Gryrnesperems comes From hoo gree. wored 5 & Cyne = naked «_Sprremas seed So, Qymnospertmn fe naked: seeded _glante- Theophrastus Kinct used dre word" qyremogperen” 1o(o00-8) tn Ws book“ Snpirey Toto _plns”, : Me desercibed arerespecns as 5” eee . Goebals another. screntish peaernd eevee boa ” Promergsins_witbonk gusta © [ati 's cone Geopmnospestn pocticalanly domiremt bemparcate reegfon , even Tn Andie regen. Also found tn tropkal and subdtopkal aras . Gegerno%pereen hos no ovary, style ,sligana. Goprmnecgocemns, ace vere f fa % niemberts than exngfogpauns « 4 1294 Aboud a. ont pet 260,600 epecies ef flowering plants been recoded . & 2.50 0: Abouk 722. species presen belongs to 63 genera of QPrPssperems Zome exarmples of ecoremleally important gyrrayeernms ¢ Y Lyeas_ = Ceadaceae, ») Prous — Rnaceae Fyn — taprassecere ®) Gwelim — Gnelaceae. Y) fami — eas ¥) Conalogerta — Gycadacene, wy’ fdecerepus + Rebcarepaceas. vi) Arauicarda — Araueardacoae, Edin 3 ercdens 2 Cycadofilicales Genneltitalos CordaitalesBoth Living 4 Sekine Onder. Cyeadales . Gonbgoales Coniforrales Living Mest ocvanced order + Guroup- bnetales example - Genekom cette TL Cheacaclendstics of Goymneeperns & 5D Abey, ane. panera & erengreen, represented tf drzes, and’ “chitubs , sombfviies sboody ” Lemar, Gul “never herbaceous | | | ee ah ad ( my, | | am ot Sp mah lata somes hay hove, | symblobc — assectadion’..with, valgal cell, OP Gaok | be called (oralleid Jroot ees ,) >§ Sometimes they have. . sy mbiclie Asean Leith Sangal Pinthio case the toot ie ealid wy Bah rool = per ff» ‘Nhe slom to unbranched eng lucas en branched eg- Pinus 6) he eaves may be monomorphic or dimorphic. dupes. dienonphic — ® Brown. small scale leaves ““@® Evergreen ; large. Soliege 5) Flowers ane simple.” &- unisescual, ,sstthout ony opal & pool. bese flowers ane Composed _of- mierosporeo— PRY" and. megepeetinn ©) “thay bane. 8 Pes eff porte thads ohy “eatled ~ ee ie iene 4; ‘ reall oon * 9) ‘dhe cope is not dflenentioked into aye &; chee, and vdne stelesv age oles As ces | naked, Seeds are; naked, fe @) Ques ae bn on the sun of magn u. gaverth)s Bllers grains». ope _dinectly éetieted on the tniawopyle | Sime There fio no slarien’ Siu) Vessels ase not ‘puesenk in len _ gst Co: gis cau cells ance ee i “philocrn , “ijI a4) Nae endagperem % Some dd before fnliigetion So hey ane diy Wplold (3), / J / gaittley We double fentitigation emu in gymnospeem. / 1) Embryo is developed at the. end of a long euspensore. 8)_Gepmnesporum do nel reproduce, vegetatively by anctling . budding » layering and so én, uo . x fake le) Aygete exhibits or _ehoios fee es a) Flyembryont ib found. in. qrmnocferm. OF te common ° phenomenon. _ Le mre Daclopment of a mane. embryos present ont of which one gumlve « ; of at?) Archagonia. % produced except — Gunehurn lollnagyer oe 2) Male geovethye eed (AM eyead) on @T fins) grothaLtal balls, ph ont” ae Anatomical Cpoveatteress Slams ane. chovachenige d by the presence of collectorcal. (arf) emdarech. end oper vasculare bundles Sareangeel Wa ning ond the Setorelaats| growth we _well_mauhed with distnd annual rung . gr eee2%) Number of eolyledanes 4,2 Ort more, Di) Seeds are 0b protected by ovary. 60 Ahey ane. maked seeded plants. 28) No fuck frmalion. | 8 Annuct species ane nol found \ in_gyrmmesperem « ®) Since oles ane, nol - protected 80 Maree. no overs RK vo fradl Formation. . 1h Ecdimnples’ jor «-Goprmrnépdiems gos ae he ; D fyeas _peclineda . ; "t iD. Sie cous dnalisl : : 9) Pinus, fins tnsunds oo hun ran god 4 Gixebury_ ch nga : _» melum ‘obi ”, ' ° Tallest ‘bee of the oon which} is snclided ty ayrenesperm 5 Sequstalenclan garmieun ‘find wn Cal Horna . Height: Ww | cirtound «! ‘i60r fest mene. Ahan tS width. ‘py Zeimig, Zami4 pyqmaed . ~ smallest -lnee 5 Dem tall -(Strobillus o largest ovule yn ra kingdom is sforend &m BprmnesPerun 5 CUving aebye nos peren 7 Arglocparem Seed naked ') Seed reed” Terrestrial with sertophy He ’ DyTenneslil aquatic. neraphagtic. rarzattenishes no agyotie’ spp. | rennial - [SyAnmed, bento red Jooars ane unisexual » Unisexua 7 ibaa 10 _spek sepal, peal . ; [Dean ea ve nel ffengntialed into | any, “elyle! ond oh gre aaisti Svules ane vol protected, tye proedled ey, grains ane: deck fatto”) a fallen the. a Ep present . Seep le. on 6 bohyre Py ei st to double “Jelgation ; 9S) Doute TenBligaton oceur . tyler doecdnot have vessels (‘9 ave weal ympanion p cell absenLei', 1 ot adospetm form befare out 7 5) Ailex fecliigation. indosp ern hapleid . mp) “eplepenn » tripled. separa jum I) 9S nol. produced. Fes, Shrunbs ae henbac. 18) Tees, Shreubs & Henbs. wrk rapaodive Vegelalhely, le) Caw nepnaduce Fuels areret Formed ay 18) Dvany changes Into Srult . parties aro absent im : hum - SN el4 Pee ee a : Gassiication of Gyno sparen 3 dn \s24 Robert Grown fins} reeegrised gammospoers eS A separate. qeep of plants . _ “4n (683 Grevreqe _ anthem and bn Tough Daan Heber (HD Heoben) placed gyro cpm beladen- dieahyledeies- «and nanocobyledoned WW thelre —"“Gicherea Planlascurn™” took . pil en ae [ete SPO Wat dbo te -- Eb. Heoher _ eober eames [Ft [Pal Labs) — dn 1918 Couhere, & MeFeberd ts’ At ded “gegonegein t directly inte cae eres i eae Stiles caeseoy Nek 3s untaindhad 2. Gennettlales ant, * . a Sea vaegh 4. Conde a 5 ‘Gants: -s pant aw ae . Gg . Conthedleg wrt hE a 2» Grnilates ‘ |Sn 1994) Chambartian classihed — gyrmnosperm inde ee cree eer Gey mncgpoiem "Vdencers Class24 Cyradspryle less 2 Genie gia \3 ondereS | A orders Dereatobicales a) cordaitales S wh : oS) Gmnlagoales c WH) Cycodales cao cuts St) Contorales i ° . 1) Gerelales ° Cyewdophpl | ygse | Caropgf Vf urlortanched & Stumpy « [Sten is! profusely branched - wane fnge ® onal eorpeure. 2 Lvas on Sa J % mpnmaylic, 9 ocd _pyenaryiic. y fest: a A, Bik is malt : oe n phes@ih ede. Blom bas Hin te. TD. oo cone Feo compact |g: ale oxtd_fimate Strobl axe _compac} im AV fernalo cone are complex. Spowophylts . censtels of phnrerlo compurl i fectinata Gradales) ¥- Pinus Sosulars : ) Ginkgo biloba (ring foesil) fens etreeinalts— Arolhen scientist Sporne In (1243) ewstfied gyrorespereen Anlo [3 classes] Class 1 3 Cradopsida (Aorderes) Gass 2% Coriferopida CA onde) ehss 3 ¢ Grelopsida (4 onederc) Class 4 5 Cycadopsda C4onderes) Pleridacurimates Benrelirkdes fintoxylales odes eee © Ondere 4; Fleridosperemales [eyecofilicates, — Comes, from, ptertidesparam, , — Has ¥ families . - leaves have. been -feren like faltage = Clk szect_ -bren eg: ) lyqtroplencis #8) Geusepess etapa. — one of be aa : Rrnporctaurrt tesi\ of7 Order 2 2 Benne lYitales — 3 fomilies eg. Cyeadeotidler JWilRamsoria_ Order 2 Petoxylales ako pales ~ 4 Sfamsly eg: q Oretere 2 4 Cyeadale's — 2 Smilies eq. e_ Eneinedd vennation ts eae Zama i Gin Gene ae C- N singorclant | bsonk some farturces , : Ak Pee Cycas rere _viror_xe oragmi- gate ATC 1 OrRATTE Grecinate vermation tor) wie Perce ar gy Onostert —n 2Condaitales —Conifercales — CTereates) Ginbgooles 2 families 2 fomities fatty 2 fomilyfes Condaites nts Ginkgo Wileba Class 3.3 Cumetopsida —s orden, 5 Gretales eq Genetum 5 3 fomilies Ghedrea , Welwttschia Charterites 2 + [acering io to Gulterc © ne "Pstdnepeoraie | pte De —> Masonic Teves} ¢ Fern tbe follage ts found. dt ts (seed fear] Winey came tnto existent 4n tre upperc Devonian péniod of Fleogote Era « They Vive through Carboniferous ard Rremien riod and reached 4helre elimax. (dominant) in the Mesogele. Sra. Ty became extinctin “Triassic paniod. Sis cartbonifertous perdod % called the ” Age of ose” 4®© Plants wth Sender, enect stem. x @ leaves are. larege. pinndlely compound ond frond like ,X® Sporcangia axe boren on leaves mone orc less wedified © bi pare grotiped Sno a _€one ‘ “*® at aefem 8 tn the Lem of 0 st (ed noun “y¥® Tratheids of Secondary’ enced ee awe, BUS fre redial Lally : 2 <0 Get aa) aRRUIES) and "Shafer. | Stet Ar Newraplerets hah cos sit :pany nase One. pada mesezcic i ales), Upfive Trt caste ay Wertesle, 7 Up Crredeneors Bennelifale —_ Wis ordre ordginated %n the Uppere Tassie Facled of earcly mesoscic Era and tel weached their climax 4n the: mid Mesqoic Time and fbushed Mell tn Jurassle Bried This % an extinek oreep damenspoor ESE Ts consid ] 1 Ages Cigede” | © Pants aith eet ae Sp re Gorneenes 1685. £ beaves ose (axcgo. and pirmately | empees! _°@ [Ronacs axe Sferourded by) Yai i bracts) Grise fiom the base of the. rece a, ce WB Micnosporcophny|ls axe asise \y_ whorls and roy be prnake ore entine, . fue or fused, etmulgated. ®© Owtes ard seeds mary be S\a\hed ore coceile- —_ @ = Fellen grains ose own in Hloewkat symamglcr . a w"® \SEBE) howe. : eg. t-Ctyeadaaidea’ decotensts _ E-Alilliamandste gpeclabitd), emma naman hOROAAATAAATTVIVGEL ECSSuendates | Up Trias Ae eden cr givated in the upper Ressic. geded of the erly Mesopele Exaand muched The pak daring Wid memegric times and flunished during the Tamsic ad telecoms feeeds and offer thet Hie dling. lected . fp eee ABmes Gare axe ont tc ep v6 Te tewaxbatle cance f the praurce of RRR CO) TEE ey gowas. telat ef gosing dee -barde dichels reusly and proksely Rant a % comlted mass Qteve the gaurd - @ Pon's ith unbundud sem iy Seay of lanes OTS we te angel. 8 ‘Sns leres ri Ire (OSES vaaiad Gem’) 2 : @tGaH] wale ard feral spoeptylis are [aeupel he oe) (Gap Be Frade sporaptylo of Sens) $0 SESS ovr fetta and motte. 8 ‘he prepepremgeon oles ane alt enact and ERE) , Ken edule " eg: = (rremapeggigl | Secunl “WARES PecBrate U“Dor iebrdattalcs| (he theme} prime ondere_of the alass Gniferophyto . Tey came 4p extent ab lhe Devonian Ported - Finally tiny devcloped during there «Gober fout pened of Falecexcic Era - "hey were! 65 |. Aho ‘wo er Al ef the qeeps ane a OT Anees sith slender oon. branched ‘glen veer Samp , ama, rele ond. Hay ES spirally onan ge ed 7 WH Wood % Spyeromylie) - ay “gE ESAT ond ee | OEP SED oth plercones Vo Wade. oat ii Youre % a a ORE on ERRAQ EB fresene of perdospaamic bak oe @ Necetius Arhegiamenls axe Irom each oYner. £4 FD Condaihes a ae Cuidsen) LES don F® Avessrplon >P- HE (eet 4p: ___ Ld jeaneurn|Genlageates) Termian—y Tirtassic > Creekaceous fue is repreesend by tin niem. Alles tnemare beeome. “extnch ence Ganbgo oe ‘drag ordginated tn Reremian periad and achieved voorld tide disheibution . Deminanl during “Wossic & Tismassic. Prded of Musogole En. thay Came to decline dining the Grehiceous' potiod - ® VWreees or ehruabs vith onanched étém i iHrenfiated into lon, uy. anid! Shortt choot pe (anes Ea pet oe ap Ta an open [ekeple| (lobed) and eaves » cere [eaaenged 2 PAT along dhe termina} ‘wemches and bean. 0 bas Sn Theta aT hak gos uA shout sheet J afoatar eM po male sop see 3 ose ( e godlarly| Clislezed aan p exch ea peretabs) © [op a AAT oh TO ides 2:10} cterarbnnh “a Halas" fe @ Secondly male ‘ort wood preroxgic : 4RO Rol. spencbade Flo’ albshrevtumn and constitue top rood oe : eg. Gistgo “bibba CUsang Sasi)\ Coniferales | they originated Ww Relaegote Pear ane SN) new: O Plots | ane hanggyes Aree ae chieub wlth proheely branched dems often wth lng and shorct sheots . ® Teo Wees of leaves present week ) Seale feaves (smal i) ) Geen Ainge leaves (ares) ' _loseaiene pend, shaped. WO "he reo! syn & sere Lreamched chap reot a ister Fnfecked * re fongi- 0% ws hyve, JRein-cmale Sender ad “SF [Male cares] arco. “eorpourel shoul ‘eciied Avacanged fy Tove compact haters Male cell orce fron-motile]. © a] i ane im vakure amd bee Lange number of Eircact Cees] €ach jovalt Wateus sea JevaliJGtous scale). \eretard ARE HAL ARt }. ae Patten grains ue, ay lon tha ges’, S €mbiuyo had Awol more deolylatone <. eng Ser) Pinus. exbehds Y) Pinus Snsulaucts _ YY Menip eras, RR a aca sw see ase ae anne. hh YW) Atucoccerd. Sp,\ Gndales Advanced group Yn OTrmseperem . Shrubs. climbing shrubs or Uona on small buees with “d branched stems . ® are. opposite , ex slipulate ,epal ‘spincally orucanged @mpound shrobilus in neaen male and Serale cone. © he long micropylar ibe %s _foremed ‘by the Yolontore Amtegument. . % No resin emal_found ® Presence, of embryo » passess & colylad © Rep ovis are born Sens) Rm ai Like %m_@mpound ‘inSbrescence. © id © tin WIRE Ia 3) Breda MTnelitschiq schiq ViNadurcal /Wtd Spe Gopmnespererns 3 |) Cyeas _poclinata €emmn name — Nepal Cycas Family - Cyeadacoae Fai Like tree, found tn Crillagong bill forests , Spal Forest in Mymensivigh) 5, ide cindy y ee | Pinus Yinsilards eee, Common names {Khosia pine ‘ 3 Pinacede ! Family ¢ ‘Smaittree, found %n Kasia and Joints hills of Gylhet and hills of etegeng - 2. Gonty Grit cblongum Family = = Gmnelacens : rl oaks ge Oblong seeded. £5 camman navpe.. conden Arata] taund tn chitegeng 0 Gn's and Sylhet . 4. Gnelurn montanuy Common name % Chrnbin g Gxelum Family % Gunelaceno (Secgues_ cody Strep found. in Chittagong ar) Afhel Tocest.wy 5. Genero KeGoliom Vere. Sluteularce Comman names Wo ba Jeng scandent dhreubs. fund in the Sercestof Cratlagong and Chittagong HIN hucds 6. Redooarcpus _nerdifolins Common name $ lore caic pus Family % Rdocarpaceae ERED wedium’ sige fed tothe Serask fy Cbitlagong and Sylhet - Ornamental /@ublvated Phris$ . ” ry. yeas airceinalirs! ~ Grondcea | 2+ Cycas ' reveuba (i 13h 2. Prous Aongiblia — Pinaceae : 4, Pnus\ eprtrbeana » op 5. hyja (ordemtalld ~' Cupnassaceas cr Avaurarda — Awiuariocene