Tet MHT-CET “FORMULAE BOOK ~~ | ‘| i , , | a ri \ PT = < rj 7 > Cyn = a = a x ee EO Eee ] TgAbni dhe Me vo VQ OE iy Che (Science) and MHT-CET Students” ’ PHYSICS MHT-CET FORMULAE By Mukesh Sir[_Ghepter Name Sta. XT [Pear yey 1. | Motion in a Plane [WN 2. | Laws of Motion ~ 3. | Gravitation ar 4. | Thermal Properties of Matter | >~ 5._| Sound : [a 6._| Optics [33 7. | Electrostaties [a Std. XIT | ie Rotational Dynamics : [a 2._| Mechanical Properties of Fluids 60 3. Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation 67 4. Thermodynamics 5 5. Oscillations 82 6. Superposition of Waves 92 ie Wave Optics * 104 8&._| Electrostaties 12 9. Current Electricity 124 10._| Magnetic Fields due to Electric Current a i._| Magnetic Materials 134 12. Electromagnetic Induction |__138_| 13. _| AC Circuits 141 U4. _| Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter M46 1._| Structure of Atoms and Nuclei ue 16._| Semiconductor Devices 166 © Writer Typing & Layout ; Diwakar Bagde, DMB Publications, Printer : Colour Gr, Mobile : 9326468636, 9021733497 Chhatrapati Sambhijinagar, Mobile : 8421610788 7 shies, Chikalthana MIDC, Chhateapati SembbajinasStd. XI kc 3 Y Physics Formulae SS. ee c§:._.eq- €—oaarar=oa* 1. Motion in a Plane =_oOoere eee — Total displacement Total time intervals 1) Average velocity = = _i,-%, y= tot 2) Instantaneous velocity =_ 1, (AX) _ dé v= lim] — |=— rol At) dt Total path covered 3) AN d= ) Average spee Total time Change in velocity 4) Acceleration = - Time -¥, t,-t Average acceleration 4 = 3 gU ata, AV ~. Instantaneous acceleration a= lim | — 80 \ At _w a= dt ————ewseremmennes EklaVya Publication semenPhysics Formuta, ee (sami Far) | [stax Cries rere] 5) Kinematical equations are i) yoa+e saitetar i Seit+s iii) = Initial velocity ofa car = Linear acceleration of a car § = Distance covered by a car t=Time in ‘second* a) Relative velocity of object A with respect ot object B Fata Ma . b) Relative velocity of object B with respect ot object A Toa eX 6) The equation of path of a projectile is -tend)x- (Ve Y= (a0) x~ 5 (=x): 7) The inital velocity (is resolved into two components: i) a, ue0s0 in horizontal direction usin@ in vertical direction | | 8) The time taken by the projectile co attain maximum height is using g 9}, Horizontal distance covered by the particle, during its projectile motion is X=ucosdt 10) Time of fight of projectile is 2usin@ Bg 11) Maximum height attained by the projectile is wsin?@ 2g 12). Range of the projectile 13) The maximum value of horizontal range is (20 = 90° or 6 = 45°) 14) The horizontar ».age will bs -uinimum (sin 20 =0° or 180°) R,,.=0 TT ENLSYY8 Publication et | EA PUI) Std. XI - 15) Range ofthe projectile is usin20 8 16) When projectiles thrown vertically upward, the height reached willbe maximum. R- : uw = E OR h= 17) Angular displacement (8) Arc length Angular dsplacement= > 18) Angular velocity (w) af a U 19) Angular acceleration (.) a =o at OR a TT tt Pattcation ) ___ Physies Formulzo | | {Sea xt ezy Physics Formulae | 20) 83 = 8) XT | 21) vit 22) a=ra 23). Period or Time period (T) sol¥ = 60) 24) Period 25). Relation between angular velocity and frequency w=2nn 26) | a=ve Different forms of acceleration 2=r0? and 3 a= r Radial zeceleration (Centripetal acceleration) anor OR | a | a Eelavya PUBLICA LON ee || Sax (8 Pivstes Formiae | .s * Centripetal acceleration [sme 9 Pistes Formato] 32) Linear speed of bob of conical pendulum v= yigtand 27) Centripetal foree = Mass OR cp: E | OR cp. | OR: v'=1tnd 28) In vector form | v ine = 7, = tan! p--mott . | B al | “ OR Fe-— | 0 ~ tot =) where, | ; ; | [SrNo. | Physical quantity Symbol | Unit {= Unit vector in the direction of position vector | mo ; m 29) Angular speed of bob | [2 [ isalacement $ m aan 3.__ | Initial velocity u | mice o- f= | [aT Final velocity v__| mise \ [5. Acceleration a m/sec? iod of the bob 30) Period of the , ) | 6 Angle of projection 6 radian r : 7. Time t eC T=22\Fiano ol 8 Time of fight T see | [9] teen a |m L.cos® : - sy Te20(e% _ [to _] Ranc ore Rm OR T=2e fe a (By using trigonometry in fig.) isl | ———— Eklavye Publicctn — |[sta xt - \ary Physics Formulae 7) Laws of conservation of momentum (initial momentum) = (Final momentum) (mu, + mu,)= (ny, +m,y,) _(m=m, 2m, 8) y= m,+m, )* (in, +m, | m-m, 2 2) Momentum (P) vy (5) u (4) , Momentum = Mass « Velocity . : P=my 9) Coefficient of restitution is 3) Newton’s second law (3) Relativespeed of separation | Relative speed of approach 10) Torque is 4) impulse of force) = (Change in momentum) a7 EMP Distonce s=rFsino 5) Vek y= Velocity = “Tine where, 6) Impulseis T= Radius vector inPs ok 6 = Angle between r and F =my— ow * crys Purtication EXinya Publication ————12 Physics Formulae Std. Xt | . [Sixt 13, Physics Formulae 11) Coortinates of centre of mass | 16) Note: . i) Lift with downward acceleration am | W=mg—ma M W=m(g-a) | {-- la a me 7 ii) Lift with upward acceleration in W=mg+ma yma W=m(g+a) 12) Z=|"M ectpeee ee rf . 4a) te 13) Position veetor is 1 ng : m,n +My, R°\ m+m,+m, } StNo. | Physicalquantity | Symbol] Unit —_| 14) Centre of mass of two bodies : Displacement (a my,=my, 2.__| Force F_| newton 15) Elastic collision 3._| Momentum P| beavis EK Boge = EK Ey 4, | Ampulse of force J_| Nesce Elastic collision : K.E. and momentum is conservation. 5.:._|/ Céeiticient of restitution oe Inelastic collision : Momentum is conservation and K.E. isnot} | _§& _| Torque vse conservation, ___ Eklavya Publcatlon —————— $A Etavya Publication $=Physics Formulae PT 1) The Newton's law of gravitation Gmym, 1 where, G= Universal gravitational constant G= 6.67 «10 Nmirkg? << Sul. unit G= 6.67 x 10* Dyne emg? <— CGS. unit m, and m, = Two masses = Distance between two masses 2) Gravitational force at height ‘h’ GMm * (Rhy F where, ‘M-= Mass of carth m= Mass of satellite R= Radius of carth b h= Height of satellite from earth surface 3) Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth is cu Re g Eklavya Publica on 5X1 Pina Format] 4) The acceleration due to gravi i r | density (p) is 4 / B= 3 2ReG | 5) Theacceleration due to pravity at height ‘his | GM Bo Ry ©) Relation between acceleration due to gravity at height ‘h’ and at surface is & (Rk) & R+h 7) Variation of acceleration due to gravity i) Ifh is comparable with ‘R? Ry ar of R+ i] Ith is very small then ( 2) B= all- iii) Duc to depth (d) ee) Acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ at latitude ‘@” dueto rotation of earth is —Re*eos?® i eva Publican ——— es (MHTICET| 0 sem[i eae IS ret rormns y) At equator g.=2-Ro? vi) Atpoles B78 8) Variation of weight i) Relation between weight at height ‘h’ above the carth’s surface and on the earth’s surface ii) Ifbis comparable with R then west Reh iti) [fh is very small 1 2h Wewlle iv) Due to depth (d) d ven(et) 9) Critical speed or orbital speed of a satellite moving round the earth in a circular orbit is, GM Ve> Yen 10) Fora satellite orbiting close to the surface of the earth (hss), then , (GM Jeu = {= son(V, = 8 km/s) Eklavya Publicalon ———_eeee (Sta. xt \a7 Physics Formulae | IL) Critical velocity in terms of acceleration due to gravity at height | his Vo= y(R+h)-g, ORV= JRE a (R+h = Randg, = g) G 12) Wye ~2R 8 13) Periodic time of satellite moving round the earth in a circular orbitis 2a(R+h) Tay OR T=2n GM 14) Periodic time of a satellite in a circular orbit, in terms of acceleration due to gravity at height *h’ is R+ as 7 OR T=28 eG s(R+b = Randg, » g) a) T= LAL hrs. b)T = 84.6 min, ©) T = 5077 see. $$ Eitavya Pubic ato esPhysics Formut; aim (a eee] * Gr itational potential energy =m oR T22nf, 1 F UM) ov ~ovn{ 2} OR T= 1G Gravitational potential 15) Kepler's law « GM Ter Vv GM r 17 When satellite revolving at height ‘h’ above the earth's surface Gum | i) KE.= a GMm Note: T? « (R+hP i) PE (MHTCET| ‘ocr 2R+h) Ay (ny _ (Remy F GM “(a)” (R+h, \ “UR +R) 16) When satellite is rest on the earth’s surface GMm R+h) iv) BE. 18) Escape velocity of a satellite at rest On the carth’s surface is V, = U2 km/s a Ektarye Pubticction ence Eklavye Publication(20 Physics Formulae) Std. XI ii) In terms of ‘g” v= ie iii) In terms of density iy) When satellite is revolving close to the surface of the earth v= V2 -¥. 19) Forrevolving satellite Relation between K.B., PE., TE. and B.E. i) BE.=-(TE) i) KE=BE ii) KE.=-TE. iv) PE.=+2(TE) vy) PE.=-2(KE) vi) PE.=-2(BE.) Note : i) KE. and BE. are always positive ii) PE. and TE. are always negative. at 21) - Physics Formulaa | Physical quantity Symbol | Unit 1] Universal gravi constant G_|Nmkg [ 2. | Gravitational Force FIN 3.__|_ Mass of earth M [ 4, | Massofsatelite - mn 5. Density of earth Pp 6. | Acceleration due to gravity g [ 7. | Height bk |m 8. | Depth d_[m 9. | Accele. due to gravity at depth | _g, | mise? 10. _| Effective Accele. duc to gravity |g __| msec? 11_ | Chitical velocity V,_| msec 12, _| Period of satellite T._ | see. 1B. | KE, PE, TE = [joule 14. | Escape velocity V,_ | mse $$ Eklavye Pubticrtion enn,‘Std. XI [sexta Physics Formulae 4) Coctticient of cubical expansion is 4. Thermal Properties of Matter vv, | Y= Vat > me V=V (l4+ An 1) Conversion of temperature from one scale to another where, 7-0) T,-32_ _Ty-273.15 V, = Volume of rod at 0°C Fal 732 | _Tpnei . (iis) 212-32 373.15-273.13 V, = Volume of rod at °C 5) Relation between a, fb and y is — 132 T, - 273.15 Boy 180, 100, ar573 + 6a=3B =27 6) If*Q’ isamount of heat flowing then ka( a- L=L,0+aAt) where where, k= Proportionality constant 1, = Length of rod at 0°C (0, @,) - Temperature difference L,= Length of rod at £C Time for which heat flows ae cngth of rod #7 Rite in temperature . A= Area of cross-section 3) Coefficient of superficial expansion or areal expansion is 7) Proportionality constant is AWA, Qi Br" nat | k= X@,-0)t Eklavya Publicstion ————_——— _ Eklavya Publication ——a Physles Formula 8) Charles’ law Pressure is constant, Vat y, TE = Constant 9) Pressure law (Gay Lussac’s law) PaT ‘Volume is constant. = Constant 10) Boyle’s law ‘Temperature is constant. pat “7 ,T, = P,T,= Constant 11) Ideal gas equation PV=nkT 12) Specific heat capacity 4Q mAT where, 4Q~= Amount of heat absorbed or given out by substance m= Mass of substance AT = Change in temperature — Ehlayya Publcao, ——— [sax as Physics Formulae 13) Molar specific heat capacity of a gas at constant volume Cy=MxS, where, C, = Molar specific heat capacity at constant volume M = Molecular weight S, = Principal specific heat capacity at constant volume 14) Molar specific heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure (C,) C,=MxS, 15) Latent heat Q=mL Q = Heat absorbed or released m=Mass of a substance undergoes a change from one state to the other : L= Latent heat 16) ‘Thermal resistance (R,) as RA 17) Newton’s law of cooling ar, Roel where, aT dt (T=T,)= Temperature difference C= Constant of proportionality Rate of loss of heat a EKa¥78 PUBIIC CN2 Physics Formulas 3a. 7 Siyaiey FoR .] Physical quantity 2 ee —————— 1._| Temperature 5. Sound 2. [Ara i i ii a 3. _ | Coefficient of linear expansion |e 1) Velocity of sound wave is ' Velocity = Frequency x Wavelength 4, | Coefficient ofsuperficial expansion B |x yank 5. _| Volume of substance V__ [me |) 2) Whensound waves travel from one medium to another medium, its velocity changes, due to change in wavelength, but frequency a I Temains constant. 6. | Coefficient of real expansion ofliquid | y, | == , Cc (Frequency in 1" medium) = (Frequency in 2 medium) - 1 Ay 7. | Coefficient of cubical expansion y |e re soul, =2,4,%,= 04.) 1. || 3). Distance covered by wave in time ‘t’ 8. | Coeff ofapparent expansion of fiquid | y, |sq *|| d= No. of vibrations * 9, 9. | Amount of expansion of liquid of heat} Q [watt OR d=vxt < 4) Geheral equation of a plane progressive wave is . wat 10. | Coefficient of thermal conductivity k |e y=Asin (ct + kx + 6) i) Simple harmonic progressive wave travelling in the +ve direction uae of the x-axis y= Asin (ot— kx) tx an OR yoAsin2n (4 3) snk = 5) — Ehlavya PUublicction Skianva Pablleatlonji) SHP wave travelling y=Asin (@t+ kx) tx y=Asin2x [575 5) Frequeney of a wave is where, T= Time period of wave 6) Velocity of sound in gas is te where, K,= Adiabatic bulk modulus ¢ Dee where, C,~Specific heat at constant pressure C,=Specific heat at constant volume 8) According to Newton’s velocity of sound i) In any medium (for solid and liquid) is £ Ye where, E= Elasticity of medium P= Density of medium a Eavy8 PUbt CAO ee [sata ii) In gasis kK vate p where, K = Bulk modulus or volume 9) Laplace’s correction, velocity of sound in gases is ca Ye where, 7 = Specific heat of gas = pee lo v= PG where, PV =RT 7 mer see (PY = RT an pay R = Universal gas constant T= Temperature of gas M = Mass of one mole of gas I) VeVT “fe T, 12) Effect of pressure on velocity of sound JP _ yPV _ [yRT P M M Independent of pressure of the gas Xvya Publication Physics Formulae CEU) genie(am) 13) Bffect u “humidity on speed of sound [ye Ve Vo P< Pz Pq= Density of the moist air p.4=Density of the dry air Vi> Vs 14) Doppler effect in sound Apparent frequency vty, "vey" 15) The relation between velocity of sound at t°C and velocity: sound 0°C is ! vevael tz ad peed of sound at °C V=Speedofsound ave MM tise Putrsicaton neral formula) | | —— BSc Physics Formulae 16) If source is moving towards the observer, then apparent frequency is (V, = 0) wd nen. vovy, i.e. Apparent frequency increases, 17) If source is receding away from the observer, then apparent frequency is (V,=0) ale i.e. Apparent frequency decreases, 18) jener is moving towards source, then apparent frequency is (V,= 0) V+M nen y i.e. Apparent frequency inereases. 19) Iflistener is recending away from source, then apparent frequency is (V,=0) 3 4 naa i.e, Apparent frequency decreases. ees EKA PUBLICPhysics Formulas ai 33 [Physics Formulae ——— 6. Optics SS iS 20) Loudness of sourd t = a nenbe,(Z] (1 bel = 10 dB) L 1) The number of images, b) bg =10 log, 1. 360 fy ‘Sr.No. | Physical quantity Symbol Unit = > 2) Relation between F and R 1, | Wavelength x mor & 2. | Frequency np Hz FE 4 3._| Wave velocity Vv mise. , a time , see 3) Mirror equation is 5. | Distance d m 6. | Density p kg/m? fovu 7. [Elasticity E Nim’ 4) Power of mirror is 8. [Bukkmodulus K | p= ___100 9. . | Specific heat of gas ¥ 7 | f£(m) f(cm) : . 10, [Volume v mm 5) Linear magnification of mirror is 11. _ | Temperature T °K or °C 12. {Pressure P Nim? 6) Focal power 1 P » a ttisvy0 Pub ticatiogn eee Ehlovya Publication eewhe [sia x 35] Physics Formulae Physics Form: fea ves Femme 7) Absolute refractive index of medium Velocity of light ia vacuum Velocity of lightin vacuunt 4 = Velocity of light in medium 8) Reffactive index of 2° medium with espect to I medium ig Velocity of light in I* medium = Velocity of lightin 2% medium & ipse ie HL= o 10) Real and apparent depth is or da 12) Thin lens formula uf pe » we Zt rr 15) Combination of lens Effective focal length of the combination is 16) Effective power of combination P=P,+P,4P,4+.... 17) For two lenses separated in air by distance d and P=P,+P,—dP,-P, 18) Incase of refraction at a spherical surface a EXievye Publication esStd. XI sl 19) Incase of thin lens | Corte, 20) Len’smaker’s formula is _teq-1/t-1 ne w Ne iz 21) Ferequiconvex lens IfR,=R. R,=-Rthen R © 2n=l) and for p= 1.5. f=R fi 22) Forplanoconvex lens TER, =o, Ry=-Rihen R f and tel and for w= 1.5. £~ 28 23) For equiconcave lens -R, R,=Rthen and for H_=1.5.1= a avya Publication ———_—__——| {ste xt 137 Physics Formulae 24) Forplanoconcave fens IER, = 2, R,=Rthen and for 1 Lateral dispersion for glass slab Lath, = by Fora prism Annth Relation between angle in the prism Ateqite When the angle of deviation is minimum i.e. when 8 = 8. then e = | Now, A=1, +1, A=rtr A=2r 072 PunticationPhysics Formuig Std. XI 30). Prism formulais ii) 31) For athin prism: When angle of incidence is small | 32) Angle of minimum deviation for thin prism, 5-A(H-D 33) Angular dispersion = 5 ,- 55 34) The A.D. between red and violet colour in terms of RL. is AD.=A(Hy- Hy) 35) i) Dispersive power (@) is Angular persion leg ®* Mean deviation i). Dispersive power in terms of angle of deviation is 4. = 39 Dispersive power in terms of Physles Formulae _ Ho OF 1 where, My +H 7 #, = “7 = Mean RL of violet and red colour Reciprocal of dispersive power is called constringence, 1 + Constringence = — o im Achromatic aberration : Elimination of achromatic aberration © ff )-° of,--of, ‘Magnifying power of simple microscope me=o(Fe4) PED GT f when the image is formed at distance of distinct vision MP = d+ P= when the image is formed et infinity Ml | Exanya PuticationStd. XI ae 39) Mognifying power of compo 40) Magnifying power of telescope fo ) a) MP= ip b) Length of telescope L= f+ f, > ——— Eklavya Publication und microscope ) | Physics Formulae] a Formulae Physical —_|Symbot_| Unit 1,_| Nelocity of fightin air iE [2 _[ Nelocty of light in medium wwsee (3. | Relioctiveindex » |. 4,__| Angle of incidence i degree _| | 5. | Angle ofemergenee e degree 6, [Angle of deviation 3 | aeuree 7._[Angle of refraction r gree 8,_ [Critical angle i degree 9,__[ Angle of prise A__|{ degree 10, | Dispersive power o UL. [Constringence : 12. | Object distance u m 13,_[ Image distance = m 14,_ | Radius of curvature R_ | m 15. | Refractive index of material wee i 16, _ | Focal length of lens ft m 17,__ [Power of lens P 7 ioptres 18. | Magnifying power of an optical instrument Mp. | - 19, | Least distance ofdistinet vision] —D | m 20, | Distance of distant vision 4 m1) Force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges ig | | 1__ 94, a 2 Fae 7 (dieletrie medium) 1 a " » F=aC (for air medium K = 1) ©) Force exerted by charge on q, by a, -—!_4# arek F fa ++ Fy = unit vector directed from , to q, ¢) Force exerted by charge q, on q, I aa, tek * fi = unit vector directed from 4, 10 4, 2) Theelectric intensity ata point in electric fleld is FE % | _ | Eklavya PubiicatiCn mn Physics Formulae 3) The electric intensity of electric field, duc to a point charge is 1 Q 4ne,K 4) Electric potential Ww a) veo Jes 0G ) Y= are 5 The electric dipole moment P=qx2t where, q= Charge 21= Distance between two charges Electric flux () through area (s) is given by 9 =E-ds cos 6 OR §=Ecos0 ds 2) Gauss’ law fi-as 2 . & ‘The total electric flux through whole surface area is Barat = JeG-S tiny patton ——ee Physics Formulae {) Condition for maximum flux If 0 = 0°, then “ds" will be normal to B 2. = Ecos (0) ds pane 0s (0°)= 1] 2p =Maximum > “iy Condition for minimum flux If =90°, then ‘ds* will be parallel to E. $ = Ecos (90°) ds g = E(0)ds -[eos (90°) = 0) | er) where, 7 Length of the rod Q= Charge which is uniformly distributed along the length 6=Minimum 13) Surface charge density () = 2 9) Dielectric constant ‘madam 10) Torque (2) T=pxE sing Pry where, p=Q¥al ~Electtic dipole moment where, V = Volume of body 15) Coulomb's lav : cd Fe KSe — r Eklavya Publication —m 1 | tie Pett, $$Physics Formulas ‘Std. XI 46 1 9h Felectri rn for dielectric) OR F= r ( ane, K aL aie 2 or F=yc AR (forairK = 1) of 16) 1-5 17) Electric field at an axial point of a dipole 2Pr =F OR P “Greppo (ifr >>) 18) Electric field at an equatorial point of a dipole Roe oe mar” dre, (Papp? OR pw tP ‘wi Fe {lf >>) > —__ Eklavya Publication Physical quantity Symbol | Unit Electric flux (4) $ Nave 2. Force F N 3, | Force per unit area f Nim? 4, | Penmittivity of vacuum «| Cin 3, _ | Dielectric constant K - 6. _ | Electric intensity E NIC 7.__ | Blectrie potential Vv volts 8. | Work w |g 9.__| Blectrie dipole moment P Cm 10. [Charge Q coulomb (C) 11. | Electric potential energy U J Conversion > 1) Ime=10°C 2) 1uC=104C 3) 1nC=10°C 4) 1pC=10"C 5) Lnuc=10"C 6) 1 8) [nF=10°F 9) 1pF=10"F 10) 1 ppR=10"F a Exava Publication ——{sta.x1 8. Semiconductors 1), Symbol of pr-junction diode > see {>} cao “The current through junction diode is a) Re where, ‘Number of ftee electrons n, = Number of holes. n, = Number of intrinsic charge carrier DC resistance (R) ofa diode (Static DC resistacne) 4) Dynamic resistance ofa diode (1) (Dynamic AC resistaene) av rat ' al oun —__ Eklavya Publication a a Physics Formulae | =—————— 1. Rotational Dynamics Arelength Radius 1) Angular displacement (6) O=ot 2) Angular velocity (w) a= — dt 3) Angular acceleration (a) a dt 4) Linear velocity (#) & dt 5) Lincar acceleration (a) de dt 6) Relati ion between linear velocity (v) and angular velocity («) : Vadxe, OR v=ar eavya Publication7) Relation between linear aceek (a): a-Gxt OR azar Qn @=2nn= where, n= Frequency T=Period 9% Radial acceleration (,)=-w*. F where, = Angular acceleration = Final angular velocity ©, = Initial angular velocity ML Resultant force =~ mw?t OR mw?F + 5 (real forces) = 0 z 12) Centsipetal force = rol=mvo Se leration (a) and angular acceler Eklavya Publication, eee Physics Formulae where, 11, = Coefficient of static friction g = Acceleration due to gravity 14) Minimum speed E Vu ™ 15) Normal reaction N=mre?= r 16) Most safe speed (V.) V,= rgiand 17) Angle of banking (9) : 6 = tan {s) S 18) Minimum possible speed — _ Ekiavya PubIication —~— 19) Maximum possiblespeed son Vows fia pi, 008 20) Angular velocity (@) _[s © VLcos6 Leos aay 21). Frequency (n) 14 a-i-ife T Ie VLeosd 22) For mass tied to string : '). Minimum velocity at highest point to complete V.C.M. = Vue ie ii) Minimum velocity at lowest point to complete V.C.M. = V.= Sr iti) Minimum velocity at midway point to complete V.C.M. = Vy= ¥3rg iv) Tension at any position ay, T, P+ mgcost OR T,=3mg(1+cos0) To Ekle a Publication vi) Tension at midway point in V.c.M, mv, r vii) Tension at lowest point in V.CM, 2 _ my, c +mg vii) Difference between tension at lowermost and uppermost point T,-Ty= 6mg 23) V,..= Vig =.(Upper limit on the speed) 24) Moment of inertia (0): I Samo Jome 25) Rotational kinetic energy i =Zlo 1 3! nn} 26) Translational kinetic energy $$ exiavya Pantication $$$Physics Formuigg) ['Std. XM Kas Physics Formulae Std. Xi a 5 3) Angular momentum (Z 27) The MAL. ofa uniform ring 33) a (ty T=MR? ) OR L=pxrsing 28) Surface density of dise (o OR L=Lo ‘Mass (M). 34) Torque in terms of M.I. o = 52 OR “Area (A) vale . 7 35) Conservation of angular momentum 29) MLL of a uniform dise ‘ eS ME aL , #=0, = =0 OR £ =constant 30) Radius of gyration (K) dt 36). Kinetic energy of rolling motion I 1 = & (KE) guag= zh +1o') 31) Theorem of parallel axes Litt «) =4m'[1-e 1,-1.4 Mir 2 Re where, 37). Velocity of rolling body 1, = Moment of inertia of an object about any axis 2gh v= 1.=MLL ofan object passing through a centre ‘c” ( 5) M= Mass of the body R 38) Acceleration of rolling body f= Distance between I, and I, 32) Theorem of perpendicular axesPhysies Formula) Sm ae) Std. xi = : we) [si xt 57 Physics Formulae Equation for : t ‘rs stionalmotion | rotationalmerion ae to why Saat] —— se “Analogous equation for ‘Translational motion : Sr.No. [ Quantity 1. | Lineardisplacement 2.- | Linear velocity 3. | Linearacceleration 4.__| Inertia or Mass 5 Linear momentum 6 | Force 1. Work 8. Power —_—_—_. Ekdavya Publicalioh Rotational motion : » | Quantity Symbolor Expression 1, _| Angular displacement | 6 2, | Angutarvelocity 2 3 Angularacceleration Rotationalinenia or Momentof inertia S| Angular momentum 6. +) Torque 7. Work 8 Power 6 Object ‘Axis Expression Figure of ML. | {Thin ring or Central |= MR? _— {Hollow cylinder I Thin ring Diameter] I= > MR? 1 n Annularring | Cental I= 3 MU +4) or Thick walledPhysics Formujg| [Std (nT 59) ____Physies Formuta | i 1 uniform to et Uniform dise or ‘Thin i MR: rod oF length & rectangular plate] about one} | end [97 | Jonitoom ple [Centra ‘or rectangular parallelopiped solid cylinder [Uniform dise | Diameter Thinwalled | Central hollow cylinder Uniform solid | Central ring or ‘Solid Sphere "| Central Circular cone Uniform Central Uniform hollow |Central ight circular symmetric one spherical shell Thin uniform | | «tg rod or Fectangular plate, length & Passing lavys Purtication=< = a 2. Mechanical Properties of Fluids ea Force (F) 1), Pressure (P)= “Area (A) [1 bar = 10° Nin 1 ectapascal (h Pa) = 100 Pa 1 torr = 1 nm of mercury column 1 dyne/em’ = 0.1 Pa tom = E42 13332 Pa] ton 60 * 32 Pa 2) Pressure due to the liquid column P=hpg where, P = Pressure due to the liquid column h= Height of the liquid eglumn p= Density of the liquid coluran $= Acceleration due to gravity 3) Absohite pressure: / P=P.+hpg OR P-P =hpg where, P= Absolute pressure P, = Pressure due to the almosphere hes PI Pressrue due to the quid column ee ——————— _ Eklavya Publication CO ia. XI Ker Physics Formulae 1) Pressure difference i quid column p,-P,=hPg p, and be the pressure of liquid at the points, and hy respectively 5 For absolute pressure (P) ata depth ‘h’ below the surface ofthe fiquid Ifthe cylinder is completely immersed in liquid P.=P, +(h—h) pg veal) Ifthe top of the cylinder is shifted to the surface of the liquid which is exposed to the atmosphere Pi=P, (Atmospheric pressure at the surface) h,=0,h,= (Depth below the surface) and P,=P Put in eq? (1), ve get P=P_+dpg Il) If the cylinder is above the liquid surface by a distance *€” Put P,=P, P=P, h=d h,=0 pap, Put in eq?, (1), we get Pe Pde —_——_————- ~ Exlavya Publicationthe same pressure 6) Mboth, re liquids exerts 3 oh 7) Hydraulic lift a RA ld The force due to surface tension FeTxe where, iW b) 8) F = Force due to surface tension T= Surface tension L=Length ) 12) “The Work done or Surface energy or Energy evolved is W=A.T OR E=dW=T. (dA) Notes : ) Circumference of circle = 2 xr il) Area of citele = 12 iit) F= mg things pubtestion 14 F= (nx) (T cos8) —___ Physics Formulae (Volume of single drop) = (Volume of ‘n’ droplets) where, R= Radius of drops n= No. of drops 1 = Radius of droplets ‘Work done in merged to form a single drop of radius (R), from RT wie C= Specific heat of a gas at constant pressure a Specific heat of a gas at constant volume aes i) 8,- Sv" MI a. @) KE. per molecule= 5 KT : iT | e) KE, per unit mass = “S44 ; where, 4y tawoteqlprbion fei | J=Mechanical equivalent of heat | $,and S,= The principal specific heat at constant pressure and * Foragasiin thermal equilibrium at temperature (7), the average ime energy for molecules associated with each quadratic term is) vou | | G 1 og Ew =gkyT i) Gm | i) Translational K.E. | 9) Formonoatomic gases: | i * 3 fam? y Fav? + fav? i) Total intemal energy = 5 KT *N, | ji) Rotational K.E. 4 a I , ; ; QAR t 1 Glo} + Slo + Sle? gue 2 Or"? ip cx 5 w=AR | iii) Vibrational KE, = | wy yo eS | Cy 3 | Eianya Puttcotion ——____——| aa $$ merge putntion aee my {___Frvsles Ferma) 10) For diatomic gases* 1) For sigid gases: 3 THN, i) Total internal energy = 3h ON, . 5 a) = 5R : 1 itl) C= 3k ¢ iv) 1 If) For non-rigid gases : 5 i) Total internal energy = [7K,T + KT] N, M1) For polyatomic gases : f 3 3 i) Total intemal energy = [57 + 5 K,T+fK,T]-N, i) C-44+9R | iii) C=G+HR C, iy y -E- +f) _ EXavya PUbIICaLON ——— 13), Coeflicient of reflection (7) -& re Coefficient of transmission (1) 2 '=@ 15) Q=Q,49.40 16) atrt+t=I 14) where, : Q, = Quantity of heat absorped Q, = Quantity of heat reflected Q,= Quantity of heat transmitted anists ae 2 17) Q 18) E=— DE Act 5 19) Coefficient of emission (¢) or Emissivity ' Rs eR, vate en. | ee ‘gid. Xt 20) Kirchhoff’s law of ral 8 ey rption) = (Coefficient of emission) (Coefficient of80 nace | 4. Ther ‘ 21). Wien’ displacement law | modynamics ee ee 1) Quantity of heat and work done | |g) First law of thermodynamics where, g=au+w esas” Maximum wavelength b= Wien’s constant = 2.897 x LO>mK T= Absolute temperature | | where, Q= The quantity of heat supplied to the energy 22), Stefan-Boltzmann law : | ‘AU = Increase in internal energy R Tes Qu? 0, Qe<0 © iy W=1 Qul-1 Gel Q it) arg ttt oe =1- lel ' 1Qu1 iv) For Camot engine, nai - lel qeai-tel ITyl 10) Refrigerator : Extracts heat from a cold region and delivers it to the surrounding, further cooling the cold region ) Q>0,Q,<0,W<0 DW=Q,+Q, =1Q,1-1Q1 Ewavya Publication ——‘Std. XH ‘or Carnot reltigerator, Oi 11) For isobaric: i) AP=0 ii) W=PAV ii) Q=AU+W iy) AT #0 P ry AB v) Figure 12) For isachoric : i) AV=0 i) W=0 i) Q= AU i aTeo eH oad Eklavya Publication ——— — P Pp, ie . 2 ) Figure P, e v 13) For isothermal : i) AT=AU=0 AA i) W=PAV=mRT log (y° ii) Q=W P BP, 4 | | 5 iA iv) Figure | \ a ——_— $$ Exizige PuticationPhysles Forma td, Xl [st —— 14) For adiabatic : ) Q=0 i) aU=-W ‘ aR i) W= “U-) in) Figure 15) Performance of a refrigerator : i) Coefcient of performance = !Qct (K)= W / Il ORO IGi —__ kljs Pubteaton et | Physics Formulae where, H = Rate of heat removed p= Power required to remove heat 17) Camot reftigerator Te Ke a,-Te 18) Coefficient of performance of a Caznot reffgerator co lel Qe 1-10 Te Ty Te 19) Efficiency of the Carnot engine is t, =)-2 we-3 — evga Povitestione ew ry 5, Oscillations 9 : The displacement (x) ofthe panics x=Asin(ott >) Case 1: If the panicles stats SHM fiom performing liter SHM is the mean position, xzoatt=0 | » Restoring force () | x= Asin(ot) | fe-kx | Case I: Ifthe particles tans SHIM fom theexteme Position, = share x= sAatt-0 ' k= Constant of Force constant | x24 Acos(at) ; x= Disphcement 6) Expression of displacement (9), velocity () and aclersion | (a)at time (t) is j x=Asin(wt+ 6) | , , = + 3) The differential equation of linear SHM is | Aw cos(wt+ §) | Iw ae eag? Se[Eh=o a= 7 Aw? sin(ot+ §) | a (m | 7) Nelostyofthe panicles atmeanposionandextemepstion’s | ; Case I: Ifthe mean position, x= 0, then | Beukeo | Ym TtA@ | Case IT Ifthe extreme position, x= + A, then on fee hg =0 Rees | Case: At the mean postia, x =O, so that, the acceleration s | minimum, OR Acceleration (a) < iy a, =0 4 ‘ost he pics ering linear SHMis «= C88 WL: At the extreme position, x= 2 A, so that, the v=tovatagt acceleration is maximum. Fo'A | a, se gs nege, De i Pao (ax 8) Period of SYM fa TH2ayE 9) Frequency of SHM 10) Projection of displacement yzrsin(ot* 4) 11) Projection of velocity (v) y,=7.0c050 =1.a00s (wt* $) 12) Projection of acceleration (a) 3=-1.0%sind =-1.u'sin(@t 6) 13) Grp represeaton of SHM | a) Particles exceuting SHM starting from mean position, toe positive @= 0 ') Displacement (x) = =Asin (ot) A) Velocity (¥)=4 wy eos (en) i) Acceleration fa) = —_—- Ekday ~Aw'sin (ot) 78 Publication ol? T | 4 o |? 2n & 1 @ 0 0 x -sol o | aw | o 0 |-Aot} 0 |+act} 0 |-auF Particles performing SHM stortng from the positive extreme x position O= > fg i) Displacement (x)= Asin (at + 5) x=Acos (ot) dx i Velocity (= 4 y=—Aa sin (a!) iil) Acceleration (a) =—A 70s (ot) aT aT 7 o i 3 4 Ez 4 = | oe @) | 2 | a an (8) a "15 Z - lwfa ]of-afela w | o |-ao| 9 | ae} ® [-A2 (@ |-aor| 0 | ae | o [Ae 0OO a a 14) Equation of SHM x=Rsin (ot + 5) 15), Resultant amplitude R= [AP rAP +2AA2 coslb 4) 16) Initial phase (5) of the resultant motion ___ (Asin +Aasings 3 = tag cos6, +A, COS), Speeial Cases + 1, = mA‘? co: I 3) Iftwo SHMs are in phase 7 mA’? cos (wt + >) (@-4)=0 - 1 , E,= 7 kAtcos* (wt + $) ate, 19) The potential ia 2 IfA,-A,=A, we get potential energy (PE) (E,) of the particles at displacement (x) R=2A Fite LA sin (ot ; ii) Iftwo SHMs are 90° out of phase 2 2 ott $) ; t (hm $,)=90° E- Sma =, 005(4~ §,)= : a)=0 20) The total energy of the particles is the sum of its KE and PE. a R= 3A : u i) Ifewo SHMs are 180° out of phase zmorA? (4~ 6,)= 180° \ 1 008(4~ §,) =a = aka I 2R=0 1 _ Eom) HlO¥ya Publication, | etary PattcationLn aank§ 2) E= eb mtn’)! 3 = 2ycna'm x Be 2n'nge Special Cases : ‘Atthe MP. (x= 2)and velocity is maximum Le E=(E),.7 pmo and potential energy (E,)ie = 0 i) Atthe ED, the selocity of the particles is zero and x= +A 1 E=€),,= jmo'A! and kinotic energy (E,),,, = 0 ii) TKEL=PE, v2 ) a te atantgg f W A iy SEED bee bla pene k= GGA) E PERG gy) Time period of a simple pendulum oe Ton yy 2B) Frequency of oscillation (n) of the simple pendulum is a Pt Ase 0 on VL 24) Second’s pendulum Ay T=2n fo "Ve 23) Length of second’s pendulura an (T=2 See.) %) t=-CO where, += Torque C= Constant of proportionelity 9 = Angular displacement (MHTCETINOTES) SCE) sem —_—_—_—_—— a etavya Pubtication(0) yin” for angular SHM z go By £7 \+c8=0 if) Jar acceleration (at) is 28) The ang #0}_ 00 ole 29) += HBO ‘where, 1 = Torque = Magnetic dipole moment B= Uniform magnetic field 8 = Angular displacement 30) ¢= Ia. where, 1 Moment of inertia ofthe bar magent © = Angular acceleration (th Physi sr) Physics Formulae mped oscillations “eens | ya Aet eos (o't+ §) -n where, Ae™ is the amplitude of the damped harmonic oscillations sg) Angular frequency () x 38) For free oscillations ——_ $$ Eniovya pabtication2) General equation of the particles is yOst}=f(-v) This equation represents a progressive wave travelling in ty positive x-direction with constant speed (v). ‘The function f depends upon the motion of the source of disturbance, YO =Asin (kx ~ at) where, A> Amplitude of the wave ‘the wave number Wavelength ofthe wave © = Angular Hrequency of the w: ave (=e ist k Sthe speed) 169 Asindas ayy equati "forthe disturbance along ——— the negative ¥ 28 Pobteaton o—___ Oy i (93 Physics Formulae il Ph [3 ropazation along the positive x-axis is op yk) t sina (G-Z & yeasin2n (nt 9) x sin2an(t~) yeAsin 2a (nt+ > . x y=Asin2 qn (t+ — 2 Y=Asin $= (vt hx) 5) The resultant of the wave of equation is yey ty, A, sinat +A, sin (ott 6) =Asin (wt+ $) ————. oe tiarya Punttationi 94 Physles Fon , Stix : 6) There. tant amplitude (A) is Case 1: For 6 =0 (Che resultant amplitude is maximum.) A= JA? +2A,A,c0s(0)+ As" 0 A TATA, Ifthe amplitudes of the waves are equal, i.c. A, = A, = os Aga) = 24 Case I: For 9 = rrad (The resultant amplitude is minimum.) A= JA +2A,A,cos(n) +A," = VA- Ax) * Aga) =14,- A, If the amplitudes of the waves are equal. the resultant amplitude is zero. “fA, The intensities of the wave are proportional to the square¢! their amplitudes. When $=0 Yaa © (AQ? (A, + ASP and When §= x Tu. An) =(A,-AP TROY Pubticatlon AL=A,= Ate »” Physics Formulae youtk pen ts) re faferg} y= 2a sin (2 rent) . cos > Qmx 1 y= 2acos S—-sin Qxat) (1) 2ax . But 2a cos —~ =A, put in eq. (1) «y= Asin (2 rent) OR y=Asin(@t) (@ =2nn) OR y=y,+¥, yeasin a4( fe -*) +asin n{i+2) TR Th. : y-2acos (22), sn (2) “y= 2acos 3 sip -y-asn(2@ “ ySAsin T Where, 2a cos (=) =A “ Y=Asin (ot) etary Pub cationoy Physics Fom 9) Condition for node Nodes are the points of minimum displacement ARQ) | (2) a cos |— | =0 x The distance between two successive nodes is = is 10) Condition for antinodes : =th) —_ EXavya Publication a) oe a : 97 Physics Formulae | 2B <0, 20 Bt oe a where, p=0, 1, 2,3, 44 1 Similarly, the distance between two successive antinodes is 5. 11) Therefore, the distance between anode andan. adjacent antinode is. 12) End correction = e=03d where, end correction d= Inner diameter of the pipe 13) For a pipe closed at one end L=l+e 14) For a pipe Leite 15) Imapipe closed at one end, only odd harmonies (3n, Sn, 79, present aS overtones. _—e nee Publication open'at both ends ——_——__LY .(e=034) n= 40F8) i) phovertone = (2p+ 1)* harmonic. 7 n= Cpt Ho p+)-V 2: oa ~0= ar) iii) End correction (Pipe closed at one end) : 16) Ina pipe open at both ends, all harmonics (2n, 3n, 4m, 50) Present as overtones. i) Fundamental mode : Ra ea — risa — provertone = (P + 1)* harmonic. i by (p+) ae @pt a (p+)-V OL i) yen 2Percs ji) OR Lygea = 2E toes \) End correction : Bhat 20, —m,) nl. OR &= Fn al ™) 17) Vibrations produced in a string : 3) The frequency of vibrations of the string E a This is the lowest frequency or fundamental frequency of Vibrations or 1" harmonic. 4) pP overtone = (p+ 1)* harmoric, m= (P+ In wen ft rd Vm —_—_—_—— tanya PuteationForm a 1s) TI Fundamental frequency ofa vibrating s imate J aN Law oflength : nes _.(if mand T are constant.) L n= Corstant * 7 2 w= Constant Constant Law of tension : ne ¥F — ...(lf'mand J are constant.) n= Constant x J a 2 p= Constant oR Ire fig Constant ii). Law of linear density : De Ym Tand Jare constant.) = Constant x | im im = Constant —__ Fea Pubieation me Zn at —— oman iri is the radius, pis the den YY OF miaterial of string, jnear densi is given by qigear density = muss Per unt length = (Volume per unit length) x density Loensity= |p JP = are 1 1 ne arp na and na i 18) The equation of a progressive wave is YaY Ys y~asin (2xn, t) +asin (2nn, t) nto > OR y=2asin [5 ») J es [x Rearranging the equation [2nd] sin eed 2an(m—m) [a cos [=e] i y= 2a cos mt 9 =Aand z y=Asin (2ant) ———_- ——— Enlavya Publicationa_i, Way For maximum amplitude (waxing) A=i2a 2n(ny—M3) 2a ol The period of beats is 1 Frequency of beats (N) =n, —n, aa) (203) n for waning : Physies Formulae Avo 2n(m,—M2) | yecos| yt = 2 es 2 13 (Fe om)’ 2G, A)" . The period of beats is w pH tobe4( 7) son I, #4 minimurn reference intensity.) ee etiswye Pubttcati¢n \ t_ [sexn a0) ies Fa SE 7. Wave Optics oe ) ass cra where, c= Speed of light v = Frequency 4, = Wavelength of light 2 ph. BO ra sin(r) > a wena M2 V2 hy 4) Fora parallel i F i espe eam oft inmedium | incident on an interface eam width in medium 1 ¢os(i) Beam width in medium 22, = cos(r) 5) Malus taw 1,1, cose ©) Brewster's tay: a= oy OR 6,= tan! B ay tie ration ~~ a xl between path difference (A) and phase difference n rere aos 2e) al w-(2) : d a) (20 4 =yI DIZ Al=y¥ py) wavr()@) ard §) Condition for constructive interference in terms of path diffrence is 4 AImy.D Aland where, ‘y,’ be the position (y-coordinate) of (n= 0, £1, £2, nee aD d Similarly, the position of ‘o® bright fringe ) nb (n=0, £1, 2. (destructive interference) is d aly 5 1 s(n a) which giving. cxievye Publication —<—=—<—_——— | i107 Physics Formulaa 9) “The distance betwee” any 1WO SUECESSive dank gel | GAM — Tore ofthe bright ringes, the amplitude wile, + suceessive bright fringes (y,,~ ¥,) isequal. (This ig calag i ‘Oe nd hence the intensity is width.) an ea Ea 3 +. Fringe width = W= AY=¥,.,—¥, ve art ‘at the centre of the dark fringes, the intensities wi i et be Zer0, but aweR ly (Ey— Bx” 10) Condition for constructive interference in terms of A lee. _ En HEY difference (A §) is i) Oo En Ew) 44,=nQn) B EI (&#) i, Condition fr destructive interference in terms of phase difrens ae is wy teehee? Yi 0086 1 46,-0-5)2n For, =1,=0 n=21,22,43, 1=21,(1 +cos$) 12) Intensity distribution : 22 E,=E.sinot Hees and E,= E, sin (ot +) Ladle ++ The amplitude of the wave is tan" 2 angular gues (0) area é |i) The wave vector (k) a" =2E, cos (7) as 13) dite re he waves c are ) it fthe waves coming fy sii ; coming from th : ie two slits the wave) y (v= Speod enlarge Pubtention, Bitte Pitcation ae La»,ye ee 508 ao] ge ii) Phase change (A$) =kAX jéth of the contral maxima =20,= 2 HAS : ange | | _ "ndary maxima =O, & sin o,=(med} 2 | Ifthe wave is travelling in Vaca yaeesonb a wr Ax and A= c (nz th 42,+3, i) Thewaveis tevllingin amedium having a refactve inde 9 then its ys" and "is . in 0 y) mf miniona = 0,, = sit Oy a | | | | Y ‘ | kat , DA ay the central of the I" minimum from the centre of jistance 4) Dista maximum a () 11) Width of the central bright fringe I 5 aD | w-2y,22w-2(22) ' 15}i) Optical path =a i : Optical path =a In conjugate foci method | =n doy a= fea, | 4) A distance “@ travelled in a medium of refractive index (0), introduces a Path difference = nd-d=¢ (n-1) 16) Single slit difzetion: (Extra) i) Angularhaltwidth ofthe central maximum, \ { = Ga : a ___ —_—__——_- Eklavya Publication Enlavya Pubtication — | ee )Ve interference tera Ext beeen | right Sige aa pectin | (Rear! eon foe | Jone 68 | teen nberers | —n : 19) Raysigh’s criterion forthe init of resolution oF (for resolving power) ') Angular separation (position) of the 1* principal minimum is w= a 4) Limit of resolution: (4) = a ii) y=D (ao) = ya “a (Sar ama] 2 sing OE of amicroscope : path ifference = 2a sine “ sre path aifference at the Ist dark ring “9, i > 2 2asina = 2. h a Qnsina ~ 2(NA) ~(N-A = Numerical aperture) ip Resolution power (8) 21), Microscope with self luminous point objects 2asina= 1.22), 2, 122 _ 061, _ 061A ORO dosing asa * NA. Bateau stion m |where, @= Total flux = Total charge inside the closed surface 2) Bei intensiy due to uniformly charged spherical sey hollow sphere : i) Total charge on sphere q=ox4nR? if) Total electric flux through the Gaussian surface is a) o=E4nr b) Electric field intensity 14 E=4reF a eR? ii) E= er Case I: Ifthe point ‘P’lies on the surface of the charged spiee lectric field intensity dy x 7 'Y du to an ‘finitely long straight charged The total electric fhux through the Gauss, is e2arlE a i) E-Oeejr ian cylindrical surface [The direction ofthe cetriefed'E is deced tne iy is positive and inward i*9,"is negative " Electric field duc to a charged infinite plane sheet : i) Charge per unit surface area or sriaoe charge density s 4 A OR q=0.A Electric flux : i) = [B.ag=E ds cos ii) o-2 ii) ge & ——_—_ a ——$§ Etarya puritcation114 6) Dielectric constant of a medium € Kray, 7) Electric intensity 14 ake," 8) Electric intensity at point outside a charged spherical i q o-R? 4 D Bsn” Gee (t > R) where, 6 = ii) Eo wut = R) 9) Electric potential and potential energy : i) Increase in the P.E, of the system Pear = dU 1 11 9 a-(eja(4) 2 an [But the change'in done (W)] = lt Nonave[zzjon(2t) eee potential energy (AU) is equal to the wot i Eklavya Publication ay, ute) = (4) (*8) a) The PE, of a two particles system at a distance other (as: UO= laze, t “T'ffom gach as lane )% _{_% *\arer JU 11) Electrostatic PE. (U) = Electric potential (V) x Charge (q) U Ww Wve g OR yaar OR W=q(V,-V,) ii} Electrostatic potential difference between any two points in a electric field is UUs aw q q "2) Relation between electric field and the electri potential V.-V,=—e 13) i) Bletsic pent poi Physies Formulae es due to a system of charges en (V,) at “PP due to the charge (q)is 4 1 (4 werd a veW= Gre,t Ve ane (2 | ‘(Potential fora singe charge) .d particles produces a positive ey ‘A positively chores ae roenal rd anogetinely charged particles produces a nega, electric potential] or V* 4ne, ' pletrostatic P.E. of two point charges and of a dipole in an = . Electrostatic Mm field : 4) Potential enerBy of a system of two point charges, 1 ad Ue : U= Gre, fa etre potential duc to an electric dipole 1) Bectrie PE. of a point charge qa, U=Gae,K 6 lg =) ¢) PE. for a system of N point charges 7 1 a4 4) If potential at an axial point, = 0° -| Us y ake (towards a) point, 0= 0° (towards +q) or 18° Ane, alipin Ty Hp 4) BE. ofa single charge in an external elect field Va" Gee, Fe PE.= qV(7) b) Hpotentiat ®) PE. of a system of two charges inan extemal elect fk Potential at . at an equatorial point, 0= 90° and V=0 = ve E. ofa sytem=a,VA) + AMG)! Test —_ Envy Publication me -|\—_ cidovya Publican