Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA 2023)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DW8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-1398-7

Smart Crosswalk Management with Vehicle-to-

Pedestrian Communication
Dr. S. Srinivasan Dr. Ramakrishnan Raman Dr.Chintan Bhupeshbhai Thacker
Professor, Department of Biomedical Director, Symbiosis Institute of Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering
Engineering, Saveetha School of Business Management Pune & and Technology, Parul Institute of
Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Symbiosis International (Deemed Engineering and Technology,
Medical and Technical Sciences, University), Parul University,
Saveetha University, Pune, M aharashtra, India Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ramakrishnan_raman@rediffmail.com chintan.thacker19435@paruluniversity.
srinivasan.me.03@gmail.com ac.in

Prof. Abhinav Shrivastava

Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Law
School, (SLS) Pune, Symbiosis
International (Deemed University),
Pune, M aharashtra, India
abhinav.shrivastava@symlaw.ac.in

Abstract— Crosswalk accidents involving pedestrians
remain a major problem in highly populated places. It
provides a unique solution to this problem by connecting
vehicles with pedestrians through the Internet of Things (IoT)
and improving pedestrian safety through vehicle -to-Pedestrian
(V2P). V2P communication prevents pedestrian accidents in
the proposed system. S mart crossing management systems
collect real-time pedestrian and traffic data from IoT sensors.
These IoT devices include cameras, sensors, and connections.
V2P communicates between vehicles and pedestrians at the
crossing. The smart crossing management syste m improves
traffic safety and efficiency and reduces pedestrian accident
risk. This system might increase pedestrian safety in high-
traffic areas during peak hours. IoT and V2P communication
provides more intelligent and linked transportation to the
environment, helping smart cities become mobility.
Keywords—IoT, Sensors, Pedestrian Awareness, Urban
Safety, V2P Communication (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian)
I. INT RODUCT ION
Veh icle-related deaths of pedestrians have become a bit
of an issue in recent years. Stochastic models, a reactive
mechanism, and representative scenarios involving
pedestrian-to-infrastructure (P2I) and V2P co mmunication
are proposed as a holistic framework to improve pedestrian
safety [1]. Ho wever, the best way to share information
between vehicles and pedestrians is still in the air. The
unique method priorit izes pedestrian crossing and assures
safety while maintaining Autonomous Intersection
Management efficiency [2].
The technology works for hu man-driven self-driving cars
without extra infrastructure or pedestrian-carried devices.
Co mpared to traffic light-based solutions, the proposed
Autonomous Pedestrian Crossing (APC) protocol for no
signalized junctions reduces vehicle delay and pedestrian
walk length. APC works on traffic scenarios with self-
driving cars and a mix of hu man-driven and autonomous
vehicles.
Management of road traffic accidents is a very nuanced
and delicate matter. The V2P system, a communication
system that serves various Vulnerable Road User groups and
has varying aims such as safety or convenience, has received
increased attention recently [3]. It provides a high -level
overview of V2P systems, concentrating on the various
communication technologies used by V2P systems and the
different processes used to engage with their end users.
Incorporate them into a proposed V2P system
framework, a co mprehensive overview of the current state of
V2P activit ies, and the design concerns specific to safety and
convenience applications [4]. Evaluate and contrast V2P
safety system strategies across VRU and pre-crash contexts.
It discusses certain technical obstacles before VRUs can be
fully integrated into V2X networks.
To enhance pedestrian safety, provide a generic
framework incorporating a stochastic model, a responsive
control mechanism, and common scenarios, including V2P
communication [5]. Different consequences of uncertainty in
a V2P co mmunication system are defined in the suggested
stochastic model. Under V2P co mmunication situations, the
responsive control mechanism is employed to boost
pedestrian safety.
Accidents between pedestrians and cars have been
connected to pedestrians text ing [6]. Imp rovements in sensor
and communication technologies allow pedestrians to get
data on traffic conditions to navigate hazardous intersections
better. However, it must be apparent how this information
might be conveyed to pedestrians most efficiently.
Veh icle crashes continue to be one of the world's most
devastating constants. Despite many efforts, this category of
accidental death still accounts for a disproportionately high
number of annual worldwide deaths [7]. V2P co mmunication
to prevent collisions is becoming an increasingly popular
area of study. In this research, we comp iled an exhaustive
literature review covering the history of work on V2P system
design.
Delivery performance and channel availability of V2P
communication using safety beaconing systems at a typical
junction [8]. Both measures characterize the present state of
the network and have the potential to significantly affect the

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DW8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-1398-7
stability of a system designed to avoid crashes. From the
findings, it is clear that the default V2P configuration needs
to provide more guarantees for delivering critical messages
since the beaconing intervals required for early detection
might add a substantial strain to the network.
II. RELAT ED W ORKS
A V2P warning system may effectively reduce the
number of pedestrian-vehicle collisions. When the system
identifies a situation where a pedestrian and a vehicle may
have an accident, it warns both parties to avoid mishaps [9].
Prior notice time refers to the period before probable
incidents and may be predetermined in the system. Ho wever,
owing to system latency and inaccurate GPS localization, the
actual notification time may vary fro m the expected
notification time. The term warning error describes this
deviation.
Crossings at signalized junctions with marked crosswalks
improve pedestrian safety by giving pedestrians the right of
way [10]. A large percentage of deaths involving pedestrians
occur at signalized crossings , which the illegal actions of
pedestrians may largely cause. Since deaths of pedestrians do
not happen at a constant rate throughout a city's signalized
crossroads, it stands to reason that the frequency with which
laws are broken would similarly vary.
Intelligent Transportation Systems depend on V2P
communication. It suggests Smartphone Wi-Fi modules
might broadcast pedestrian location data to enhance traffic
safety [11]. These Wi-Fi-based systems could not
accomplish two-way co mmunication with minimal latency,
severely impacting user experience. BLE-Horn, an Android
app, uses Bluetooth Low Energy to provide bidirectional
many-to-many conversations. BLE features min imal latency,
battery usage, cost, and smartphone compatibility.
V2P pedestrians need a reliable connection and speedy
message transmission if a moving vehicle is nearby [12].
However, network congestion requires optimum resource
allocation to ensure rapid and secure communication
between vehicles and pedestrians. In this research, we offer a
distance-based utilization of resources that divides
pedestrians into categories, conducts a one-to-weighted split
matching, and uses reinforcement learning to allocate power.
As autonomous vehicles are undergoing worldwide tests,
it is increasingly acknowledged that the advancement of AV
technology must be accompanied by a comprehensive
comprehension of strategies to foster acceptance of the
technology and facilitate favorable human-AV interactions
[13]. The development of human-machine interface design
for A V by improving interactions between the vehicle and
pedestrians. This will be achieved via graphic messages
visually shown outside the car.
The suggested system uses two dedicated short-range
communication (DSRC) modems to simulate vehicle and
pedestrian communications in real time with sensors and
traffic, a need for experimentation in the real world [14].
Model and hardware-in-the-loop simulat ions provide for
both standing and moving pedestrians. It provides two real-
world tests that show how V2P may be used to prevent
collisions between low-speed autonomous shuttles and
people.
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V2P collision avoidance through wireless networks uses
existing technology not specifically designed for this
purpose, such as smartphones common among pedestrians
and vehicles, cellular networks, and the cloud [15]. Both
drivers and pedestrians may benefit from the road safety
app's features. This software regularly updates cloud servers
using beacons with location data about moving vehicles and
people. The cloud analyzes potential threats and notifies
drivers of potentially dangerous situations.
III. PROPOSED SYST EM
Pedestrian accidents at crosswalks have increased as
urbanization and traffic congestion have worsened in cities.
To solve this serious problem, it provides a fully function al
prototype of the system. Advanced V2P co mmunication and
other IoT technologies are used in this concept to make cit ies
safer for pedestrians and increase traffic flo w efficiency.
Pedestrian and vehicle accidents may be greatly reduced by
implementing our model, which centers on developing a
smart and linked system that promotes real-time
communication and situational awareness. Sensors in
intelligent traffic control systems gather information,
including vehicle numbers, speeds, and locations. Users
collect data on pedestrian traffic, including volume,
direction, and crossing frequency. Data on weather, traffic,
and road conditions may also be gathered to determine the
best possible time for signals and enhance safety.
A. Working Model
Central to the system is installing IoT devices with
sensors at strategic intersections around the city.
Microcontrollers such as the Raspberry Pi are used as the
brains of these gadgets, handling all of the data processing
and analysis. Infrared and ultrasonic sensors, among others,
are positioned at key locations to monitor pedestrian activity.
In addition to the live video feed provided by the cameras,
environmental sensors collect data on things like the amount
of light in the area, the temperature, and the state of the
roads. The IoT devices depend on reliable power sources like
batteries and solar panels.
The system's sensor selection includes accuracy, reach,
reaction time, durability, and price. To maximize efficiency
and safety, crosswalks should be connected with sensors
such as cameras, ultrasonic, or infrared that can consistently
identify people and vehicles in various weather and lighting
situations. The IoT devices are connected to reliable network
communication, allowing them to communicate with a
command center without problems. Cloud servers host this
system, which is responsible for receiv ing, processing, and
analyzing data as it arrives. IoT devices can communicate
with the main system quickly and reliably due to
communication modules, such as Wi-Fi. The s mart
crosswalk monitoring system relies on this constant data
flow to function.
The integration of V2P co mmunication modules is an
essential aspect of the principle. The IoT system instantly
notifies oncoming motorists of a pedestrian's presence when
the person indicates they plan to cross the road. At the same
time, pedestrians might get notifications on their phones or
wearable tech. Pedestrians may make intelligent choices and
cross the street safely with these notifications, which notify
them of oncoming automobiles and other hazards. The IoT is
used in smart traffic management to gather real-time data
993
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DW8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-1398-7
fro m roads, vehicles, and pedestrians via networked sensors
and devices. This information is sent over the internet to a
command and control server, which is processed and used to
make decisions. With the use of IoT, traffic can be monitored
and managed in real-time, with improved safety and less
congestion as a result.
The data collected by the IoT sensors is processed by the
central management system, which then employs complex
algorithms to monitor pedestrian and vehicle traffic at the
crossing. It finds places that might be dangerous and adjusts
the times of the lights so that drivers are at the safest
possible. The device may vary the time the lights are on to
make it safer for people to cross the street during periods of
high foot traffic. Additionally, the system coordinates traffic
flow and prioritizes pedestrian safety during peak hours or
special events by communicating with surrounding traffic
control systems. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the
proposed model.
Power supply
Sensor
network
Raspberry pi Wi-Fi
Camera
Cloud
server
Fig. 1. Block diagram
B. System Architecture
The system's main center is the Central Management
System, where all the important decisions are made. The data
collection and sensor devices send their findings to the
central management system for analysis. Many types of
sensors, including Pedestrian Presence Sensors (IR/US),
traffic and vehicle sensors, and cameras, make up the Data
collection and sensor devices . Together, these sensors can
gather timely information at intersections. The Pedestrian
Presence Sensors (IR/ US) gather up on pedestrian activity,
while the Traffic and Vehicle Sensors monitor tabs on
vehicle movements, and the Cameras record visual data fro m
the crossing.
The sensors' data is uploaded to a centralized
management system for further analysis. The technology
utilizes innovative methods to conduct traffic mon itoring and
risk assessment analyses. The technology can detect possible
dangers and high-risk regions by analyzing data about people
walking around, vehicle traffic, and weather. The central
management system activates the V2P co mmunication and
pedestrian alert system when pedestrians intend to cross the
street. The system transmits signals to Vehicle Units
equipped with V2P Receivers to alert drivers of close
vehicles. Consequently, these signs encourage safer driving
habits and reduce the likelihood of accidents by informing
vehicles that pedestrians are present at the crossing.
At the same time, pedestrians may get up-to-the-moment
notifications through the Central Management System's
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specialized s martphone app or wearable devices. Pedestrians'
situational awareness and decision-making are greatly
improved by these warnings since they are provided with
critical informat ion about oncoming cars and safety
recommendations for crossing the road. The technology also
adjusts the timing of the lights at crosswalks to maximize
pedestrian efficiency and safety. The technology guarantees
that pedestrians have enough time to cross the street safely
by changing the length of traffic signals during peak traffic
times. Every occurrence and action at the crossing is
recorded by the centralized management system.
The data recording makes it possible to create in-depth
reports for use by traffic authorities and urban planners.
These reports enable evidence-based decision-making and
provide ongoing enhancements to methods for traffic
management and pedestrian safety. Figure 2 shows the flow
of information and communication between the IoT devices.
Central Management
System
Pedestrian Presence T raffic and Vehicle Vehicle units with
Sensors Sensors V2P Receivers
Data collection and T raffic & vehicle Cameras
sensor devices sensors
Fig. 2. Flow of Information of the proposed system.
C. Components Required
1) Raspberry Pi: An inexpensive and flexib le IoT
gateway, Raspberry Pi can gather data fro m sensors, enable
a V2P connection, and relay that data to a centralized
control unit in this setup. Due to its compact form factor,
low power requirements, and powerful computational
capabilit ies, it is well suited for the data processing and
transmission activities important to smart crosswalk
management.
2) Pedestrian Presence Sensors (IR/US): Infrared (IR)
and Ult rasonic (US) sensors are installed at impo rtant
locations at crosswalks to monitor pedestrian traffic. Sensors
identify a person's heat signature or the time sound waves
bounce back when people reach the crosswalk or authorized
area. W ith this in formation, pedestrians may be located, and
an alarm can be sent off.
3) Traffic and Vehicle Sensors: These sensors, which
may be inductive loops, magnetometers, or radar, are used
to track traffic patterns and spot incoming vehicles. To
follow the volu me and distribution of traffic, these devices
are placed on the road itself o r at close crossroads. Drivers
may be warned of impending pedestrian crossings, and
traffic light timing can be optimized using the data gathered
from these sensors.
4) Environmental Sensors: Lighting and other elements
may be optimized for a crossing based on data fro m
environmental sensors including photocells, thermo meters,
and hygrometers. The algorith m takes this data into
994
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DW8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-1398-7

consideration when deciding whether or not there is a Increased awareness has helped make roads safer for
danger to pedestrians due to weather conditions. pedestrians.
5) Cameras: Crosswalk areas are recorded and captured
in real time by cameras, usually IP or v ision-based sensors. D. Data-Driven Decision Making
In order to make more informed decisions, the system's The central management system's data collecting and
analysis benefits from the visual data captured by these recording features have been helpful. Information on
cameras, wh ich shows how pedestrians and vehicles interact pedestrian activity, traffic, and weather is continuously
with one another. recorded. Over time, this information is utilized to compile
studies that shed light on patterns in traffic and accident
These sensors are the backbone of the system as a whole. rates. Using this information, city planners and traffic
To evaluate possible dangers and fine-tune traffic signals, the authorities may concentrate on the most dangerous
system continually collects data on pedestrian presence, intersections and crossroads.
traffic flow, surroundings, and movement indicators. The
V2P connection further improves pedestrian safety by E. Adaptability to Changing Conditions
warning neighboring cars when pedestrians are about to The flexib ility is enabled by the system's IoT
cross the road, reducing the number of incidents that might architecture. Light and weather sensors are examp les of
have been avoided. The system aims to imp rove the quality environmental sensors that enable the system to dynamically
of life for city populations by using these commonly installed adapt to changing weather conditions, such as heavy rain or
sensors to reduce the number of accidents that occur at limited visibility. By adjusting the timing of traffic lights
intersections. depending on weather conditions, pedestrians and motorists
will benefit fro m improved safety at crosswalks and when
IV. RESULT S AND DISCUSSION driving in inclement weather.
The system's implementation has demonstrated
encouraging outcomes, such as a significant increase in F. Scalability for Urban Expansion
pedestrian safety and a decrease in accidents at crosswalks. The system may be easily expanded to cover more
The system has shown promising results because of the intersections in dense urban areas because of its modular
incorporation of revolutionary sensors, real-time data architecture. The system's favorable effect on pedestrian
processing, and smart communication. safety permeates the urban environment as its coverage
grows. The system's adaptability makes it useful for
A. Reduced Pedestrian Accidents municipalities aiming for increased pedestrian security in all
areas.
The number of pedestrian accidents at crosswalks
decreased significantly after the system was imp lemented. Table 1 illustrates the values and alerts observed in a
Pedestrian Presence Sensors (IR/US) enable the system to practical imp le mentation. The part icular sensor readings and
identify people crossing the street. The technology activates related alerts may vary depending on the sensors and safety
V2P commun ication as pedestrians approach the crossing, methods. These techniques react dynamically to real-time
alerting drivers of surrounding cars equipped with V2P data to imp rove pedestrian safety and optimize traffic
Receivers. This instantaneous notification warns motorists of efficiency.
pedestrians, urging them to reduce their speed an d take
additional precautions. Consequently, the number of
TABLE I. SENSOR READINGS AND ALERTS
pedestrians injured or killed in vehicle-pedestrian collisions
is reduced. Sensor Type
Sensor
Value Ale rt
Reading
V2P Communication
B. Enhanced Traffic Management Pedestrian presence
IR/US: 1 Present Initiated (Pedestrian
sensors
Increased pedestrian and vehicle traffic control efficiency Detected)
directly results fro m the system's real-time monitoring T raffic Signal
capabilities. Through traffic and vehicle sensors, the Central T raffic and vehicle High Extended for
Vehicles: 40
sensors density Pedestrians to Safely
Control System can monitor and change signal times based Cross
on the actual volume and flow of traffic. The technology Environmental Light
optimizes the timing of pedestrian crossings during peak sensors ((Light, intensity: Bright None
hours when pedestrian traffic is at its highest. This helps Weather, etc.) 800 lux
drivers and pedestrians since it lessens the likelihood of Image
Cameras Captured at Image None
accidents and improves the efficiency of vehicles moving
12:05 PM
through the area.

C. Improved Pedestrian Awareness Table 2 shows an illustrative co mparison of the

The pedestrian alert mechanism has been essential in
raising pedestrians' level of alertness, and it may be
accomplished via a specialized s martphone app or wearable
devices. Pedestrians are more careful and aware when they
get real-time notifications about oncoming vehicles while
crossing the street. The warnings are helpful since they
instruct pedestrians on safety when crossing the street.
crossing's accident rate before and after installing a smart
crosswalk management system. Different months are
represented in the month colu mn, and the numbers of
accidents are shown in the accident rate before the
procedure and the accident rate after the system colu mns,
respectively and an Accident rate are co mpared before and
after the method were imp lemented. A decrease in accidents

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA 2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23DW8-ART; ISBN: 979-8-3503-1398-7

after imp lementing the technology indicates its success in V. CONCLUSION

enhancing pedestrian security.
TABLE II. P EDESTRIAN SAFETY - ACCIDENT RATE
Month Accide nt Rate Before System Accident Rate After System
Jan 12 7 pedestrian safety is instantly improved. The system's
Feb 10 5 capacity to improve transportation efficiency by optimizing
Mar 15 8 traffic flow and decreasing congestion at crosswalks is a
Apr 11 6 significant plus. The system's surveillance features include
May 9 4
Jun 14 7 implementation. The data is used for pedestrian -friendly
The approach offers significant benefits for urban
security and productivity. Due to its IoT sensors and V2P
connection, it helps make pedestrian crossings safer and
reduces accidents. Through adaptive signal timing, the
technology improves transportation efficiency and reduces
traffic congestion. By altering streetlight intensity
depending on environmental conditions, environ mental
sensors can make cities more sustainable. Surveillance
enables both real-time observation and retrospective
analysis, both of which are useful to law enforcement.
The system's reliability is described fro m its redundancy,
data validation, and fail-safe features. Error-checking is
included in the V2P co mmunication protocols, and the
system is connected with emergency reaction methods in
case of unforeseen situations. Maintenance and upgrades
performed regularly also provide the system's dependability.
To maximize performance, it is essential to optimize
algorith ms for real-t ime data processing, improve the
accuracy of sensors, and design communication protocols
that minimize latency.
Systematic maintenance, robust cybersecurity protocols,
and comprehensive data analysis also facilitate the
identification of potential areas for improvement,
guaranteeing optimal efficiency and efficacy of the system
in mit igating crossing accidents. Analysis of real-time data
fro m IoT sensors and V2P co mmunication is used to fine-
tune traffic light timing. Whenever possible, users should
prioritize pedestrian safety by increasing crossing durations.
Optimization of signal synchronization, congestion relief,
and reduced waiting times for pedestrians and motorists can
be achieved using IoT techniques.
Improve the decision-making ab ility by applying
cutting-edge analytics to get greater significance fro m the
data. Predicting pedestrian and vehicle behavior, optimizing
traffic signal t imings, and providing intelligent emergency
responses are all possible with the help of IoT methods. The
system can respond to changing traffic conditions with mo re
accuracy and efficiency due to its continuous monitoring
and feedback loops.
In this setup, distracted pedestrians are a major safety
concern since users may lack focus and thus be less aware
of their surroundings at cross walks due to their usage of
electronic devices. Imp roving pedestrian safety requires
addressing this problem and implement ing appropriate
safety measures. Road safety is affected when pedestrians
use mobile devices since they are less alert and more likely
to trip or behave carelessly in dangerous situations, such as
crossing the street.
The proposed system improves pedestrian security and
enhances urban traffic flow. The IoT, sensors, and V2P
communicat ion are designed to improve pedestrian and
driver safety. Accidents at crosswalks are reduced, and
enhanced post-incident analysis and regulatory
urban planning and decision-making. Th is proposed system
combines with urban management systems to improve
safety and traffic management through seamless integration
into a smart urban infrastructure. This proposed system
creates safer, more effect ive, and sustainable urban
environments for residents and visitors.
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