Towards Realizing the Vision of Organic 6G

Networks
Seminar

Nithin V Mathew

College of Engineering, Chengannur

MCA S4 CHN22MCA-2039
Guide:Neethu Treesa Jacob
( Assistant Professor)

February 6, 2024

Nithin V Mathew (CEC) Organic 6G Networks February 6, 2024 1 / 16

Presentation Overview

1 Introduction

2 Objectives

3 Literature review

4 Existing System

5 Proposed System
Ablation Study for Feature Pruning

6 Result and discussions

7 Conclusion

8 Future Scope

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Introduction

• 6G is the next generation of wireless mobile communications.

• It is expected to offer significant improvements over 5G in
terms of speed, latency, and capacity.
• 6G networks are expected to enable a wide range of new
applications and services, such as augmented reality (AR) and
virtual reality (VR).

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Objectives

• 6G provides high data rates compared to 5G for faster and

more efficient communication.
• Achieve reduced latency levels in applications such as
augmented reality and virtual reality to enhance user
experience, ensuring reliable and responsive connectivity.
• To develop more energy efficient systems,6G may focus on
reducing the energy consumption of network infrastructure
and devices

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Literature review

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Existing System

• 5G network rollout costs are high, leading to potentially

expensive service plans and limited initial accessibility.
• Currently, 5G-compatible devices are generally more
expensive than their 4G devices.
• Fast 5G speeds come with short range, blocked by buildings,
hindering widespread and consistent coverage, particularly in
rural areas.
• The increased power demands of 5G can drain phone batteries
faster compared to 4G

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Proposed System

• 6G networks offer even faster data rates than 5G, enabling

seamless streaming of ultra-high-definition content, faster
downloads/uploads, and better support for emerging
technologies like VR, AR, and holographic communications
• 6G networks will support a vast number of connected devices
simultaneously, crucial for IoT, smart cities, and seamless
communication among countless sensors and devices.
• 6G networks may be more energy-efficient than 5G, reducing
environmental impact and extending mobile device battery life.
• 6G networks could virtually eliminate latency, vital for real-time
tasks like remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and industrial
automation.

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framework

4-Figure1-1.png

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Features selection

• It focusing on distinguishing fake reviews from genuine ones.

• The features are divided into two categories: review-centric
and reviewer-centric.
• Text Pre-processing
• Motivation for Textual Analysis
• TF-IDF Usage
• Reviewer’s Social Interaction

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Classification algorithm

• The proposed mode use five machine learning algorithms as

base classifiers. These are Random Forest (RF), Xgboost,
Lightgbm, Catboost, and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree
(GBDT).
• The choice of several different classifiers is justified by
referencing the ”no free lunch theorem.”
• The decision to use machine learning algorithms over deep
learning methods is influenced by practical considerations,
such as the availability and difficulty of obtaining labeled
training data for deep learning models in the context of fake
review detection.

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Classifier optimization

• classifiers involves three key steps: data resampling, feature

pruning, and parameter optimization.
• Proposes a novel approach combining resampling with grid
search to find the best sampling ratio for each classifier,
enhancing efficiency.
• the application of an ablation study to determine the
usefulness of features. Features are dropped one at a time,
and the F1-score is observed. If the F1-score increases or
remains unchanged when a feature is dropped, it is considered
unimportant and pruned.
• starting with a large range of values and gradually narrowing
down based on results.

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Algorithm
Input: Set of selected classifiers C = C1,C2,. . . , Cm; Set of selected
features F = F1, F2,. . . , Fn;
Output: The usefulness of Fj for Ci U = Uij (i [1,m],j [1,n]) // Uij = 1
represents that feature j is useful for classifier i, and Uij = 0
represents that feature j is unimportant or not useful for classifier i
and should be pruned in classifier i
1: for i = 1, 2, . . . , m do
2: for j = 1, 2, . . . , n do
3: drop Fj
in Ci ;
4: if F1-score (without Fj) ¡ F1-score (with Fj) then
5: Uij = 1
6: else
7: Uij = 0
8: end if
9: end for
10: end for
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Result

• Performance on Imbalanced Datasets.

• Stability Across Different Data Distributions.
• Scalability Across Different Scales.
• Outperformance of Traditional Models
• Effectiveness of Resampling Approach
• Ablation Study for Feature Pruning
• Robustness Enhancement through Ensemble Strategies.
• Novel Option for Fake Review Detection.

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Conclusion

• the challenges in identifying fake reviews by proposing an

ensemble model that effectively tackles issues related to
dataset imbalance and subjective feature selection.
• The optimized ensemble model outperforms traditional
models, providing practical implications for improving fake
review detection.

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Future Scope

’
• Evaluation with Various Datasets
• Robustness Analysis
• Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Learning
• Advanced Learning Techniques

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References

1 An Ensemble Model for Fake Online Review Detection Based

on Data Resampling, Feature Pruning, and Parameter
Optimization https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/

2 R. Mohawesh et al., ”Fake Reviews Detection: A Survey,” in IEEE

Access, vol. 9, pp. 65771-65802, 2021, doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3075573. keywords: Feature
extraction;Task analysis;Social networking (online);Deep
learning;Companies;Portable computers;Fake review;fake
review detection;feature engineering;machine learning;deep
learning,

3 M. L. Jensen, J. M. Averbeck, Z. Zhang, and K. B. Wright,

“Credibility of anonymous online product reviews: A language
expectancy perspective,” J. Manage. Inf. Syst., vol. 30, no. 1, pp.
293–324, Jul. 2013

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