— a-s | | | | duledion of Explain The geneoration and optimum neat di@ovany oF Clrenmedion of PPS anbi harry fi +51 bit, Sen # DifPereatial encoding stants wilh an 4 16 used as the meftercoce ving, as the aeference bit, Symbol bit. |x Genear ation, of the Alf PRea eatially encodid Seq HENCE Ahoy pre ceeds in aaccoadance with o Lwo- put encoding csule OS follows 3 the diff IP TP The Meco bit at the eansmittesr inpad 19 4, ave ceneatially encocled Symbol unchanged withasspect Lo the Gaanent iit at Aire AY TI, on odhen band the input bit 1s 0, change the é , bit ieatly encocect syenbol with respect 10 He Ge novE A a The MeCrentiatly encoded seqarnce td}, gs used to shift the sinusoicla) commie phase by Zero amd Ko’, anpre senting 5 symbols aand 0, evespect vdly «Thas, in ferms of phase -shifis the aesulling PPSh signal follows the two pants i) > IS"To Sead Syrnbol a, The phase of the Dpsk sional aemains 2 un changed Qd¢To send Symbol o.the phuse oF the Pests signal is shif y ~feck by \B0° Tllusteation of Desk. ? Topuk bineerss See {biy = toolooll {beg io on 0 hee \ 19 heasaeen etd fir 4 Tronsmitied phase Gradiens) 0—__ . Binery PSK meclalatesr Trapt binexey =e o Seqemnte ——————— t Aempli acle fog _ DPSk level shifter | 8 Sigel | fdk-a} Lp } | Ea} Vz cs Camfet) Figcod: Block Cagran of a DPSK transmit leon * TH above bleck chugsam st consisl of tuo functional blocks | op Legic ned womk and one bit delat Gstoorege) element. which ame interconnected So as to Conveort the ste inpat binan Sequunce {bk} into the MP Fev ential encodlecl Seqeunced det | bt Bineny PSK moclaledoor , the outpat of which 15 the chsieed ional DPSk sign —+ Optimum Receivers for She Detection of Dpsk ) | | \ | | = 30° Phase Shi Phe Sin Cott fet) Vinzo Soy 7, 34.930 Soyo, H1y] chee Ly ¢ time t=Te cosCanitit ) clucclan _— oft 2th di tye oer Gompan ison > cboose-4 chvice Lt dels choose-o Potten medcheel t© cos Ca fat) Ofte Tp. Feg@s Non -cbhement eeeivern fom the detection of f “binany Esk signals : Sa ee Noncohenen} Adection of this, freq esency _ medal ated signal, the creceiverr consists ofa pain of maschedip. “The filter in the Gppen path of the ceceiven 7s Mee to CosCaufit) and filkeo? in the lower path matched 4, © cosCamfat ) fom dhe signaling interval O€ E CT,, {Ses Followed by envelope debectoms + [The eves alling envelope clelecloor oulpads ane sampled od le tote ord geo ele Gom pected. and Aa Covelope | somples oF the Cpperr & lowes paths ane ti und La respari,| : # (The evece veer decides in favor of Symbel 1 34 Nibley [in fever of Symbcl o Sf Ligde. TY dhe | 2. the creceive simply Busses aandomly in favor ef Sumbol 1 on © 4 | The non-coherent binary Fsk clsemibed bevein is a sprig | case Of non. cbherent orthogonal moeduledion lth TT, J onck @x€, where &4 ts the Signal energy pee bi}. | ee eb (eG aie) the BER fom non-coherent arsk Gas) Deaive the expression OF probabslity of eraom iA Case of | BFSk | : sk Signal given by | Leck eet) be the creceived BF 3 3 : aect}= set) tuck) 5,4) +E) for Syabel \ finss | Ker) = ' gpa) wou) for Symbol 0 wWhear, wor) — AWeN oe meanzo and venience os Ne rie Leb us consider The transmission of Symbol tor ther the sreceived. signal is oecr) 2 S39) +uwct)L314 St uso 054 y20 | - The oudpat Of the Sppea i ie | wo. The oudp + 7 th Ve ( xan gd) dt= [ [sparen] $c) dt ° . Th th =f gud de dt ibe aa dt : ° iets ep = Say t+ wy la a +O ee a epomeon = EL] = ELwi] <0 No oi = zN ie Vorjance of 1 = Nan [a] NeaLlotwo i] a The output of Sewesr connclaton $8 : b Sooe (sve bya da ° a= OCP 7 { xa d,0) : Th Tale Ate : = 1 de [ [sap rou) | , 04) dt J bo ne o a 64, Mee gh yuow. | ! - 1 Leehort clecocess |) 0] pis —_——— ) | ‘data PSeaclo- aan dow pal ( 1 genes coy \ otal cemmmanice oS signal aan S) banel, The signal ot spread spectrom is then fransmitte the clemoclectertoo gets cod signal back ferom the Spread spectaum sional Jom arquiaes the Same Jaen smilin— ——s ————_ end. thence the pseudo-random paleo genesrerdes ay fransmilden and PReceiveat Sicle opeoreale an sq wth eath odhes, ochre ni 24 < [The channel decockor al the acceiver Then ges The bingy information Sequencer back, « | Thas The aeceivest can detect The Jeccins evi ted SPaea, Spedaum signal s only 3f at knows The PSeuchonojs, | Sequunce fon ony aabil acory aeceiverd G1 15 Hee ay | to Know the pSeado- noise Seqtunce since it appecenrs ih, Fo noise | 8 | Explain the dinecl Seqeence Spread speleam chigital = communi cakion Syskem + | Disect Sequence Spared speclrary tdralized model of basebond Sparad spe drum sysko bay © ? nay may e ad) leo ge) transeni ther Ia find: channe] 20) — —— Boseban ae) Ler > °|p ed) Fig) + Reeeivee «| The base bard signal bay ,uohich is OF bow band width Cnarsce bund) i§ Mattiplied wild the wideband signal cee) to oblaié Spread Spedrun signal ME as shoo in Figcey jee MADE bAD. CoH) Mywhere add signal Mad) is transmitted frrcuch the channe poise SCV TS aclcled Chie bY 5 $ tee ACD = mae ice) —— od Sd)= ce bay hich —- @ Ve accoven the omjginal data Seq uence bay the accaved consists of sal 9A) 1S applied Le @ dhemod abaterr thet malliplion Bo LPF a becally genevated pn: inthe teans \Niplien is sapplicd with The ome sequince be GO enact acplico of Vhat used nvitee 2 - po £ ays ce. act) — GD ni = Sobstitule act) wae «A aa a= cerca boo eie? | J a) ta = (2a). ba + coy) . Sed), Paes whrre cP CHES fom NEL eat L_] e Hee te daimod gay = ben + Hee Ge) () Jaom eqom) s bet) can be accovested by passing aay Pe Aauiehy Otte. which aemoves \Cre ee(cel of Ta terterce epacmbd by [cer 37 JQY THpredaces 4. origina | Siena *foo BPSK Casedshowe above Tk dic ser the acceived siGnol fies! y ca). this 7s call clesparcading 5 ae ay aeceiven we hove De seca 2cd) cos(quict ) | = Ac VU) cos oct | afk passir \Qaoush LPF we worth eck Ale omiginal ¢, —) > 2 t a ec alain rp Eaplai the effect of spreading on o nanzowband Tata ference ina arch Seqeuince Spaced Sprecher —©)—& rd rth i ; ) dt | 8,c) cogatttel) 2 L | PN Sequince cloce _genenedor er | Fi Demodutution of DSSS Sional =) 2 he eveceive sion ove ea tS en received ional ed th iy VEC CIV Cry ow > 2 by - c acts Rew) costa) scr) A). cD = Ae vet) cey® - = )? ews (9 CM) + te d eet) SO = Dencles the interference cats. Ab = t.De-parading openation ab the Receiver gues ne). COVE Ae VG) eos(amfay 4 ged «a - _ eee ee bond, | permet of math plying SO) cer) Spread -wid th to watz, Ad us considtes Saye Ar cos ¢ ontrt) Saee Ch The total power inthe intesfecence at the olp of tte chemodutedon. 1S, Teh eee er pe w “la, Tbe Le Pape 2) whine Toe P einy coickeband Ww jada ference Pecwes Spectnal clensity of { C “yn fen Fee eee. & ey 8 gs the overage pomeee of the int fe 2 r | Pe ae ale Ls. i \ Thus, Power: Ja the inte fieering), 2394 gn amount equal to Te bandwidth ve ceattect vg cvechacecl by expansion faactom | wie ete]re= = Ate P Ly Quen of Sperad spedeem es | wits a need block divonam _ explain Slow and fust | Freq cueney Hopped Spacodt spacirum techoique meen : a | Tr Irequiney hopping® do transmit The dato bis vo. diffe ~arent ancy stols “The total bane width of Signal Ss equol to Sum of att the Treegusncey slols on the outpab hope's .« um t ehun Sevengl : nO : p ambels ¢ © dnc syd Th OMe Freq carncy hop . Yue This means Sambel aate (Rs) is t 2) eee aud Bot Ch) |e hop nate slowear Symbo] aadte Qe | \ Sis catled — sleco frecperaay ing \ 5 or h | ops Severe! Symbels transmitted, Ve se Ry gency hep sparadsPreclsums- ewhen Several cs dake place to dnansmit one Sambol fun Si is called Dial tac Popping ‘ S callecl Pas La —o wy SPPing he hep aale Rais higher then symbol vale Bs ice Severe! free cuney hopes? one Symbol pronsmitted Ve Rat Re Transmitter Operations as howe tq fiedhe an Fu] mesk frangmitter , which invelvs fasquancy “modulator follcasedl by mise. The incoming dada is applied to M-any Fok meduleder 5a 5 Block ciagwam of Jaansmitten of FH: Mong Psk Pie co ° ne system « Mines Tsk -sle — a OA art mvecl ede) Fe! MFSE signe] Binary data | : frequency hop ferequuney Synthesizer Successive bH'S oo eke gs a | of PN Sequancy gener to> Local prt - cole Senator ih 2A Vy tie pa HY AL Ele Whiner K eae Estimate of . binowy dato wuney hop 4 Facqurney Syoths sizer “Local PN - Code Seneee atom,SS ie a] This modulator oulpal is the pasti calor pepe dap | ding uper the doped cymbal. * | The outpal of PSK medutalos is then applied to 6 | riteor that consists of g multiplies? followed byo fg |The odher inpal fo the mires 16 pantical ary Prequany 1 if daom Irequanty Syothesi an | + | The octpat of Frcquune Synthesizer? el Perticaler Tn stant | 7s The freq caine slot oa hop. This hop if Mired with the | Fsk Signal | 4 |The oatpal of the mines? is the "Sam' Fr equaney compa nen} | of Esk signa y fesequsnny hop from Syothesizen, This Signal is FU] m- ang Fok Signal & is tnonsmitled oveer the widibond | channel «| By taking “mt bits from the PN genesiedor 2-4. possible | Genoricer Feequindes can be Specitied KL A the ereceiveot theme 75 a0 jdhentical PN Seqiunce genera | | Jor. which is Synchronized with the Received signal is used | © control The caspat oF the freq usney Syathe siden x | thus, the pseudorandom Faequunuy translation infredute | at the daansmi Hts TS removed ot the receiver | + | the aesultant signal is demodulated Using Fs chemed wlatan « | The freq cusnuy hopping ate, deneled as Re’ may be dlthes qq ho du Sumbo| cate, dower than the Symbol cade, ony higher drow the syenbo| arate. * | Based on dereq carne) hopping wate, Fuss chossifiedl jnto | 9 dypes of slow teeg snug hopping b} Fost a aay hopping .cw Hequmcy + Pring, he chipsate 2, fom an f-H Sash 1s eiven by 5 Rez mar CPn.2s) ' mm, Vn sete e Rs Symbol aale Bab the chip A ip sake is ec : canuy hopping qual te Symbol rate bo. fos slow ferq 2 Rez Rs « Pp 2a Ro = Rs= cory Rn a bys no of bis pew Sent Ro is the Jnput bit aake & Tr slow FHSS Sqmbel wate ‘Psp hop ale “Ro, vs | Fast Prequency hopping To fast FHSS multiple hops aged t© Hyansmil one syebol - Vee Pop vale (Rn & Symbol acde ‘Rs! chiprate Re = hepevale ‘Rn’, explain COMA ee) one neat block divgam :