IME M-5

1.With a block diagram, explain mechatronics system.

Ans :Mechatronics, also called mechatronics engineering, is an
interdisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the integration of
mechanical, electronic and electrical engineering systems, and also
includes a combination of robotics, electronics, computer Science ,
telecommunications, systems, control, and product engineering

2. Define a control system. Explain open-loop and closed-loop control

system with a block diagram.
Ans:

 Open-loop system, also referred to as non-feedback system, is a

type of continuous control system in which the output has no
influence or effect on the control action of the input signal.
 In other words, in an open-loop control system the output is
neither measured nor feedback is taken for comparison with the
input.
 an open-loop system has no knowledge of the output condition so
cannot self-correct any errors it could make when the preset value
drifts, even if this results in large deviations from the preset value.
 Example for open loop system (drying of clothes) One of the
disadvantages of open-loop systems is that they are poorly equipped
to handle disturbances or changes in the conditions which may reduce
its ability to complete the desired task

CONTROL LOOP SYSTEM

 Control system in which the output has an effect on the input

quantity in such a manner that the input quantity will adjust itself
based on the output generated is called closed loop control
system.
 Open loop control system can be converted in to closed loop
control system by providing a feedback. This feedback
automatically makes the suitable changes in the output due to
external disturbance. In this way closed loop control system is
called automatic control system
3. Define robot. With neat sketch, explain different types of robot
configurations.
Ans: The ROBOT is "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator
designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through
various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks"

a.The polar configuration robots are also called as SPHERICAL

configuration. This configuration Consists of a L joint T joint R joint. The
advantage of this robot is long reach capability in the horizontal position.
Applications: Cleaning of Parts, Die Casting, Forging

b. Cylindrical Configuration Robot this configuration can be constructed,

using a T joint An L joint while an O joint is used This robot has the
capacity to carry high payloads and is quite robust. Application: Machine
loading and unloading, foundry and forging

c.Cartesian coordinate Robot It is also called as rectilinear robot or x-y-z

robot. It consists of three sliding joints along X, Y and Z directions in three
dimensional spaces. This robot can carry heavy loads and process a high
degree of accuracy and repeatability. Applications: Pick and Place task,
material handling, machine loading and unloading.

d.Jointed Arm Configuration Robot This robot manipulator has the

general configuration of a human arm. This configuration has the
capability to be controlled at any adjustments in the workpiece.
Applications: Arc welding, Spray painting and spot welding

e.Scara Configuration Robot Its full form is ‘Selective Compliance

Assembly Robot Arm'. direction. SCARA robots are a popular option for
small robotic assembly applications. Applications: Assembly, Inspection,
Machine loading and unloading
4. Define IoT and explain different types of communication models of
IoT.
Ans: IoT comprises things that have unique identities and are connected
to internet. By 2020 there will be a total of 50 billion devices /things
connected to internet. IoT is not limited to just connecting things to the
internet but also allow things to communicate and exchange data.

IoT CommunicationModels:

1) Request-Response :In which the client sends request to the server and
the server replies to requests. Is a stateless communication model and
each request-response pair is independent of others.

2) Publish-SubscibeModel: Involves publishers, brokers and consumers.

Publishers are source of data. Publishers send data to the topics which
are managed by the broker. Publishers are not aware of the consumers.
Consumers subscribe to the topics which are managed by the broker.
When the broker receives data for a topic from the publisher, it sends the
data to all the subscribedconsumers.

3) Push-Pull Model: in which data producers push data to queues and

consumers pull data from the queues. Producers do not need to aware of
the consumers. Queues help in decoupling the message between the
producers andconsumers.

5. Explain functional blocks of IoT.

Ans: IoT Functional Blocks: Provide the system the capabilities for
identification, sensing, actuation, communication andmanagement.
 Device: An IoT system comprises of devices that provide sensing,
actuation, monitoring and controlfunctions.
 Communication: handles the communicationfor IoTsystem.
 Services: for device monitoring, device control services, data publishing
services and services for devicediscovery.
 Management: Provides various functions to govern the IoTsystem
.  Security: Secures IoT system and priority functions such as
authentication,authorization, message and context integrity and
datasecurity.
 Application: IoT application provide an interface that the users can use
to control and monitor various aspects of IoTsystem.
 6. Define Automation. Explain the three types of Automation.

Ans: “the set of technologies of carrying out a process or procedure

without human assistance and achieves performance superior to manual
operation”

1. Fixed Automation or Hard Automation: Fixed automation, also known

as hard automation, is a type of automation that is designed to
perform a specific task repeatedly. The equipment are usually
specialized and dedicated to a particular function. Ex: assembly lines,
conveyor belts, and specialized machinery used in manufacturing
processes.
2. Programmable Automation or Soft Automation: Programmable
automation, also known as soft automation, is a type of automation
that uses computer-controlled equipment to perform a variety of
tasks. This is more flexible than fixed automation. Ex: CNC machines,
robots, AGV’s
3. Flexible Automation: Flexible automation is a type of automation that
combines the best features of fixed and programmable automation.
Flexible automation systems typically use computer-controlled
equipment that can be reconfigured quickly and easily. Examples of
flexible automation include automated manufacturing cells and
flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).
7. Describe the basic elements of automation system with block diagram

Ans: The basic elements of an automated system typically include:

1. Sensors: Sensors are devices that detect physical or environmental
changes, such as temperature, pressure,motion, or light. They provide
input data to the control system,
2. Actuators: Actuators are devices that convert the output signals from
the control system into physical actions, such as movement, heat, light,
or sound.
3. Control system: The control system is the "brain" of the automated
system, which receives input data from sensors, processes it, and sends
output signals to actuators.
4. Human-Machine Interface (HMI): The HMI is the user interface of the
automated system, which allows humans to interact with the control
system.
5. Communication network: The communication network is used to
connect the different elements of the automated system, such as
sensors, actuators, and the control system.
6. Power supply: The power supply is responsible for providing the
necessary electrical power to the sensors,actuators, and control system.