Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow:

Unresolved problems dog manufacturing

The machinery and capital equipment industry is “very quiet” and many
businesses are reluctant to spend on marketing or new procurement, owing to
challenges such
as power failures, water cuts, crime, protests and logistics disruptions, says
industry organisation South African Capital Equipment Export Council
(SACEEC) director and CEO Eric Bruggeman.

Vandalism of State-owned freight company Transnet’s infrastructure is

affecting logistics while bureaucratic problems at border posts exacerbate the
issues encountered by businesses in the sector.

He adds that a combination of challenges is affecting businesses, which has a

ripple effect on the procurement and supply chain.

South Africa no longer has the equipment stock levels it used to have, owing to the
global lockdowns during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly with business
disruptions in China, which led to “sky-high shipping costs”, after pandemic
restrictions eased.

He highlights that disruptions, riots and the recent floods at the Durban harbour, in
KwaZulu-Natal, resulted in cargo having to be redirected to the ports in Gqeberha
or Cape Town.

Countries at the border are affected the most, owing to the pressure and problems
at border gates, while the performance of the industry is reflected in businesses’
order books.

Previously, order books had one years to 18-months’ worth of orders; currently,
they have orders for periods of only one or two months, indicating that businesses
are “merely surviving, not thriving”, adds Bruggeman.

In contrast to the limited business activity in South Africa, companies in Canada and
Australia, as well as those in South America and Europe, are gaining by exporting to
Africa.

“I think there’s a transition that South African companies must go through to

develop other products and find markets in which to flourish. Over the past
couple of
years, mining did not do well – in fact, production slowed down. There aren’t any
new shafts opening and some shafts have closed, and given mining’s importance to
the country, the economy has slowed down as well.”

He adds that SACEEC members with footholds in the rest of Africa, such as
Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of Congo, are
performing relatively well, despite the lull in the market.

BRICS Summit

There is uncertainty about the direction the manufacturing industry will take
following the outcome of the fifteenth Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
(BRICS) Summit, which was held from August 22 to 24, in South Africa,
expresses Bruggeman, noting that the country does not export much to other
BRICS countries.

South Africa does not export to Brazil – the double taxation laws make
exporting “very expensive” – China and India – these nations are
“manufacturing giants”. It does
not export to Russia either, as Russia has most of the minerals that South Africa
exports.

Further, he argues that “South Africa’s problem is not an unemployment problem but
an import problem. We import about R13-trillion a year worth of products from China,
and if we imported a lot less and manufactured a lot more, we’d be able to employ a
lot more people”.

“Remember, when importing, you are actually employing people in another country,
so the more you import, the more people we employ around the world, except in
South Africa, and that is the problem.”

Consequently, Bruggeman stresses that the country’s inclination to buy the

cheapest imported goods is one of the major causes of unemployment, and
suggests that one of South Africa’s objectives following the BRICS Summit
should be the reinforcement of support for countries that are willing to buy
locally manufactured goods.

Growing the Economy

Contrary to popular belief, South Africa has the necessary skills and appetite
for manufacturing, but there is not enough activity in the market, which, in turn,
translates into the industry producing fewer job opportunities, even for those with
the requisite skills, Bruggeman says.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are not established in the manufacturing sector,
owing to the cost of machinery and equipment, the expenses incurred in acquiring
International Organisation for Standardisation certification, as well as meeting all the
necessary quality standards and specifications required for manufacturing facilities.

“When the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is at -0.2% or 0.2% . . . it
means the economy is not growing . . . there isn’t sufficient work in the country to
keep everybody busy. The country needs a GDP growth rate of at least 4% to 5%
over a couple of years to grow,” he adds.
He concludes that the informal sector in South Africa is booming because people
do not have jobs and are forced into starting small businesses in their various
communities but that they are merely surviving, as there is very little room for
growth in this sector. Source: https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/

Question One
With reference to the above Case Study:
1.1 Conduct a detailed ETOP (Environmental Threat and Opportunity Profile) with
an application and analysis of each sector. Support your answers with relevant
examples from the case study.
1.2 Discuss the impact of rational, visionary and experimentation processes in
decision making.

Question Two
Evaluate the impact of Business Intelligence (BI) on the logistics network as
referred to in the case study. Desktop research in encouraged.

Question three
Corporate level strategies are also referred to as grand strategies. Referring to the
case study, analyse the impact of challenge within the manufacturing industry in
South Africa on growth strategies. Provide examples

Question Four
Discuss the four main elements of culture and how they effect a company with
reference to the case study. Provide examples.
Explain the difference between primary and secondary stakeholders as referred to in
the case study.