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მათემატიკა 7 (მასწ.წიგნი), ჯაფარიძე, წილოსანი, წულაია
მათემატიკა 7 (მასწ.წიგნი), ჯაფარიძე, წილოსანი, წულაია
maTematika 7
maswavleblis wigni
2
sarCevi
Sesavali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
erovnuli saswavlo gegma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
წლის ბოლოს მისაღწევი შედეგები და მათი ინდიკატორები. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
მოსწავლის შეფასების სისტემა. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
gTavazobT ramdenime gakveTilis sanimuSo scenars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
I Tavi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1. gameoreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2. gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebis Sedareba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3. ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Seamowme Seni codna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4. gayofadobis niSnebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5. ricxvTa gayofadobis zogierTi Tviseba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Seamowme Seni codna:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6. simravle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7. simravleTa toloba. qvesimravle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
II Tavi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1. geometriuli figurebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2. wrfis da wertilebis urTierTmdebareba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3. wrfeebis urTierTmdebareoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4. sxivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5. monakveTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. naxevarsibrtye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8. kuTxis gazomva. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9. kuTxis biseqtrisa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10. mosazRvre kuTxeebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11. vertikaluri kuTxeebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
12. kuTxe or wrfes Soris. wrfeTa marTebuloba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
13. texili, mravalkuTxedi, samkuTxedi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
14. samkuTxedis simaRle, biseqtrisa, mediana.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
15. wrewiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
III Tavi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1. monacemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2. cxrilebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3. wriuli diagrama. piktograma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4. monacemTa saSualo, moda, mediana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5. procenti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6. ricxvis povna misi procentis mixedviT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7. ori ricxvis Sefardebis procentuli gamosaxuleba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8. proporcia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
9. proporciuli sidideebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10. ricxvis dayofa proporciul nawilebad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
11. ukuproporciuli sidideebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3
IV Tavi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
1. uaryofiTi ricxvebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2. racionaluri ricxvebis Sedareba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3. ricxvis moduli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4. racionaluri ricxvebis Sekreba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5. racionaluri ricxvebis gamokleba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6. racionaluri ricxvebis gamravleba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7. gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanoni, frCxilebis gaxsna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
8. gantoleba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
9. gantolebis amoxsna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
10. amocanebis amoxsna gantolebebis meSveobiT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
V Tavi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
1. mimdevroba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2. sakoordinato sibrtye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3. grafiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4. paraleluri gadatana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5. RerZuli simetria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6. wrfeTa paralelobis niSnebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7. paralelur wrfeTa Tvisebebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
8. samkuTxedis kuTxeebis jami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
9. samkuTxedebis tolobis I da II niSani. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
10. tolferda samkuTxedis Tvisebebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
11. samkuTxedis tolferdobis niSnebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
12. monakveTis SuamarTobi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
13. samkuTxedis tolobis III niSani. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
14. samkuTxedis gare kuTxe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
15. samkuTxedis utoloba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
16. marTkuTxa samkuTxedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
17. kuTxis biseqtrisis Tviseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
18. paralelogrami. paralelogramis Tvisebebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
19. rombi, rombis farTobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
20. marTkuTxedi, kvadrati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
VI Tavi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
1. xarisxis Tvisebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
2. erTwevri. erTwevris gamravleba da axarisxeba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
3. mravalwevri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4. erTwevrisa da mravalwevris namravli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
5. mravalwevrebis namravli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6. igiveoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7. Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8. mravalwevris daSla mamravlebad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9. kubebis jami da kubebis sxvaoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4
Sesavali
5
erovnuli saswavlo gegma
მონაცემთა ანალიზი,
რიცხვები და კანონზომიერებები და გეომეტრია და
ალბათობა და
მოქმედებები ალგებრა სივრცის აღქმა
სტატისტიკა
6
წლის ბოლოს მისაღწევი შედეგები და მათი ინდიკატორები
7
ხერხებს და მოქმედებათა შედეგის შეფასებას;
• აფასებს რაციონალურ რიცხვებზე არითმეტიკულ მოქმედებათა შედეგს, ასრულებს
მოქმედებებს და ამოწმებს საკუთარ ვარაუდს;
• ამრგვალებს რაციონალურ რიცხვებს მითითებული სიზუსტით; მიახლოებით პოულობს
(სიზუსტის მითითების გარეშე) არითმეტიკული გამოსახულების მნიშვნელობას;
• იყენებს შეფასებას ათწილადებზე (წერითი ალგორითმის ან კალკულატორის
გამოყენებით) ჩატარებული გამოთვლების შედეგის ადეკვატურობის შესამოწმებლად.
8
სიმრავლეებზე ოპერაციების (ორი სიმრავლის თანაკვეთა და გაერთიანება), სასრულ
სიმრავლეთა შორის მიმართების, ელემენტსა და სიმრავლეს შორის მიმართების
გამოსახვისას.
9
VII.10. მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული ობიექტების წარმოდგენა ამოცანის კონტექსტის
შესაბამისად.
შედეგი თვალსაჩინოა, თუ მოსწავლე:
• აგებს დასმული ამოცანის შესაბამის ნახაზს და ადეკვატურად იყენებს ასოით აღნიშვნებს;
10
მიმართულება: მონაცემთა ანალიზი, ალბათობა და სტატისტიკა
11
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka
xangrZlivoba
savaraudo
Sinaarsi Temis kavSiri miznebTan da SedegebTan
1 2 3
I Tavi მოსწავლეს შეუძლია რაციონალური
VI klasSi Seswavlili რიცხვების წაკითხვა, გამოსახვა, შედარება
masalis gameoreba. და დალაგება პოზიციური სისტემის
gamosaxulebaTa გამოყენებით; რიცხვების თვისებების
mniSvnelobebis Sedareba. გამოკვლევა პოზიციური სისტემის
ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi. გამოყენებით.
gayofadobis niSnebi.
მოსწავლეს შეუძლია რაციონალურ
ricxvTa gayofadobis
რიცხვებზე მოქმედებების სხვადასხვა ხერხით 13 sT
zogierTi Tviseba.
შესრულება.
simravle.
simravleTa toloba. მოსწავლეს შეუძლია სიმრავლური ცნებებისა
qvesimravle. და ოპერაციების გამოყენება ამოცანის
simravleTa TanakveTa ამოხსნისას.
da gaerTianeba.
sakontrolo wera №1 1 sT
II Tavi მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული
geometriuli figurebi. ფიგურების ამოცნობა, მათი სახეობების
wrfisa da wertilebis შედარება და კლასიფიცირება.
urTierTmdebareoba.
მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული
wrfeebis urTierTmdebareoba.
ობიექტების წარმოდგენა ამოცანის
sxivi.
კონტექსტის შესაბამისად.
monakveTi.
naxevarsibrtye. მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული
kuTxe. ამოცანების ამოხსნა სამკუთხედებთან
kuTxis gazomva. დაკავშირებული ცნებებისა და ფაქტების
გამოყენებით. 23 sT
kuTxis biseqtrisa.
mosazRvre kuTxeebi.
vertikaluri kuTxeebi.
kuTxe or wrfes Soris;
wrfeTa marTobuloba.
texili, mravalkuTxedi,
samkuTxedi.
samkuTxedis simaRle,
biseqtrisa, mediana.
wrewiri.
sakontrolo wera №2 1 sT
12
1 2 3
III Tavi მოსწავლეს შეუძლია ზომის სხვადასხვა
monacemebi. ერთეულების ერთმანეთთან დაკავშირება
cxrilebi. და მათი გამოყენება ამოცანების ამოხსნისას.
wriuli diagrama.
მოსწავლეს შეუძლია სიდიდეებს
piktograma.
შორის პირდაპირპროპორციული
monacemTa saSualo,
დამოკიდებულების ამოცნობა და გამოსახვა.
moda, mediana.
procenti. მოსწავლეს შეუძლია დასმული ამოცანის
ricxvis povna misi ამოსახსნელად საჭირო თვისობრივი და 17 sT
procentis mixedviT. რაოდენობრივი მონაცემების მოპოვება.
ori ricxvis Sefardebis მოსწავლეს შეუძლია თვისობრივი და
procentuli gamosaxuleba. რაოდენობრივი მონაცემების მოწესრიგება
proporcia. და წარმოდგენა დასმული ამოცანის
proporciuli sidideebi. ამოსახსნელად ხელსაყრელი ფორმით.
ricxvis dayofa proporciul
nawilebad.
ukuproporciuli sidideebi.
sakontrolo wera №3 1 sT
sakontrolo wera №4 1 sT
13
1 2 3
V Tavi მოსწავლეს შეუძლია ობიექტთა
mimdevroba. პერიოდული მიმდევრობის და მუდმივი
sakoordinato sibrtye. ნაზრდის მქონე რიცხვითი მიმდევრობის
grafiki. გავრცობა და გაანალიზება.
paraleluri gadatana.
მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული
RerZuli simetria.
ფიგურების ამოცნობა, მათი სახეობების
wrfeTa paralelobis niSnebi.
შედარება და კლასიფიცირება.
paralelur wrfeTa Tvisebebi.
samkuTxedis kuTxeebis jami. მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული
samkuTxedebis tolobis I da II ობიექტების წარმოდგენა ამოცანის
niSani. კონტექსტის შესაბამისად.
tolferda samkuTxedis Tvisebebi. მოსწავლეს შეუძლია გეომეტრიული 30 sT
samkuTxedis tolferdobis niS- ამოცანების ამოხსნა სამკუთხედებთან
nebi. დაკავშირებული ცნებებისა და ფაქტების
monakveTis SuamarTobi. გამოყენებით.
samkuTxedebis tolobis III niSani.
samkuTxedis gare kuTxe.
samkuTxedis utoloba.
marTkuTxa samkuTxedi.
kuTxis biseqtrisis Tviseba.
paralelogrami. paralelogramis
Tvisebebi.
rombi. rombis farTobi.
marTkuTxedi. kvadrati.
sakontrolo wera №5 1 sT
sakontrolo wera №6 1 sT
14
მოსწავლის შეფასების სისტემა
მოსწავლის შეფასების მიზანი, პრინციპები და მიდგომები
1. მოსწავლის შეფასების მიზანია სწავლა-სწავლების ხარისხის მართვა, რაც გულისხმობს
სწავლის ხარისხის გაუმჯობესებაზე ზრუნვასა და კონტროლს.
2. მოსწავლის აკადემიური მიღწევის შეფასება უნდა იყოს ხშირი და მრავალმხრივი; მან
ხელი უნდა შეუწყოს: მოსწავლეთა მრავალმხრივ განვითარებას, მათი შესაძლებლობების
გამოვლენას, სხვადასხვა პოტენციალის მქონე მოსწავლეთათვის თანაბარი პირობების
შექმნას.
3. მოსწავლე უნდა შეფასდეს სხვადასხვა ფორმებით (ესსე, პროექტის მომზადება, ზეპირი
გამოსვლა, ექსპერიმენტის ჩატარება, ცდის ჩატარება, წარმოდგენა, წერითი, ფერწერული ან
სხვა ტიპის ნამუშევარი, არგუმენტირებული მსჯელობა და სხვ.).
განმავითარებელი განმსაზღვრელი
მიზანი სწავლის ხარისხის გაუმჯობესება; სწავლის ხარისხის გაკონტროლება;
მოსწავლის მიღწევის დონის დადგენა
მოსწავლის განვითარების ეროვნული სასწავლო გეგმით
ხელშეწყობა განსაზღვრულ მიზნებთან მიმართებაში;
აკადემიური მოსწრების დონის
განსაზღვრა
შეფასების საგანი სწავლის პროცესი სწავლის შედეგი
15
მოსწავლეთა აკადემიური მიღწევები ფასდება ათქულიანი სისტემით
ქულები შეფასების დონეები
10
მაღალი
9
8
საშუალოზე მაღალი
7
6
საშუალო
5
4
საშუალოზე დაბალი
3
2
დაბალი
1
17
gTavazobT ramdenime gakveTilis sanimuSo scenars
jeradi
№ 2-is 3-is 4-is 5-is 6-is 9-is saWiro masalebi: saweri furceli da kalami.
1 “qvebi” (nebismieri figura, romelic
2
saTamaSod gamodgeba, Tund lobios, cercvis
3
4 marcvlebi).
5
18
Bbolo 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi SevajamoT dRevandeli gakveTilis Sedegebi. Mmoswavleebs
vTxovoT ,Seadginon analogiuri amocanebi. SevekiTxoT, rogor SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
cxovrebaSi, praktikaSi ricxvebze gayofadobis niSnebi ( mag. klasSi, romelSic 21
moswavlea, yoveldRiurad morigeoba SesaZlebelia sam moswavles davakisroT,
radgan 21 3-ze).
amis Semdeg maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs saSinao davalebad misces aseTi
amocana:im SemTxvevaSi, me-2 moTamaSem ar icis sworad TamaSi, rogor SeuZlia moigos
pirvels.
Aaqtivobis ganxilva: mocemuli aqtivoba saSualebas iZleva ganaviTaros
moswavleebSi azrovnebis unari. moxdes maT mier varaudis gamoTqmadakvleva, swori
gadawyvetilebis miReba arsebul wina codnaze dayrdnobiT, rTuli problemis martiv
amocanebad dayofa da etapobrivad misi gadaWra, TanamSromloba jgufuri samuSaos
Sesrulebisas.
19
aTwiladebiT. msjeloba SeiZleba gagrZeldes manam, vidre moswavleebi ar mivlen
im daskvnamde, rom sasurvelia arCeuli iqnes iseTi ricxvi, romelic sayovelTao
standarti iqneba amgvari saxis raodenobrivi informaciis gamoqveynebisas. amis
Semdeg, bunebrivad SeiZleba procentis cnebis Semotana (ix. paragrafi me–5. procenti).
vTxovoT moswavleebs, gaixsenon sad SexvedriaT es simbolo, vaCvenoT raime, razedac
aRniSnulia Semadgenel nawilebs Soris TanafardobT procentuli saxiT (mag. wamlis
yuTi an Sokoladis fila) da vTxovoT procentTan dakavSirebuli warwerebis
ganmarteba.
mokled gavacnoT moswavleebs procentis da misi gamomsaxveli simbolos warmoSobis
istoria, ganvumartoT sityva „procentis“ etimologia (5 wT).
vavarjiSoT moswavleebi wiladebisa da aTwiladebis procentis saxiT gamosaxvaSi da
piriqiT (sav. 2, sav. 3, sav. 7, sav. 11, sav. 12); ricxvis procentis povnaSi (sav. 4, sav. 8, sav.
9, gv. 16) (15 wT).
sasurvelia savarjiSoebis miTiTebul nomrebSi mocemuli magaliTebidan nawili
gairCes gakveTilze, nawili ki mieces saSinao davalebad.
„procenti“ me–15 saukunis bolos vaWrobasTan dakavSirebulma saqmianobam warmoSva.
magaliTad, mogebam, wagebam, gadasaxadebma, Tumca es idea gacilebiT adre gaCnda, maSin,
roca romis keisarma avgustusma gadasaxadebi gaadida yvela im produqtze, romelic
gayidvaSi iyo. vaWrobidan amoRebuli gadasaxadi 1/100–s Seadgenda. gadasaxadi yovel
gaTavisuflebul monaze 1/20–s, xolo yovel gayidul monaze — 1/25–s.
me–15 saukunis italiuri „manuskriatebi“ Seicavs 20 procentis aseT Canawers:
„20??????100“.
me–16–17 saukuneebSi komerciul saqmianobaSi ukve aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda procenti
– mogebisa Tu wagebis saCveneblad.
italieli vaWrebi mogebas yovel 100 dukatze ase angariSobdnen: „20 per cento?“ (e.i.
yoveli 100–dan 20). mokled ki werdnen `20 pc“ Cqari werisas pc waagavda „%“–s da ase
TandaTanobiT „%“ simbolo gaxda aRmniSvneli „measedisa“.
500–is 20% niSnavs – 20 500–is yoveli 100–dan, e.i. 500–is 20%=20·500=100.
100
20
saprezentacio gakveTili „damoukidebeli kvlevisTvis“ micemuli amocanisaTvis
22
ZiriTadi SekiTxvebi:
1. SeiZleba Tu ara figuris Tvisebis aRmoCena misi modelis gamoyenebiT?
2. SesaZlebelia Tu ara sazomi xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT figuris Tvisebis Sesaxeb
varaudis gamoTqma?
3. debulebis samarTlianobis dadgenis romeli xerxi migaCniaT ufro sarwmunod –
zemoT CamoTvlili Tu dasabuTebis gziT miRebuli?
savaraudo dro: 1 gakveTili.
masala: didi zomis qaRaldi (formati), feradi furclebi, saxazavi, transportiri,
fanqari webo, ...
aqtivobis aRwera:
1. gakveTili iwyeba saSinao davalebis analiziT (5 wuTi).
2. maswavlebeli Txovs moswavleebs gaixsenon Seswavlili masala kuTxeebis Sesaxeb:
gansazRvreba, klasifikacia, Tvisebebi, kuTxeTa jami da misi Tvisebebi da a.S. (5 wuTi).
3. Semdeg klass dayofs oTx jgufad. orijgufis davalebaa sxvadasxva saxeobis
samkuTxedebis modelebis gamoyenebiT (mag. erTmaneTze midgmiT) gamoTqvas
varaudi samkuTxedis Siga kuTxeebis jamis Sesaxeb da moaxdinos Tavisi varaudis
samarTlianobis demonstrireba.
4. danarCen or jgufs vyofT wyvilebad, TiToeul wyvils eZleva davaleba gamoiyenos
transportiri, gazomos da aRricxos sxvadasxva saxeobis samkuTxedebis kuTxeebi
da amis safuZvelze gamoTqvas varaudi samkuTxedis Siga kuTxeebis jamis Taobaze
(sxvadasxva jgufs gamosakvlevad SeiZleba mieceT sxvadasxva saxeobis samkuTxedi)
(10 wuTi).
5. oTxive jgufi axdens Tavisi namuSevris prezentacias (10 wuTi).
6. amiT Semdeg maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavleebi kuTxeebis Sesaxeb maTTvis
cnobil debulebebze dayrdnobiT amtkiceben debulebas (10 wuTi).
7. Semdeg imarTeba diskusia, Tu romeli xerxia ioli da romeli – sarwmuno (5 wuTi).
8. maswavlebeli saSinao davalebad aZlevs moswavleebs daadginon samkuTxedis
kuTxeebTan dakavSirebuli romelime debuleba (mag. gare kuTxis Tviseba).
aqtivobis mizani:
• moswavle gaiwafos amocanis konteqstis Sesabamisad geometriul obieqtTa
gamosaxvaSi;
• SeZlos pirdapiri da Sebrunebuli winadadebebis gaazreba, Camoyalibeba;
• SeZlos wertilTa geometriuli adgilis cnebis gamoyenebiT ganmartebis an
debulebis Camoyalibeba.
• Camouyalibdes kritikuli azrovnebis, msjelobisa da dasabuTebis unari.
aqtivobis aRwera:
1. gakveTili iwyeba saSinao davalebis analiziT. ris Semdegac moswavleebs vaxsenebT
23
tolferda samkuTxedis Tvisebebsa da niSnebs (10 wuTi).
2. maswavlebeli Txovs moswavleebs individualurad ifiqron paragrafis dasawyisSi
mocemul situaciur amocanaze (5 wuTi).
3. amocanis amoxsnis Sedegad moswavleebi daadgenen, rom savaraudo K wertili, sadac
xidi unda aSendes, aris tolferda ABC samkuTxedis wvero da K wertili mdebareobs
AB monakveTis Suawertilze gamaval marTobze. Semdeg dafaze vxazavT monakveTsa
da mis SuamarTobs, vayalibebT ganmartebas da vamtkicebT SuamarTobis Tvisebas (10
wuTi).
4. vawvdiT Sebrunebuliwinadadebebis magaliTs. vTxovT, damoukideblad moimfiqron
analogiuri magaliTebi da mxolod amis Semdeg ayalibeben ukve damtkicebul
debulebis Sebrunebul debulebas, ris damtkicebasac vTxovT wymilebSi (10 wuTi).
damtkiceba:
P
vTqvaT P wertili Tanabradaa daSorebuli AB monakveTis
boloebidan. gavavloT PK mediana. tolferda samkuTxelis
Tvisebebis Tanaxmad, PK simaRlecaa, saidanac SuamarTobis
ganmartebis Tanaxmad miviRebT, rom PK SuamarTobia. miviReT,
rom P wertili mdebareobs AB monakveTis SuamarTobze.
5. pirdapiri da Sebrunebuli winadadebebis ganxilvisas
imarTeba diskusia: yovelTvis samarTliania Tc ara WeSmariti
winadadebis Sebrunebuli winadadeba. damtkicebis Semdeg
ukve vayalibebT monakveTis SuamarTobis Tvisebas wertilTa
A geometriuli adgiliT (5 wuTi).
K B
6. darCenili 5 wuTi ganvixilavT paragrafSi garCeul amocanas.
24
aqtivobis aRwera
demonstrireba: gakveTilis dasawyisSi dafaze davxazoT kvadrati, romlis gverdi
3 erTeulistolia, xolo am kvadratis mezoblad davxazoT marTkuTxedi, romlis
sigrZe 2 erTeuliT metia kvadratis gverdis sigrZeze, xolo sigane 2 erTeuliT
naklebia kvadratis gverdis sigrZeze. orive figuras mivaweroT maTi zomebi.
SekiTxva mTel klass: vTqvaT es kvadrati gamosaxavs Tqven sakuTar miwis nakveTs da
gTavazoben rom igi gaucvaloT am marTkuTxa miwis nakveTSi. daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara
aseT SemoTavazebaze? cxadia, rom TvalzomiT rTulia imis SemCneva, rom am figurebs
toli perimetri aqvT, aseve rTulia ramis Tqma maTi farTobebis Sesaxeb, amitom
garkveul etapze saWiroa SevTavazoT moswavleebs rom maT gamoTvalon am figurebis
perimetrebi da farTobebi. SekiTxva klass: risi tolia TiToeuli maTganis farTobi?
risi tolia TiToeuli maTganis garSemoweriloba?
kvadratuli formis miwis nakveTis farTobi 9 kvadratuli erTeulis tolia.
marTkuTxa formis miwis nakveTis farTobi 5 kvadratuli erTeulis tolia.
am ori miwis nakveTis garSwemoweriloba erTmaneTis tolia da udris 12 erTeuls.
moswavleebi amCneven rom am konkretrul SemTxvevaSi kvadratis formis miwis
nakveTis farTobi metia marTkuTxedis formis miwis nakveTis farTobze. SevTavazoT
maT rom ganazogadon es faqti, risTvisac saWiro iqneba garkveuli kvleviTi samuSaos
Catareba.
wyvilebSi muSaoba: klasi davyoT wyvilebad da davurigoT winaswar gamzadebuli
cxrili.
farTobis
kvadrati marTkuTxedi
sxvaoba
gverdis
farTobi sigrZe sigane farTobi
sigrZe
3 9 5 1 5 4
4
5
6
7
25
Semdeg ganixileba meore magaliTi, romelSic marTkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebs
Soris sxvaoba sxva ricxvis tolia da vekiTxebiT ariT Tu ara kanonzomiereba
imave tipis. ZiriTadi yuradReba mivaqcioT im faqtis SemCnevas, rom kvadratisa da
marTkuTxedis farTobebis sxvaoba orive SemTxvevaSi mudmivia, Tumca sxvadasxva
ricxvis tolia.
amis Semdeg klass vTavazobT gamoiyenon algebruli teqnika miRebuli kanonzomierebis
dasabuTebisa da ganzogadebisaTvis. msjelobis dasawyisi unda iyos daaxloebiT
aseTi:
vTqvaT kvadratis gverdis sigrZe X–is tolia. risi toli iqneba misi farTobi? (X2)
vTqvaT marTkuTxedis sigrZe 2–iT metia kvadratis gverdis sigrZeze. risi toli unda
iyos am marTkuTxedis sigane Tu gvinda, rom misi perimetri kvadratis perimetris
toli iyos (marTkuTxedis sigrZe iqneba X–2, xolo sigane X–2)?
risi toli iqneba am marTkuTxedis farTobi? ((X-2)(X-2))
moswavleebma unda gaigon Tu cxrilis romeli svetebi Seesabameba algebrul
gamosaxulebebs da SevTavazoT moswavleebs miRebuli gamosaxulebebis Semowmeba:
e.i. mocemuli ricxvebis Casma da cxrilSi gamosaxul sidideebTan Sedareba.
zogierTma moswavlem SeiZleba damoukideblad miiRos igiveoba marTkuTxedis
farTobisaTvis da is rom swored am igiveobiT aixsneba farTobebis sxvaobis
mudmivoba. cxadia, am igiveobis miReba SesaZlebelia wminda algebruli meTodebiT,
magram SevTavazoT moswavleebs geometriuladac daasabuTon igi.
aqtivobis mimioxilva da garTulebuli varianti
algebruli igiveobebis miRebis tradiciuli meTodi gulisxmobs algebruli
operaciebis gamoyenebas. xolo am igiveobebis dakavSireba maTematikis sxva
mimarTulebebTan rogorc wesi ar ganixileba. am aqtivobis mizania erT–erTi
gavrcelebuli algebruli igiveobis geometriuli Sinaarsis warmoCenasa da mis
gamoyenebaze. garda amisa, moswavleTa motivaciis gazrda SesaZlebelia am yovelives
praqtikul amocanebSi gamoyenebis demonstrirebiT. aqtivobis gagrZeleba SeiZleba
optimizaciis martivi amocanis dasmiT: igiveobis gamoyenebiT moswavleebma SeiZleba
TviTon aRmoaCinon is faqti, rom mocemuli perimetris mqone marTkuTxedebs Soris
udidesi farTobi aqvs kvadrats („mocemuli sigrZis Tokis saSualebiT rogor
SemovsazRvroT udidesi farTobis mqone marTkuTxa are?“).
26
I Tavi
1. gameoreba
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. a+b=8
2 =2 =1 8 8
a) b) a+b+ =8+ =9
a+b 8 4 a+b 8
a+b + 4 = 8 + 4 = + 1 = 1
g) 3(a+b)=3·8=24 d) 4 4
2 a+b 2 8 2 2
S=(2a+b)·(2a+c) – bc
7n - 2
4. a) 5n; b) 7+n; g) 2n+3; d)
3n
.
27
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
6. a) 5<2m<10; b) 0<3n+1≤3;
g) 8<x<9; d) 12<2a≤18.
8. moswavle unda mixvdes, rom Cabarebuli rveulebis raodenoba unda iyos luwi.
12. udidesi ricxvi rom miviRoT, Tanrigebi unda aviRoT klebis mixedviT (cxadia, ricx-
vebi aTniSnaa) 9876543210. umciresi _ zrdis mixedviT. pirvel cifrad 0 ar SeiZleba,
e.i. ricxvi iqneba 1023456789.
13. a) ((2(x+1)+10):5+8)·3-6=30
((2(x+1)+10):5+8)·3=36 (ucnobi saklebi)
(2(x+1)+10):5+8=12 (ucnobi Tanamamravli)
(2(x+1)+10):5=4 (ucnobi Sesakrebi)
2(x+1)+10=20 (ucnobi gasayofi)
2(x+1)=10 (ucnobi Sesakrebi)
x+1=5
x=4
b) (((((5x+7):2-1):2)+25):3+4)·5=70
((((5x+7):2-1):2)+25):3+4=14
((((5x+7):2-1):2)+25):3=10
(((5x+7):2-1):2)+25=30
((5x+7):2-1):2=5
(5x+7):2-1=10
(5x+7):2=11
5x+7=22
x=3
14. zogadi wevri 5n+1, CamoTvlili ricxvebidan mimdevrobas ekuTvnis 91; 226 (5-ze
gayofisas naSTSi rCeba 1).
21. am tipis amocanebis gakeTebis dros moswavleebma garda imisa, rom xazi unda gausvan
rom yovel or momdevno samSabaTs Soris 7 dRea, unda icodnen romel TveSi ramdeni
dRea, am amocanisTvis - ivnisSi.
5 samSabaT.
28
22. daStrixulia kvadratis 43 nawili.
23. ricxvi 588 martiv mamravlebad daSlisas gvaZlevs 588=2·2·3·7·7. e.i. saZiebeli ricxvi
arsebobs da ara erTi. davawerinoT moswavleebs ramdenime maTgani, mag.: 22377, 37722 da
a.S. vaCvenoT, rom SesaZlebelia davweroT naturaluri ricxvebi, romelTa cifrebi,
garda aRniSnuli cifrebisa, SeiZleba iyos 6 da 4. davsvaT kiTxvebi: a) kidev SeiZleba
Tu ara raime cifri Sediodes saZiebeli ricxvis CanawerSi, b) ra SemTxvevaSi eqneboda
amocanas uaryofiTi pasuxi.
3, 9 5, 2
25. Takos nayidi kanfetis 1 kg Rirs 1, 5 = 2, 6 . nikas nayidi 2 = 2, 6 . maTi nayidi kan-
fetebi erTi da igive fasisaa.
29. radgan mamam Svilebs gaunawila rveulebi da kalmebi, e.i. ojaxSi 1-ze meti bavSvia,
xolo 40-s da 15-s erTaderTi saerTo mamravli aqvs _ es 5-ia. ojaxSi 5 bavSvia, TiToeuls
8 rveuli da 3 kalami Sexvda.
32. ganvixiloT yvela SesaZlo SemTxveva, jer magaliTebiT, Semdeg daskvna: l+l=l,
l+k=k, k+k=l. e.i. jami kentia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erTi Sesakrebi kentia, meore
ki luwi. aqve SeiZleba ganvixiloT namravlebi: l×l=l; l×k=l; k×k=k.
reziume:
moswavle erTmaneTisgan unda arCevdes terminebs - xarisxi, xarisxis maCvenebeli,
xarisxis fuZe. SeeZlos maTi swori gamoyeneba. SeeZlos (u.s.g)-s da (u.s.j.)-s Cawera
martivi mamravlebis xarisxebis namravlis saxiT, zogierTi naturaluri xarisxebis
gamoTvla. (u.s.g)-s da (u.s.j.)-s gamoyeneba amocanebis amoxsnisas.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
6. S=64m2=640000sm2
7. b) S=6a2 V=a3.
8. a) S1=6(3a)2=9·6a2=9S.
29
11. jer ganvixiloT Sedgenili urTierTmartivi ricxvebis umciresi saerTo jeradi,
magaliTebis safuZvelze moswavleebma unda gaakeTon daskvna: urTierTmartivi ricx-
vebis umciresi saerTo jeradi maTi namravlia.
12. metrebis raodenoba unda iyos rogorc 3-is, ise 5-is jeradi, radgan Cven gvinda
umciresi raodenoba, es iqneba u.s.j, e.i. 3×5=15 metri.
26. radgan 3-ianis nacvlad 9 gadawera, e.i. pasuxs, rac unda mieRo, daemata 6, radgan
aseulebSi 7-iani 1-iT Secvala, pasuxs daaklda 600, aTaseulebSi 6-is nacvlad 5-iani
dawera, e. i. kidev daaklda 1000. e. i. mas swori gamoangariSebis SemTxvevaSi unda mieRo
72438+1000+600-6=74032.
30
27. P=2(2x+12)=4(x+6)
sigrZe x+12
sigane x
perimetri 2(x+x+12)
28. am TveSi aucileblad iqneboda kenti ricxvi 5 xuTSabaTi. es ricxvebia: 2; 9; 16; 23;
30 da, Tu 23 ricxvi xuTSabaTia, 26 iqneba kvira.
31. yvela martivi ricxvi, 2-is garda, kentia, ori kenti ricxvis jami ki luwia. radgan
mocemul ricxvebis jami kentia, e.i. maT Soris erT-erTi 2-ia.
10. x y 2x 3y 2x-3y+4
5 1 10 3 11
2,5 0,1 5 0,3 8,7
7,4 2,8 14,4 8,4 10,4
4 1,5 8 4,6 7,5
6,3 2,5 12,5 7,5 9,1
4. gayofadobis niSnebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos paragrafSi CamoTvlili gayofadobis niSnebis gamoyeneba.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT, gayofis Sesrulebamde imis garkveva, gaiyofa Tu ara mocemuli
ricxvi aRniSnul ricxvebze.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. mivaqcioT yuradReba, rom moswavleebi ar Semoifarglon mxolod TiTo ricxvis povniT.
arsebiTia, rom maT amowuron yvela Sesabamisi SemTxveva Sesabamisi msjelobiT.
31
3. imdenad, ramdenadac pirvel-meoreze gaTvlis dros yvela kent nomerze mdgomi I-ia,
137-ec iqneba pirveli.
4. a) 137=135+2 me-2.
b) 137=3·45+2 me-2.
12. ricxvi iyofa 5-ze da ricxvis CanawerSi mxolod kenti cifrebia, e.i. bolovdeba 5-iT.
radgan gvinda udidesi, cifrebi unda davalagoT udidesidan umciresisken, e.i. 97315.
13. salomem SeamCnia, rom gadasaxdeli Tanxa aucileblad iyofa 4-ze. xolo 19 l da
30 T. _ 4-is jeradi ar aris.
14. a) ricxvi kentia da iyofa 5-ze. e.i. 1*5. es ricxvi rom 9-ze gaiyos *-is nacvlad unda
CavsvaT 3. 135.
b) ricxvi luwia da iyofa 5-ze e.i. 7*0. varskvlavis nacvlad SesaZlebelia mxolod 2. 720.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos ukve naswavli ricxvebis garda, zogierT sxva ricxvze gayo-
fadobis niSnebis dadgena (6-ze; 12-ze; 15-ze; 35-ze da a.S.) dakonkretul amocanebSi
maTi gamoyeneba. naSTiani gayofis dros ricxvis warmodgena (a=bn+z). naSTiani gayofis
SemTxvevaSi jamis da sxvaobis gayofadobis dadgena. didi ricxvebis SemTxvevaSi nam-
ravlis da zogierTi xarisxis bolo cifris dadgena.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. a) 2n+2m=2(n+m); b) 2n+1+2m+1=2(n+m+1); g) 2n+2m+1=2(m+n)+1
32
4. cxadia gaiyofa, I Tvisebis Tanaxmad 18=2·9.
7. a) 288+38+351+953
cxadia iyofa 2-ze l+l+k+k=l.
3-ze ar iyofa, CavataroT Semdegi msjeloba 288 3 351 3, xolo 38 da 953-is cifrTa jami
ar iyofa 3-ze.
5-ze gayofadoba SevamowmoT bolo cifrebis jamiT 8+8+1+3. bolo cifria 0. e.i. 5-ze
iyofa.
7-ze gayofadoba naSTebiT
288=7·41+1
38=7·5+3
351=7·50+1
953=7·133+2
naSTebis jamia 7. e.i. jami 7-ze iyofa.
8. a) 5·105+3·103+2·102+10
ricxvi 0-iT bolovdeba, e.i. iyofa 5-ze da 10-ze.
5+3+2+1 3, e.i. ricxvi 3-ze ar iyofa.
bolo ori cifrisgan Sedgenili ricxvia 10, e.i. 4-ze ar iyofa.
33
12. ipoveT, ra cifriT bolovdeba ricxvi:
(733+29·39)·3-2572
29·39 bolovdeba 1-iT.
733+29·39 bolovdeba 4-iT.
(733+29·39)·3 bolovdeba 2-iT.
2572 bolovdeba 9-iT.
(733+29·39)·3–2572 bolovdeba 3-iT.
13. daamtkiceT, rom 56**7 ricxvi ar SeiZleba iyos romelime naturaluri ricxvis
kvadrati.
naturaluri ricxvis kvadrati SeiZleba bolovdebodes 00-iT (ori nuliT), 1-iT, 4-iT,
25-iT, 6-iT, 9-iT.
14. 42*4* varskvlavebis nacvlad CasviT cifrebi, rom mocemuli ricxvi gaiyos 36-ze
(ix. amocana 4a).
saZiebeli ricxvebia 42840; 42444; 42048; 42948.
o
3
25 = ...5
3 jamis bolo cifri iqneba 3.
22 = ...8
242=...6, e. i. ...3 - .....6= ..... 7. bolo cifria 7.
16. 10a+b=4(a+b)
10a+b=4a+4b
6a=3b da b=2a, e. i. miviReT, rom erTeulebis cifri orjer metia aTeulebis cifrze,
SerCeviT miviRebT, rom es ricxvebia 12; 24; 36; 48.
17. 1+2+3+...+108+109+110=(1+110)+(2+103)+(3+108)+
+... +(55+56)=55·111
111 iyofa 37-ze e. i. jami iyofa 37-ze.
22. 153; 252 ... 450; 459; 558 ... 950; 959. sul 11 ricxvi.
34
23. WeSmaritia b. ricxvi 5-is jeradia.
26. ori erTnairi nayofis mowyvetis Sedegad Cndeba limoni, xolo sxvadasxva nayofis
Sedegi _ vaSlia, amitom vaSlebis raodenoba an mcirdeba luwi ricxviT, an igive rCeba,
radgan vaSlebi raodenobrivad kentia, e.i. bolo nayofi yvela SemTxvevaSi iqneba vaSli.
30. 24 = 12 nawili.
2 I =3
31. I-x II -
3
x
II 2
1. a89b: 6 = 3ab
cxadia, pirveli cifri a=1 (winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ganayofSi pirvel cifrad 3-s ver
miviRebT. 189b: 6 = 31b . 3b: 6 = b e.i. b=6.
2a+b=2·1+6=9 pasuxia a.
2. g.
3. 79 xarisxis bolo cifris gamosaangariSeblad:
71=7
72 bolo cifria 9 74k bolo cifria 1
73 bolo cifria 3 74k+1 bolo cifria 7
7 bolo cifria 1
4
74k+2 bolo cifria 9
75 bolo cifria 7 74k+3 bolo cifria 3
7 =7
9 8+1
a) bolo cifria 7
35
4. naSTi movZeboT rogorc cifrTa jamis 9-ze gayofis naSTi 47-is 9-ze gayofis naSTi
d) 2.
6. a=8m+5
b=8n+4 a+b=8(m+n)+8+1 b) 1.
7. a=9m+7
3a=27m+21=27m+18+3 b) 3.
8. radgan SavSAi ukve wiTeli burTulaa, dagvrCa TeTri da Savi burTula. TeTri TeTr
yuTSi ver iqneba, e.i. TeTri wiTelSia.
10. b.
6. simravle
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos aRweriT mocemuli simravlis Cawera elementebis saxiT da
piriqiT, elementebis mixedviT simravlis aRwera-daxasiaTeba. ricxviTi simravleebis
codna da maTi Cawera. ∈; ∉ simboloebis Sesabamisad gamoyeneba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
3. orniSna ricxvebi, romlebic iyofa 25-ze aris 25; 50; 75. amdenad amocanis pasuxia
27; 52; 77}.
36
9. am SemTxvevaSi, radgan droSebi gvWirdeba dasawyis-
Sic da boloSic, igive Sesabamisobis Cvenebis dros,
rac wina amocanaSia, vxedavT, rom yovel monakveTs
Seesabameba droSa, xolo erTi droSa (pirveli) rCeba
Sesabamisi monakveTis gareSe. e. i. gvWirdeba 100+1=101 droSa.
31-3
32-9 34n=...1
33-27 34n+1=...3
34-81 34n+2=...9 39=38+1
35-243 34n+3=...7 bolovdeba 3-iT.
12. 264 2
132 2
66 2 e.i. ar arsebobs
33 3
11 11
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos sxvadasxva simravleebidan toli simravleebis gamoyofa.
mocemuli simravlis qvesimravleebis CamoTvla. eileris wreebiT simravleebs Soris
damokidebulebis Cveneba da piriqiT sqematurad mocemuli simravleebisTvis maT Soris
damokidebulebis gansazRvra (romeli romlis qvesimravlea).
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. arsebobs Tu ara simravle, romelsac aqvs:
a) mxolod erTi qvesimravle.
radgan nebismier aracariel simravles aqvs ori qvesimravle mainc _ carieli simravle
da TviT es simravle, aseTi simravle aris mxolod carieli simravle Ø⊂Ø.
b) mxolod ori qvesimravle.
aseTi simravlea nebismieri erTelementiani simravle.
g) mxolod sami qvesimravle.
aseTi simravle ar arsebobs. amaSi dasarwmuneblad, meSvideklaselebs savsebiT sakmarisia
vaCvenoT, rom erTelementian simravles ori qvesimravle aqvs, xolo orelementians
ukve _ 4.
37
4. amocana gamodgeba jgufuri muSaobisaTvis. moswavleebi xalisiT Seasruleben das-
mul amocanas, SefasebisTvis SeiZleba movifiqroT Tundac aseTi sistema: TiToeul
sityvaze moswavles davuweroT imdeni qula, ramdeni asosganac Sedgeba sityva.
12. 10000-9999=1.
13. 15.12+14=194.
14.
I xerxi: 7·3+6·3+5·3+7·3+4·3 kviris ganmavlobaSi aRebuli Tanxa gamoviTvaloT, rogorc
kviris ganmavlobaSi yoveldRiurad aRebul TanxaTa jami.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. M∩K=C, sadac C aris 6-is jerad ricxvTa simravle.
3. moswavleebma ician, rom Tu ori gansxvavebuli wrfe ikveTeba, maT erTaderTi saer-
To wertili aqvT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, isini paralelurebi arian da Sesabamisad
TanakveTis simravle iqneba carieli simravle.
10. A∩B={1;64}.
11. qeTis varaudi SeiZleba gamarTldes da SeiZleba ara imdenad, ramdenac wvimis wina
dRes kata aucileblad axvelebs, magram ara mxolod maSin.
38
12. A - ASavi feris mqone Citebi Savi Citebi
B
B - yvavebi A
yvavebi =
C - Citebi, romlebmac ician frena. = frenis mcodne
B=C B Citebi
13. giam mexuTe sarTulze asasvlelad aiara 4 sarTuli. orjer meti safexuri rom
aiaros, daTom kidev unda aiaros Semdegi 4 sarTuli. Sesabamisad, daTo unda avides
mecxre sarTulze.
3. a) WeSmaritia; b) mcdaria;
g) mcdaria; d) WeSmaritia.
5. 32527·32324-32528·32323=32527(32323+1)-(32527+1)32323=32527·32323+32527-32527·32323-
32323=32527-32323=204.
6. 2-is, 3-is, 11-is u. s. j. aris 66. amitom aseTi ricxvi iqneba 67.
7. 4+7a=4+4a+3a=4(1+a)+3a. Cven viciT, rom a+1 iyofa 3-ze, 3a-c iyofa 3-ze, e. i. maTi jami
3-is jeradia.
1
13. 2 gamosaxuleba ar SeiZleba iyos erTze meti, imitom, rom x +1 gamosaxulebis
2
1+x
umciresi mniSvnelobaa 1, (roca x=0).
16. a) 20+9x.
b) unda amovxsnaT gantoleba 20+9x=200, saidanac x=20.
39
21. x+2x+3x=222.
x=37
22.
I - x II - 2x III - 4x
7x = 111111
x =5873
o
5
235 $ 3 = ...5
- sxvaobis bolo cifri iqneba 0.
25 $ 17 = ...5
b) 510=...5 (5-is nebismieri xarisxi 5-iT bolovdeba).
31.510=...5 sxvaobis bolo cifria 4.
63.97=...1
g) 482=...4 sxvaobis bolo cifria 0.
322=...4
d) 273=...3
57.32=...4 sxvaobis bolo cifria 9.
25. 356 2-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 2-s, e.i. masze naklebi udidesi aseTi ricxvi
iqneba 356-3=353.
26. sami gamyofi SeiZleba qondes mxolod martivi ricxvis kvadrats. udidesi orniSna
iqneba 72=49.
40
A
moswavleTa raodenoba, romlebic swavloben an ingli-
surs an rusuls, tolia 1000-100=900.
I R
sqemidan moswavleebi iolad dainaxaven, rom C simravlis
elementTa raodenoba tolia (640+550)-900=1190-900=290.
R
32. R - me-7 klaselebis simravle; A A - mxolod curvaze,
elementTa raodenoba 220; B - mxolod fexburTze, el-
A C B
ementTa raodenoba 150; C - oriveze, elementTa raode-
noba x.
36. a ⊕ b =3a-4b
a) 5 ⊕ 3=3.5-4.3=3; b) 10 ⊕ 7=3.10-4.7=2; g) 8 ⊕ 1=8.3-4.1=20;
d) 7 ⊕ 5=7.3-4.5=1; e) 3 ⊕ 2=3.3-4.2=1.
43. a) 15·11+6·11=11(15+6)=11·21.
21 iyofa 7-ze, e.i. jami iyofa 7-ze.
b) 38·13+14·13=13(38+14)=13·52 4
sakontrolo wera №1
1. 3a-2b cvladiani gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, roca a=5 da b=3 tolia:
a) 9; b) 10; g) 11; d) 21.
41
4. 144-isa da 162-is umciresi saerTo jeradia:
a) 288; b) 324; g) 2592; d) 1296.
6. ra cifri unda CavsvaT *-is nacvlad, rom miRebuli ricxvi gaiyos 9-ze?:
a) 6; b) 7; g) 8; d) 9.
9. gamoTvaleT: `4 87 + 6 14 : 3 18 j $ 2
5
II Tavi
1. geometriuli figurebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos dadgena, Tu ra urTierTmdebareoba SeiZleba qondes werti-
lebsa da wrfeebs. wrfis ZiriTadi Tvisebis (or wertilze gamavali wrfis Sesaxeb) gaaz-
rebuli codnis gaTvaliswinebiT ramodenime wertilze gamavali wrfeebs raodenobis
daTvla (paragrafSi garCeuli amocanebi)
42
4. 6 wrfe.
arc erTi sami wertili erT wrfeze ar mdebareobs.
5. B
A F
a
M
6. amocanisTvis SeiZleba SevadginoT maTematikuri modeli. bavSvebi warmovidginoT
rogorc sibrtyis wertilebi, romelTagan arc erTi erT wrfeze ar mdebareobs. ram-
deni wrfis gavleba SeiZleba:
a) 4 wertilze; b) 7 wertilze; Gg) n wertilze.
amoxsna:
4$3 = 7$6 =
a) 6 ; b) 21 ;
2 2
g) TiToeul wertilze (bavSvi) SeiZleba gaivlos (dawyvildes) (n-1) wrfe, e.i. sul n(n-1).
n (n - 1)
magram radgan AB da BA wrfe erTi da igivea, sul gaivleba wrfe.
2
9. 60k=22·3·5·k k=2·32·52=450
10. yovel gaWraze furclebis raodenobas emateba 4 furceli, e.i. nebismier etapze
raodenoba unda iyos 5+4k tipis ricxvi, sadac k∉N.
3. wrfeebis urTierTmdebareoba
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos paralelurobis, rogorc terminis gamoyeneba cxovrebaSi
(paraleluri quCebi, mavTulebi da a.S.) wrfis gareT mdebare wertilidan am wrfis
mimarT paraleluri wrfis gavleba, unda icodes, rom aseTi wrfe erTaderTia. unda
SeZlos ori saxazavis saSualebiT paraleluri wrfeebis gavleba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. ikveTeba, cxadia A wertilSi.
3. a) b)
43
g) d)
4. a) 1 wertili b) 3 wertili
.D
5. I SemTxveva
wrfis gareT aRebul wertilebze gamaval wrfeze ar Zevs
arc erTi wrfeze aRebuli wertilebidan CA; CB; DA; DB;
C .
DC; AB. sul eqvsi wrfe.
.D .A B
.
C . II SemTxveva
wrfis fareT aRebul wertilebze gamaval wrfeze mde-
bareobs erT-erTi wrfeze aRebuli wertilebidan CA; CB;
7. a=4n+3
4n+3=4n+2+1=2(2n+1)+1 2-ze gayofis naSTia 1.
9. 5x+10y+20z=100.
z-is SesaZlebeli udidesi mniSvnelobaa 4. darCeba x+2y=4, saidanac y-is udide-
si mniSvnelobaa: y=1. e.i. x=2; y=1; z=4
11. dinebis mimarTulebiT navis siCqarea 12+3=15 km/sT. 90 km-is gavlas navi moandomebs
90 =
6 sT-s.
15
44
4. sxivi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mocemuli sxivis wakiTxva, saTavis dasaxeleba, am sxivis dam-
atebiTi sxivis ageba. erT wrfeze mdebare sami wertilidan imis garkveva, Tu romeli
mdebareobs danarCen ors Soris.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
8. davsvaT kiTxvebi: ramdeni bavSvi rCeba ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi asarCevad? ramde-
nia asarCevi? vRebulobT, rom unda dawyvildes 9 bavSvi. wina paragrafebSi amoxsnili
9$8 =
amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT, variantebis raodenobaa 36
2
9. 364*
davsvaT Sesabamisi kiTxvebi, rom pasuxebi pasuxebi miviRoT Semdegiy: ricxvi rom 45-ze
gaiyos unda iyofodes 5-ze da 9-ze, e.i. varskvlavis nacvlad unda iyos 0 an 5 ise, rom
cifrTa jami gaiyos 9-ze. aseT cifrad gamodgeba mxolod 5.
11. AA=(10a+b)(10m+n)
B=(10b+a)(10n+m)
A-B gamartivebis Sedegad vRebulobT 99am-99bn=99(am-bn).
5. monakveTi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos monakveTis Cawera misi boloebiT. toli monakveTebis moniSvna.
wrfeze sami wertiliT miRebuli monakveTebisTvis oris sigrZis mocemulobiT mesames
sigrZis povna.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. g) 11-x.
2. a) MB=AB-AM; b) AB=AM+MB.
A B MC + CN =
3. AB=AC+CB=
2 2
2, 5
M C N
4.
5,9sm
a) 0,7dm MK=MN+NK
M N
K MK=5,9+7=12,9 sm.
b) MK=NK-MN=1,1 sm.
K M N
45
M N
5. A C D B
AC + BD AC + BD AB - CD AB + CD
MN=MC+CD+DN=CD+ =CD+ =CD+ = =56,5
2 2 2 2 2
A B
10. x Dx C 2x
AB = 4x = DB = 3x = 3
a) 4 ; b) 3 ; g) ; d) 2:3.
CD x AD x 4
C D
b)
A B BD=0,4
A D B
12. 2*84* 36
ricxvi rom 36-ze gaiyos, is unda iyofodes 4-ze da 9-ze. 4-ze gayofisTvis bolo cifri
unda iyos 0; 4 an 8. samive SemTxvevisaTvis CavsvaT pirveli varskvlavis nacvlad cifri
ise, rom cifrTa jami gaiyos 9-ze.
24840; 20844 an 29844; 25848
13. vTqvaT, xes qonda x toti, orive pirobis gaTvaliswinebiT iwereba gantoleba
7x+2=8(x-1), saidanac x=10.
10 toti 72 Citi
× 385
4120
7700
+ 385
14. 1540
1586200
46
15. a) yvela meSvideklaseli wiTuria; b) yvela meSvideklaseli warCinebulia;
g) arc erTi meSvideklaseli ar aris wiTuri; d) simravle wiTuri warCinebuli meSvidek-
laselebisa.
16. vTqvaT, es ricxvebia a da b, maSin a=8k, b=8p, xolo 8kp=40 ⇒ kp=5, e.i. k=1 da p=5 an k=5
da p=1. saZiebeli ricxvebia 8 da 40.
a c + c j+ 3ac +
a) 2` $ a$ 2ab + 2bc = 2ab + 2bc ; b) 2(ab+ac+bc); g) 2(ab+ac+bc)
2 2 2 2
6. naxevarsibrtye
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mocemuli wrfiT (cxovrebiseuli situacia _ mdinare, quCa
da a.S.). miRebuli naxevarsibrtyeebis gansazRvra. imis dadgena, Tu ramden nawilad
iyofa sibrtye ama Tu im figuriT. wertilis mdebareobis gansazRvra mocemul nax-
evarsibrtyeebSi.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
3. 1
a) 4 nawilad; 2
b) 1 6 nawilad
2
3 6
3 4 5
4
2 2
3 1
g) 6 nawilad; 3 1
d) 7 nawilad
7
4 6 4 6
5 5
47
7. kuTxe
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos kuTxis wakiTxva erTi an sami asoTi. mocemuli kuTxisTvis misi
Siga wertilebis dafiqsireba. imis gansazRvra, mocemuli kuTxis wverodan gamavali
sxivi gadis Tu ara kuTxis gverdebs Soris. gaSlili kuTxis ganmarteba da daxazva.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
3. M wertili mdebareobs K da N wertilebs Soris, e.i. OM gadis KON kuTxis gverdebs
Soris.
8. 6 cxriani 1000000-1=999999.
10. mgzavrobis droa 210 wT=3sT 30 wT; matarebeli xaSurSi Cava 13 sT-ze.
8. kuTxis gazomva
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos transportiris gamoyeneba kuTxeebis gasazomad. paragrafSi
mocemuli debulebis samarTlianobis praqtikuli Semowmeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
5. a) ∠AOM=∠AOB-∠MOB=24°; b) ∠AAOM=27°21′-12°31′= 26°81′-12°31′= 14°50′.
7. orniSna ricxvebis raodenoba, romlis erTeulis cifria 5, aris cxra (15: 25... 95),
xolo ricxvebi, romlis aTeulis cifria 5, aris aTi (50; 51... 59). am ricxvebs ricxvi 55
saerTo aqvT, e.i. ricxvebis raodenobaa 18.
48
50 53
10. 93 an 90 A+B+C+D=13
143 143
9. kuTxis biseqtrisa
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos transportiris gareSe imis dadgena, mocemuli kuTxe maxvilia,
marTi Tu blagvi. transportiris saSualebiT kuTxis or tol nawilad gayofa.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. ∠MON≤90°.
D
5. a) 2x<60°
C
x ∠BOD=3x<90°.
x
O 2x
9. 7x+2x+7x+2x=180°. x=10°.
10. a×9=111111111
a×36=a×9×4=444444444
mivuTiToT moswavlebs, rom a-s gamoTvla zedmetia.
12. gvirilis Teslebis ver iqneba yuTebSi warweriT `yvavili~ da `gvirila~ e.i. isini
yuTSia warweriT `kitri~. zambaxis Teslebi iqneba yuTSi `gvirila~ (yuTSi `yvavili~
ver iqneba) da kitris Teslebi yuTSi `yvavili~.
13. Cafiqrebuli ricxvi ar aris 2, e.i. is kentia. e.i. luka lizis eubneba (x+5)-s, cxadia,
x+5 = x+5
is luwia 36 . e.i. lizis mier ninisTvis micemuli ricxvia . ganvixiloT
4 2
x+5 + =
orive SemTxveva. a) Tu luwia , saidanac x=139. b) Tu kentia 5 36 , saidanac 119,
4
romelic ar aris martivi, e.i. x=139.
49
Seamowme Seni codna
3. a) blagvia; b) blagvia.
4. a) blagvia; b) maxvilia.
5. a) blagvia; b) blagvia.
6. a) blagvia; b) maxvilia.
7. a) mcdaria; b) mcdaria.
C
8. a) C
OA; OB; OC; b) OA; OB; OC
A O B
A O B
A
A
A
B
9. a) oTxi b) sami
A O
B O C C
x 2x
10. a) WeSmaritia; b) mcdaria.
A B C
11. a) da b) SemTxvevaSi BC edidesi monakveTia, e.i. A mdebareobs B da C wertilebs Soris.
12. 20 sm; 13. 56. 14. maxvili. 15. 114°. 16. 70°. 17. 117°30′.
50
10. mosazRvre kuTxeebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda icodes mosazRvre kuTxeebis ganmarteba da unda SeZlos mocemuli
kuTxis mosazRvre kuTxis povna. dadgena imisa, Tu rogoria maxvili, blagvi, marTi
kuTxeebis mosazRvre kuTxeebi.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. toli kuTxeebis mosazRvre kuxTeebis tolia.
3. WeSmaritia.
2x - y
9. naxazidan 2y=90° e.i. y=45° da 3x=90° e.i. x=30°. = 15 = 1
x+y 75 5
reziume:
moswavlem unda icodes vertikaluri kuTxeebis ganmarteba da unda SeZlos mocemuli
kuTxis vertikaluri kuTxis ageba,misi mniSvnelobis dasaxeleba, imis gansazRvra, Tu
risi tolia mocemuli kuTxis mosazRvre kuTxis vertikaluri kuTxe da a.S.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. 7x–3x=72°
x=18°, e.i. ∠AOC=126°, ∠COB=54°
51
∠AOC+∠COB=126°+54°=180° da maT OC gverdi saerTo aqvT. amave dros OC gadis AOBB
kuTxis gverdebs Soris.
-
5. naxazidan Cans, rom ∠MOD=∠CON=∠NOB= 180c 2 20c =80°.
1
8. samma Taxvma 12 dReSi aaSena jebiri, e.i. 1 Taxvi 1 dReSi akeTebs mTeli jebiris 36
4 =1
nawils, oTx dReSi nawils. mTeli jebiris asaSeneblad saWiroa 9 Taxvi, e.i. dasax-
36 9
mareblad saWiroa 6 Taxvi.
9. WeSmaritia d) winadadeba.
198
10. sqema periodulia, ganmeoreba iwyeba 6-is jeradi ricxvebi- 199
dan 197=6.32+5, anu 197-dan 200-mde texils eqneba Semdegi saxe.
197 200
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos or
����������������������������������������������������������
wrfes Soris kuTxis gansazRvra, marTkuTxa saxazavis meS-
veobiT mocemuli wrfis wertilidan misdami marTobis aRmarTva da sibrtyis mocemuli
wertilidan wrfisadmi marTobis daSveba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. 90°-iani kuTxis vertikaluri da mosazRvre kuTxeebi 90°-ia.
52
6. (180°–130°)·2=100°.
7. a=6m+2 da b=6n+3
(...1)2=...1 (...7)2=....9
(...2)2=...4 (...8)2=....4
(...3)2=...9 (...9)2=....1
(...4)2=...6 (....0)2=...00
(...5)2=...25
(...6)2=....6
11. ricxvi unda iyos luwi da iyofodes 3-ze, rom miviRoT udidesi, x-is nacvlad unda
davsvaT udidesi cifri da Sesabamisad ganvsazRvroT y. x=y; y=6.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos �������������������������������������������������������������
martivi da Sekruli texilebis garCeva, misi mdgenelebis dasax-
eleba. texilis sigrZis gamoTvla, Sekruli texilebidan amozneqili mravalkuTxedebis
amocnoba, misi elementebis dasaxeleba. samkuTxedebis klasifikacia misi gverdebis da
kuTxeebis mixedviT, Sesabamisi naxazebis Sesruleba, perimetrebis gamoTvla.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. l=8+9+10+11=38
2. a = 50
5
=10m.
53
9. 2
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos sxvadasxva saxis samkuTxedebSi (maxvilkuTxa, blagvkuTxa da
marTkuTxa) simaRleebis gatareba. transportiris da saxazavis saSualebiT medi-
anebisa da biseqtrisebis gavleba. praqtikulad Semowmeba imisa, rom samive simaRle
erT wertilSi ikveTeba, analogiurad, samive mediana da samive biseqtrisa. Sesabamisi
maTematikuri Canawerebis Sesruleba amocanebis pirobebis Caweris da amoxsnis msvl-
elobis dros.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
4. PABC=2AK+2BM+2AN=13sm.
5. (PABD=21)⇒AD=6, e.i., AC=12 da PABC=30.
8. 5α+α=180°.
9. vertikalur kuTxeebs erTi da igive mosazRvre kuTxe
aqvT, e.i. saZiebeli kuTxea 120°. 16-9 9 12-9
15. wrewiri
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos wrewiris da wris, rogorc geometriuli figurebis gansazRvra, maTi
erTmaneTisgan garCeva, damokidebuleba erTsa da imave wrewiris radiusisa da diametris sigrZee-
bs Soris (diametri ori radiusia), damokidebuleba centridan wrewiris Siga, gare da wrewiris
wertilebamde manZilebs Soris. centraluri kuTxis gazomva. damokidebulebis gansazRvra
centraluri kuTxis da Sesabamisi rkalis gradusul zomebs Soris.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
3. O M MB=5sm
A B
AM=29sm
10x+250–5x=350
5x=100 x=20
8. 6 monakveTi.
10. P=40+70+150+25+60=345 m.
12.
a) AB>AC; am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia wertilTa mxolod Semdegi ganlageba BAC da ACB;
b) A mdebareobs B da C wertilebs Soris.
55
14. ar SeiZleba _ Tu A, B da C wertilebi erT wrfeze mdebareoben, maSin udidesis
sigrZe danarCenebis jamis tolia.
O
B K B
20. kuTxis mosazRvre kuTxeebi tolia, amitom TiToeuli maTgani 50°-ia, e.i. mocemuli
kuTxe 130°-ia.
23. biseqtrisebs Soris kuTxe tolia mocemuli mosazRvre kuTxeebis naxevrebis jamis.
e.i. 90°-ia.
2. ar SeiZleba
E F
3.
M A C K
56
AM=43sm AC=CK
-
AC=CK= 85 2 43 = 21
MK=85 sm
MA CK = MA + 2AC + KC = 43 + 63 =
EF= +AC+ 53
2 2 2 2
4. SevadginoT naxazi.
5. BC=AC-AB A C D B
EF=DF-DE
7. a) ar SeiZleba 2·95°>180°;
b) SeiZleba ∠AOB=160°;
sakontrolo wera №2
1. A, B da C wertilebi erT wrfeze mdebareoben. Tu AB=5,1sm, AC=3,2sm, maSin BC=
a) 8,3sm; b) 2,8sm; g) 8,3sm an 1,9sm; d) 1,9sm.
6. Tu samkuTxedis ori gverdis sigrZea 7sm da 12sm, p=28sm, maSin mesame gverdis sigrZea:
a) 6sm; b) 8sm; g) 9sm; d) 12sm.
57
III Tavi
am TavSi gaecnobiT:
miznebi:
gaecnon monacemTa mopovebis sxvadasxva xerxebs, ganasxvaon erTmaneTisagan Tvisobrivi
da raodenobrivi monacemebi.
SeZlon mogrovebuli monacemebis cxrilis an romelime saxis diagramis Sedgena da
piriqiT mocemuli cxrilis an diagramis saSualebiT SeZlon monacemebis amokreba da
mocemul processa Tu realur viTarebaze warmodgenis Seqmna, gaanalizeba da saWiroe-
bis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi daskvnis gamotana.
gaecnon procents, mis farTo gamoyenebas cxovrebaSi.
SeZlon konkretuli amocanisTvis ricxvis procentis, an procentis mixedviT ricxvis
povna.
SeZlon daadginon erTi ricxvi meoris ramdeni procentia.
gaecnon proporcias, proporciul sidideebs. realur viTarebaSi daadginon sidideebs
Soris arsebuli pirdapirproporciuli an ukuproporciuli damokidebuleba.
SeZlon mocemuli sididis dayofa proporciul nawilebad.
1. monacemebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos raime faqtis an movlenis Sesabamisi monacemebis mogroveba.
monacemTa Sekrebis sxvadasxva xerxebis gamoyeneba (gamokiTxva, gazomva, dakvirveba).
Tvisobrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva da Sesabamisi daskv-
nis gamotana.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
7. 7-ze naSTiani gayofisas udidesi naSTia 6. e.i. saZiebeli ricxvia 7·9+6=69.
58
x=4 BC=12 m.
b) 5x+3x=16 AC=10 dm.
x=2 BC=6 m.
2. cxrilebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos raime faqtis an movlenis Sesabamisi cxrilis an diagramis
(wertilovani, svetovani) Sedgena. mocemuli cxrilis an diagramis mixedviT
monacemTa, monacemebis mixedviT sixSirisa da fardobiTi sixSiris dadgena.
Sesabamisi daskvnis gakeTeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
8. 2x=90° x=45°.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos monacemebis gamosaxva wriuli diagramiT an piktogramiT.
piriqiT - mocemuli wriuli diagramis an piktogramis „wakiTxva“. maTgan monacemTa
amokreba da Sesabamisi daskvnis gakeTeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
30 = 1 60 = 1
5. a) 360 12
naw. ; b)
360 6
naw.
59
4. monacemTa saSualo, moda, mediana
reziume:
moswavlem unda icodes monacemTa ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi da unda SeZlos
monacemebis mixedviT Sedgenili cxrilebidan maTi dadgena, erTmaneTTan Sedareba
da Sesabamisi daskvnis gakeTeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. 28; 60; 60; 80; 400.
moda — 60 diapazoni — 375
mediana — 60 saSualo — 125,6 lari
a) Tu erT-erTi Svilis xelfasi 400-is nacvlad gaxdeba 800, maSin Seicvleba diapazoni
da saSualo;
b) igive moxdeba, Tu 400-is nacvlad iqneba 100.
100 # 30 + 60 # 45 + 5 # 5 + 25 # 20 + 40 # 50
. 55 ;
150
g)
40
wliani xeebi
120°
20° 2 wliani
60 108° 72°
wliani 48° 100
wliani
25
wliani
11. monacemebi zrdis mixedviTaa dalagebuli.
a) mediana –38; b) saSualo ≈39;
g) moda – 30; d) mediana igive darCeba, saSualo gaxdeba 36 weli.
13. udidesi samniSna ricxvi, romelic 7-ze unaSTod iyofa, aris 994, e.i. udidesi samniSna
7n+3 saxis ricxvi iqneba 997.
60
5. procenti
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos nebismieri ricxvis procentis saxiT Cawera da piriqiT, procen-
tis praqtikaSi miRebuli formiT gaazreba. mocemuli ricxvis garkveuli procentis
povna da imis dadgena, Tu erTi ricxvi meore ricxvis ramdeni procentia.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
6. a) 1 TeTri aris laris 1%.
b) 1%.
g) 0,1%.
d) 0,5%.
50 # 80 = 8 # 80 =
10. a)
100
40 t; b)
100
6, 8 t;
60 # 80 = 20 # 80 =
g) 48 t; d) 16 t;
100 100
13.
Tmis feri sixSire fardobiTi sixSire fardobiTi sixSire %
1
qeraTmiani 4 6 17%
5
wablisferTmiani 10 12 42&
SavTmiani 8 1 33%
3
wiTuri 2 1 8%
12
sul 24
61
14. mTeli gzis 40% 80 km-ia dasagebi darCa 60%, e.i. darCa dasagebia 120 km.
360612 # 49, 4
15. wynari okeane 49,4% 100
= 177142, 32 aT. kv. km.
360612 # 25, 3
atlantis okeane 25,3% = 91234, 836 aT. kv. km.
100
360612 # 21, 2
indoeTis okeane 21,2% = 76449, 744 aT. kv. km.
100
360612 # 14, 1
CrdiloeT yinulovani okeane 14,1% = 50846, 292 aT. kv. km.
100
500 # 6, 5 700 # 4, 5
21. 100
= 32, 5 ;
100
= 31, 5 .
$ 125 =
23. 76100 95 .
x-y x =1 2x = 2 = 1
25. x
= 6 , saidanac , xolo .
x-y 6 x-y 6 3
27. 5x-2.
28. 33·5+(a+b+c)=27·8
a+b+c=51 saSualo 17-is tolia.
reziume:
a#n =
moswavles unda esmodes formulaSi b TiToeuli komponentis azri da Sesabamis
100
amocanebSi unda icodes, rogor ipovos erT-erTi, an a an b, roca meore da procentebis
raodenoba mocemulia, kerZod, ricxvi misi mocemuli procentis mixedviT.
62
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
#
3. klasSi 2 8100 = 25 moswavlea.
#
4. avtomobilSi darCa 25% benzini, e.i. sul iyo 15 25100 = 60 l.
#
7. α= 24 40100 = 60c .
#
8. 28 20100 = 140 km .
11. macivris fasis 70% 1400 laria. e.i. macivari Rirda 140070$ 100 =2000 lari.
1, 4 $ 100
12. 140% aris 1,4l. gaZvirebamde — 140
=1 lari.
# # 16
13. a) x-is 16% aris 60 kg. x= 60 16100 = 375 ; b) 1000
100
= 160 kg.
16. samive SemTxvevaSi ricxvi 50-ze iyofa, *-is nacvlad unda CavsvaT cifri, rom cifrTa
jami 9-is jeradi iyos.
a) 1800; b) 2835; g) 5535.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mocemul a da b ricxvebisTvis imis dadgena, Tu b ricxvi a-s
ramdeni procentia da piriqiT. koncentraciebze elementaruli amocanebis amoxsna.
unda qondes gaazrebuli praqtikaSi procentis gamoyenebis farTo mniSvneloba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
9 # 100%
3. 9 gogona 24 moswavlisaTvis =37,5%. 15 vaJi — 100%–37,5%=62,5%.
24
# 100%
4. zodis wona — 40 kg-ia; tyvia — 6 40 = 15% ; spilenZi — 100%–15%=85%.
160 = 8 $ 100% =
5. S=1,6dm2=160sm2. marTkuTxedis sigrZe
8
20
20
40% .
63
2 = 2 1 3 =
6. a) 50%; b) 25%; g)
5
40% ; d) = 33% ; e) = 33% ;
6 3
v)
8
37, 5% .
# 100%
7. 45 180 = 25% .
8. a) a = 53 b = 100
60
b ; a aris b-s 60%. b) b =
5
3
a . 167%a ; b aris a-s 167%.
14. $ 26 27 28 29 48 49 1
; ; ; ; ... ; . . or nebismier momdevno wevrs Soris sxvaoba -is tolia.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
+ + + + 12 + 8 + 10 =
3. 1 3 75 10 19 = 8 3
10 B
4. x=35 y=32 A
5. mediana — 7
diapazoni — 12-1=1 B
7. b. 8. g.
10. g) 14 .
8. proporcia
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos proporciis wevrebis dasaxeleba (Sua, kidura), proporciis
ucnobis wevrebis moZebna. dasmuli amocanis Sesabamisi proporciis dawera da pasuxamde
miyvana, Tu proporciaSi wevrebi wiladebia, maTi naturalur ricxvebamde miyvana.
64
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
AC = 3
1. g) .
BC 2
6. a)
I piqtogramiT Cans, rom 1 manqanis gamosaxuleba 4 gayidul manqanas gulisxmobs (16
gayiduli opeli aRniSnulia 4 manqaniT), e.i. folcvagenis markis manqana gayidulia
3×4=12 cali.
16 = x
II SevadginoT proporcia , saidanac x=12.
4 3
b) (6–5)×4=4; g) (4+3+6+5)×4=18×4=72.
7. AM
BM
= 2 , e.i. 8 = 2 , saidanac MB=28, e.i. AB=36.
7 MB 7
8. EK
EF
= 3 , e.i. 21 = 3 , EF=56, e.i. FK=56–21=35.
8 EF 8
21 + 35 =
Suawertilebs Soris manZili toli iqneba 28 .
2 2
144 + a + b = a+b =
16 , e.i. a+b=32; 16 .
11 2
$ 20 = 6b
10. a=b+ b100 5
5a
6
a
, e.i. b= =a–
6
100
6
%-iT.
4 $ 100%
11. a = 4b ; b 5b
a+b=b+ = . e.i. Cven gvainteresebs
4 4
5b
4
-is ramdeni %-ia b. n=
5
=80%.
+
14. 2n n 3 = 2 + 3n ricxvi mTelia, Tu n 3-is gamyofia, e.i. n=1; 3.
9. proporciuli sidideebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos pirdapirproporciuli sidideebis ganmarteba. realur
cxovrebaSi pirdapirproporciuli sidideebis dafiqsireba. maTi Tvisebebis
gamoyeneba Sesabamisi problemebis gadawyveta.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
65
7. cxrilis Tanaxmad, 37 — 100
60 # 100 =
60 — x x= 162 .
37
y
9. 25 = 15 , y=5.
150 = 108, 4
10. 58 = 250
x
, x=400gr.=0,4kg. 11. 5000 x
, x≈3613gr.
12. 23×5=115km.
14. im rukis mixedviT, romelzec 1:600000 masDStabia, vgebulobT, rom manZili Tbilisi-
dan yazbegamde 17,5×6=105 km-is tolia. rukaze, romlis masStabi 1:500000-ia, es manZili
105 =
21 sm-iT gamoisaxeba.
5
$ 100 =
22. 41 t navTi mTeli cisternis 82%-ia, e.i. cisterna itevs 4182 50 t. navTs.
24. y=5-2x. Tu x=1, maSin y=3; Tu x=2, maSin y=1 gantolebas meti naturaluri amonaxseni
ar aqvs.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul cxovrebaSi sxvadasxva sidideebis — farTobis,
Tanxis, garkveuli samuSaos, produqtis da a.S. mocemuli ricxvebis proporciul
nawilebad dayofa. monacemebis mixedviT Sesabamisi wriuli diagramis Sedgena.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. 7x+4x=572, saidanac x=52l. 2. x+8x=189, saidanac x=21.
21; 168
66
4. rioni — 300 km; enguri — 300 km; cxeniswyali — 165 km; aragvi — 105 km; alazani — 240 km.
6. 3x+4x+13x=4; 20x=4; x=0,2. nikeli — 0,6 kg; TuTia — 0,8 kg; spilenZi — 2,6 kg;
metroTi
13. =1 metroTi mosiaruleebi — x; avtobusiT — 3x.
avtobusiT 3
avtobusiT
=2 e.i.
3x = 2
fexiT
15
x
fexiT 5 fexiT 5 2
+ + + + +
18. 40 50 60 6 50 60 40 = 50 .
19. Tu amocana ar gvekiTxeba ramdeni procentiT Seicvala puris fasi, maSin unda
vupasuxoT gaiafda Tu gaZvirda. rasakvirvelia, gaiafda, radgan gaiafeba moxda ukve
gaZvirebulis 10%–iT, romelic cxadia metia, vidre pirvandelis 10%. SegviZlia vn-
axoT, ramdeni procentiT:
10x = 11x 11x - 11x = 99x
gaZvirebamde — x, gaZvirebis Semdeg — x+ ; gaiafebis Semdeg —
100 10 10 100 100
; puris fasi 1%-iT ufro iafia.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos sidideebs Soris ukuproporciuli damokidebulebis danaxva.
ukuproporciuli damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi sesabamisi Tanafardobis Sedgena
da ucnobi sididis povna. ricxvis dayofa mocemuli ricxvebis ukuproporciul
sidideebad.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
a =8
5. a+b=120 da . es ricxvebia 64 da 56.
b 7
67
x =7
6. nika — x ; luka — y x+y=810.
y 2
nika — 630; luka — 180.
>II - 400
I - 360
1 1 1
12. I:II:III= 20 : : =9:10:12;
18 15
31x=1240; x=40
III - 480
15.
a) davalagoT zrdis mixedviT: 1; 1; 2; 5; 7; 7; 7; 7; 9; 9.
saSualo — 5,5; moda — 7; mediana — 7; diapazoni — 8.
b) 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; 15; 20; 21; 30; 30.
saSualo — 14,5; moda — 12; mediana — 13,5; diapazoni — 18.
Temis savarjiSoebi
ganxiluli amocanebis mixedviT Sedgeba Semdegi gantolebebi:
1. 40–x+70(6–x)=70·6. 2. 60·5+90·10=15x. 3. x = 34 $$ 49 = 3 .
+ +
4. 3 $ 20+ 2 $ 0 = 12 . 5. 15x +5 $ 20 = 18 , saidanac x = 10
3
.
3 2 x 5
3.
a) 6; 7; 8; 8; 11; 11; 11; 11; 15; 15.
6 + 7 + 2 $ 8 + 4 $ 11 + 2 $ 15 =
mediana — 11; moda — 11; saSualo — 10, 3 ; diapazoni — 15–6=9.
10
b) 0; 0; 0; 3; 5; 8; 8; 9; 10; 15.
8+5 = 58 =
mediana — 6, 5 ; moda — 0; saSualo — 5, 8 ; diapazoni — 15.
2 10
123 # 40 =
4. spilenZi — 60% — 123kg. cinki — 40% — xkg. x=
60
82 .
zodi iwonis 205 kg-s.
68
250 = 400 1000 = 1 =
5. a) 1250 0, 2 = 20% ; b)
1400
. 0, 29 = 29% ; g)
2000 2
50% .
20
6. 220 . 0, 09 = 9% .
25
7. gaumjobesebis Semdeg fasi gaxdeboda 50+50· 100 =62,5l. gaiafebis Semdeg — 62,5–62,5×
20
=62,5–12,5=50. fasi igive darCa.
100
9. igive msjelobiT — gadideba moxda ukve Semcirebuli ricxvis 30%-iT, e.i. sabolood
ricxvi Semcirdeba.
12. a) yvelaze meti gaiyida mtversasruti (65); b) 60–45=15-iT meti; g) sul gayidulia —
190, maT Soris kondencionerebi — 20, daaxloebiT 10,5%; d) diapazoni — 45, saSualo
190
— =47,5.
4
12x =
14. x - 100 132 , saidanac x=150.
1000m = 1000m =
19. 900 km/sT=90· 3600wm
250 m/wm; 108 km/sT=108·
3600wm
30 m/wm.
21. kargavs 12%, e.i. rCeba 88%. x-is 88% aris 4,4kg. x=5kg.
22. Ciri aRebuli masis 16%-ia. x-is 16% aris 16 kg, e.i. x=100.
x x x
25. a) a=3x; b=x; 36=x; e.i. b=36; a=108; b) a= ; b= ; 36= , saidanac x=108.
8 27 3
27. 18:21:27=6:7:9.
VIIa — 6x; VIIb — 7x; VIIg — 9x
6x + 7x + 9x = 88
VIIa — 24; VIIb — 28; VIIg — 36.
69
30. a) 120 dReSi; b) 16 dReSi; g) 180 dReSi.
sakontrolo wera №3
1. Tu cxrilSi mocemulia sacxobidan erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi gayiduli puris ra-
odenoba kg-ebSi, maSin am monacemTa mediana, moda da diapazoni Sesabamisad iqneba:
a) 150, 180, 100; b) 100, 150, 180; g) 180, 150, 100; d) 150, 100, 180.
2. 20% tolia:
1 4
a) -is; b) 0,02-is; g) 0,2-is; d) -is.
4 5
4. 25 aris 125-is:
a) 25%; b) 20%; g) 5%; d) 18%.
7. kalaTburTis turnirSi nikam Tavis gunds 15 qula SesZina, giorgim – 17, beqam – 22,
xolo zazam – 21, kokam ki verc erTi burTi ver Caagdo kalaTSi. saSualod ramdeni qula
SesZina TiToeulma moTamaSem gunds?
8. firmis TanamSromlis xelfasi 450 laridan 540 laramde gaizarda. ramdeni procentiT
gaizarda TanamSromlis xelfasi?
70
IV Tavi
gaecnobiT
uaryofiT ricxvebs. moqmedebebs racionalur ricxvebze. ricxvis moduls.
ariTmetikis ZiriTad kanonebs racionaluri ricxvebisTvis.
gantolebis, gantolebis amonaxsnis cnebas.
tolfas gantolebebs, gantolebis amoxsnis process.
amocanebis amoxsnas gantolebis meSveobiT.
miznebi:
gaecnon uaryofiT ricxvebs, uaryofiT sidideebs arsebul realobaSi dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi sidideebis gansazRvras, maTze moqmedebebs.
unda SeZlon racionaluri ricxvebis ricxviT RerZze ganTavseba da ricxviT RerZze
wertilis koordinatis dadgena.
unda SeZlon mTel ricxvebze moqmedebebis modelireba.
gaecnon gantolebas, gantolebis amoxsnas.
aRiqvan amocanis Sinaarsi gaiazron da gamijnon amocanis monacemebi da saZiebeli si-
dideebi. SeZlon saZiebeli sididis Sesabamisi cvladis Semotana, gantolebis Sedgena
da misi amoxsna.
1. uaryofiTi ricxvebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos gansazRvros dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ricxvebi, dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi sidideebi. unda SeZlos nebismieri racionaluri ricxvis warmodgena,
rogorc horizontalurad, ise vertikalurad moTavsebul ricxviT RerZze. RerZze
mocemuli wertilis Sesabamisi koordinatis povna.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. lokokina aRmoCnda sawyisi mdebareobidan: a) 10 sm-iT maRla; b) 10 sm-iT dabla.
22. a) I miliT 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi auzSi Caisxmeba mTeli auzis 86 = 43 nawili. II miliT
4 4 3 3 4
4 sT-Si auzis nawili; > ; b) =75%; =80%.
5 5 4 4 5
+ 1200 $ 20
23. SevadginoT gantoleba: x = 800 $ 452000 , saidanac x=30.
24. a) n+n+1+n+2+n+3+n+4=75
5n+10=75, n=13
b) 5n+10=80, n=14
g) 5n+10=53 amonaxseni ara aqvs.
xuTi momdevno naturaluri ricxvis SekrebiT miiReba 5-is jeradi ricxvi.
71
4$3 = 7$6 =
25. a)
2
6 ; b)
2
21 .
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos racionaluri ricxvebis Sedareba, rogorc dadebiTi,
aseve uaryofiTi da sxvadasxvaniSniani. maTi ganlageba ricxviT RerZze. dadebiTi
da uaryofiTi ricxvebis 0-Tan Sedareba, mocemul racionalur ricxvTan mdebare
udidesi da umciresi mTeli ricxvis dasaxeleba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
8. a) 0; -4; -8; -12; -16; -20...; b) 3; -2; -7; -12; -17; -22...;
g) 1; -2; 3; -4; 5; -6...; d) -2; -4; -8; -16; -32; -64....
18. TamaSis principis mixedviT TiTo gundi iTamaSebs 24 TamaSs, magram radgan A gundis
25 $ 24 =
B-sTan TamaSi da B gundis A-sTan TamaSi erTi TamaSia, sul Sedgeba 300 TamaSi.
2
20. daviTvaloT, ramdeni 3-iania mricxvelSi 5-dan 30-is CaTvliT. cxra cali samis
jeradi ricxvia. amas garda, 9-ianSi ori cali 3-iania da 27-Si 3 cali 3-iania (9;18;27),
e.i. sul 9+3+1=13.
72
3. ricxvis moduli
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos nebismieri ricxvis mopirdapire ricxvis dasaxeleba. ricxvis
modulis analizuri da geometriuli ganmarteba, mopirdapire ricxvebis modulebis
Sedareba. |x|=a gantolebis amoxsna a-s nebismieri mniSvnelobisTvis.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. a) ani SeiZleba cxovrobdes me-2 an me-8 sarTulze; b) ani cxovrobs me-5 sarTulze.
+
23. 20 $ 5 8 45 $ 3 = x , saidanac x≈29,4%. b) da g) SemTxvevaSi daiwereba igive gantoleba
da miiReba erTi da igive ricxviTi pasuxi. b) SemTxvevaSi 29,4° da g) 29,4 lari. es pasuxi
gansxvavebuli sidideebia.
73
24. ganvixiloT yvelaze cudi varianti. amoviReT 9 wiTeli, xolo Semdeg 8 yviTeli
(yvelaze meti raodenobebi) vaSli. me-18-s amoRebis Semdeg gveqneba 3-ive feris vaSli.
25. ZaRlic da katac sofelSi yavs ojaxebis 20%-s (80+40-100). es ki 50 ojaxia, e.i. sul
sofelSi 250 ojaxia.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos Sekrebis operaciis Sesruleba nebismierniSnian racionalur
ricxvebze. am moqmedebis ricxviT RerZze gamosaxva. mopirdapire ricxvebis Sekrebis
gamosaxva sqematurad da piriqiT gamosaxuli modelis wakiTxva.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
13. a) gaizrdeba; b) Semcirdeba.
14. 416-28=388 m.
22. davweroT udidesi 5-niSna ricxvi igive pirobiT, es ricxvia 98765, misi mopirdapire
iqneba umciresi xuTniSna uaryofiTi ricxvi. saZiebeli ricxvia -98765.
+
26. 3 $ 4 5 2 $ 3 = 18
5
= 3, 6 km/sT.
27. cxadia, nika eTamaSa yvela moTamaSes, e.i. a) vaxo eTamaSa nikas; irakli eTamaSa vaxos
garda yvelas, e.i. b) givi da gaga eTamaSnen nikas da iraklis; g) giorgi da dima eTamaSnen
erTmaneTs.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos Sekreba-gamoklebis moqmedebebis Sesruleba racionalur
ricxvebze. maTi modelze Cveneba. Sekreba-gamoklebis moqmedebebis Caketilobis
gansazRvra ricxviTi simravleebis mimarT.
74
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
6. WeSmaritia mxolod dadebiTi ricxvebisTvis.
13. a) 20; 14; 8; 2; -4; -10; -16; b) 7; 5; 2; -2; -7; -13; -20;
g) -18; -13; -8; -3; 2; 7; 12; d) -11; -7; -3; 1; 5; 9; 13.
1
15. a) 0; b)
2
.
17. (a+b) c da b c unda vaCvenoT, rom a c a+b≡mc; b≡nc, sadac m,n∈Z, maSin a=(m-n)c, e.i. a c.
18. davuSvaT arsebobs, e.i. a=15k+6 da a=24n+4, sadac k;n∈Z, e.i. 15k+6=24n+4, 3(8n-5k)=2,
rac SeuZlebelia.
20. a) S=Vt S1=2V.3t=6Vt 6-jer mets; b) Casmis gareSe unda mixvdnen, rom isev 6-jer
mets.
8. g. 9. a) 0. 10. d. 11. g.
13. d. 14. 44$ 2 ·4·6=12. 15. 12 ·12x=12 x=2. 16. b. 17. -11. 18. 82.
75
6. racionaluri ricxvebis gamravleba
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos gamravleba-gayofis moqmedebebis Sesruleba racionalur
ricxvebze. moqmedebis Seusruleblad ramdenime ricxvis namravlis niSnis dadgena.
luwi da kenti xarisxebis niSDnebis gansazRvra. uaryofiTi fuZis SemTxvevaSi 1-ze da
-1-ze gamravleba-gayofis Sedegis dadgena da 0-is gayofa nebismier ricxvze.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
9. a) -6°; b) -10°.
7
12. a) 0,01; b) -8; g) -3; d) - ;
5
e) -1,1; v) 0,3; z)-5,275.
3 ^- 1
d) $ 0, 125h $ 271, 3 $ (- 8) `- 3 j =- 271, 3 ; e) -1; v) 1; z) 0.
10 1 444444 2 444444 3 3
1 444444444 2 444444444 3
1
-1
16. AB monakveTis sigrZe 8–(-2)=10. 2x+3x=10 x=2, e.i. AC=4 BC=6 C(2).
76
7. gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanoni, frCxilebis gaxsna
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos ariTmetikis ZiriTadi kanonebis, kerZod, ganrigebadobis
kanonis gamoyeneba gamosaxulebaTa gasamartiveblad. frCxilebis gaxsnis wesis
gamoyeneba gamoTvlebis dros.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
5. a) (–7–x)+(x+1)=-6; b) y+2,7+5,1–y=7,8; g) (x–y)+(y–x)=0.
10. a)-Si, g)-Si da d)-Si pasuxs ver gavcemT, Tu ar viciT a dadebiTia Tu uaryofiTi.
b) a+3>a nebismieri a-Tvis.
9 = 1 2
9 muSa 1 sT-Si nawils, e.i. mTel samuSaos 9 muSa Seasrulebs 12 sT-Si, nawils
12 $ 9 12 3
12 $ 2 =
— 8 sT-Si.
3
8. gantoleba
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos gantolebis, misi amonaxsenis da amonaxsenTa simravlis cnebis
ganmarteba. imis Camoyalibeba, Tu ras niSnavs gantolebis amoxsna, rogor gantolebebs
ewodeba tolfasi. imis Semowmeba mocemuli ricxvi aris Tu ara mocemuli gantolebis
amonaxseni. imis gaazreba, rom gantolebas SeiZleba ar qondes arc erTi amonaxseni an
qondes usasrulod bevri.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
3. namravli 0-is tolia, Tu 0-is tolia misi erT-erTi Tanamamravli.
7. a) 2x–42=5; b) 3x+5–12=34.
77
x
20x = 4x x 4x 5
10. x - 100 5
. unda gavigoT
5 5
-is ramdeni %-ia
4x
$ 100% = 25% .
5
11. 2x+x+2x–20=120; x=48. samkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebia 28 sm; 56 sm da 36 sm.
9. gantolebis amoxsna
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mocemuli amocanis Sesabamisi gantolebis Sedgena, saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi am gantolebis modelis ageba. gantolebis amoxsna. gantolebis amoxsnis
procesSi Tvisebebis gamoyenebiT misi Secvla ufro martivi, tolfasi gantolebebiT,
risi Sedegic amonaxsnis moZebnaa. tolfasobis niSnis gamoyeneba, fesvis Semowmeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2
3. a) {5}; b) $- . ;
9
g) {4}; d) {-40}; e) {3,3}; v){3,2} .
10. gantolebidan Cans, reaqciis Semdegac iqneba jangbadis ori atomi. SeiZleba gavax-
senoT moswavleebs masis mudmivobis kanoni.
11. 2Cu+O2=2CuO
13. x=- 13 ; 2
3
1
y=- + 1 = ;
3
7x–4y=-
7 - 4 =- 11
3 3 3
.
g) a — nebismieri b=0.
16. a) - 3 15 ; 1
b) - 6 ;
2
g) 1.
78
17. AC=2x da BC=5x; 7x=14, e.i. x=2. AC=2x=4sm. BC=5x=10sm.
40x
18. roca aqlems swyuria, misi masa wylis gareSe 40%-ia. 100 , xolo wylis dalevis
800 $ 20
Semdeg 20% ; x=400.
100
19. g).
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos amocanis pirobis gaTvaliswinebiT ucnobis Semotana, Sesabamisi
gantolebis dawera, anu pirobis gantolebaSi gadatana. gantolebis Sedgenis dros,
masSi Semavali sidideebis erTi ganzomilebiT gamosaxva. amocanis pasuxis dadgena,
maSinac, roca SerCeuli cvladiT ar aris aRniSnuli saZiebeli sidide.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. a) x+3(x-1)=21 x=6; b) 2·3x–25=29 x=9; g) x=5(x–8) x=10.
4.
asaki 3 wlis Semdeg
mama x x+3
Svili 75–x 75–x+3
5.
fuZEe x
ferdi x+5
P=x+2(x+5)=3x+10
3x+10=25 x=5
fuZe — 5; ferdi — 10.
79
13.
iyo gaxda
I brigada x x+12
II brigada 4x 4x–18
14.
siCqare daxarjuli dro gavlili manZili
I matarebeli x km/sT 6 sT 7x km/sT
II matarebeli 0,7x km/sT 6 sT 4x–18
16x =
16. 100 16 x=100kg
18.
I klasi (x+2) moswavle x+2+x+x+5=84
II klasi x moswavle 3x=77
aseTi ganawile-
III klasi (x+5) moswavle ba ar SeiZleba.
sul 84.
20. 4.
23. α+2α+α+30°=180°
4α=150°
α=37°30′ ∠C= 37°30′ ∠A=75° ∠B= 67°30′
80
25.
iyo rom yofiliyo
siCqare x x+10
manZili 7x 6(x+10)
28.
wylis sawyisi
1 sT.-Si Cadis t sT.-Si Cadis
raodenoba
I auzi 160m3 xm3 txm3 13-iT naklebi
II auzi 117m 3
(x+14)m 3
t(x+14)m 3
29. 25x+x+2x=350
30. aRvniSnoT marTkuTxedis sigane x-iT, maSin marTkuTxedis sigrZe iqneba — x+3,
SevadginoT gantoleba x(x+3)–x2=21, saidanac x=7.
marTkuTxedis gverdebia: 7, 10.
32. a) x+ 7x = 19 ; b) `x +
2 j- 1 ` + 2 j =
3
x
3
x
3
x 10 .
6, 4x (175 - x) 16
34. 100
=
100
0,4x=175-x
1,4x=175
x=125
35.
a) orniSna ricxvi, romlis erTeulebis cifria 3, aris 9 (13; 23; ... 93), xolo rocxvi,
romlis aTeulebis cifria 3, aris 10 (30; 31; ... 39). am ricxvebs, ricxvi 33 saerTo aqvT,
e.i. ricxvebis raodenobaa 18.
b) 1-dan 99-mde 99:3=33 samis jeradi ricxvia, maTgan 3 erTniSnaa, e.i. 30.
g) sul 99–9=90 orniSna ricxvia, maTgan 30 3-is jeradia, e.i. 60 orniSna ricxvi iyofa 3-ze.
81
3x + 4x + 5x =
saSualod TiToeulze 4x 4x=20 x=5; 15; 20; 25.
3
38. sami momdevno mTeli ricxvidan erT-erTi 3-is jeradia, xolo erTi mainc luwi.
I II III IV
daTo m t t t
merabi t m t t (t — tyuili)
vatangi t t m t (m — marTali)
goCa t t t m
10. a) ±7; b) Ø; g) 1; d) 5 an 1; e) 4 an 3; v) 0 an 4.
14. a) 5; b) 3; g) -2.
27
15. a) 0,8; b)
11
; g) 5,35; d) 0,3.
16. a-1 unda iyos 12-is naturaluri gamyofi, e.i. a=2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 13.
17. a) 9 ar aris 14-is gamyofi, e.i. 3x–1 mTeli ver iqneba, Sesabamisad ver iqneba mTeli x.
18. Tu meore nakveTis farTobs aRvniSnavT x-iT, amocanis pirobis Sesabamisad miviRebT
2
gantolebas (4x–10)=x+10.
3
20. aTeulebis cifri iyos a, maSin erTeulebis iqneba 13–a, saZiebeli ricxvi SeiZleba
CavweroT 10a+13x–a. ricxvi Cawerili igive cifrebiT, Sebrunebuli rigiT, iqneba 10(13–
a)+a. gantolebas eqneba Semdegi saxe: 9a+13=27+10(13–a)+a. saZiebeli ricxvia 85.
82
24. drois erTeulad CavTvaloT is dro, romelSic kata akeTebs 12, xolo ZaRli — 15
naxtoms. davuSvaT ZaRli daewia katas x droSi, maSin ZaRli gaivlis 15x, xolo kata
12x naxtoms. radgan maT Soris 100 naxtomi iyo 15x–12x=100, e.i. 3x=100. ZaRlis mier
gakeTebulia 15x=5·3x=500 naxtomi.
+ 10 $ 70c
31. 5x 15 = 54c x=22°.
sakontrolo wera #4
83
4. 4,5–7,8–(-3,1·5)+(-4,5):2=
a) 12; b) 10; g) -6; d) -10,1.
5. amoxseniT gantoleba:
a) 6x–(8x–14)=104; b) 5(2y–4)=2(5y–1).
V Tavi
gaecnobiT
mimdevrobas. sakoordinato sibrtyes, wertilebis koordinatebs. or sidides Soris
damokidebulebis grafiks. sibrtyis gardaqmnas. wrfeTa paralelobis niSnebs, parale-
lur wrfeTa Tvisebebs. tolferda samkuTxedis Tvisebebs samkuTxedis tolferdobis
niSnebs. samkuTxedebis tolobis niSnebs. saerTo Tvisebis mqone wertilTa geometriul
adgils — SuamarTobi, biseqtrisa. samkuTxedis utolobas.
miznebi:
unda gaecnon mimdevrobas, kerZod, mudmivi nazrdis mqone da periodul mimdevrobebs.
unda SeZlon mimdevrobis ramdenime wevriT kanonzomierebis dadgena da midevrobis
gagrZeleba.
unda gaecnon sakoordinato sibrtyes, wertilis koordinatebs.
unda SeZlon koordinatTa meTodis gamoyenebiT orientireba rukaze da sakoordinato
sibrtyeze.
unda SeZlon sakoordinato RerZebis mimarT RerZulad simetriuli wertilebis
dasaxeleba.
unda SeZlon paraleluri gadatanisas mocemuli figuris nebismieri wertilis koor-
dinatebis povna misi winasaxis koordinatebis da miTiTebuli paraleluri gadatanis
meSveobiT.
unda SeZlon samkuTxedebis tolobis niSnebis gamoyeneba figuraTa Tvisebebis dasa-
dgenad, figuraTa ucnobi elementebis mosaZebnad an realur viTarebaSi manZilis
arapirdapiri gziT dasadgenad.
unda SeZlon martivi agebebis Catareba.
unda SeZlon mizez–Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena samkuTxedTan da mis elementebTan
dakavSirebul debulebebs Soris.
1. mimdevroba
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mudmivi nazrdis, perioduli, fibonaCis da sxva tipis
rekurentuli wesiT mocemul mimdevrobebSi kanonzomierebis dadgena da mimdevrobis
gagrZeleba ramdenime wevriT. zog SemTxevaSi zogadi wevris formulis dawera.
84
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. a) 7; 10; 13; 16; 19; b) 7; 3; -1; -5; -9; g) 7; 0; -7; -14; -21;
7 7 7 7
d) 7; 14; 28; 56; 112; e) 7; ; ; ; ;.
2 4 8 16
2.
a) pirveli wevria 11 da yoveli wevri winaze 10–iT metia.
b) pirveli wevria 8. meore — 2–iT meti, mesame meoreze — 3–iT meti, mesame meoTxeze
— 4–iT meti da a.S.
g) pirveli da meore wevrebia 5 da 5. yoveli Semdegi wevri wina ori wevris jamia.
d) pirveli wevria 3, yoveli Semdegi wevri 3–iT naklebia winaze.
e) pirveli wevria 1 da yoveli Semdegi wevri winaze 3-jer naklebi.
1
v) pirveli wevria , yoveli Semdegi wevri winaze 2-jer naklebi.
3
z) pirveli wevria a+4, yoveli Semdegi wevri miiReba winas damatebuli a.
T) pirveli wevria a–1, yoveli Semdegi winaze 2-iT naklebi.
6. me-6 isars eqneba me-2 isris mimarTuleba, misi sigrZe iqneba 12 -is toli (Tu ujris
gverds CavTvliT 1 erTeulad).
8.
a) perioduloba yoveli oTxi wevris Semdeg 377+94·4+1 a377=3.
b) yoveli kentnomriani wevri 2-is tolia.
g) perioduloba 5 wevris Semdeg 377=5·75+2 a377=9.
d) 377=3·125+2 a377=0.
11. a) zedmetia birTvi (mocemulia piramidebi); b) zedmetia me-3 figura, romelsac ori
mopirdapire gverdi ar aqvs paraleluri.
85
12. a) AC:BC=1:4 A(-5) B(10) AB=15.
5x=15 AC=3; BC=12 C(-2)
x=3
b) A(-7) B(13) AB=20.
5x=20 C(-3)
x=4
2. sakoordinato sibrtye
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos marTkuTxa sakoordinato sistemaSi wertilis ageba misi koor-
dinatebis mixedviT da piriqiT, wertilebis koordinatebis dadgena. koordinatebis
niSnebis dadgena sakoordinato meoTxedebSi da piriqiT, wertilis koordinatebis
niSnebis mixedviT imis dadgena, Tu romel meoTxedSi mdebareobs wertili.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
5. E(3;1), F(3;-4), K(-4;4).
a) P(-4;1).
b) marTkuTxedis gverdebi EF=1–(-4)=5 FK=3–(-4)=7. S=5·7=35.
g) EF-is Suawertili (3;-1,5); KF-is Suawertili (-0,5;-4); KP-is Suawertili (-4;-1,5); PE-is
Suawertili (0,5;1);
11. a) MN wrfis wertilebs toli abscisa aqvT. MN wrfe paraleluria ordinatTa RerZis.
b) MN wrfe paraleluria abscisaTa RerZis, masze mdebare yvela wertils toli or-
dinata aqvs.
15. PABC=AB+BC+2AD=2+5+6=13.
86
3. grafiki
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos or sidides Soris damokidebulebis dafiqsireba da am
damokidebulebis grafikuli gamosaxva, piriqiT agebuli grafikis mixedviT erTi
sididis ricxviTi mniSvnelobiT meoris povna. pirdapirproporciuli da ukurpro-
porciuli damokidebulebis grafikebis ageba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. a) 30 wlis fiWvi 15 m-ia.
b) 10-dan 20 wlamde simaRle gaizarda 5 m-iT.
g) 65 wlis.
K A
C D
4. paraleluri gadatana
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos toli figurebis ganmarteba, imis gansazRvra, sibrtyis moce-
muli gardaqmna aris Tu ara gadaadgileba. paraleluri gadatanis ganmarteba da imis
gansazRvra, Tu rogor icvleba wertilis koordinatebi paraleluri gadatanis dros.
(x;y)→(x+a; y+b) paraleluri gadatanis dros im wertilis povna, romelSic mocemuli
wertili gadava.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. A figuris paraleluri gadataniT miiReba C figura.
3. a) A1(2;2) b) B1(3;1) A1
B1 7
3 A
4. B(2;2)→B1(-5;7) B
A(2;3)→A1(-5;8)
-5 2
87
5. DABC→DA1B1C1.
A(1;1)→A1(2;3)
B(–1;–2)→B1(0;0)
C(2;–1)→C1(3;1)
6. ON=8 sm OF=1,8 sm
O F N
FN=8–1,8=6,2 sm.
5. RerZuli simetria
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mocemuli RerZis mimarT mocemuli figuris simetriuli fig-
uris ageba. simetriuli figurebis ganmarteba. realuri cxovrebidan simetriuli fig-
urebis dasaxeleba. simetriuli figuris simetriis RerZis dafiqsireba. sakoordinato
sistemaSi sakoordinato RerZebis mimarT simetriuli wertilebis koordinatebis povna
da piriqiT, ori wertilis koordinatebiT imis dafiqsireba – aris Tu ara es wertilebi
romelime RerZis mimarT simetriuli.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
4. a) abscisaTa RerZis mimarT
A1(0;–3) B1(–5;–7) C1(–1,5;2) M1(3;4)
b) ordinatTa RerZis mimarT
A2(0;3) B2(5;7) C2(1,5;–2) M2(–3;–4)
7. A(3;7) B(-2;-1)
a) A1(-3;-7) B1(2;1);
b) A2(3;-7) B2(-2;1);
g) A3(-3;7) B3(2;-1).
11. a) da b) SemTxvevaSi saboloo figura erTi da igive monakveTi iqneba A2(1;-3) B2(2;1)
boloebiT.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos ori wrfis mesameTi gadakveTisas miRebul kuTxeTa dasaxeleba.
am kuTxeebis mixedviT wrfeTa paralelurobis dadgena.
88
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. ori wrfe paraleluri rom iyos, maTi mesameTi gadakveTisas miRebuli rva kuTxidan
nebismieri ori kuTxe an toli unda iyos an jamSi gvaZlevdes 180°-s.
AB CD.
8. ab = 25 a=2x; b=5x.
60x + =
9. 100 x 180c x=112,5° es kuTxeebia: 112°30′; 67°30′.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos paralelur wrfeTa Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba, maTi erTmaneT-
Tan dakavSireba. paralelur wrfeTa ageba marTkuTxa saxazavis saSualebiT. mocemuli
kuTxis paralelurgverdebiani kuTxis gansazRvra.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. miRebuli 8 kuTxidan oTxi 78°-ia. danarCeni oTxi — 102°.
3. am sami kuTxidan ori mosazRvrea, e.i. mesame 230°–180°=50°. 50°; 50°; 130°.
7. 53 x = 9 x=15
15x =
8. 100 45 x=300
89
8. samkuTxedis kuTxeebis jami
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos nebismier samkuTxedSi ori kuTxis mocemulobiT mesame kuTxis
povna. marTkuTxa samkuTxedis erTi maxvili kuTxis gamosaxva meoreTi. gansazRvra
imisa, Tu ramdeni blagvi an marTi kuTxe SeiZleba iyos samkuTxedSi.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
4. yuradReba gamaxvildes amocanis pasuxze, saWiroa mieTiTos moswavleebs, rom marT-
kuTxa samkuTxedSi maxvili kuTxe gamoiTvleba gamosaxulebiT α=90°-β, sadac β misi
meore maxvili kuTxea.
7. 2x+3x+4x=180°.
8. 4x+5x+9x=180°.
am amocanis amoxsnis Semdeg, sasurvelia xazi gavusvaT: samkuTxedi, romlis erTi kuTxe
danarCeni oris jamis tolia, marTkuTxaa.
+
9. am aTi ricxvis jamia 70. SevadginoT gantoleba: 7011 x = 9 , saidanac x=29.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos samkuTxedebis tolobis dafiqsireba ori gverdiTa da maT Soris
mdebare kuTxiT, an erTi gverdiTa da masTan mdebare ori kuTxiT, tol samkuTxedebSi
Sesabamisad toli gverdebis da kuTxeebis moniSvna.
90
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
C
2. ∆ACB = ∆AED E
AE=AB
AC=AD C
∠A saerToa, e.i. DE=BC.
A
D B
3. a) AC=A1C1; b) ∠B=∠B1.
B
4. AO
OB
= DO = k
CO D
maSin )
AB = (k + 1) x O
, magram AB=DC, e.i. x=y, AO=DO da
DC = (k + 1) y A C
CO=OB, samkuTxedebi tolia I niSnis Tanxmad.
B B1
6.
A C A1 C1
M M1
91
7. A(-2;-1) B1(2;1).
+
8. 1 $ 10% 2 1 $ 16% = x% x=13
+
9. 3 $ 12% 5 2 $ 7% = x% , saidanac x=10
10. g) 22.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos tolferda samkuTxedis Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba, maTi sqema-
turi gamosaxva. piriqiT, sqemebis wakiTxva. tolferda samkuTxedis simetriis RerZis
ageba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. amocana, sasurvelia, gakeTdes klasSi da misi daskvna xazgasmuli iyos, rogorc erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani faqti. TavisTavad, damtkiceba sirTules ar Seuqmnis moswavleebs.
B
a) moc.: ∆ABC
AB=BC
AM=MB; BN=NC
M N
u.d. AN=CM
6. ∠ABD=90°–40°=50°.
+
7. 30%x +20% $ 3 = 22% 30x + 60 = 66 + 22x
3 x
8x=6 x=0,75l.
9. aseTi kubebi iqneba wiboze mdebare kubebi, garda im kubebisa, romlebic moxvdeba
wveroebSi (maT sami wiTeli waxnagi eqnebaT). TiTo wiboze aseTi kubi iqneba 4, sul gvaqvs
12 wibo, e.i. kubebis raodenobaa 4·12=48.
92
11. samkuTxedis tolferdobis niSnebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos paragrafSi CamoTvlili niSnebis safuZvelze samkuTxedis
tolferdobis dadgena. tolferdobis niSnebis sqematuri gamosaxva. tolferdobis
niSnebis amocnoba naxazidan.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi: B
1.
(∠A=∠C)⇒AB=BC
(∠A=∠B)⇒AC=BC
e.i. AB=BC=AC
A C
3.
aq bunebrivad keTdeba daskvna, rom aseTi samkuTxedi
marTkuTxaa.
a
b b
– 257 =. . .5
6
6. + 136 5=. . .6
31 =. . .1
. . .0 jami bolovdeba 0-iT.
8. 7x+3x=180°
x=18°
mocemuli kuTxe 3x=54°.
93
12. monakveTis SuamarTobi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos monakveTie boloebidan Tanabrad daSorebul wertilTa geome-
triuli adgilis ageba. monakveTis SuamarTobis ganmarteba, misi Tvisebebis Camoyali-
beba. mocemuli winadadebis Sebrunebuli winadadebis Camoyalibeba da imis Semowmeba,
aris Tu ara sebrunebuli winadadeba WeSmariti.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. AC=BC=5
B
3. moc.: ∆ABC
BM=MC
M
MD⊥BC
BD=5sm, AC=8,5sm.
u.v. AD da DC A
D
C
A
4. moc.: AM=MB; AN=NC
MD⊥AB DN⊥BC
6. 10a+b=72+a+b, saidanac a=8. e.i. aseTi orniSna ricxvebia yvela is ricxvebi, romelTa
aTeulebis cifria 8. 80; 81; 82;... 89.
7. WeSmaritia C⊂B⊂A g)
nebismieri tolgverda aris tolferdac, xolo tolferda samkuTxedi ki
samkuTxedis kerZo saxea.
94
13. samkuTxedis tolobis III niSani
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos samkuTxedebis tolobis Cveneba sami gverdiT. tolobis III
niSnis sqematuri gamosaxva. samkuTxedebis tolobis dasamtkiceblad mocemulobebis
amokreba, gaanalizeba da dadgena — romeli niSnis gamoyenebaa mizanSewonili moce-
muli amocanisTvis.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1-4. amocanebSi samkuTxedebis tolobis Cveneba xdeba mocemulobebis moxedviT.
saZiebeli sidideebi unda vipovoT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom tol samkuTxedebSi
toli gverdebis win toli kuTxeebia, xolo toli kuTxeebis win — toli gverdebi.
A B
5. SevaerToT A da B wertilebi. am wertilebidan,
a)
rogorc centrebidan mocemuli manZiliT Semovx-
AB
azoT rkalebi. Tu mocemuli manZili -ze nakle-
2 B
A
bia, aseTi wertili ar iarsebebs (a). Tu mocemuli b)
AB
manZili tolia -is, aseTi wertili AB-is Suaw-
2
ertilia (b).
AB
Tu mocemuli manZili -ze metia, aseTi wertili A B
2
iqneba ori — AB-s SuamarTobze.
g)
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos samkuTxedis nebismier wverosTan mdebare gare kuTxis ageba.
gare kuTxis gradusuli zomis gansazRvra, misi Sedareba samkuTxedis danarCen kuTx-
eebTan. samkuTxedis gverdebisa da kuTxeebs Soris kanonzomierebis dadgena (udidesi
gverdis pirdapir udidesi kuTxea da piriqiT, udidesi kuTxis pirdapir udidesi
gverdi).
95
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. ABC samkuTxedSi ∠C=60° A wverosTan ,debare gare kuTxe 130°-ia. ipoveT ∠B.
3. samkuTxedis ori kuTxe 30° da 80°-ia. ipoveT mesame wverosTan mdebare gare kuTxe.
amoxsnAAa: α=80°+30°=110°.
B
5. samkuTxedis gare kuTxeebia 180°–α; 180°–β;
180°–γ. b
maTi jami: 180°–α+180°–β+180°–γ=3·180°–
(α+β+γ)=3·180°–180°=360°, r.d.g.
A a g
C
a
A C
11. jer vimsjeloT bolo cifrze. bolo cifri ver iqneba 2; 3 da 0 (arc erTi sruli
kvadrati ar bolovdeba 2-iT, 3-iT da erTi 0-iT). e.i. bolo cifria 5. nebismieri 5-iT
daboloebuli ricxvis kvadrati bolovdeba 25-iT. e.i. saZiebeli ricxvis kvadratia
3025=552.
12. qalebi — 35%, e.i. kacebi — 65%, kacebi 30%-iT meti arian, vidre qalebi da es 30%
252-ia.
x $ 30 =
252 x=840.
100
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos imis Semowmeba mocemuli sami sigrZis monakveTisgan Sedgeba
Tu ara samkuTxedi. samkuTxedis utolobis dawera nebismieri samkuTxedisTvis. sam-
kuTxedis ageba mocemuli gverdebis mixedviT.
96
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
3. a=1,9; b=0,7. c<a+b, e.i. c<2,6. amave dros, c>a·b, e.i. c>1,2. radgan c-s sigrZe mTeli
ricxvia c=2.
4. ganvixiloT ori SemTxveva a) 10; 10; 25; b) 25; 25; 10. a) SeEuZlebelia, radgan 10+10<25,
e.i. fuZis sigrZea 10.
a =5 5 5
, e.i. a= x miviReT gantoleba: 2x+3x+4x+ x =64, saidanac x=6.
2x 6 3 3
saZiebeli ricxvebia 12; 18; 24; 10.
jgufuri mecadineoba A
C B
a A1 B1 K
2. gan. ∆AA1B1 da AB1B
∠A1=∠B=90°. AB1 saerToa
∠A1B1A=∠B1AB (Siga jvaredinad md. kuTxeebia)
∠A1AB1=∠AB1B, e.i. ∆A1B1A=∆BAB1 (samkuTxedis
tolobis II niSani). miviReT B1B=AA1=3.
A B A
C B K D
97
4. wertilidan wrfemde manZilis da samkuTxedis simaRlis ganmartebebis
safuZvelze es manZilebi mocemuli simaRleebis tolia.
A
5. AB+AC=17
AB=x, maSin AC=17–x
CavsvaT AC–AB=12 tolobaSi
17–x–x=12, saidanac x=2,5.
AB=2,5; AC=14,5.
C B
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos marTkuTxa samkuTxedis gverdebis dasaxeleba, marTkuTxa
samkuTxedis erTi maxvili kuTxis meoris saSualebiT povna, ori marTkuTxa samkuTxe-
dis tolobis dadgena paragrafSi CamoTvlili komponentebis mixedviT da Sesabamisi
sqemebis daxazva.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. sasurvelia amocanis amoxsnis Semdeg gakeTdes zogadi daskvna: Tu
marTkuTxa samkuTxedis marTi kuTxis wverodan gavavlebT simaRles,
miRebul sam marTkuTxa samkuTxeds toli kuTxeebi aqvT.
4. ganv. ∆ABC, ∆A1B1C1; maT toli aqvT AC=A1C1; BC=B1C1. agreTve B da B1 wveroebidan
gavlebuli simaRleebi BD=B1D1 ∆BDC=∆B1D1C1 (marTk. samkuT. t. III niSani). e.i. ∠C=∠C
da samkuTxedebi tolia I niSnis Tanaxmad. B
N M
A C
98
A
a A D
50° C B
c M C
8. C wertilze gavavloT c||a||b. miviReT
150° x=∠ACM+ ∠MCB. ∠ACM=∠DAC=50°
b B K (S.j.m.d.k.) ∠MCB=∠CBK=30°.
x=80°.
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos kuTxis biseqtrisis, rogorc saerTo Tvisebis mqone wertilTa
geometriuli adgilis gansazRvra da piriqiT, kuTxis gverdebidan Tanabrad daSo-
rebuli wertilis mdebareobis dadgena. kuTxis biseqtrisis Tvisebaze dayrdnobiT
mocemuli kuTxis biseqtrisis ageba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
1. a) es wertili A kuTxis biseqtrisisa da BC monakveTis SuamarTobis gadakveTis
wertilia. b) BC monakveTis SuamarTobisa da kuTxis gverdebis gadakveTis wertilebi.
4. KP=KD=20sm.
B
M
5. B da C wveroebidan Tanabrad daSorebul wer-
tilTa simravle BC-s SuamarTobia. vipovoT A
kuTxis biseqtrisis da SuamarTobis gadakveTis K
wertili M. A C
99
A
P
6. ∠BPN=∠NPB=45°.
B N C
b $ 75 = 3 c $ 40 = 2 4 5
8. a=
100 4
b a=
100 5
c, saidanac b= a da c= a
3 2
5 -4 =
c-b=42 CavsvaT: a a 42 , e.i. a=36; b=48; c=90.
2 3
amocanebi:
Β C
25°
35° 4. ∠Α=∠Α=25°+35°=60°
∠Β=∠D=180 −60 =120 .
Α D
8. a) AB=CD≡a; BC=AD=a+25.
AB+BC=a+a+25=152:2 ⇒ 2a+25=76 ⇒ 2a=51 ⇒ a=25,5.
AB=25,5sm da BC=50,5sm.
100
9. ganv. ΔABD. cxadia AB=BD≡a. Β C
AD≡b.
a a
PABCD = 2a + 2b = 3,8
PΔABD = 2a + b = 3 )
⇒ b=0,8 da a = (3–0,8):2 = 2,2:2 = 1,1.
Α
K D
101
19. rombi, rombis farTobi
amocanebi:
B C
AB
6. AK =
2
. e.i. ∠A=30°.
A K D
B C
8. a = 8 sm.
1 8
ganv. ∆ABK. ∠K=90°, BK= AB=4. 4
2
A K 2 D
102
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
103
11. a) simetriis centria diagonalebis kveTis wertili.
b) simetriis RerZi - gverdebis Suawertilebis SemaerTebeli wrfeebi, e.i. Tu marT-
kuTxedi kvadratSi ar aris, maSin — ori.
2. α+2α=180°.
5. Siga calmxrivi kuTxeebis jami 180°-ia, maTi naxevrebis — 90°. e.i. biseqtrisebs Soris
kuTxe 90°-ia.
10. samkuTxedis gare kuTxe misi aramosazRvre kuTxeebis jamis tolia, e.i. TiToeulze
metia.
104
14. x+(x+3)·2=15,6 x=3,2 3,2; 6,2; 6,2.
15. fuZesTan mdebare kuTxis biseqtrisa ferdis marTobulia, e.i. simaRlea, amitom
fuZe ferdis tolia.
N
+NBC
18. B M ∠NBC=∠A+∠C=2∠C, ∠MBC=
2
=∠C, ∠MBC da ∠C
warmoadgenen S. jv. md. kuTxeebs BM da AC paralelur
wrfeebsa da BC mkveTisaTvis. e.i. MB||AC.
A ) ) C
20. ABC marTkuTxa samkuTxedSi (C=90°). B kuTxis gare kuTxea 122°. e.i. ∠B=58°, e.i.
udidesi kaTetia AC. e.i. saZiebeli kuTxea ∠ACK (CK simaRlea) ∠ACK=∠B=58°.
B
21. ganv. ∆DMC da ∆DNB samkuTxedebi. isini tolia marTkuTxa
samkuTxedebis tolobis niSnis Tanaxmad, e.i. BN=CM. M O
N
M
A C
105
24. samkuTxedis erT wverosTan mdebare Siga da gare kuTxis biseqtrisebi qmnian 90°-ian
kuTxes, e.i. saZiebeli kuTxea 50°.
25. BC=CD, e.i. ∠CBD=∠CDB, magram ∠CDB=∠ABD (AB||CD, BD mkveTia), e.i. ∠DBC=∠ABD.
180c - (a + b)
33. 2
- (90c - b) , sadac α da β mocemuli samkuTxedis kuTxeebi da β>α.
35. ∠BAC=
180c - 40c
=70°. ∠OAC=60°. ∠OAB=10°. ∠ABO=20°, O
2
e.i. ∠AOB=150°.
A
A C
C B
106
39. 4x=180°, e.i. x=45°. paralelogramis simaRleebs Soris kuTxe paralelogramis Sida
kuTxis tolia: a) 45°; b) 135°.
B
40. MN=BK≡x
K MK=NB≡y
wrfeTa paralelobis gamo ∆ANM da MKC tolferdebia, e.i. AN=x da
N
KC=y da x+y=AB=5.
PNBKM=2(x+y)=10.
A M C
B C
o ⇒ AB=BD=0,9
BK = AD
42.
AK = KD
AB+AD=1,9, e.i. AD=1. A
K D
46. erT gverdTan mdebare kuTxeTa jami 180°-ia, e.i. wrfeebis jami iqneba 90°.
B C
49. AK≡x; KC=3x, e.i. AC=4x.
AO=OC=2x ⇒ KO=x, O
e.i. ABO samkuTxedSi AB=BO=AO=4. AC=8. 2
K
A D
5x 2x
2x 5x
107
sakontrolo wera №5
108
VI Tavi
am TavSi gaecnobiT
xarisxsa da xarisxis Tvisebebs. erTwevrs. mravalwevrs, moqmedebebs erTwevrebsa da
mravalwevrebze.
miznebi:
unda SeZlon moqmedebaTa Tvisebebis gamoyeneba algebruli gamosaxulebis gasamartive-
blad da misi mniSvnelobis gamosaTvlelad cvladebis mocemuli mniSvnelobisaTvis.
unda SeZlon algebruli gardaqmnebisa da logikuri msjelobis gamoyenebiT ori al-
gebruli gamosaxulebis igivuri tolobis dasabuTeba an uaryofa.
1. xarisxis Tvisebebi
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos tolfuZiani xarisxebis gamravleba-gayofa; namravlis, wiladis
axarisxeba. xarisxis axarisxeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. a) x5=x3·x2; b) x10=x3·x7; g) x19=x3·x16; d) x12=x3·x9.
9. romelia meti:
a) 69 Tu 29·310; 29·310= 29·39·3=(2·3)9·3=3·69. 69< 29·310.
b) 1511 Tu 510·312; 510·312= 510·310·32=1510·9. 1511>510·312.
109
14. I II
marTkuTxedi marTkuTxedi
sigrZe x 6x
5
sigane y 23y
20
farTobi xy 138
xy
100
138 38
xy =xy+ xy , gaizardeba 38%-iT.
100 100
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos erTwevris dayvana standartul saxeze. erTwevris koeficien-
tis, xarosxis gansazRvra. erTwevrebis gamravleba da axarisxeba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
25 4 4 8 = ` 5 2 2 4 j2
4. a) 81a4=(9a2)2; b)
36
axz
6
axz ;
g) 0,09y12=(0,3y6)2; d) 0,0025m6n10=(0,05m3n5)2.
8. davuSvaT arsebobs, e.i. a=15k+6 da a=24n+4, sadac k;n∈Z, e.i. 15k+6=24n+4, 3(8n–5k)=2,
rac SeuZlebelia.
3. mravalwevri
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos msgavsi wevrebis Sekreba, mravalwevris standartul saxeze
dayvana. Sekreba-gamoklebis operaciebis Catareba mravalwevrebze. mravalwevris
xarisxis dadgena.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
6. a) (x–y)+(y–z)+(8–x)–(7–z)=x–y+y–z+8–x–7+z=1;
b) 1,7–10b2–(1–3b2)+(2,3+7b2)=1,7–10b2–1+3b2+2,37+b2=3.
110
8.b) 8x–3–(5-2x)=4,3
8x–3–5+2x=4,3
10x–8=4,3
10x=12,3
x=1,23.
15. SeadareT:
a) 107 da 28·57. 28·57=2·27·57=2·(2·5)7=2·107; 107<2·107, e.i. 107<28·57;
b) 612 da 213·311. 213·311=22·211·311=4·(2·3)11=4·611; 612=6·611, 6·611>4·611
g) 2525 da 250·350. 2525=(52)25=550; 250·350=(2·3)50=650; 550<650 e.i. 2525<250·350.
d) 6330 da 360·530. 360·530=(32)30·530=930·530=4530; 6330>4530 e.i. 6330>360·530.
111
4. erTwevrisa da mravalwevris namravli
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos ganrigebadobis kanonis gaTvaliswinebiT erTwevris mraval-
wevrze gamravleba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
11. a) 6n+3:6n=63; b) 10n+1:10n-1=102; g) (-1)n·(-1)n=(-1)2n=1; d) (-1)2n:(-1)3=-1.
37 4
12. a) 38 ; b)
25
.
5. mravalwevrebis namravli
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos mravalwevris mravalwevrze gamravleba, msgavsi wevrebis
SeerTeba da namravlis standartuli saxiT warmodgena..
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
10. x–y= 13 .
1 1 1
a) y–x=- ; b) (y–x)2= ; g) (x–y)3= ;
3 9 27
1 1 1
d) =-3; e) (x–y)2= ; v) (y–x)3=– .
y-x 9 27
11. radgan n 3-ze meti martivi ricxvia, igi kentia, amitom n–1 da n+1 ricxvebi luwebia,
romelTagan erT-erTi 4-is jeradia, e.i. (n–1)(n+1) iyofa 8-ze. viciT, rom nebismieri sami
momdevno mTeli ricxvidan, erT-erTi samis jeradia, magram, radgan n martivia, samis
jeradia n–1 an n+1, e.i. (n–1(n+1) namravli iyofa 24-ze.
112
O
R
12. B ∆OAB-Si AB<OA+OB=2R.
R
5
13. 6
—5
1 — x x=6 sT.
16.
gadmoasxes
darCa
spirti
I gadmosxma 8 24
II gadmosxma 8·
24
=6 18
92
III gadmosxma 8·
18
=4,5 13,5
32
§6. igiveoba
reziume:
moswavlem unda SeZlos martivi igiveobis damtkiceba. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes
im faqtze, rom igiveobis dasamtkiceblad saWiroa gamartivdes dasamtkicebeli
tolobis erTi (an orive) mxare da mivi RoTYmeore mxare.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
2. a) gavamartivoT marjvena mxare: (a+3)(a+4)=a2+4a+3a+12=a2+7a+12. r.d.g.
e) gavamartivoT cal-calke orive mxare:
16–(a+3)(a+12)=16–a2–15a–36=-a2–15a–20; 36–(8+a)(a+7)=36–15a–a2–56=-a2–15a–20.
5. I kvadrati:
diagonalze: ab*b*a*cd=a2b2cd; 1·ad·bc·ab=a2·b2cd.
svetebSi: ab·ad·bc·1= a2b2dc; c·b·ad·ab= a2b2cd.
d·bc·a·ab= a2b2dc; ad·a·b·cd= a2b2cd.
striqonebSi: ab·c·d·ab= a2b2dc; ad·b·bc·a= a2b2cd.
bc·ad·a·b= a2b2cd; 1·ab·ad·cd= a2b2cd.
e.i. I kvadrati magiuri kvadratia.
113
6. 45=5∙9. u.s.g. (5;9)=1. Tu iyofa 5-ze aseTi gvaqvs 42*45 an 42*40.
Tu iyofa 9-ze 4+2+4+5=15. e.i. *=3. 4+2+4+0=10. e.i. *=8.
es ricxvebia 42345; 42840.
7. 2·3·5·7=...0
330 2
9. 165 3 radgan 11>9 amitom ar SeiZleba.
55 5
11 11
1 =
b) 0, (142857) ; 225:6=37 (3); 225-e cifria 2.
7
reziume:
moswavles unda SeeZlos Semoklebuli gamravlebis aRniSnuli formulebis, rogorc
sityvieri Camoyalibeba, aseve formulis saxiT Cawera. maTi gamoyeneba gamosaxulebaTa
gamartivebisas; unda SeeZlos sruli kvadratis gamoyofa Sesabamis gamosaxulebebSi.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
9. )
a + b = 11
aviyvanoT pirveli toloba kvadratSi a2+2ab+b2=121, e.i. a2+b2=65.
ab = 28
10. ) 2 )
a + b = 17 a + b = 17
2 es ricxvebia 5 da 12.
a + b = 169 ab = 60
13. a) 612=(60+1)2=3600+120+1=3721;
v) 97·103=(100–3)(100+3)=10000–9=9991.
21. (n+1)2–n2=(n+1–n)(n+1+n)=2n+1.
114
8. mravalwevris daSla mamravlebad
reziume:
moswavles unda SeeZlos mravalwevris (Tu es SesaZlebelia) warmodgena ramdenime
mravalwevris namravlis saxiT. amisaTvis unda SeeZlos saerTo Tanamamravlis
frCxilebs gareT gatana; wevrebis dajgufeba, Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebis
gamoyeneba.
amoxsnebi, miTiTebebi:
5. a) (2x+8)2=(2(x+4))2=4(x+4)2.
6. a) 412–410=410(42–1)=15·410 30;
g) 2714–8110=342–340=340(32–1)=8·920 72;
d) 6n+6n+1+6n+2=6n(1+6+62)=43·6n.
12. d) x2+2x–15=0
x2+2x+1–16=0
(x+1)2–16=0
(x+1–4)(x+1+4)=0 x=3; –5.
14. a) x2+30x+240=x2+30x+225+15=(x+15)2+15.
16. a) n3+11n=n(n2+11) cxadia, gamosaxuleba luwia, e.i. unda davamtkicoT, rom iyofa
3-ze. Tu n 3-ze iyofa, winadadeba WeSmaritia, Tu n 3-ze ar iyofa, maSin misi 3-ze gayofis
naSTia 1 an 2, maSin n2-is naSTia 1. e.i. n2+11 iyofa 3-ze.
b) n4–1=(n–1)(n+1)(n2+1).
SevadginoT 5-ze gayofis naSTebis cxrili:
g) m3–m=m(m–1)(m+1) sami momdevno ricxvidan erTi samis jeradia, erT-erTi mainc luwia.
(400 - 4x) $ 80
21. 100
= 272 , saidanac x=15.
22. 2 sT-Si auzidan gavida 300 l wyali, e.i. yovel saaTSi — 150 l. e.i. Tavidan auzSi iyo
500l wyali.
B C
o ⇒ ∠BOA=75°, e.i. ∠BOD=135°.
+BAO = 30c O
25.
AB = AO
A D
115
9. kubebis jami da kubebis sxvaoba
14. 70124.
VI Tavis testi
1) g; 2) g; 3) g; 4) a; 5) a; 6) b; 7) b; 8) a; 9) g; 10) d; 11) b; 12) d; 13) g;
14) b; 15) g; 16) b; 15) g; 16) b; 17) b; 18) b; 19) d; 20) g; 21) g; 22) b; 23) b; 24) b;
25) b.
116
sakontrolo wera №6
1. 32·35·37·3=
a) 314; b) 315; g) 310; d) 370.
2. (513)2=
a) 517; b) 515; g) 526; d) 530.
3. (-2m3)2=
a) -4m6; b) -4m5; g) 4m6; d) 4m5.
1 5 6 1 5 6
a) xy; b) 3x5y6; g) x5y6; d) xy.
3 9
6. gaamartiveT: (xy2–5xy)+(5xy–7)–(xy2–14).
9. gaamartiveT: 6n+1:6n–(n–6)·(n+1).
117