Rmatysis has to be 9, Founda agericd out Wdividually fox dit. loads. (qeavity) oad & howi2ontar (atewal) — Pom Riga, me ; : i vvidge will be > Few Subjected to vestica) Fig | \ood: —e Goovity load eS: DL =i LS nee a cE fad (Not constant) po 2M (Q- he =Foyy) vce Rene e x" M. at oy Section Mee . w is a function of, hy, Hk) | | ® Estimate the \oad | | # Dekeomine the appsnpriate Rositlon at which j Gives max. BM YsR Up * detewnination, ob desi ‘dads: — 9, Magnitude ey load” Yelv. an! i 3) Caltita Position af a ta + oan to weg). design Aoce.. &:- eve, a.m it eaitieay s.Poow vy foxes due’ ty roving i ak centers: © Suppastt. te man! Papas aeactiont. Scanned ith CamscannerBey a ee ee eee ay wese, the exitieat x position is di fou -B-M \ se > nee x Length of batdge, dePemds on linead’ length: of waterway Scanned ith CamscannerBooks! — | ea Eames midges ~ McG. Agudns & j i) -Design, oF comeneke a VEN: Va2isan) of budge engineering - Thy Vietey | 3) Essentials CODES. * 1) IRE G-2O1b. Lg). aRe 21-2009 |) 3) we Section we Fy) Re” SP 13. | a 5) 1S Sb! 2000 6) vokesal toad - WL IS 815 P32. ee tS. 1893. an guuoces, He seipaes~ 3K MAIN: Com PonentTs oF A BRIDGE! — sae [. a ‘ UFFoet: at | ') Rote] carte (Pexitie : De at ov |) = Tt cane tave bending : ComPIeSION, tration” =e ‘s Cofavie of on} taxing Tension . Comm Pression . | = Tension “defends. upon : \ Magnitude of toads ai | Pomt of. atPlication io? toad. " : 3) Bottom most fort where Peorie walking] standing | eg hoatontol Gigia) ~ Subjected to Gu, W SF 2) Rotter umd ig SOMMER ty the wie “: Amatorny ~ Study of Physiology - ne body. farts. odie salltionting| Tofommonce’ of SOME Uses oF BRi eueGes ci —> Walkways © toa laste, HN) s —> Wighways| sae : | Fa, one piace te awotte) Scanned ith Camscanner LE tesa 7 1 — > Railways wid —> Vipelines - Tt has tobe woiwtomed welts => connecting onds. — > comecting rivers & conals. commecting ABelic % Tales of BepGes:— i) Asch: Ess Anis Ios 1S due to the some of the mgs used ave Shong iw only tt Q)Avch Gomfae Ssion but weak in ce TENSION. —> due to heavy cls (a.m ts neghgibic) =? TAs, Noval shear, Radial sheas, BM... Stas | —> when slaw is huge. > whew depth is wove, ; istigs StweSSeS wail be less : : Wood . TB.M= Levers ovm X Tensior] Combaession . @ Tous. 3) Contileves: - Mose depth Fg a Move ‘moment =>» Baranced. comtileves — continuous — surrost moments ase always..> Son Moments (8) contilevey ) SIE Stayed 2 Coble fully uP ’ dactidd T? Ston is huge. je yah of 4) Se unt iy 2 BM is the Pre- ne domimant one ~ that is designed: BS EE a scan pitas > i Sfon 4 then Q By aN BoM eg SPaw . Scanned ith Camscanner| > optimum Point of &M- ‘ — Bdhage supposted at ends, Qrawty toads’ — Ty acts Tike @ beam — Red omimomt wk My ©) Loading b) Say ©) Boundosy, conditions cost oF super structure [IS Move eh ‘tf stam is lece ® 8) Suspension betdge:— Susfen dess - Hi Thin bose! | Susie us ten slo, bildge., A what “moves “a bald §e sto ouielord loa D) Rovicést Ke . ee oped Q) compression: 4 i 7 A. Pushing | Seesing Rte: b) Tension :— ——> A futing BPRS bo. ty Scanned ith CamscannerBe ei % ARCH BRIDGES s— 2 “Woks by Compression, o) Key stone ~ wedge, shafted stone veh dw ach that locks com? fsce: on, this cls its Posts together: + p) Moutments = Tendency to =) srouctuse hot ‘ ovestusn due supPowes the edges % reuItant oF the bridges os hapold idx =? FE can be, made’ up oF _concuete) stone buick | > sesign ~ deterwination ob els. ee) —Moterigh steehgth, wads 69 v A ; 4 ; 2 “7 Wheve hove you seen these ach buidges », Weald sf2ing axch bridge, Guide (continuous) ‘Santo. Basbasa,”c. Aw - } LR Mess | cémp. ach(com) ee ty Axch Longituding) i COT Oisdey Cvoss beget “ Jisder st vas Peter % 5 {Load twomshes ‘mechavisw)) ~ 4 long, Hisdew ~ Sustevides- ach, | ® hinciete of twaviimisienitys= Moding acting of a font ™ vewtically downward( uPinide i Wading mon, (downstd bo font du. Gawd, Nimes, Raonce iii Scanned ith CamseannerCABLE = SiaVED BRIDGE: — I Ress - vertica) suPPoxting Stouctuve - bles = thick, Skee! vores 6 ae From, whieh the decking *is suspended] i hanged . Ee woos by TF Gc + i Decking — the i Surposted sdadway ov Oe bridge. —> Coble stayed bridges werer: genevally YreRewved Wheee Sfon is -hu uge- > eq || 0) Sundial” Boldge. f Redding’ cA. at (hy Fy ATawhce, ‘ Sunshine Skyway bridge. Gly 2axinn wilage, Boston, MA. * SUsFENsion RIDGES = [I Swmilow d Coble - sta yed. Dif: constuction Seonned ith Comscanner4 “TMVES omen LES ‘ fae = Southesn Pacific Railroad Bridge, = Tempe, AZ- y > comtileves — Fisth of fixth’ Roi Bridge, EdiMburgh, Scotland: : Y se + i Sinus Th detesmmate stauctuses if one’ suffer " % Athen 0 additional Teces “un be developed in a ite @ ded. No temp: effect =S can be’ Préety exten i y hence, ‘badges ave Paefesred ro be. detesmmnate! geouctures- | “ vs. x mdeiesrninate Structures. af 3 Engineesmng:— use of math as estan 0 ork Blve veal whisk Poblems (iiwe . ee evessing| xives) , ; acid : MISTORY of @RIDGESI— TwansPostation mW America, | > Covesed wagense =? 189 bridge \920., Z > Foot boidge nnn - me 2 Se = Ream bridge fons WRebe ans «pokaene? — Tess bridge 7? Adch,, bxidge” 9 _SusPension ibaidge. ico ve te : the # Parign of tension membexs’ = Nek, OF. yori 4 Fw comnbression! in! | a Bucking: eck. = Aqueduct, peck, cobie’” err ; | Fawout budge ~ ° Yonvex ‘dom, .u | Uithely ‘Rech Beidges— > Foumdation fas oS Och! bridge: s centaing “beaw ad ai Scanned ith Camscanner{ — Foxm woxk with Piywood. r= Buick na — bsttom. Oe iA aml me COBUM + —> complete brickworle- > » Sandal wall: Saaz Bockfining: 6 ee 2 complete back Filling: i Lowering of centesing. | Deshutkering oF” Frayne work: | has gral « / tle ent dea i HF BRPGE RESEARCH. PRO Beocings [> Bottow ehosd meres, 5 7 Sti In *rouse Stwuctuses — Onl the mero bess O20) Proces | je, a erthes Com Pression) , kension * “tp web, > To $58 (mply sufrgeted Csoks ginkee Gra | Beaty * Eettorn ‘choxd “embexs "TH || bottom Aes subjected to amnsion: AO COP Pe » COMPRESSION. / & im comtileves, bottom — - compatiston ‘ i oP — Aension. °' Pan * Bottom chowd Yhewbers Ui) be iM, Tension + | TP n " WN Was COMP IEEE HN, LH Mewmvers bin, otto: 29 IBN Ree WER MEMES EE: a Whey. aly be Mciined | VeBH Co gre” # -Tordesign’ truss Bridges — ae Den ae — > Detevsmine the man, fore IW bottarn cho sd: mmembees Undey cee gin padig] fa loading: @® rood is Mvectly Leonsfessed iy: tate Farr. otto chotd Members then jh yp “a Aaidge” Maatute! a > Beading} cx Wess. are Provided ty hold the - two tosses de&v\ i ehnite wid tip Spacing. be Poovited at Joints EE Lbwattrdimar aly! Seonned ith Camscanner — > . cwss Members > road transles> cavss qisdey > Touss (jornts Load is boansmitted diveetly 0 kop chowd en — Deck tyPe bridge. # vik tutes of Boidges:— ’ ‘yeh beidge g) beam ” gy TSuss " |) cantilever» oo ipa ase ‘ 8) Tied ovch » ——7 >, 4 { susfen sion ne . conmected ot two ends: 4) Coble stayed - bridge (aishos C % Beam. bid ges: = pean, comaa yee ot — contnuous - Bit Sp — Sones maa! “cost gi@htegac’ =. “ee skeey Both 2" Roch Bx Wge F Sustersion bvidge:- = the fooces oh s compression aed lls a8. i Hwsionae 2 acting seo coma > Voces oP Vi bending, Sheax ;; and tevs\v1, ; x Tres of LoADs Twat Aut ment : or Foundation!” | | les | | pete HEPA Lee yt Sout n (on ditt esi upon tyte iP scte) Prova Sebhements todd! 9 opin tem? ‘ thee al load 3m ect) oe cE axthquae, je | in Tw tewe & Nadi 4 wind om AWD. yooh Dymamite Pays Oe a, Scanned ith CamscannerF Static load = We Ag Mok a function of time . —— | *% EWect of dynamic tnad > storie Wad 1 Re &- Bee i {—> w tees E eegaledy ty ; ES ais Ag - Toacked vehicles : — wheel loads i |—> class 8 | nai, ) DL cH sek wh, coluwms, bears, wuts BM betty Tem “ Resnonéntly attached +a Stouctuae, DiALLI- weight Of stuf on structure, eorle, duamiture et. 3) settlement Load:— differential? Sette wien t. > Stoucture ail sine h chonge share wshien “thy extRevience this tyre of load. : , y) These) loads styuctise erPands). Shoimes: with stern. causes beam b columns to change Shape (x Od “Push and full on othes fasts of sthicuye i») Eowthqyuake toad: structure Jems bok ki. fosth = |. during: a eavthajuakes ee Wivid toad : l Dynamic toad :— Changes over time, TZ Sousce is WMestial foce. ~ whem: body is im accetesation Due to this. change in time. : Rectonguiars “Asch: Taam gulas sey) 5 Maik 6 corernom yl Sed "ee, Beige Shares? het (TOL CLASSIFICATION of Bhipge LoAning: = VRE Clogs: TOR Wading — pe 1S “Tonnes = Tooky. WD Tones =s should & mass'723s BOING! 3 D> Maw. toad’ exfected => Reomanent: buages pes be checked yw. class, Ai: We cl Nia ee eae " ! ae a loading >. Wheel» twacked. 1 p 7, LES 108s A shading =3:femmenents bridges, , evs: & newer : ; — Ree class 8 toe! “Twbex beldges- , K ch-20y Sv fovticy) OF the above utyles of loading. q : Scanned ith Camscanneret oR wheeled . 2 E FNOTES! 30 ) Fyn tvacked 490m . Fos wheeled’ Vehicles - Zorn => Distance by vehitie k vehicle. A ats bridges => oad comb: Table 2. 3). 207, 48 Single ate}. WT fox ‘a “bogie. 3 The 6-20 | 6 Mrood cotnbination |= y Toe 2. #* Tyres Of Bridgess~ onus sia dal \) Stone arch bridges Hi Ve designed: bo aise, i g) concrsele on. se thiceness; wa, sewing eo. 3) steel deine” 0 y) Gee) givdes " bat ‘Teen tyre, cies conceee on rs type psd! ob) simmne’ steel outs badge AN A) comtitevex Mt A ‘ ; Moveable * * Mes: a b, a Coble stayed ye Wace: eg, . aisleon, ——- \Cwoss giyded Tous wocts like’ hewgieudinon giedes ) Foundation . 4 ne Codss Qivdey st) LONgitudimal gixders - Ue PORES in) Founda Hon Scanned ith Camscannere Anglysisi- Ibis to detesmine ‘i i| S Max: feces in components : oF Bate S | > How does Physics velated get ZA bridge has a deck § supfosts, |S > these decks ond Supposts ave affected by the toe Hi Such as 5 ‘ ' : i )toade on the baldge : |] 2) Envivonmentom feces - O\%, water, goavity Tice, it Wek 7. Wemq Bie: DY tn 4, Forces exerted on @ SuPPost ore called, Feactiong: HF Povces actin 9 ™ beam. bridge... d [fest Hata re 24 Tor 2 coibles ~ Develop tensile isivesses)« ME Adches - “cova Pse. \ylzog ub o i: LOADING S3— noes RB 201 classilication i me ety SE j € Actual toads oct paidg’ be: stovsidered for Sésigned fone ne PAGE Pet s designed \ Q) B-Us= weight: ISETB) Se i Z 4 TOY GE Based GR yee OP’ stay i “ Tusfoce of valde . eee, e™peSaneel . — Based: 6% his’! Ike’ clasatfed Sy & ie nes ate loading Zee wratoa dened x | Oe Re a4 : a2 fe ee te ge ee OTN i = pec Ky slale basa Sion \ Vioaa - Oale — wheel - chuve = toad teonales Mechanism, le 1 Mood “Pots 1 % Peomanent botdg es > “we loading = dao 3 # vill tlw cuvest Bridge. ‘ —? In Rudge, fundation, SUb, Steucture Y super. veoirt! Souctuae’ “ove MAWiduay Unites Wcuwesk <3 a) —> Pesmanent ) —? chetved Ay. Chas D> heavier shes Maren] Scanned ith CamseannerAe: ore taken meted Srom Wheeled vehictes, as Parmt loads " n Tracked " w Upe contact oseo. is” more, 4 - _> should be checked Foo class! A. > ’ t — > nal wads oy which Resmonent badges | P [wed > hos to be considered Si feomanent bwdges 6 —> Adopted ys Timbes bridges - JoR wheeled vehicle - ; oR Twacked vehicle. 1 # Vr de Bt we WE kt oak ae PAL Tr 3-960 1.520 2.130, | \310., 305033 370" 04] 4 : iz Class “IR (Wheeled) = Longitudinar fas! tow * N28 1990 " Max. Single > Ole load » WHEEL, ARRANGEMENT Seonned ith Camscannerwu 510 AK Min; 90-000 + = UeS10-—y 2g CONS ORCTRACK) HLONGITODINAL SECTION, » i : ‘ WHEEL ARRANGEMENT FoR “oe ¢ SVEWCE. sic} aor 2280 oe NOTES:— |) athe nose t toi) Pocing bln two Successive vehicles Sha not be tess hon gow foe ‘acked Vehicle UL tom fos wheeled vehicle ~ Fos muiti-lone bridges \ cunests, each clas ne toading shan be Considered ty OrCUPY tus ianas & Mo okhey vehicle: shan’ be ONowed JOMes. The fossin ‘aw only be fon See thaw these ilo’ lanes. ; r shown m Table 2 Pee sthe--wheeted Vehicle A smge axe ox yo tonne HES saced mot more thon 1-22 cemtyes. a ee class WR roading is OWlicavle emily Sy bridges y having cowiage way width oP sigmy LW alcove je, 2x2 49.92 5.3) «the wninimnuwn cleaxanc 7 Scanned ith Camscanner, perween the soad Jace. of the Kesh and the { uses edge of the wheel oy teak, °c’ Sha we “\2m. joct fnsk Cae t oe d | ) the win ceavance in. the outes edge of wheel a wpe sack OF Passing Os CHDsiing. vehicles fos ynutti “lyme pidge. Shatl be lem. Vehicles Passing ov | ctdsing com’ ve eithes some class 6s ail. “etogs “Aached os Wheeled. | 6) Axle “Toad wm tonnes, Tneas dimension in meters, +) Fox Ayre Wead width deductions Y.othes Wwf. 7 Mores ie . ‘ W ganged! oe ) (pala o-0 : $ i i leh ‘od a a afl folee bdostl | EP Bd vy) we EE ob) nite He eet Pg Coal Mwy 68 68268 SIT BT ‘ant Fa ae : 7 CLASS A TRAIN OF VEHICLES. 21 PLAN Ge awe vara nein Ge ore Ua Use Ud ud TRAin HOF Vewrcues Scanned ith Camscanneree Ht sinne width (cuy) Noo lanesl — Lood combing) JT ano} cowsiage width (cw) Ye of law s ation ips design 1 * fusposes: | : I. Be ale opholee fone tone oP dang Jon Z : @ ome oF clas: TTT] tess Aon B32 - ! eonsidered 48 occ {i Sas The we HY : an Wig} wivig wath | ith 6 OF Cassig Cwoly sha 4 ig PPE Hooded wit \ : i yt i S90 g| wa? || Toc} saw Woweve wae | 2 one lone of class I i less thon 9.6 8 ea lames of | ||) 3- | 9.6m Wovove but 3 pre lane oP ctas 0g I Ness “thay, 3.1, £ SEVEDY two lOnes ‘ esa fy witty me me i | % $ ' class A ‘ | s z remaining. lanetoy t * £ nthe i 3 ior ae class A, “ab. W ative BIE E less than = 1h 6¥n Mead we tone cai a : on d Aq aAbb¥O Weave but | \esS thaw’ 90-4 2” 6 1 V above but, | a tess th ee? | OR one cme on 23-§ Atos cach au . ] ORSIGN OF RRidaes =", eo LJ various, “considesa tions. cn i i) Tyre of Bridge “thy Miss to be-used, “Ohloh SUR fovting it: without Gy: beams: H—> The Slab is Subjected: ty : > zt Is difficuit}. aitereng we ¥b design the slab when font toads oe atime s ik: e SC Scanned ith CamscannerVs pesian MX ANALUSIS OF A DECK SLAB BRIDGE: so se PURPOSE OF BRDGEr” ~ oe ‘A bridge iso Stwuctuse Povviding Passoge’ “oles on obstacte without closing the way beneath: _> “he wequised Passage may be fox a doad O& sailway, Pedestrians, a canal ov: Piteline:. —> ‘he obstacle to be cndssed.. may be a wier, O& Bad, Vailway 68; , Valley. y | FR COMPONENTS “OF BRIDGE STRUCTURE! ~ 4 eat ‘ ahs Fe Jomt™ Wand, fasofet * Rails! te . eS uborckie Hos to: ove a : vo SURES stouctuve | BADE : § ¥ —} Reoxing coat - Bitumen. =, | ye dete => = coMevete. yeah _ Longitudinal” gisid ey Soo CHES “Gixdey | ~ hes ~~ . Beaxings = : Te Ress] Aeukments ~ sue sisuctare s “? Youndation , Ie Scanned ith ComscannerB.S ee JE PLANING! POR” BRIDOEN | 1 Dato. collection,» Analysis of rato —> f selection “oF Bridge soo! : T. Dato. collection ye : —> Tecation ob bridge site vid ey Seana — > Twonstestation” of battlge site = Nature of cepssing: & Hosdability. 2 Ly of local material. a I Toaric volume: es lene al 2 “Availability o& tical beidge \buildexs- = STEYOPDBOTY COHssiNg - & ; (2 Local Posticipotion. i 5 j |W. Aviatysi~ oP dotae-—! (i) Showtest istonce fos Buldges— 6. 7°! | 2 Key Foctos Tos selection “of Betdge ; || =? To tonstwct o Bridge: the fisst Past of onalyts vi ty decide the shovtest soute Re. the batdge “Asyin, Starting foint to the ew, Point whethew.it- 8 necessary, 4 economical to Constyuct Oo brid ec. : > to this’ Past “eal Sis; cue: en; j One Cveut yA CMONSIE, eclives: ents of ves fons yo | Economic san of defend upon the Cost of ie i 3 Sub stuctube. cing 3 S fubia b) SURES Structure, bins, Sea i 2fEcSnemical Ye cost of Sule Stoucture ‘ay. Scanned ith Camseanneray Scour DePtn: =the deren which is is + paoduced due | ZH the scot Scouting action ob water: L-5 perth of scous below the WEL — > Scour eR has im Powtance my dete nation of depth’ of foundation. «' —> Th meon Scous’ depth is “4! > then: Was. Scous depth Toy Mievs is ‘oq’ SDs detenrined werotitg QV): Vestical cleasomee:— e oer Ne “Min. Vertical} cleawance of bn ~should: be ensuye ovey the full width of woadway. gait ~The Vertical cleawance ‘should :be- nen sused with ‘segoud ty the highest point, of casviage: Way. Mowance Pos ony Autuse BaISING, of Pavewe wt: is alse be made. zi ; ) Traffic sojection: — “* > Anotytis of Yahi if Re néeéscaiy "Be ‘he bid designing - Tyaffic,, Projection delines the omounb OF odie! fasting though the, badges this helps in Estimating the tyre of loadipg... Sometimes in case of emergency ‘the ommount oF ofc Increases So that a sufficient Sfoce Is fanvided fos the vehicles to. go Aheough the buidge,, without. facing: ony Rovbiems- Selection of Bridger styfersieit Geometric condition of the site (ad clgnent design Food ’’'& Highest woes, norsk) We Twalhic caPacity- ss cz, Stwuctursal Stability. 97 Foundation conditions. t st a abutment Available Modesiat |. eee and eqwuipinent a i au NEON ¢ 0, i Gentes aalobrement apne, I io mavicng 3 Scanned ith Camscanner Th cee ‘|aI it sited a 2 I> A_bsidge with’on upper Novigontal beams Mop” | Cases voadway ov vailway i Known as Decys i F the Bvidge: ta had, ligt > ance cine Bridges, he deck itself isthe. | Stourtuval foome ox the evtine deck ig. thin beg | Gctmg entivety. as one Parmary, MEM bes. These | (| Ayres” ae used where the depth oF the Study, ii \S- critical Factory - : th ba |? A Slob dece is one where the decy. is onaly 2e ag | % Pate: TP the slab Was the different stl nes |] cow Awol divections Bight angle to’ each othes, {h the beige iss amatyzed OF the ‘osthho tenpic |) ote deo the the “boldge is kyiowin, to. be. the |) vo Deck Stow Bridge’ aoe aati altA | HK idGe sTRVCORAL vesian: — i —> Loading classification ; est | ay are close Aa loading 8) ctoss “I0-R toading POSTS ret Sas Qe ee Sorat th Wa Bo St adgpted foe em Posasy Po steuttuser phy! a a ailod \* Woods, forces NW staesses: 2 Yead Loads | “Ue? Ubads’ ; i Snow Loads’ Sth set i ht DmPacky Mebyvomié toady : i pe foessure. Seo : Nehicle colligign-loadgeoi id ove: f Wind loads 5 THNPACK due “by Hoa ting: bode, Wakes “ctterenty: Soe d eS centrilugal forces. Ove toad Sus chag WI “Budyoncy” ~ Me ba) j Temperature eects ue gieeiad “-Dermation’ re D SDE gb aeN 7 j ie condaty ae erie | o Belsmics Tyce _beadene au Seonned ith Camscannerping, STANDARDS: ~ i Gesy countsy has KS own Stomdasds {os wading. “-pydio! Has two Joading standards. 8) 8c (endian! Rood. Congvess) Wading’ ~ 5 class 108, AA, A,’ woodings. > Iw class AA these ave two tyfes. + Teocked o- VDL - + Wheeled s..>..foint loadss 2 HRs, Gndion Railway Stan doyds’ | 5 thaio hos different load stondards foe voadways k vailways - ; (ily Baitish” stomdord (8.5) Wadings "two tyres; de @)eGritish Gromdawd HA” ldading: Oa HB. doading,. {ity “Aynesicn” has,.’AASHTO” (Americom Association of State Highwoyk Transfovta tion officials) (iv) French highway loading. (V) Highway loading fox” Jaron © ) “ " 4 Gesmony. ‘iP. bin garam k Imdion loading ‘ts Fos Jaron - intensity of loading is; |. Stoin BoM ~~ Givenas a Function of Say ie te Whtensity, oF loading dePends ufo Stay .. Fos Qi okhey Standards *eocert Tdian Standard. eae ) Néwaediand Kos its Qu : loading _ System, ) Sweden Miectn ane 4 Seonned ith CamscannerYR WE Cass AA LOADING! ~ S Weight Took’ fa Ate red C= 1200. * Fas two lane, 3 J), €0I0g.€ Woy of 7-5. BS0KN api oafot Fe de unitate avert eb Bige > “350 1200 ;~, 850: 0) TWacked vehicle aR Ly Ll a aS ZS. ZA— GWA. , 2p 300 1, 100 + 1,300 |. 800' 300 b) Wheeled vehicle. ie IRE CASE AR. Spgacked wheeled vehicies. Scanned ith Camscannercontact length = 36m: Load = OKN |, , width oF tack = 0.85%. h Gwtock asco = 0.25K 34> 3.0m ; > class. AA Vehicles has two axles. — ae x vmpact;eoAO!= "y's VA Limit state, design ~ Lo Bee | hoy thant tate | >, WRG bE 2000 ste 9 i facie t ie TS smgack Factor (.) & DESIGN oF BtwGess Kens sivength of BC Gridge ‘Decvs!~ ys. Sheae a pidge Decks'= gre Shears youluyer iy Budge Deck Slabsi- -, ; a) diogenal “Ten sion. : b) Plexuse-'sheas: , C) SHEOS'= "COMPRESSION, 3 Shears - Rond- : — e) Shears - Friction eon ee, sheos foituves ore. likely! to occtis Hear’ the’ supports ok baidge decks where max. Sheas forces . develoP due: to ovehiculas loads. a i) Gu Analysis oF Sloe decks: 4) sold States Sfannng in one sdisection: =" “1 Single concent waked ocd: res the effective width’ where, L=eff span-. bast (FRE constant defending upon the catio @r) vy 3p a dist» GP icentoe of qoavity of toad mM NCAT “SUPPOSE: R= width of slax. ; . K value’ foom Table, ub { \Rern2sz0i0) Anca 3) 2. Solid cantilever, slab: r here . boys = bacard:th, OF the concentsation odea of load Scanned ith CamscannerWag ee Sfiarae N wis) empe % design ehilosothy. oF Srasonny wider is emp ‘icq pecans hu Xreet bsidge . - ~ getesrninistic mI: wineteves may be-the eof Yeading, bridge “LOADING? 4e most Tw Postant: Ahe boi bridges May be oP Rec, Steel, Taber, Paitiay bridge etc. e@ load is not Stoticn » use ee changes avin ‘imme, to tne, " oe on Rosses? across” Ke beidge = Beorn Gruss) sigh) has to, be designed. Masowey bridge” - Zt does not act like: beam Ik is a” compressive: force. Loading W estimatton, is aiRreuies i i ¥ LOADING! iit: i J} ,, vaheel, loading: § conta nea” is legs. 4 / oi Neads: Youd.’ then ‘othes loads 2) Twocked loading — Distabuted seaa Ubi ee €g— (ly Fed TR oadin ge; 47 dole hi — 08d 27 NATE TAEN, ae ini 72, Width 2 o.8um 4 7? ‘engin v- usin, Wheel toad = 350KN" “Cus! beets) a | wheels Hew We wheel tad ate ANT eR 2 eter 3) Coss: AR, loadivig’ - ce wheets-- Each, wheels 23 Boxed (Voda) 58 8] class A Voodd re) Piva Ye? pase neat juheeis: & distance un eadth © Width ‘Ge eénstoints 4 Seonned ith Camscanner—> bhogie = Toiey.@. —? class A - Lood is mkN Goh toad) > dass R ~ © 6 WEN Cotton hi bea 5F TR LOADING: © evass AA loading is similos to JOR Wainy) < f= 350KN OB y - 2-4), /| he a | is 380K Afegbure ") — WTI tah + * 0) class’ TR Toacked veicles O-BImi! Tin {00 0-81¥y AK y 0-263 16957 6.263% “b) ctoss TOR Bogie Asie Tyfe Vehicig _ Total '0a d=, 1000 KN J ' Boe, N20. Bol nie m8" Mo. fa tq a ee tee Gin) Suv 340 Wee. 2130.10 -3050 ‘31D Vo. Pt 0) dass “TOR wheeled vehicle Aoading a QT: Ie cease Tok TRACKED & WHeeren vemcres. Scanned ith CamscannerHike cass Be LoADING | CLASS ArLOADING + au 1 6 CBRE BRA De Gye Uy Oe UF Gass ¢ ies Toe} 500 on 2 Wy ny 6% 6& . 68 wap YH Noo 3200 \2o0- creas Baday —~—y ' ' ' n Le Foo tab tone casioge wou, of 1.5 ¥0 et -geee es ISornm, Ae cLAss “alongs. LOADING VemncLe BE SASS. A) CLASS 8-10, Scanned ith Camscanner(o) HEE CLASS. A LOADIN ; 5 Ahe ‘wnpact allowance’ is eagvessed a3 6 Fen ction’ of eyawe applied (oad. i ‘ | | br? To al. T, Wweneed : “yee ‘oF Loading, wil _¥ stan | wnesty Ae constant value defends .uron wld = ws es Ree boxdges) fos Steel Ri “valtle defends upon mo. F 16D sr Ree ‘beidges) an 28-3 (Bow i steer 2 a> Sfavt' wn! Smetses. I = Fact: factors Fsaetion 3 in bly 50-854, "Foy San & 63m ia =o (@c boidges) wie docu = 0-BUS, (stee\ badges) eas 2 Ue usm then Es 0.088 (fox Bc, sbaldges ire fs Mr fet FE O-18y fox steel» 9 ie, Cats whe sRan, ‘Less is Impact. foctes(3) Lesses T(Qeeie si sho, ones, ae alate hy oe highway bridges cam “be” duectly torned’ fom he: below: cue. eT fie Ul the ‘Stvesses ‘mom, element: is obtamed: (OD ‘ working loads & comfased with | Reamissible Stresces, > “The method Pilows near. Stress- Stvam behavious “of both the , materials: Modulos ‘sats cow be used to detewwine allowable Pow wae constoietion in case of wer the Modulas watio ISAO : Materia) copa bilities -are..undes estimated td large extent: “Factoy, ob Safety ove used mM WSM. The Mevnbex iS Considered OF wowing Stress. Lrtimate toad cassyiing- copacity cannot be predicted Accusately. sthe mon dsdwhae dP this wethod is that it 2 dsesults IN OH UNeconomical”” Section”! AY, Kinds oF Maloy Stouctuae| dm postant suctin Nive bridge constwuction &Eomk: constuction” SGettorguidd: tank & inte tank. etc.) is still Usually” designed by only Wem: é b) Com Cimit state Method) :— H—> the stwesses ave. obtained tooim designed? toads K compared wait design’ stsengtn’. —? In Abis, wethod, it Hows Whe ay -steoiw™ delakionshiP but not lmeay, skyess selationahip (ome of the mais aH bin tun methods oF Sign.) The ultimate. steesses OF materials itser. Got- used AS ‘ollowable Styesses. RES ‘OR’ LOADS] Fokces: - Dead Load Uve | Tinfosed Load See iat Tmfask Lo) : ae ee cere Load. es Seonned ith Camscanner‘i i—CE)= 4 *TRIFUGAL , Fakce: —C) ae I ST copsideaed only. fos baldges .constoucted 01 si2onta) cusve; an ke roe oe cute oF straight. fostion bridges, R=, Seis coneUeE “bo 'dck ot a” Height eR Lah above thes level of cavsiage way. vere,” c= centostugay favee in KNE We Live load in kn: f Ve SPeed of Vehicle im kph, son Phat Radius oP hovigontal cusve tm Wi IND_ LOAD: f ‘ ‘ i ! y Wind depends on movement OF ais. ' Aressuve depends upon wind SPeed., Whole India is divided to aif zones foy folaeat Calculation of uind speed | Pressure. 1S 815 Fost 3. - Wy ao 20s) || Vb, (Ks; ke, Ks)}—> constants. nefatva Tt IS assumed aS hovizonto) Puce on ALO which owe é ui Foo dece semuctine’ ~ area. of Tod sla’ g area of elevation of i Hows hail the oea: of Rlevation above the » eK Slabs, 1 4 (©: Highway ordinasy: bridge!” ~ JkNlm, 8 pidge! eomayiing Fromewnst =.4.5 Knyf, Lon ce SN sept 7 QTUD WAL Forces? og < {tue #0 bwates (Tce Fefction bin dear g se). tant. dain bas i Ces besult Foon vehicle wEAKNG $5 accele sorting nile ‘Wovelling on bridge : Scanned ith Camseanner— As the vehicle bakes, - the toad oF the venicl® |, is toons terre d Fawn its wheels’ to badge deck. > are’ specifies a Vongitudthar’ “Fosces ‘OF, 207) is APP oD Fula te oh ane fosce is applied ‘evey oF deck. ot avy above Bhe ie Longitudinal TEES ao Pra le ° > nee Go) BW = 9.2uW coeeneny Se Fosces?~ ar “Fron, geoguarhicat técottons 08 badge. ont es bee eee ao of goavity|: vertical loads (0) L—> these. ase temporary fysces act! Fos Showt dusartoy. > fn earthayuake fooce is the Fanctiem of the Followmg- ( } ' , | 0) DL oF styetuee : bine ful | 3 Qsound LRMOTON Oe oy eg i Period bP wievottion: ; 5 No tuse of Sot ie ‘ (7 calculated as, i uhert, FS hostzontel ices ‘ » One Seismic coeticients (egienee fe. vahee wah W = PAN LL octing above the sectors 3) zwfock, ioaas - pe se ic sequin Be the - neni abfects: cb ben ie gets a vehicle on baidge stwuctise? Tt i a es by WA eielging” ‘ve Woo - with I? the Wfock. pe scoleuloted as the! iRo- 6 gested’ which, oe. discussed: below. ‘ factors’ fox ciate A. “wading. g Facto: W5,— Ree bud eee ON Scanned ith Camscannerwe 5 tea T es OMe | bo Wy Rec bridge} EFM ek Pe ee | oe ef. stom. srnpact 4octos fos class AA k closs We Joading , is Pow, SRow: <9 | 9) Twatked Vehicle ~ 957, Tox Sfon urto Bm : “weducing wy 8 ew aw. 8) wheeled vehicle ~ 95%, fw stam uPte am. {ty Fox stom avn: — : ; a) Twacked: vehicle — fan Ree badge 107 wets yom k as pes qvaph ‘av spam >Yom. Fas steel bsidge tor. of al) SPon. A Sass ¥) wheeled vehicle — fox Ree wiidge 95% uPto 19m & aS ted quarh fo ston >i2m. Fr seo} badge 957. fos ston upto o3ur- Fike CASS B LowING:=, |, 2 Used Ted Aevntowasy beidges. ; : TEAS OF light oad aS! compared to’ all thew loading,” * CLASS TOR _MOADING, ; 23 “ —PNoki used: In ous Couvitsy , it is used only ™ US+ F CouPoients OF A T2REAM, BRIDGE! 5 ay Beornsf civaey, Retaining IN wa) = 2COP Sipe] few: Si Mind Sithitay¢ Seconda Re Vettical Planking i Abutment’ & Piewgi(o? Nieves fostion. 3 Gea i ; tudinal Qisdex = —> Poundortions. Scanned ith Camscanneri D Tpawsvesce Members eteeeren Awanvesse Stitmess of stay Longitudinal’ ' members sepresent =ing ‘Gioder! & stab. Bea bridge rdmbes Piamey ’ Slob hoS-to-be designed as tomtieves, Postion . =>) Long. Jindess- acts as “SimnPly wee has to be > omss on deat’ + ca pe . ad diPlexentiy: J Routments' =" subjected” to taterial aces froade a fiews = " “axial H ac, “> Rearing i cormects sures & sub stvucture. ne ~ Shoek absovbess. + ‘. Oe 7 Foundation” -, pies ete aes : *! shalioy foundation’ = zsslated Rating 1! i ~ Raft tbundation . “2 DgeFfaundation: File, [one Go group of Files .4 Ob. fcommected” hyo | t fle cop 7 } cy oadng vey high... | | Wet foundation ce Seonned ith Comscanner