1.2.

4 Data Storage
Characters
⮚ Character set – defined list of characters represented by a binary value and recognised by a computer
- Characters are logically ordered
⮚ ASCII – 7-bit character set 🡪 27 = 128 combinations

⮚ Extended ASCII – 8-bit character set 🡪 28 = 256 combinations

*In the exam, binary representation of ASCII will use 8 bits
⮚ UNICODE – 16-bit, but now a 24-bit set 🡪 over 16 million characters
Images
⮚ Ways of storing images:
1. Bitmap
- Made up of different individual squares
- Each square has a binary value
2. Vector
- Mathematics to store the image (eg. Co-ordinates, radius, equation)
⮚ How bitmap is stored:
- Each pixel is a binary value
- Number of colours = 2n , where n is the number of bits per pixel
- Number of bits per pixel = colour depth
⮚ Increase in colour depth or resolution – increases file size

⮚ Metadata – additional data stored with the image to define the width, height, colour depth and colour
palette
⮚ Photos are stored in 24 bit – over 16 million colours
Sound
⮚ Analogue to digital conversion – amplitude must be recorded at regular intervals
- Must be in binary to be read by a computer
⮚ Sample rate – how often the amplitude of a wave is recorded
- Higher sample rate = higher quality; higher file size
- Measured in hertz (Hz)
⮚ Bit depth – number of bits stored per sample
- Higher number of bits = closer to original sound/ higher quality; higher file size