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How should a company set prices initially for products or services. It should enable for both logic
and knowledge gathering — not just what the proto-Iroquoians eat, for example, but how compelling
the proof for early exposure of corn is. From the very first lecture till the time one becomes a
champion of economics, this assumption, law, rule of thumb, commandment or sacred Gospel of
economics holds valid and does not waver even though other assumptions and models begin to
evolve as more and more theories begin to surface (Samuelson, 2004). However, on reaching the
market, the seller finds out that there is a shortage of the produc tin one of the markets. Monopolistic
firms that offered their own prices are regulated more by the force in the market to reduce cost in
order to compete for customers5. This could be setting a price according to the time of day a
product or service is sold (e.g. higher train fares for all commuters traveling before 9am) or charging
different prices depending on where a product is sold (e.g. the same car can be bought at different
prices in different countries within Europe) or charging a price related to the income of the
consumer (e.g. hairdressers charge cheaper prices to pensioners). Discrimination is the unjust or
prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race,
religion, age, or sex Webster dictionary. However the regulation of prices removes incentives for
hospitals to look for innovations to deliver care in a more cost effective way. Transparency in pricing
would encourage people to economize on the use of routine health services. Several studies have
explored the relative importance of work exposures to overall health, and the findings are intriguing.
The use of anti dumping measure as an instrument of fair. To browse Academia.edu and the wider
internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. What do you
think are some examples of third degree price discrimination? When do you think firms are able to
price discriminate? For example, the investigations also have to end if the. There are five categories
of patients that routinely receive undiscounted bills based on charge-master files created by each
hospital. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. ?1.00 (no rating) 0
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updated 17 July 2020 Share this Share through email Share through twitter Share through linkedin
Share through facebook Share through pinterest Geographyeconomics 4.48 30 reviews Not the right
resource. Price Discrimination due: Introduction In various supermarkets shelve spaces that are close
to the eye levels of customers are charged more expensively to vendors who wish to market their
products in supermarkets. The company benefits because they shift more of a single product in one
single purchase. When companies want to shift excess supply due to changing consumer preferences,
for example, they could potentially use this form of price discrimination as although profit margins
will be hit, they get the double benefit of at least making some profit on the items and also shifting
the excess stock that they needed to shift. Hospitals obtain what revenues they can from insurers and
those over whom they have little control such as Medicare and Medicaid. See other similar resources
?1.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later Not quite what you were looking for.
Manufacturer and seller resolve to price discrimination due to competition in the market. The most
commonly practiced form of price discrimination involves putting customers in different groups or
categories on the basis of specific attributes, and charge different prices for different groups. In this
way, sellers are able to pocket the consumer suurplus section as well ending up with higher profits
than earlier. Earlier studies that did not allow entrants to discriminate or assumed symmetric firms
yielded sharply different results, the pro-competitive effect of price discrimination are stronger in
these settings. The organization was founded to promote social justice and human rights at work. In
a perfectly competitive market, sellers may not get the freedom to fix the price. Investor Presentation
Medirom Healthcare Technologies Inc. The main question that arises at this point is the feasibility of
such a practise, because clearly speaking the discount is given (dsicrimination is carried out)
regardless of the demands of the beneficary in question.
Price discrimination Price discrimination is the practice of charging different customers different
prices for the same product or service. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research,
International FDP on. Age discrimination tends to be the worst for most cases, especially for our
older generation of employees. Report this Document Download now Save Save PRICE
DISCRIMINATION-Economics assignment For Later 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0
votes) 751 views 17 pages PRICE DISCRIMINATION-Economics Assignment Uploaded by Sneha
Shekhar AI-enhanced title and description The document discusses price discrimination, which
occurs when a firm charges different prices for the same good or service to different consumer
groups. This is evident at stalls or street sellers where the customer bargains directly with the seller to
bring the price of a product down to one they find acceptable. Thus, ideal or non-ideal, US or
British, every market in the world, however much developed, will have the elements of the three
degrees of price discrimination embedded in it - because consumers and suppliers have human
tendencies of bargaining which cannot be eliminated form the nature of mankind. Report this
Document Download now Save Save Thesis For Later 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0
votes) 24 views 4 pages Thesis Uploaded by givens201 Thesis Summaries Full description Save
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now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 4 Search inside document. Prices need to be adjusted in
order to address the competition. There are 3 types: 1st degree, 2nd degree and 3rd degree. In
comparison, those shelves near the floor or to top are charged much less. Simply, this is just another
development in the cat-and-mouse game that is firms’ trying to maximise profits and consumers
trying to maximise potential utility, and the fact that firms are finding this worthwhile to do shows
that we as a society don’t really have an objection to this happening, even when it’s happening right
in front of our eyes (as shown in the third degree price discrimination example above). Free Gender
Discrimination Essays and Papers 2019-01-10. Write a review Update existing review Submit review
Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. Under the Robinson-Patman Act 1936 it is unlawful when
it substantially lessons competition or tends to create a monopoly. The hospital then establishes a
charge-master file that is several times more for each item. In this scenario, financial firms will be
providing a tiered service system so customers can choose the level of services that best suits their
needs. There are three main types of price discrimination - perfect, second degree, and third degree.
The uninsured or self-pay patient In a study published as a Web Exclusive by the journal Health
Affairs, it was determined that approximately half of U. S. bankruptcies, were reportedly
attributable to illness or medical bills (Anderson, 2007). How should a company set prices initially
for products or services. When we are selecting food for our tables, we choose visually appealing,
fresh, new produce, ripened fruit, and aged cheeses. It is one of the ways the supplier reacts to the
demand of the commodity. In the airline industry, for instance, the price is controlled by the demand,
time of the day, the class of transport and additional services offered. Setting prices at the level of
marginal costs would make it difficult to recover original investment costs. The rowdy attitude of the
bus conductors, and the frequent pushing and shoving end up instilling a fear of going to the college
or workplace. Though the Affordable Care Act 2010 may increase the number of patients with
insurance there still will be those that are uninsured. Manufacturer and seller resolve to price
discrimination due to competition in the market. Price discrimination to certain extent brings benefits
to the customer. When patients lose their insurance due to inability to work they become vulnerable
to higher self-pay prices. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip
carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. The most commonly practiced form of
price discrimination involves putting customers in different groups or categories on the basis of
specific attributes, and charge different prices for different groups.
Customers can benefit from research and development as a result of increased revenue that
companies earn. The Economics Of Price Discrimination What Is Price Discrimination And Why
Does It Matter. Price discrimination is an attempt to get each consumer to pay for the product the
highest price he is willing to pay. In conclusion, I would like to mention the fact that there are hardly
any markets in the world where the three degrees of price discrimination are not applicable.
However, higher profits for producers could be seen as an undesirable redistribution of income in
society, especially if the average price of the product is raised. Though the term says it all, it is
necessary to consider the mechanisms of demand and supply and the rubrics of price determination
in a market where buyers and sellers have the natural tendency to bargain and ask for discounts if
their purchases are above a standard quantity while sellers would love to settle for a lower price if
buyers are willing to purchase more just because of the selling price being reduced. III. Reasons for
price discrimination in monopolistic market. See other similar resources ?0.00 5.00 3 reviews
Download Save for later Not quite what you were looking for. The underlying economic theory is of
economies of scale - which allows the seller to produce larger quanitities resulting in lower costs per
unit in turn allowing the seller to offer discounts on bulk buying. With no price discrimination, the
consumer surplus is the value the consumers received extra i.e. they did not pay for this value. When
we are selecting food for our tables, we choose visually appealing, fresh, new produce, ripened fruit,
and aged cheeses. Sellers can charge low prices which results in higher consumer numbers, with a
larger market volume. It is often impossible to recover from such setbacks by charging regular prices.
They may not necessarily look at the top shelve or the floor shelve much. Essentially, what this is is
when firms charge different prices to different buyers for the same good or service. Most marketers
and manufacturers of products would prefer their products to be placed on shelves at eye level. Then
as demand rises and supply becomes more finite, the prices are raised, so prices are discriminated
with passengers on a given flight often paying very different prices for their seats. Its success can
bring into the firm more surplus or more revenue at minimal costs. Two main conditions are essential
for discriminatory pricing to occur. This can be prevented by selling products at a specific moment in
time. This has been cited in numerous lawsuits against hospitals and HMO’s. Ramos Download Free
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We're Hiring. Cost shifting Cost shift policies in hospitals have resulted in shifting of costs to private
patients due to inadequate payments from state and federal government plans such as Medicare and
Medicaid. You might even wish to include a preliminary statement of the thesis as a partial response
to your comment. Also depending on how the market is sophisticated such as high prices for high
markets and lower prices for poorer markets. Considering the examples and illustrations of the
previous sections, it is clearly visible that the three degrees of price discrimination work well in the
real markets even though most economic theories are only applicable in ideal markets. Alternatively
they could sell at a relatively high price appealing to less consumers, therefore sell less, but receive a
higher marginal revenue on each product. Lack or availability of information also has an impact on
price discrimination. In this scenario, financial firms will be providing a tiered service system so
customers can choose the level of services that best suits their needs. Unleashing the Power of AI
Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on.
Cost shifting is also use to cover bad debts of unpaid hospital bills. This suggest that, they are
concern about if the labor work is going to be tough, also the chemical they breath when they are
working in the fields. The first block of products is sold in large quantities to get rid of excess
inventories when the demand of those products is low. This results in a demand without an equally
matching supply resulting in increasing the equilibrium price of the product in the market (Mankiw,
2002). Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some
feedback. Maryland has done this and their hospital costs are lower than other states. Price
transparency has been suggested as a tool to allow patients to comparison shop. Price discrimination
may attract administrative cost when engaging in market segmentation and predatory pricing may be
funded by the profits gained6. The normal case of demand and supply match is twisted slightly by
sellers in the first degree of price discrimination. This paper will be discussing the concept of price
discrimination and how it can be used to benefit firms instead of the general notion that discounts
and special fares for different target groups will lead to lower profit margins and losses. Perhaps
there arevery few examples of such a perfectly discriminated system; however, auction houses are
ideal exmaples of such a scenario where the customer gets the first say and the customer bids for a
value which they perceive to be the fair value of the product (which is generally higher than the real
market value) resulting in sellers making greater profits than if they did not discriminate (Price
Discrimination Notes, 2009). Furthermore, there is increasing evidence on the sources of price
discrimination. Considering the examples and illustrations of the previous sections, it is clearly visible
that the three degrees of price discrimination work well in the real markets even though most
economic theories are only applicable in ideal markets. This could be setting a price according to the
time of day a product or service is sold (e.g. higher train fares for all commuters traveling before
9am) or charging different prices depending on where a product is sold (e.g. the same car can be
bought at different prices in different countries within Europe) or charging a price related to the
income of the consumer (e.g. hairdressers charge cheaper prices to pensioners). Then you will be
reading with a purpose in mind and you can sort out appropriate ideas. The producer is cleverly
discriminating where demands vary with the weather, and therefore increasing revenue. The
agreement narrows down the range of possible options. It may also affect the natural environment in
which the business or individual operates. So, when it is hot outside a can of coke is more expensive,
but if cold then price is lower. However, there is nothing specifically to protect us when it comes to
our appearance. Taking advantage of that, Apple charged a very high price from this price -
insensitive audience. Greater transparency in pricing and an ability to make informed decisions based
on quality of care and price may allow patients to choose those hospitals that give quality care at
lower costs. Contains points that can be used to develop an essay plan for an AQA style 25 mark
question. Trade credit can influence price discrimination so that customers can be induced to buy the
products. Bullying in Danish work-life: Prevalence and health correlates. This type of price
discrimination can also be explained by economies of scale. There are many types of price
differentiation, ranging from first degree to fourth degree price discrimination. Probably one of the
most cynical practices to be held in real markets, this form of discrimination works best, but not
necessarily always requires isolation of markets (as described later) i.e. when two markets are not
close to each other. Nanda, S. (2012). What are the main reasons for price discrimination in
monopolist market? Globalmillennial.org Follow Help Status About Careers Blog Privacy Terms Text
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